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Ge Q, Zhao S, Shao X, Wei Y, Chen J, Wang H, Xu F. Influence of flavonoids from Sedum aizoon L. on mitochondrial function of Rhizopus nigricans in strawberry. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:161. [PMID: 38613738 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Rhizopus nigricans (R. nigricans), one of the fungi that grows the fastest, is frequently discovered in postharvest fruits, it's the main pathogen of strawberry root rot. Flavonoids in Sedum aizoon L. (FSAL) is a kind of green and safe natural substance extracted from Sedum aizoon L. which has antifungal activity. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FSAL on R. nigricans and cell apoptosis tests were studied to explore the inhibitory effect of FSAL on R. nigricans. The effects of FSAL on mitochondria of R. nigricans were investigated through the changes of mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP), mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP), Ca2+ content, H2O2 content, cytochrome c (Cyt c) content, the related enzyme activity and related genes of mitochondria. The results showed that the MIC of FSAL on R. nigricans was 1.800 mg/mL, with the addition of FSAL (1.800 mg/mL), the mPTP openness of R. nigricans increased and the MMP reduced. Resulting in an increase in Ca2+ content, accumulation of H2O2 content and decrease of Cyt c content, the activity of related enzymes was inhibited and related genes were up-regulated (VDAC1, ANT) or down-regulated (SDHA, NOX2). This suggests that FSAL may achieve the inhibitory effect of fungi by damaging mitochondria, thereby realizing the postharvest freshness preservation of strawberries. This lays the foundation for the development of a new plant-derived antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ge
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiyi Zhao
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Zhan J, Zeng D, Xiao X, Fang Z, Huang T, Zhao B, Zhu Q, Liu C, Jiang B, Zhou X, Li C, He L, Yang D, Liu M, Zhang X. Real-Time Observation of Conformational Changes and Translocation of Endogenous Cytochrome c within Intact Mitochondria. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4455-4466. [PMID: 38335066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt c) is a multifunctional protein with varying conformations. However, the conformation of cyt c in its native environment, mitochondria, is still unclear. Here, we applied NMR spectroscopy to investigate the conformation and location of endogenous cyt c within intact mitochondria at natural isotopic abundance, mainly using widespread methyl groups as probes. By monitoring time-dependent chemical shift perturbations, we observed that most cyt c is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and partially unfolded, which is distinct from its native conformation in solution. When suffering oxidative stress, cyt c underwent oxidative modifications due to increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), weakening electrostatic interactions with the membrane, and gradually translocating into the inner membrane spaces of mitochondria. Meanwhile, the lethality of oxidatively modified cyt c to cells was reduced compared with normal cyt c. Our findings significantly improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of ROS by cyt c in mitochondria. Moreover, it highlights the potential of NMR to monitor high-concentration molecules at a natural isotopic abundance within intact cells or organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongpei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Conggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichun He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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Sillapawattana P, Gruhlke MCH, Seiler TB, Klungsupya P, Charerntantanakul W. Oxidative stress related effect of xenobiotics on eukaryotic model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:149-161. [PMID: 38151215 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological assays have traditionally focused on the effects of chemicals at the individual level by exploiting mortality and reproduction as endpoints. Although these two parameters are ecologically relevant, they rarely provide information regarding the elemental toxic mechanisms. Obviously, the number of xenobiotics used has been rapidly increased. Thus, any established measurement that shortens the actual outcome and, simultaneously provides information about toxic mechanisms is desirable. This research focused on the study of oxidative stress response as a biomarker in the eukaryotic model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For this, yeast cells were exposed to a set of selected environmentally relevant chemicals via different approaches, including cellular diagnostics, gene expression analysis and chemo-genetic screening. The results demonstrated that at the cellular level, model organisms reacted to different chemicals in distinct manner. For each xenobiotic, the correlation between toxic response of molecular and cellular levels are presented. Namely, the expression of target genes after chemical exposure affected the cellular alteration as evidenced by an elevated level of superoxide dismutase and a reduced amount of glutathione. Furthermore, the results derived from chemo-genetic screening, in which mutants lacking of gene of interest were employed, exhibited more susceptibility to test chemicals in comparison to the wildtype. The response of oxidative stress upon chemical exposure in budding yeast from this study is potentially useful for an establishment of a proper bio-test system which can eventually be linked to adverse effects at an individual level in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwad Sillapawattana
- Program in Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Prapaipat Klungsupya
- Thailand Institute for Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Hsiao WW, Lau KM, Chien SC, Chu FH, Chung WH, Wang SY. Antifungal Activity of Cedrol from Cunninghamia lanceolate var. konishii against Phellinus noxius and Its Mechanism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:321. [PMID: 38276778 PMCID: PMC10821468 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Phellinus noxius is a highly destructive fungus that causes brown root disease in trees, leading to decay and death. In Taiwan, five prized woods-Taiwania cryptomerioides, Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana, Cunninghamia lanceolata var. konishii, Chamaecyparis formosensis, and Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana-are known for their fragrance and durability. This study aims to explore the anti-brown-root-rot-fungus activity of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. konishii (CL) essential oil (CLOL) and its primary components, while also delving into their mechanisms of action and inhibition pathways. The essential oil (CLOL) from CL wood demonstrated significant efficacy against P. noxius, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 37.5 µg/mL. Cedrol, the major component (78.48%) in CLOL, emerged as a potent antifungal agent, surpassing the reference drug triflumizole. Further assays with cedrol revealed a stronger anti-brown-root-disease activity (IC50 = 15.7 µg/mL) than triflumizole (IC50 = 32.1 µg/mL). Scanning electron microscopy showed deformation and rupture of fungal hyphae treated with CLOL and cedrol, indicating damage to the fungal cell membrane. Cedrol-induced oxidative stress in P. noxius was evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and fungal apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Gel electrophoresis confirmed cedrol-induced DNA fragmentation, whereas TUNEL staining demonstrated increased apoptosis with rising cedrol concentrations. Moreover, protein expression analysis revealed cedrol-triggered release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9, and subsequent caspase-3 activation, initiating a caspase cascade reaction. This groundbreaking study establishes cedrol as the first compound to induce apoptosis in P. noxius while inhibiting its growth through oxidative stress, an increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability, and activation of the mitochondrial pathway. The findings offer compelling evidence for cedrol's potential as an effective antifungal agent against the destructive brown root disease caused by P. noxius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Hsiao
- Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Ka-Man Lau
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Chang Chien
- Experimental Forest Management Office, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Hua Chu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106217, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Hsin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan;
- Special Crop and Metabolome Discipline Cluster, Academy Circle Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40202, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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5
