1
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Areitio M, Antoran A, Rodriguez-Erenaga O, Aparicio-Fernandez L, Martin-Souto L, Buldain I, Zaldibar B, Ruiz-Gaitan A, Pemán J, Rementeria A, Ramirez-Garcia A. Identification of the Most Immunoreactive Antigens of Candida auris to IgGs from Systemic Infections in Mice. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1634-1648. [PMID: 38572994 PMCID: PMC11077488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The delay in making a correct diagnosis of Candida auris causes concern in the healthcare system setting, and immunoproteomics studies are important to identify immunoreactive proteins for new diagnostic strategies. In this study, immunocompetent murine systemic infections caused by non-aggregative and aggregative phenotypes of C. auris and by Candida albicans and Candida haemulonii were carried out, and the obtained sera were used to study their immunoreactivity against C. auris proteins. The results showed higher virulence, in terms of infection signs, weight loss, and histopathological damage, of the non-aggregative isolate. Moreover, C. auris was less virulent than C. albicans but more than C. haemulonii. Regarding the immunoproteomics study, 13 spots recognized by sera from mice infected with both C. auris phenotypes and analyzed by mass spectrometry corresponded to enolase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate mutase. These four proteins were also recognized by sera obtained from human patients with disseminated C. auris infection but not by sera obtained from mice infected with C. albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus. Spot identification data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD049077. In conclusion, this study showed that the identified proteins could be potential candidates to be studied as new diagnostic or even therapeutic targets for C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Areitio
- Department
of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Aitziber Antoran
- Department
of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Oier Rodriguez-Erenaga
- Department
of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Aparicio-Fernandez
- Department
of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Martin-Souto
- Department
of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Idoia Buldain
- Department
of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Beñat Zaldibar
- CBET
Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine
Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alba Ruiz-Gaitan
- Microbiology
Department, University and Polytechnic La
Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Pemán
- Microbiology
Department, University and Polytechnic La
Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitor Rementeria
- Department
of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Department
of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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2
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Rick EM, Woolnough K, Richardson M, Monteiro W, Craner M, Bourne M, Cousins DJ, Swoboda I, Wardlaw AJ, Pashley CH. Identification of allergens from Aspergillus fumigatus-Potential association with lung damage in asthma. Allergy 2024; 79:1208-1218. [PMID: 38334146 DOI: 10.1111/all.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component-resolved diagnosis allows detection of IgE sensitization having the advantage of reproducibility and standardization compared to crude extracts. The main disadvantage of the traditional allergen identification methods, 1- or 2-dimensional western blotting and screening of expression cDNA libraries with patients' IgEs, is that the native structure of the protein is not necessarily maintained. METHODS We used a novel immunoprecipitation technique in combination with mass spectrometry to identify new allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus. Magnetic Dynabeads coupled with anti-human IgE antibodies were used to purify human serum IgE and subsequently allergens from A. fumigatus protein extract. RESULTS Of the 184 proteins detected by subsequent mass peptide fingerprinting, a subset of 13 were recombinantly expressed and purified. In a panel of 52 A. fumigatus-sensitized people with asthma, 23 non-fungal-sensitized asthmatics and 18 healthy individuals, only the former showed an IgE reaction by immunoblotting and/or ELISA. We discovered 11 proteins not yet described as A. fumigatus allergens, with fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class II (FBA2) (33%), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (31%) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (27%) being the most prevalent. With respect to these three allergens, native versus denatured protein assays indicated a better recognition of the native proteins. Seven of 11 allergens fulfilled the WHO/IUIS criteria and were accepted as new A. fumigatus allergens. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we introduce a straightforward method of allergen identification from complex allergenic sources such as A. fumigatus by immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry, which has the advantage over traditional methods of identifying allergens by maintaining the structure of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Rick
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Aerobiology and Mycology Group, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel Sulfeld, Germany
| | - Kerry Woolnough
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew Richardson
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - William Monteiro
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Michelle Craner
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Michelle Bourne
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - David John Cousins
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Aerobiology and Mycology Group, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Competence Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Section, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew John Wardlaw
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Aerobiology and Mycology Group, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine Helen Pashley
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Aerobiology and Mycology Group, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre - Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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3