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Kim C, Kim JG, Kim KY. Anti- Candida Potential of Sclareol in Inhibiting Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Yeast-Hyphal Transition. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010098. [PMID: 36675919 PMCID: PMC9862543 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though Candida albicans commonly colonizes on most mucosal surfaces including the vaginal and gastrointestinal tract, it can cause candidiasis as an opportunistic infectious fungus. The emergence of resistant Candida strains and the toxicity of anti-fungal agents have encouraged the development of new classes of potential anti-fungal agents. Sclareol, a labdane-type diterpene, showed anti-Candida activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 μg/mL in 24 h based on a microdilution anti-fungal susceptibility test. Cell membrane permeability with propidium iodide staining and mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-1 staining were increased in C. albicans by treatment of sclareol. Sclareol also suppressed the hyphal formation of C. albicans in both liquid and solid media, and reduced biofilm formation. Taken together, sclareol induces an apoptosis-like cell death against Candida spp. and suppressed biofilm and hyphal formation in C. albicans. Sclareol is of high interest as a novel anti-fungal agent and anti-virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaerim Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Goo Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yingin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yingin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-312012633
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Bonomelli B, Busti S, Martegani E, Colombo S. Active Ras2 in mitochondria promotes regulated cell death in a cAMP/PKA pathway-dependent manner in budding yeast. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:298-308. [PMID: 36527174 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that an aberrant accumulation of activated Ras in mitochondria correlates with an increase in apoptosis. In this article, we show that lack of trehalose-6P-synthase, known to trigger apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induces localization of active Ras proteins in mitochondria, confirming the above-mentioned correlation. Next, by characterizing the ras1Δ and ras2Δ mutants, we show that active Ras2 proteins, which accumulate in the mitochondria following addition of acetic acid (a pro-apoptotic stimulus), are likely the GTPases involved in regulated cell death, while active Ras1 proteins, constitutively localized in mitochondria, might be involved in a pro-survival molecular machinery. Finally, by characterizing the gpa2Δ and cyr1Δ mutants, in which the cAMP/PKA pathway is compromised, we show that active mitochondrial Ras proteins promote apoptosis through the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bonomelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Busti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Sillapawattana P, Klungsupya P. Ecotoxicity testing of paraquat metabolites degraded by filamentous fungi in model organism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153631. [PMID: 35124045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat has been intensively used worldwide for several decades for the purpose of weed control in profit crop plantation. This leads to the accumulation of the herbicide and its metabolites in the environment. One promising method to reduce and/or eliminate the paraquat-contaminants is via microbial bioremediation. Filamentous fungi, Aspergillus tamarii PRPY-2, isolated from rubber tree plantation in the northern part of Thailand exhibited the ability to degrade paraquat in liquid media at laboratory scale. Thus, utilization of this species in paraquat-contaminated sites is potentially feasible. However, metabolites generated during biodegradation processes are possibly more toxic than the parent compound. Hence, before introducing this microbe into the environment, it is necessary to ensure that metabolites have no adverse effects on the ecosystem. The present work focuses on the study of the toxic effects of paraquat metabolites on the eukaryote model organism using Saccharomyces cerevisiae of wild type and five mutant strains. The relation between paraquat degradation and growth of fungi was firstly performed. Ecotoxicity testing was done via chemo-genetic screening method. Oxidative stress-related enzyme, superoxide dismutase of S. cerevisiae was also verified. The results illustrated that fungi could degrade 100% of paraquat in Czapeck Dox liquid medium within 21 days. Ecotoxicity data indicated that all yeast strains grew better in a medium containing paraquat metabolites than the one containing parent compound. Among them, mutant lacking superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene was the most affected strain. Moreover, enzyme activity of yeast cells exposed to paraquat metabolites was found to be lower than that exposed to parent compound. In summary, metabolites degraded by A. tamarii are less toxic to model organism than paraquat. Therefore, the utilization of this species for remediation purpose was found to be safe for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwad Sillapawattana
- Program in Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiangmai, Thailand.
| | - Prapaipat Klungsupya
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Techno Polis, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Mohapatra AD, Zuromski J, Kurtis J. Assessing PfGARP-Mediated Apoptosis of Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum Parasites. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:659-672. [PMID: 35881381 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is conventionally regarded as an evolutionarily conserved and genetically controlled process of programmed cell death confined to metazoan organisms. However, recently, conserved features of apoptosis have also been demonstrated in unicellular eukaryotes (Holzmuller et al. Parasitology 132:S19-S32, 2006; Le Chat et al. Mol Biochem Parasitol 153:41-47, 2007; Madeo et al. Curr Opin Microbiol 7:655-660, 2004; Welburn et al. Parasitology 132:S7-S18, 2006; Jensen et al. Science 216:1230-1233, 1982) including malaria parasites (Al-Olayan et al. Int J Parasitol 32:1133-1143, 2002; Ch'ng et al. Cell Death Dis 1:e26, 2010; Meslin et al. J Infect Dis 195:1852-1859, 2007; Picot et al. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91:590-591, 1997; Raj et al. Nature 582:104-108, 2020). P. falciparum glutamic-acid-rich protein (PfGARP) is an antigen of 80 kDa that is uniquely expressed on the exofacial surface of red blood cells (RBCs) infected by early-to-late-trophozoite-stage P. falciparum parasites (Raj et al. Nature 582:104-108, 2020). We have recently demonstrated that antibodies against PfGARP bind to the PfGARP displayed on the surface of P. falciparum trophozoite-infected RBCs and trigger apoptosis in the intracellular parasites (Raj et al. Nature 582:104-108, 2020). This is the first demonstration of antibody-induced apoptosis in blood-stage malaria parasites and is characterized by several conserved features such as crisis form morphology, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of integrity of food vacuole, activation of caspase-like cysteine proteases, and fragmentation of chromosomal DNA. Here we describe the assays used to detect these features of apoptosis in the mature blood stage of malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Das Mohapatra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jenna Zuromski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jonathan Kurtis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
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Flores-Cotera LB, Chávez-Cabrera C, Martínez-Cárdenas A, Sánchez S, García-Flores OU. Deciphering the mechanism by which the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma responds adaptively to environmental, nutritional, and genetic cues. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab048. [PMID: 34302341 PMCID: PMC8788774 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin (ASX), which is a powerful and highly valuable antioxidant carotenoid pigment. P. rhodozyma cells accrue ASX and gain an intense red-pink coloration when faced with stressful conditions such as nutrient limitations (e.g., nitrogen or copper), the presence of toxic substances (e.g., antimycin A), or are affected by mutations in the genes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism or respiration. Since cellular accrual of ASX occurs under a wide variety of conditions, this yeast represents a valuable model for studying the growth conditions that entail oxidative stress for yeast cells. Recently, we proposed that ASX synthesis can be largely induced by conditions that lead to reduction-oxidation (redox) imbalances, particularly the state of the NADH/NAD+ couple together with an oxidative environment. In this work, we review the multiple known conditions that elicit ASX synthesis expanding on the data that we formerly examined. When considered alongside the Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the study served to rationalize the induction of ASX synthesis and other adaptive cellular processes under a much broader set of conditions. Our aim was to propose an underlying mechanism that explains how a broad range of divergent conditions converge to induce ASX synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The mechanism that links the induction of ASX synthesis with the occurrence of NADH/NAD+ imbalances may help in understanding how other organisms detect any of a broad array of stimuli or gene mutations, and then adaptively respond to activate numerous compensatory cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Anahi Martínez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México city 04510, México
| | - Oscar Ulises García-Flores
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
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10
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NMR Reveals the Conformational Changes of Cytochrome C upon Interaction with Cardiolipin. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101031. [PMID: 34685404 PMCID: PMC8540660 DOI: 10.3390/life11101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational change of cytochrome c (cyt c) caused by interaction with cardiolipin (CL) is an important step during apoptosis, but the underlying mechanism is controversial. To comprehensively clarify the structural transformations of cyt c upon interaction with CL and avoid the unpredictable alias that might come from protein labeling or mutations, the conformation of purified yeast iso–1 cyt c with natural isotopic abundance in different contents of CL was measured by using NMR spectroscopy, in which the trimethylated group of the protein was used as a natural probe. The data demonstrate that cyt c has two partially unfolded conformations when interacted with CL: one with Fe–His33 coordination and the other with a penta–coordination heme. The Fe–His33 coordination conformation can be converted into a penta–coordination heme conformation in high content of CL. The structure of cyt c becomes partially unfolded with more exposed heme upon interaction with CL, suggesting that cyt c prefers a high peroxidase activity state in the mitochondria, which, in turn, makes CL easy to be oxidized, and causes the release of cyt c into the cytoplasm as a trigger in apoptosis.
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11
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Kim H, Lee DG. Contribution of SOS genes to H 2O 2-induced apoptosis-like death in Escherichia coli. Curr Genet 2021; 67:969-980. [PMID: 34435216 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a debriding agent that damages the microbial structure and function by generating various reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2O2-produced hydroxyl radical (OH∙) also exerts oxidative stress on microorganisms. The spread of antibiotic-resistance in bacteria is a serious issue worldwide, and greater efforts are needed to identify and characterize novel antibacterial mechanisms to develop new treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between H2O2 and Escherichia coli and to elucidate a novel antibacterial mechanism(s) of H2O2. Following H2O2 exposure, increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde indicated that H2O2 accelerates oxidation of bacterial DNA and lipids in E. coli. As oxidative damage worsened, the SOS response was triggered. Cell division arrest and resulting filamentous cells were identified in cells, indicating that LexA was involved in DNA replication. It was also verified that RecA, a representative SOS gene, helps self-cleavage of LexA and acts as a bacterial caspase-like protein. Our findings also showed that dinF is essential to preserve E. coli from H2O2-induced ROS, and furthermore, demonstrated that H2O2-induced SOS response and SOS genes participate differently in guarding E. coli from oxidative stress. As an extreme SOS response is considered apoptosis-like death (ALD) in bacteria, additional experiments were performed to examine the characteristics of ALD. DNA fragmentation and membrane depolarization appeared in H2O2-treated cells, suggesting that H2O2 causes ALD in E. coli. In conclusion, our investigations revealed that ALD is a novel antibacterial mode of action(s) of H2O2 with important contributions from SOS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesu Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
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12
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Kim H, Lee DG. Naringin-generated ROS promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:953-967. [PMID: 33934490 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Naringin is a flavonoid which has a therapeutic effect. However, the details of its antifungal mechanism have not yet been fully elucidated. This study focused on clarifying the relationship between naringin and Candida albicans, to understand its mode of antifungal action. In general, naringin is an antioxidant, but our results indicated that 1 mM naringin generates intracellular superoxide (O2 - ) and hydroxyl radicals (OH- ). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a serious impact on Ca2+ signaling and the production of mitochondrial ROS. After exposure to enhanced O2 - and OH- , mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitochondrial O2 - generation were confirmed in C. albicans. It was verified that mitochondrial O2 - transforms mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) to oxidized GSH (GSSG), leading to extreme oxidative stress in mitochondria. The previously observed Ca2+ accumulation and oxidative stress resulted in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alteration and increased mitochondrial mass. In succession, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol was detected due to MMP loss. Cytochrome c promotes the initiation of apoptosis, and further experiments were performed to assess the apoptotic hallmarks. Metacaspases activation, chromosomal condensation, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine exposure were observed, indicating that naringin induces apoptosis in C. albicans. In conclusion, our findings manifested that naringin-generated O2 - and OH- damage the mitochondria and that mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis is novel antifungal mechanism of naringin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesu Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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13
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Kwun MS, Lee HJ, Lee DG. β-amyrin-induced apoptosis in Candida albicans triggered by calcium. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:630-636. [PMID: 34281656 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens has urged researchers to discover alternatives for traditional antibiotics. β-amyrin, which is included in the category of triterpenoids extracted from plants, is known for its antimicrobial activity, although the underlying mechanism has not yet been revealed. This study was conducted to elucidate the antifungal mode of action of β-amyrin against Candida albicans. Based on the relevance between triterpenoids and oxidative molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were detected, which showed a noticeable increment. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis in the cytosol was additionally analyzed, which was supported by interactions between two. Subsequently, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increment of mitochondrial Ca2+, and ROS concentration were monitored, which suggested mitochondrial dysfunction modulated by Ca2+. Further investigation confirmed oxidative damage through glutathione reduction and DNA fragmentation. Accumulation of lethal damages resulted in the activation of caspases and externalization of phosphatidylserine, indicating the induction of yeast apoptosis by β-amyrin in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Kwun
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Ha Jung Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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14
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Tondini F, Onetto CA, Jiranek V. Early adaptation strategies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii to co-inoculation in high sugar grape must-like media. Food Microbiol 2020; 90:103463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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An Insight on the Role of Nitric Oxide in Yeast Apoptosis of Curcumin-Treated Candida albicans. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3104-3113. [PMID: 32719888 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a widely studied molecule due to its diverse biological functions. One of its activities, induction of apoptosis, is currently an area of active investigation in mammalian cells. However, there exists little information regarding the role of NO in yeast apoptosis. In an effort to investigate the mode of action by which NO induces programmed cell death in Candida albicans, we conducted a study on curcumin, a major bioactive compound, which is known as a potential apoptosis-inducing material due to several of its biological activities. First, NO generation was evaluated upon curcumin treatment. It is widely known that NO production is closely tied to cellular respiration, which is regulated by mitochondria. An increase in NO concentration leads to the inhibition of respiration and mitochondrial dysfunction. The hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction include a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential along with increased mitochondrial mass, calcium concentration and ROS generation. A specific oxidative ROS compound, superoxide ([Formula: see text]), is strongly reactive with NO to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). ONOO- disturbs intracellular redox levels, decreasing the overall ratio of glutathione (GSH). This leads to oxidative damage in C. albicans, triggering lethal DNA damage that eventually results in apoptosis. In the present study, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), was used in each experiment. In all experiments, L-NAME pre-treatment of cells blocked the effects induced by curcumin, which indicates that nitric oxide is a component of the overall mechanism. In conclusion, NO account for an indispensable position in apoptosis of curcumin-treated C. albicans.