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Zhu L, Liu H, Li X, Shi Y, Yin X, Pi X. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae from Rana nigromaculata. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38459435 PMCID: PMC10921761 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae strain FS91703 was isolated from Rana nigromaculata in our previous study. To investigate the genomic characteristics, pathogenicity-related genes, antimicrobial resistance, and phylogenetic relationship of this strain, PacBio RS II and Illumina HiSeq 2000 platforms were used for the whole genome sequencing. The genome size of strain FS91703 was 5,435,691 bp and GC content was 37.78%. A total of 4,951 coding genes were predicted; 99 potential virulence factors homologs were identified. Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes revealed that strain FS91703 harbored 10 antibiotic resistance genes in 6 categories and 2 multidrug-resistant efflux pump genes, including adeG and farA. Strain FS91703 was sensitive to β-lactam combination drugs, cephem, monobactam and carbapenems, intermediately resistant to phenicol, and resistant to penicillin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, and folate pathway inhibitors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain FS91703 and C. arthrosphaerae CC-VM-7T were on the same branch of the phylogenetic tree based on 16 S rRNA; the ANI value between them was 96.99%; and the DDH values were 80.2, 72.2 and 81.6% by three default calculation formulae. These results suggested that strain FS91703 was a species of C. arthrosphaerae. Pan-genome analysis showed FS91703 had 566 unique genes compared with 13 other C. arthrosphaerae strains, and had a distant phylogenetic relationship with the other C. arthrosphaerae strains of the same branch in phylogenetic tree based on orthologous genes. The results of this study suggest that strain FS91703 is a multidrug-resistant and highly virulent bacterium, that differs from other C. arthrosphaerae strains at the genomic level. The knowledge about the genomic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of strain FS91703 provides valuable insights into this rare species, as well as guidance for the treatment of the disease caused by FS91703 in Rana nigromaculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuefeng Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yin
- Business Integrated Services Center of Donghu Town, Shaoxing City in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Shaoxing, 312001, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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4
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Lim SJ, Muhd Noor ND, Sabri S, Mohamad Ali MS, Salleh AB, Oslan SN. Bibliometric analysis and thematic review of Candida pathogenesis: Fundamental omics to applications as potential antifungal drugs and vaccines. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myad126. [PMID: 38061839 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis caused by the pathogenic Candida yeast species has resulted in elevating global mortality. The pathogenicity of Candida spp. is not only originated from its primary invasive yeast-to-hyphal transition; virulence factors (transcription factors, adhesins, invasins, and enzymes), biofilm, antifungal drug resistance, stress tolerance, and metabolic adaptation have also contributed to a greater clinical burden. However, the current research theme in fungal pathogenicity could hardly be delineated with the increasing research output. Therefore, our study analysed the research trends in Candida pathogenesis over the past 37 years via a bibliometric approach against the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Based on the 3993 unique documents retrieved, significant international collaborations among researchers were observed, especially between Germany (Bernhard Hube) and the UK (Julian Naglik), whose focuses are on Candida proteinases, adhesins, and candidalysin. The prominent researchers (Neils Gow, Alistair Brown, and Frank Odds) at the University of Exeter and the University of Aberdeen (second top performing affiliation) UK contribute significantly to the mechanisms of Candida adaptation, tolerance, and stress response. However, the science mapping of co-citation analysis performed herein could not identify a hub representative of subsequent work since the clusters were semi-redundant. The co-word analysis that was otherwise adopted, revealed three research clusters; the cluster-based thematic analyses indicated the severeness of Candida biofilm and antifungal resistance as well as the elevating trend on molecular mechanism elucidation for drug screening and repurposing. Importantly, the in vivo pathogen adaptation and interactions with hosts are crucial for potential vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Jie Lim
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Dina Muhd Noor
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Salleh
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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5
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Rovetta-Nogueira SDM, Borges AC, de Oliveira Filho M, Nishime TMC, Hein LRDO, Kostov KG, Koga-Ito CY. Helium Cold Atmospheric Plasma Causes Morphological and Biochemical Alterations in Candida albicans Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7919. [PMID: 38067648 PMCID: PMC10707892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous studies reported the promising inhibitory effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on Candida albicans. However, the exact mechanisms of CAP's action on the fungal cell are still poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the CAP effect on C. albicans cell wall, by evaluating the alterations on its structure and biochemical composition; (2) Methods: C. albicans cells treated with Helium-CAP were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to detect morphological, topographic and biochemical changes in the fungal cell wall. Cells treated with caspofungin were also analyzed for comparative purposes; (3) Results: Expressive morphological and topographic changes, such as increased roughness and shape modification, were observed in the cells after CAP exposure. The alterations detected were similar to those observed after the treatment with caspofungin. The main biochemical changes occurred in polysaccharides content, and an overall decrease in glucans and an increase in chitin synthesis were detected; (4) Conclusions: Helium-CAP caused morphological and topographic alterations in C. albicans cells and affected the cell wall polysaccharide content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina de Moura Rovetta-Nogueira
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12247-016, SP, Brazil; (S.d.M.R.-N.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Aline Chiodi Borges
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12247-016, SP, Brazil; (S.d.M.R.-N.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Maurício de Oliveira Filho
- Department of Materials and Technology, Guaratinguetá Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil; (M.d.O.F.); (L.R.d.O.H.)