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16
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Luo F, Zhu S, Hu Y, Yang KC, He MS, Zhu B, Wang GX, Ling F. Biocompatibility assessment of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 227:108645. [PMID: 31654831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an experimental model, the potential toxicological effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) were investigated following exposure to 0-600 mg/L for 24 h. Results revealed that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by Fe3O4-NPs with an IC50 value of 326.66 mg/L. Mortality showed a concentration-dependent increase, and the highest concentration in this study (600 mg/L) resulted in 22.30% mortality. In addition, Effects on proliferation and mortality were accounted for Fe3O4-NPs rather than iron ion released from Fe3O4-NPs. Scanning and transmission electron microscope observation showed that Fe3O4-NPs extensively attached on the cell surfaces, causing cells to deform and shrink. Moreover, Fe3O4-NPs could be internalized in S. cerevisiae cells via endocytosis and then be distributed in cytoplasm and vesicles. The data of uptake kinetics demonstrated that the maximal accumulation (4.898 mg/g) was reached at 15 h. Besides, percentage of late apoptosis/necrosis was observably increased (p < 0.01) at 600 mg/L (15.80%), and the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (SOD, Yca1 and Nuc1) were dramatically increased following exposure to Fe3O4-NPs for 24 h. As expected, mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) at 50-600 mg/L, and biomarkers of oxidative stress (ROS, CAT and SOD) were also markedly changed following exposure. Altogether, the combined results so far indicated Fe3O4-NPs could induce S. cerevisiae cell apoptosis that mediated by mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ke-Chen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mao-Sheng He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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17
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FSH1 overexpression triggers apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1775-1784. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Atalay PB, Çavuşoğlu EE, Aşci Ö, Aygüneş D. Examining the involvement of Slx5 in the apoptotic response to chronic activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:189-197. [PMID: 31320817 PMCID: PMC6620037 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1812-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents represent one of the most successful groups of anticancer drugs used in cancer therapy today. These drugs induce a prolonged mitotic arrest through chronic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation. Apoptosis, an outcome of the prolonged mitotic arrest, is the main mechanism by which these anticancer drugs kill cancer cells. However, not much is known about the mechanism that directs chronic SAC activation to apoptosis among other possible outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Slx5, a sumo-targeted ubiquitin E3 ligase, is involved in directing chronic SAC activation to apoptosis. We show that chronic SAC activation triggered by a 10-h nocodazole incubation leads to a prolonged mitotic arrest in the slx5Δ strain similar to wild type (WT). However, the proportion of cells displaying apoptotic features such as nuclear fragmentation, DNA fragmentation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were increased more in the WT strain during the chronic SAC activation compared to slx5Δ, indicating that Slx5 may be involved in the chronic SAC-activation-apoptosis relation. We also showed that the possible role of Slx5 in the chronic SAC activation-apoptosis association was not through ubiquitin dependent degradation of 3 apoptosis-related and sumoylated candidate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Buket Atalay
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ergin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Maltepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Öykü Aşci
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Maltepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aygüneş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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19
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Khan Z, Nisar MA, Muzammil S, Zafar S, Zerr I, Rehman A. Cadmium induces GAPDH- and- MDH mediated delayed cell aging and dysfunction in Candida tropicalis 3Aer. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:490. [PMID: 31297613 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotes employ various mechanisms to survive environmental stress conditions. Multicellular organisms eliminate permanently damaged cells by apoptosis, while unicellular eukaryotes like yeast react by decelerating cell aging. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of delayed apoptosis. Our findings suggest that Candida tropicalis 3Aer has a set of tightly controlled genes that are activated under Cd+2 exposition. Acute exposure to Cd+2 halts the cell cycle at the G2/M phase checkpoint and activates multiple cytoplasmic proteins that overcome effects of Cd+2-induced reactive oxygen species. Prolonged Cd+2 stress damages DNA and initiates GAPDH amyloid formation. This is the first report that Cd+2 challenge initiates dynamic redistribution of GAPDH and MDH and alters various metabolic pathways including the pentose phosphate pathway. In conclusion, the intracellular redistribution of GAPDH and MDH induced by prolonged cadmium stress modulates various cellular reactions, which facilitate delayed aging in the yeast cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaman Khan
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology (UIMLT), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences (FAHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Nisar
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, Georg-August University, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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20
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Julák J, Scholtz V, Vaňková E. Medically important biofilms and non-thermal plasma. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:178. [PMID: 30456518 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the non-thermal plasma, i.e. partially or completely ionized gas produced by electric discharges at ambient temperature, has become of interest for its microbiocidal properties with potential of use in the food industry or medicine. Recently, this interest focuses not only on the planktonic forms of microorganisms but also on their biofilms. The works in this interdisciplinary field are summarized in this review. The wide range of biofilm-plasma interactions is divided into studies of general plasma action on bacteria, on biofilm and on its oral and dental application; a short overview of plasma instrumentation is also included. In addition, not only biofilm combating but also an important area of biofilm prevention is discussed. Various DC discharges of the point-to-plane type. Author's photograph, published in Khun et al. (Plasma Sources Sci Technol 27:065002, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Julák
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vaňková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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21
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Yeast molecular chaperone gene SSB2 is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:589-598. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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From nutraceutical to clinical trial: frontiers in Ganoderma development. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9037-9051. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Kim S, Lee DG. Oxyresveratrol-induced DNA cleavage triggers apoptotic response in Candida albicans. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:1112-1121. [PMID: 30024372 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol is a naturally occurring phytoalexin produced by plants in response to infection. Biological activities of oxyresveratrol have been studied such as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammation. However, further antimicrobial activity and its mechanism need to be investigated. This study exhibited growth inhibition against pathogenic fungi and investigated its mode of action. Oxyresveratrol inflicted cleavage on DNA, leading to G2/M phase arrest. DNA damage by oxyresveratrol was not the result of oxidative stress but it was triggered by direct binding to DNA. Oxyresveratrol-treated cells showed an apoptotic pathway characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure, apoptotic volume decrease and metacaspase activation. Mitochondria-associated apoptotic features also appeared. Oxyresveratrol-induced Ca2+ overload led to mitochondrial membrane depolarization and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. In conclusion, oxyresveratrol with DNA-binding affinity induces DNA cleavage, and eventually leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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24
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Barreto LR, Barreto T, Melo S, Pungartnik C, Brendel M. Sensitivity of Yeast Mutants Deficient in Mitochondrial or Vacuolar ABC Transporters to Pathogenesis-Related Protein TcPR-10 of Theobroma cacao. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7020035. [PMID: 29899284 PMCID: PMC6022951 DOI: 10.3390/biology7020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) are induced in plants after infection by pathogens and/or abiotic stress. Among these proteins, the family 10 (PR-10) influences the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and shows antimicrobial ribonuclease activity. TcPR-10p (Pathogenesis-related Protein 10 of Theobroma cacao) was isolated from resistant and susceptible Moniliophthora perniciosa cacao cultivars. Cell survival with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant lines deficient in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins indicated the influence on resistance to TcPR-10p. Proteins of the ABC transport type are considered important in the process of resistance to antimicrobials and toxins. Thus, the objective of this work was to observe the sensitivity of ABC transporter yeast mutants in the presence of the TcPR-10p. Chronic exposure of S. cerevisiae mitochondrial (BYatm1Δ and BYmdl1Δ) and vacuole (BYnft1Δ, BYvmr1Δ, BYybt1Δ, BYycf1Δ and BYbpt1Δ) ABC transporter mutants to TcPR-10p (3 μg/mL, 0, 6, 12 and 24 h) was performed. Two TcPR-10p sensitive strains (BYmdl1Δ and BYnft1Δ) were submitted to a fluorescence test with the fluorogenic dihydroethidium (DHE), to visualize the presence of oxidative stress in the cells. Oxidative stress-increased sensitivity was confirmed by flow cytometry indicating induced cell death either via apoptosis or necrosis. This yeast data combined with previous data of literature (of M. perniciosa sensitivity to TcPR-10p) show that increased sensitivity to TcPR-10p in these mutants could be due to the TcPR10p-generated higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to increased cell death either via necrosis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R Barreto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
| | - Thayná Barreto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Pungartnik
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
| | - Martin Brendel
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, CEP 42665-000, Brazil.
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25
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Muñoz-Arellano AJ, Chen X, Molt A, Meza E, Petranovic D. Different Expression Levels of Human Mutant Ubiquitin B +1 (UBB +1) Can Modify Chronological Lifespan or Stress Resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:200. [PMID: 29950972 PMCID: PMC6008557 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main pathway responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins, and its dysregulation has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). UBB+1, a mutant variant of ubiquitin B, was found to accumulate in neurons of AD patients and it has been linked to UPS dysfunction and neuronal death. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, we constitutively expressed UBB+1 to evaluate its effects on proteasome function and cell death, particularly under conditions of chronological aging. We showed that the expression of UBB+1 caused inhibition of the three proteasomal proteolytic activities (caspase-like (β1), trypsin-like (β2) and chymotrypsin-like (β5) activities) in yeast. Interestingly, this inhibition did not alter cell viability of growing cells. Moreover, we showed that cells expressing UBB+1 at lower level displayed an increased capacity to degrade induced misfolded proteins. When we evaluated cells during chronological aging, UBB+1 expression at lower level, prevented cells to accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and avert apoptosis, dramatically increasing yeast life span. Since proteasome inhibition by UBB+1 has previously been shown to induce chaperone expression and thus protect against stress, we evaluated our UBB+1 model under heat shock and oxidative stress. Higher expression of UBB+1 caused thermotolerance in yeast due to induction of chaperones, which occurred to a lesser extent at lower expression level of UBB+1 (where we observed the phenotype of extended life span). Altering UPS capacity by differential expression of UBB+1 protects cells against several stresses during chronological aging. This system can be valuable to study the effects of UBB+1 on misfolded proteins involved in neurodegeneration and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Joyce Muñoz-Arellano
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Molt
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eugenio Meza
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ancestral State Reconstruction of the Apoptosis Machinery in the Common Ancestor of Eukaryotes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:2121-2134. [PMID: 29703784 PMCID: PMC5982838 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is a type of eukaryotic cell death. In animals, it regulates development, is involved in cancer suppression, and causes cell death during pathological aging of neuronal cells in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Mitochondrial apoptotic-like cell death, a form of primordial apoptosis, also occurs in unicellular organisms. Here, we ask the question why the apoptosis machinery has been acquired and maintained in unicellular organisms and attempt to answer it by performing ancestral state reconstruction. We found indications of an ancient evolutionary arms race between protomitochondria and host cells, leading to the establishment of the currently existing apoptotic pathways. According to this reconstruction, the ancestral protomitochondrial apoptosis machinery contained both caspases and metacaspases, four types of apoptosis induction factors (AIFs), both fungal and animal OMI/HTR proteases, and various apoptotic DNases. This leads to the prediction that in extant unicellular eukaryotes, the apoptotic factors are involved in mitochondrial respiration and their activity is needed exclusively in aerobic conditions. We test this prediction experimentally using yeast and find that a loss of the main apoptotic factors is beneficial under anaerobic conditions yet deleterious under aerobic conditions in the absence of lethal stimuli. We also point out potential medical implications of these findings.
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Lee B, Lee DG. Depletion of reactive oxygen species induced by chlorogenic acid triggers apoptosis-like death in Escherichia coli. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:605-615. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1456658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Lee W, Lee DG. A novel mechanism of fluconazole: fungicidal activity through dose-dependent apoptotic responses in Candida albicans. Microbiology (Reading) 2018; 164:194-204. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
This chapter describes techniques for characterizing metazoan apoptotic pathways using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Active forms of the major apoptotic effectors-caspases, Bax and Bak-are all lethal to yeast. Using this lethality as a readout of caspase/Bax/Bak activity, proteins and small molecules that directly or indirectly regulate the activity of these effectors can be investigated in yeast, and apoptotic inhibitors can be identified using functional yeast-based screens. Caspase activity can also be monitored in yeast by cleavage-dependent liberation of a transcription factor from the plasma membrane, enabling it to activate the lacZ reporter gene. This system can be used to define the sequences that can be efficiently cleaved by particular caspases.