| | | | - Luis Rogerio de Oliveira Hein
- Department of Materials and Technology, Guaratinguetá Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil; (M.d.O.F.); (L.R.d.O.H.)
| | - Konstantin Georgiev Kostov
- Department of Physics, Guaratinguetá Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12247-016, SP, Brazil; (S.d.M.R.-N.); (A.C.B.)
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6
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Soto Perezchica MM, Guerrero Barrera AL, Avelar Gonzalez FJ, Quezada Tristan T, Macias Marin O. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, surface proteins and virulence: a review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1276712. [PMID: 38098987 PMCID: PMC10720984 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1276712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is a globally distributed Gram-negative bacterium that produces porcine pleuropneumonia. This highly contagious disease produces high morbidity and mortality in the swine industry. However, no effective vaccine exists to prevent it. The infection caused by App provokes characteristic lesions, such as edema, inflammation, hemorrhage, and necrosis, that involve different virulence factors. The colonization and invasion of host surfaces involved structures and proteins such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), pili, flagella, adhesins, outer membrane proteins (OMPs), also participates proteases, autotransporters, and lipoproteins. The recent findings on surface structures and proteins described in this review highlight them as potential immunogens for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M. Soto Perezchica
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Alma L. Guerrero Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Avelar Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Teodulo Quezada Tristan
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinaria, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Macias Marin
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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7
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Du M, Li F, Hu Y. A Uniform Design Method Can Optimize the Combinatorial Parameters of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, Including the Concentrations of Methylene Blue and Potassium Iodide, Light Dose, and Methylene Blue's Incubation Time, to Improve Fungicidal Effects on Candida Species. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2557. [PMID: 37894215 PMCID: PMC10609332 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal combinatorial parameters of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by methylene blue (MB) with the addition of potassium iodide (KI) against Candida species have never been defined. This study aimed to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT, including the concentrations of MB (X1, 0.1-1.0 mM) and KI (X2, 100-400 mM), light dose (X3, 10-70 J/cm2), and MB's incubation time (X4, 5-35 min) for three Candida species. The best MB + KI-aPDT fungicidal effects (Y) against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (YCa), Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (YCp), and Candida glabrata ATCC 2950 (YCg) were investigated using a uniform design method. The regression models deduced using this method were YCa = 7.126 + 1.199X1X3 - 1.742X12 + 0.206X22 - 0.361X32; YCp = 10.724 - 0.867X1 - 1.497X2 + 0.560X3 + 1.298X22; and YCg = 0.892 - 0.956X1 + 2.296X3 + 1.299X42 - 3.316X3X4. The optimal combinatorial parameters inferred from the regression equations were MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 20 J/cm2, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for Candida albicans; MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 70 J/cm2, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for Candida parapsilosis; MB 0.1 mM, KI 100 mM, a light dose of 10 J/cm2, and a 35-minute incubation time of MB for Candida glabrata. The uniform design method can optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT mediated by MB plus KI to obtain the best aPDT fungicidal effects on Candida species, providing a new method to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT for different pathogens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Yanwei Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
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8
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Gong X, Srivastava V, Naicker P, Khan A, Ahmad A. Candida parapsilosis Cell Wall Proteome Characterization and Effectiveness against Hematogenously Disseminated Candidiasis in a Murine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030674. [PMID: 36992262 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis poses huge treatment challenges in the clinical settings of South Africa, and often causes infections among immunocompromised patients and underweight neonates. Cell wall proteins have been known to play vital roles in fungal pathogenesis, as these are the first points of contact toward environments, the host, and the immune system. This study characterized the cell wall immunodominant proteins of pathogenic yeast C. parapsilosis and evaluated their protective effects in mice, which could add value in vaccine development against the rising C. parapsilosis infections. Among different clinical strains, the most pathogenic and multidrug-resistant C. parapsilosis isolate was selected based on their susceptibility towards antifungal drugs, proteinase, and phospholipase secretions. Cell wall antigens were prepared by β-mercaptoethanol/ammonium bicarbonate extraction from selected C. parapsilosis strains. Antigenic proteins were identified using LC–MS/MS, where 933 proteins were found, with 34 being immunodominant. The protective effect of the cell wall immunodominant proteins was observed by immunizing BALB/c mice with cell wall protein extracts. After the immunization and booster, the BALC/c mice were challenged with a lethal dose of C. parapsilosis. In vivo results demonstrated increased survival rates and lower fungal burden in vital organs in the immunized mice compared to the unimmunized mice, thereby confirming the immunogenic property of cell wall-associated proteins of C. parapsilosis. Therefore, these results advocated the potential of these cell wall proteins to act as biomarkers for the development of diagnostic assays and/or vaccines against infections caused by C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Gong
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Previn Naicker
- NextGen Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
| | - Amber Khan
- The Scintillon Institute, 6404 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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9
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Palma M. Aspects of Phage-Based Vaccines for Protein and Epitope Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020436. [PMID: 36851313 PMCID: PMC9967953 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Because vaccine development is a difficult process, this study reviews aspects of phages as vaccine delivery vehicles through a literature search. The results demonstrated that because phages have adjuvant properties and are safe for humans and animals, they are an excellent vaccine tool for protein and epitope immunization. The phage genome can easily be manipulated to display antigens or create DNA vaccines. Additionally, they are easy to produce on a large scale, which lowers their manufacturing costs. They are stable under various conditions, which can facilitate their transport and storage. However, no medicine regulatory agency has yet authorized phage-based vaccines despite the considerable preclinical data confirming their benefits. The skeptical perspective of phages should be overcome because humans encounter bacteriophages in their environment all the time without suffering adverse effects. The lack of clinical trials, endotoxin contamination, phage composition, and long-term negative effects are some obstacles preventing the development of phage vaccines. However, their prospects should be promising because phages are safe in clinical trials; they have been authorized as a food additive to avoid food contamination and approved for emergency use in phage therapy against difficult-to-treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this encourages the use of phages in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palma
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), 03181 Torrevieja, Spain;
- Creative Biolabs Inc., Shirley, NY 11967, USA
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10
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Hu W, Huang L, Zhou Z, Yin L, Tang J. Diallyl Disulfide (DADS) Ameliorates Intestinal Candida albicans Infection by Modulating the Gut microbiota and Metabolites and Providing Intestinal Protection in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:743454. [PMID: 35071031 PMCID: PMC8777027 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.743454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a garlic extract also known as allicin, has been reported to have numerous biological activities, including anticancer, antifungal, and inflammation-inhibiting activities, among others. Although many studies have assessed whether DADS can treat Candida albicans infection in vitro, its in vivo function and the underlying mechanism are still not clear. Accumulated evidence has implicated the gut microbiota as an important factor in the colonization and invasion of C. albicans. Thus, this study aimed to identify the mechanism by which DADS ameliorates dextran sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal C. albicans infection based on the systematic analysis of the gut microbiota and metabolomics in mice. Here, we determined the body weight, survival, colon length, histological score, and inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum and intestines of experimental mice. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota and metabolite analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics, respectively. DADS significantly alleviated DSS-induced intestinal C. albicans infection and altered the gut microbial community structure and metabolic profile in the mice. The abundances of some pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteobacteria, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus, were notably decreased after treatment with DADS. In contrast, SCFA-producing bacteria, namely, Ruminiclostridium, Oscillibacter, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013, greatly increased in number. The perturbance of metabolites in infectious mice was improved by DADS, with increases in secondary bile acids, arachidonic acid, indoles and their derivatives, which were highly related to the multiple differentially altered metabolic pathways, namely, bile secretion, arachidonic acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. This study indicated that DADS could modulate gut microbiota and metabolites and protect the gut barrier to alleviate DSS-induced intestinal C. albicans infection in mice. Moreover, this work might also provide novel insight into the treatment of C. albicans infection using DADS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianguo Tang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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The Role of B-Cells and Antibodies against Candida Vaccine Antigens in Invasive Candidiasis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101159. [PMID: 34696267 PMCID: PMC8540628 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic candidiasis is an invasive fungal infection caused by members of the genus Candida. The recent emergence of