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Çavuşoğlu BK, Yurttaş L, Cantürk Z. The synthesis, antifungal and apoptotic effects of triazole-oxadiazoles against Candida species. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:255-261. [PMID: 29274492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In search of potent and safe antifungal agents, herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of triazole-oxadiazole compounds. The structural verification of the molecules was carried out by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The in vitro antifungal and apoptotic activity were investigated against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. glabrata. The compounds namely N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-[(5-(2-((4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide (4e) and N-(6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[(5-(2-((4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)ethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide (4i) were detected as the most potent compounds against C. albicans and C. glabrata (MIC90 = 62.5 μg/mL). According to studies on their mechanism of action, it was confirmed that compound 4i has apoptotic effect on four Candida via Annexin V-PI with flow cytometry. The MTT assay revealed that all compounds were determined to be non-toxic against healthy cells in the tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Cantürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Schmidt S, Tramsen L, Lehrnbecher T. Natural Killer Cells in Antifungal Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1623. [PMID: 29213274 PMCID: PMC5702641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are still an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients such as patients suffering from hematological malignancies or patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantion. In addition, other populations such as human immunodeficiency virus-patients are at higher risk for invasive fungal infection. Despite the availability of new antifungal compounds and better supportive care measures, the fatality rate of invasive fungal infection remained unacceptably high. It is therefore of major interest to improve our understanding of the host-pathogen interaction to develop new therapeutic approaches such as adoptive immunotherapy. As experimental methodologies have improved and we now better understand the complex network of the immune system, the insight in the interaction of the host with the fungus has significantly increased. It has become clear that host resistance to fungal infections is not only associated with strong innate immunity but that adaptive immunity (e.g., T cells) also plays an important role. The antifungal activity of natural killer (NK) cells has been underestimated for a long time. In vitro studies demonstrated that NK cells from murine and human origin are able to attack fungi of different genera and species. NK cells exhibit not only a direct antifungal activity via cytotoxic molecules but also an indirect antifungal activity via cytokines. However, it has been show that fungi exert immunosuppressive effects on NK cells. Whereas clinical data are scarce, animal models have clearly demonstrated that NK cells play an important role in the host response against invasive fungal infections. In this review, we summarize clinical data as well as results from in vitro and animal studies on the impact of NK cells on fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Schmidt
- Division for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lars Tramsen
- Division for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Division for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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32
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Zhao RY. Yeast for virus research. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2017; 4:311-330. [PMID: 29082230 PMCID: PMC5657823 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.10.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) are two popular model organisms for virus research. They are natural hosts for viruses as they carry their own indigenous viruses. Both yeasts have been used for studies of plant, animal and human viruses. Many positive sense (+) RNA viruses and some DNA viruses replicate with various levels in yeasts, thus allowing study of those viral activities during viral life cycle. Yeasts are single cell eukaryotic organisms. Hence, many of the fundamental cellular functions such as cell cycle regulation or programed cell death are highly conserved from yeasts to higher eukaryotes. Therefore, they are particularly suited to study the impact of those viral activities on related cellular activities during virus-host interactions. Yeasts present many unique advantages in virus research over high eukaryotes. Yeast cells are easy to maintain in the laboratory with relative short doubling time. They are non-biohazardous, genetically amendable with small genomes that permit genome-wide analysis of virologic and cellular functions. In this review, similarities and differences of these two yeasts are described. Studies of virologic activities such as viral translation, viral replication and genome-wide study of virus-cell interactions in yeasts are highlighted. Impacts of viral proteins on basic cellular functions such as cell cycle regulation and programed cell death are discussed. Potential applications of using yeasts as hosts to carry out functional analysis of small viral genome and to develop high throughput drug screening platform for the discovery of antiviral drugs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Global Health, and Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Zhu S, Luo F, Zhu B, Wang GX. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress mediated apoptosis induced by α-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:719-728. [PMID: 30090539 PMCID: PMC6062213 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential toxicity of α-Fe2O3-NPs was investigated using a unicellular eukaryote model, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). The results showed that cell viability and proliferation were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) following exposure to 100-600 mg L-1 for 24 h. The IC50 and LC50 values were 352 and 541 mg L-1, respectively. Toxic effects were attributed to α-Fe2O3-NPs rather than iron ions released from the NPs. α-Fe2O3-NPs were accumulated in the vacuole and cytoplasm, and the maximum accumulation (3.95 mg g-1) was reached at 12 h. About 48.6% of cells underwent late apoptosis/necrosis at 600 mg L-1, and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) at 50-600 mg L-1. Biomarkers of oxidative stress [reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Yca1, Nma111, Nuc1 and SOD) were significantly changed after exposure. These combined results indicated that α-Fe2O3-NPs were rapidly internalized in S. cerevisiae, and the accumulated NPs induced cell apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
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34
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Yeast caspase-dependent apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 induced by antifungal and potential antitumor agent clotrimazole. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:97-106. [PMID: 28819786 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections. There is also promising research on using clotrimazole against other diseases such as malaria, beriberi, tineapedis and cancer. It was aimed to investigate the apoptotic phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by clotrimazole. The exposure of S. cerevisiae to 10 µM clotrimazole for 3, 6 and 9 h caused to decrease in cell viability by 24.82 ± 0.81, 56.00 ± 1.54 and 77.59 ± 0.53%, respectively. It was shown by Annexin V-PI assay that 110 µM clotrimazole treatment caused to death by 35.5 ± 2.48% apoptotic and only 13.1 ± 0.08% necrotic pathway within 30 min. The occurrence of DNA strand breaks and condensation could be visualised by the TUNEL and DAPI stainings, respectively. Yeast caspase activity was induced 12.34 ± 0.71-fold after 110 µM clotrimazole treatment for 30 min compared to the control. The dependency of clotrimazole-induced apoptosis to caspase was also shown using Δyca1 mutant.