antifungal drug resistance and increased incidences of infections caused by non-albicans Candida species merit the need for developing immune therapies against Candida infections. Although the role of cellular immune responses in anti-Candida immunity is well established, less is known about the role of humoral immunity against systemic candidiasis. This review summarizes currently available information on humoral immune responses induced by several promising Candida vaccine candidates, which have been identified in the past few decades. The protective antibody and B-cell responses generated by polysaccharide antigens such as mannan, β-glucan, and laminarin, as well as protein antigens like agglutinin-like sequence gene (Als3), secreted aspartyl proteinase (Sap2), heat shock protein (Hsp90), hyphally-regulated protein (Hyr1), hyphal wall protein (Hwp1), enolase (Eno), phospholipase (PLB), pyruvate kinase (Pk), fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1), superoxide dismutase gene (Sod5) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh1), are outlined. As per studies reviewed, antibodies induced in response to leading Candida vaccine candidates contribute to protection against systemic candidiasis by utilizing a variety of mechanisms such as opsonization, complement fixation, neutralization, biofilm inhibition, direct candidacidal activity, etc. The contributions of B-cells in controlling fungal infections are also discussed. Promising results using anti-Candida monoclonal antibodies for passive antibody therapy reinforces the need for developing antibody-based therapeutics including anti-idiotypic antibodies, single-chain variable fragments, peptide mimotopes, and antibody-derived peptides. Future research involving combinatorial immunotherapies using humanized monoclonal antibodies along with antifungal drugs/cytokines may prove beneficial for treating invasive fungal infections.
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12
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Pirovich DB, Da’dara AA, Skelly PJ. Multifunctional Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase as a Therapeutic Target. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:719678. [PMID: 34458323 PMCID: PMC8385298 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.719678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the fourth step of glycolysis. Aldolases are classified into three groups: Class-I, Class-IA, and Class-II; all classes share similar structural features but low amino acid identity. Apart from their conserved role in carbohydrate metabolism, aldolases have been reported to perform numerous non-enzymatic functions. Here we review the myriad "moonlighting" functions of this classical enzyme, many of which are centered on its ability to bind to an array of partner proteins that impact cellular scaffolding, signaling, transcription, and motility. In addition to the cytosolic location, aldolase has been found the extracellular surface of several pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and metazoans. In the extracellular space, the enzyme has been reported to perform virulence-enhancing moonlighting functions e.g., plasminogen binding, host cell adhesion, and immunomodulation. Aldolase's importance has made it both a drug target and vaccine candidate. In this review, we note the several inhibitors that have been synthesized with high specificity for the aldolases of pathogens and cancer cells and have been shown to inhibit classical enzyme activity and moonlighting functions. We also review the many trials in which recombinant aldolases have been used as vaccine targets against a wide variety of pathogenic organisms including bacteria, fungi, and metazoan parasites. Most of such trials generated significant protection from challenge infection, correlated with antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. We argue that refinement of aldolase antigen preparations and expansion of immunization trials should be encouraged to promote the advancement of promising, protective aldolase vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Pirovich
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
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13
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Candida Cell-Surface-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Protect Mice against Candida auris Invasive Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116162. [PMID: 34200478 PMCID: PMC8201314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause disseminated bloodstream infections with up to 60% mortality in susceptible populations. Of the three major classes of antifungal drugs, most C. auris isolates show high resistance to azoles and polyenes, with some clinical isolates showing resistance to all three drug classes. We reported in this study a novel approach to treating C. auris disseminated infections through passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting cell surface antigens with high homology in medically important Candida species. Using an established A/J mouse model of disseminated infection that mimics human candidiasis, we showed that C3.1, a mAb that targets β-1,2-mannotriose (β-Man3), significantly extended survival and reduced fungal burdens in target organs, compared to control mice. We also demonstrated that two peptide-specific mAbs, 6H1 and 9F2, which target hyphal wall protein 1 (Hwp1) and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (Pgk1), respectively, also provided significantly enhanced survival and reduction of fungal burdens. Finally, we showed that passive transfer of a 6H1+9F2 cocktail induced significantly enhanced protection, compared to treatment with either mAb individually. Our data demonstrate the utility of β-Man3- and peptide-specific mAbs as an effective alternative to antifungals against medically important Candida species including multidrug-resistant C. auris.