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35
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Zhu S, Luo F, Zhu B, Wang GX. Toxicological effects of graphene oxide on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:535-543. [PMID: 30090522 PMCID: PMC6060721 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an experimental model, the potential toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) was evaluated following exposure to 0-600 mg L-1 for 24 h. The results showed that cell proliferation was observably inhibited and the IC50 value was 352.704 mg L-1. Mortality showed a concentration-dependent increase, and was 19.3% at 600 mg L-1. A small number of cells were deformed and shrunken after exposure. The percentage of late apoptosis/necrosis showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) at 600 mg L-1 (19.16%) compared with the control (1.14%). The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) at 50-600 mg L-1, indicating that the apoptosis was related to mitochondrial impairment. Moreover, ROS was observably increased (p < 0.01) at 200, 400 and 600 mg L-1. The expressions of apoptosis-related genes (SOD, Yca1, Nma111 and Nuc1) were significantly changed. The results presented so far indicate that GO has the potential to cause adverse effects on organisms when released into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 29 87092102
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36
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NK Cells and Their Role in Invasive Mold Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3020025. [PMID: 29371543 PMCID: PMC5715926 DOI: 10.3390/jof3020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Natural Killer (NK) cells exhibit in vitro activity against both Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus molds. Cytotoxic molecules such as NK cell-derived perforin seem to play an important role in the antifungal activity. In addition, NK cells release a number of cytokines upon stimulation by fungi, which modulate both innate and adaptive host immune responses. Whereas the in vitro data of the antifungal activity of NK cells are supported by animal studies, clinical data are scarce to date.
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37
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Zhu M, Liu P, Niu ZW. A perspective on general direction and challenges facing antimicrobial peptides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Induction of apoptosis and ganoderic acid biosynthesis by cAMP signaling in Ganoderma lucidum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:318. [PMID: 28336949 PMCID: PMC5428012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential physiological process that controls many important biological functions. However, apoptosis signaling in relation to secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants and fungi remains a mystery. The fungus Ganoderma lucidum is a popular herbal medicine worldwide, but the biosynthetic regulation of its active ingredients (ganoderic acids, GAs) is poorly understood. We investigated the role of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in fungal apoptosis and GA biosynthesis in G. lucidum. Two phosphodiesterase inhibitors (caffeine and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, IBMX) and an adenylate cyclase activator (sodium fluoride, NaF) were used to increase intracellular cAMP levels. Fungal apoptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and a condensed nuclear morphology. Our results showed that GA production and fungal apoptosis were induced when the mycelium was treated with NaF, caffeine, or cAMP/IBMX. Downregulation of squalene synthase and lanosterol synthase gene expression by cAMP was detected in the presence of these chemicals, which indicates that these two genes are not critical for GA induction. Transcriptome analysis indicated that mitochondria might play an important role in cAMP-induced apoptosis and GA biosynthesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal that cAMP signaling induces apoptosis and secondary metabolite production in fungi.
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Role of potassium channels in chlorogenic acid-induced apoptotic volume decrease and cell cycle arrest in Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:585-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Wang C, Lü P, Zhong S, Chen H, Zhou B. LcMCII-1 is involved in the ROS-dependent senescence of the rudimentary leaves of Litchi chinensis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:89-102. [PMID: 27682163 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE LcMCII - 1 is a type II metacaspase. Over-expression of LcMCII- 1 in Arabidopsis promoted ROS-dependent and natural senescence. Virus-induced LcMCII- 1 silencing delayed the ROS-dependent senescence of the rudimentary leaves of Litchi chinensis . Litchi is an evergreen woody fruit tree that is widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions. Its floral buds are mixed with axillary or apical panicle primordia, leaf primordia and rudimentary leaves. A low spring temperature is vital for litchi production as it promotes the abscission of the rudimentary leaves, which could otherwise prevent panicle development. Hence, climate change could present additional challenges for litchi production. We previously reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can substitute low-temperature treatment to induce the senescence of rudimentary leaves. We have now identified from RNA-Seq data a litchi type II metacaspase gene, LcMCII-1, that is responsive to ROS. Silencing LcMCII-1 by virus-induced gene silencing delayed ROS-dependent senescence. The ectopic over-expression of LcMCII-1 in transgenic Arabidopsis promoted ROS-dependent and natural senescence. Consistently, the transient expression of LcMCII-1 in tobacco leaf by agroinfiltration resulted in leaf yellowing. Our findings demonstrate that LcMCII-1 is positively involved in the regulation of rudimentary leaf senescence in litchi and provide a new target for the future molecular breeding of new cultivars that can set fruit in warmer climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Peitao Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Houbin Chen
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Biyan Zhou
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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41
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Li X, Yu C, Huang X, Sun S. Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms of Budesonide in Combination with Fluconazole against Resistant Candida albicans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168936. [PMID: 28006028 PMCID: PMC5179115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an important opportunistic pathogen, causing both superficial mucosal infections and life-threatening systemic diseases in the clinic. The emergence of drug resistance in Candida albicans has become a noteworthy phenomenon due to the extensive use of antifungal agents and the development of biofilms. This study showed that budesonide potentiates the antifungal effect of fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, our results demonstrated, for the first time, that the combination of fluconazole and budesonide can reverse the resistance of Candida albicans by inhibiting the function of drug transporters, reducing the formation of biofilms, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting the activity of extracellular phospholipases. This is the first study implicating the effects and mechanisms of budesonide against Candida albicans alone or in combination with fluconazole, which may ultimately lead to the identification of new potential antifungal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuixiang Yu
- Respiration Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Pharmaceutical Department, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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42
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Izydor M, Hainthaler M, Gaipl US, Frey B, Schlücker E. Static and Dynamic, but not Pulsed High-Pressure Treatment Efficiently Inactivates Yeast. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Yun J, Lee DG. A novel fungal killing mechanism of propionic acid. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow089. [PMID: 27707757 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid (PPA) is a weak acid that has been used in food products as a preservative because of its inhibitory effect on microorganisms. In the present study, we investigated the PPA fungal killing mechanism, which showed apoptotic features. First, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and metacaspase activation were detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and CaspACE FITC-VAD-FMK staining, respectively. Increased fluorescence intensities were observed following exposure to PPA, indicating that PPA produced an oxidative environment through the generation of ROS and activation of metacaspase, which can promote apoptosis signaling. We also examined phosphatidylserine externalization (an early apoptosis marker) and DNA and nuclear fragmentation (late apoptosis markers) after exposure to PPA. Based on the results, we determined that PPA exerts its antifungal effect by inducing apoptotic cell death. Moreover, three additional mitochondrial experiments showed mitochondrial membrane depolarization, calcium accumulation and cytochrome c release after cells were exposed to PPA, indicating that the PPA-induced apoptosis pathway is mediated by mitochondria. In conclusion, PPA induces fungal cell death through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the preservative effects of PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Yun
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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44
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Deng MY, Sun YH, Li P, Fu B, Shen D, Lu YJ. The phytopathogenic virulent effector protein RipI induces apoptosis in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicon 2016; 121:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Petitjean M, Teste MA, Léger-Silvestre I, François JM, Parrou JL. RETRACTED:A new function for the yeast trehalose-6P synthase (Tps1) protein, as key pro-survival factor during growth, chronological ageing, and apoptotic stress. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:234-246. [PMID: 27507670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of Marie-Ange Teste, Isabelle Léger-Silvestre, Jean M François and Jean-Luc Parrou. Marjorie Petitjean could not be reached.
The corresponding author identified major issues and brought them to the attention of the Journal.
These issues span from significant errors in the Material and Methods section of the article and major flaws in cytometry data analysis to data fabrication on the part of one of the authors.
Given these errors, the retracting authors state that the only responsible course of action would be to retract the article, to respect scientific integrity and maintain the standards and rigor of literature from the retracting authors' group as well as the Journal.
The retracting authors sincerely apologize to the readers and editors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Ange Teste
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Léger-Silvestre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean M François
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrou
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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46
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Cell-cycle involvement in autophagy and apoptosis in yeast. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:211-224. [PMID: 27450768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis are two eukaryotic processes required to ensure maintenance of genomic integrity, especially in response to DNA damage. The ease with which yeast, amongst other eukaryotes, can switch from cellular proliferation to cell death may be the result of a common set of biochemical factors which play dual roles depending on the cell's physiological state. A wide variety of homologues are shared between different yeasts and metazoans and this conservation confirms their importance. This review gives an overview of key molecular players involved in yeast cell-cycle regulation, and those involved in mechanisms which are induced by cell-cycle dysregulation. One such mechanism is autophagy which, depending on the severity and type of DNA damage, may either contribute to the cell's survival or death. Cell-cycle dysregulation due to checkpoint deficiency leads to mitotic catastrophe which in turn leads to programmed cell death. Molecular players implicated in the yeast apoptotic pathway were shown to play important roles in the cell cycle. These include the metacaspase Yca1p, the caspase-like protein Esp1p, the cohesin subunit Mcd1p, as well as the inhibitor of apoptosis protein Bir1p. The roles of these molecular players are discussed.
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Andrés MT, Acosta-Zaldívar M, Fierro JF. Antifungal Mechanism of Action of Lactoferrin: Identification of H+-ATPase (P3A-Type) as a New Apoptotic-Cell Membrane Receptor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4206-16. [PMID: 27139463 PMCID: PMC4914641 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03130-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLf) is a protein of the innate immune system which induces an apoptotic-like process in yeast. Determination of the susceptibility to lactoferrin of several yeast species under different metabolic conditions, respiratory activity, cytoplasmic ATP levels, and external medium acidification mediated by glucose assays suggested plasma membrane Pma1p (P3A-type ATPase) as the hLf molecular target. The inhibition of plasma membrane ATPase activity by hLf and the identification of Pma1p as the hLf-binding membrane protein confirmed the previous physiological evidence. Consistent with this, cytoplasmic ATP levels progressively increased in hLf-treated Candida albicans cells. However, oligomycin, a specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial F-type ATPase proton pump (mtATPase), abrogated the antifungal activity of hLf, indicating a crucial role for mtATPase in the apoptotic process. We suggest that lactoferrin targeted plasma membrane Pma1p H(+)-ATPase, perturbing the cytoplasmic ion homeostasis (i.e., cytoplasmic H(+) accumulation and subsequent K(+) efflux) and inducing a lethal mitochondrial dysfunction. This initial event involved a normal mitochondrial ATP synthase activity responsible for both the ATP increment and subsequent hypothetical mitochondrial proton flooding process. We conclude that human lactoferrin inhibited Pma1p H(+)-ATPase, inducing an apoptotic-like process in metabolically active yeast. Involvement of mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase (nonreverted) was essential for the progress of this programmed cell death in which the ionic homeostasis perturbation seems to precede classical nonionic apoptotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Andrés
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, School of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maikel Acosta-Zaldívar
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, School of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José F Fierro
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, School of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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48
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Yun J, Lee DG. Cecropin A-induced apoptosis is regulated by ion balance and glutathione antioxidant system inCandida albicans. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:652-62. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Yun
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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49
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Sinha D, Srivastava S, D'Silva P. Functional Diversity of Human Mitochondrial J-proteins Is Independent of Their Association with the Inner Membrane Presequence Translocase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17345-59. [PMID: 27330077 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial J-proteins play a critical role in governing Hsp70 activity and, hence, are essential for organellar protein translocation and folding. In contrast to yeast, which has a single J-protein Pam18, humans involve two J-proteins, DnaJC15 and DnaJC19, associated with contrasting cellular phenotype, to transport proteins into the mitochondria. Mutation in DnaJC19 results in dilated cardiomyopathy and ataxia syndrome, whereas expression of DnaJC15 regulates the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy. In the present study we have comparatively assessed the biochemical properties of the J-protein paralogs in relation to their association with the import channel. Both DnaJC15 and DnaJC19 formed two distinct subcomplexes with Magmas at the import channel. Knockdown analysis suggested an essential role for Magmas and DnaJC19 in organellar protein translocation and mitochondria biogenesis, whereas DnaJC15 had dispensable supportive function. The J-proteins were found to have equal affinity for Magmas and could stimulate mitochondrial Hsp70 ATPase activity by equivalent levels. Interestingly, we observed that DnaJC15 exhibits bifunctional properties. At the translocation channel, it involves conserved interactions and mechanism to translocate the precursors into mitochondria. In addition to protein transport, DnaJC15 also showed a dual role in yeast where its expression elicited enhanced sensitivity of cells to cisplatin that required the presence of a functional J-domain. The amount of DnaJC15 expressed in the cell was directly proportional to the sensitivity of cells. Our analysis indicates that the differential cellular phenotype displayed by human mitochondrial J-proteins is independent of their activity and association with Magmas at the translocation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanjan Sinha
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhi Srivastava
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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50
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Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Regulated cell death and adaptive stress responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2405-10. [PMID: 27048813 PMCID: PMC11108439 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells react to potentially dangerous perturbations of the intracellular or extracellular microenvironment by activating rapid (transcription-independent) mechanisms that attempt to restore homeostasis. If such perturbations persist, cells may still try to cope with stress by activating delayed and robust (transcription-dependent) adaptive systems, or they may actively engage in cellular suicide. This regulated form of cell death can manifest with various morphological, biochemical and immunological correlates, and constitutes an ultimate attempt of stressed cells to maintain organismal homeostasis. Here, we dissect the general organization of adaptive cellular responses to stress, their intimate connection with regulated cell death, and how the latter operates for the preservation of organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- U1138, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, 75006, Paris, France.
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006, Paris, France.
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- U1138, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- U1138, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- U1138, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, 75006, Paris, France.
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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