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14
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Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design against Fructose Bisphosphate Aldolase of Candida glabrata: An Immunoinformatics Approach. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8280925. [PMID: 34036109 PMCID: PMC8116159 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8280925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida glabrata is a human opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening systemic infections. Although there are multiple effective vaccines against fungal infections and some of these vaccines are engaged in different stages of clinical trials, none of them have yet been approved by the FDA. Aim Using immunoinformatics approach to predict the most conserved and immunogenic B- and T-cell epitopes from the fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1) protein of C. glabrata. Material and Method. 13 C. glabrata fructose bisphosphate aldolase protein sequences (361 amino acids) were retrieved from NCBI and presented in several tools on the IEDB server for prediction of the most promising epitopes. Homology modeling and molecular docking were performed. Result The promising B-cell epitopes were AYFKEH, VDKESLYTK, and HVDKESLYTK, while the promising peptides which have high affinity to MHC I binding were AVHEALAPI, KYFKRMAAM, QTSNGGAAY, RMAAMNQWL, and YFKEHGEPL. Two peptides, LFSSHMLDL and YIRSIAPAY, were noted to have the highest affinity to MHC class II that interact with 9 alleles. The molecular docking revealed that the epitopes QTSNGGAAY and LFSSHMLDL have the lowest binding energy to MHC molecules. Conclusion The epitope-based vaccines predicted by using immunoinformatics tools have remarkable advantages over the conventional vaccines in that they are more specific, less time consuming, safe, less allergic, and more antigenic. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments are needed to prove the effectiveness of the best candidate's epitopes (QTSNGGAAY and LFSSHMLDL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has predicted B- and T-cell epitopes from the Fba1 protein by using in silico tools in order to design an effective epitope-based vaccine against C. glabrata.
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15
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Loera-Muro A, Guerrero-Barrera A, Tremblay D N Y, Hathroubi S, Angulo C. Bacterial biofilm-derived antigens: a new strategy for vaccine development against infectious diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:385-396. [PMID: 33606569 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1892492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microorganisms can develop into a social organization known as biofilms and these communities can be found in virtually all types of environment on earth. In biofilms, cells grow as multicellular communities held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix. Living within a biofilm allows for the emergence of specific properties for these cells that their planktonic counterparts do not have. Furthermore, biofilms are the cause of several infectious diseases and are frequently inhabited by multi-species. These interactions between microbial species are often critical for the biofilm process. Despite the importance of biofilms in disease, vaccine antigens are typically prepared from bacteria grown as planktonic cells under laboratory conditions. Vaccines based on planktonic bacteria may not provide optimal protection against biofilm-driven infections. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will present an overview of biofilm formation, what controls this mode of growth, and recent vaccine development targeting biofilms. EXPERT OPINION Previous and ongoing research provides evidence that vaccine formulation with antigens derived from biofilms is a promising approach to prevent infectious diseases and can enhance the protective efficacy of existing vaccines. Therefore, research focusing on the identification of biofilm-derived antigens merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Loera-Muro
- CONACYT-CIBNOR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Alma Guerrero-Barrera
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Colonia Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, AGS, México
| | - Yannick Tremblay D N
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Skander Hathroubi
- Cluster of Excellence "Matters of Activity.Image Space Material", Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Liden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.,Institüt Für Biologie/Mikrobiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, México
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16
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Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles coincide with intestinal damage in mice with a bloodborne Candida albicans infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104826. [PMID: 33689815 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that can threaten life especially in patients with candidemia. The morbidity and mortality of candidemia originating from a central venous catheter (CVC) and illicit intravenous drug use (IVDU) are increasing. However, the mechanism underlying the bloodborne C. albicans infection remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated the gut microbiome, metabolites and intestinal mucosa by constructing the mouse models with candidemia. Model mice were injected with C. albicans via tail vein. Control mice underwent sham procedures. We observed basic life characteristics, intestinal damage-related alterations using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, intestinal tight junction protein levels, and intestinal permeability in these mice. Fecal samples were analyzed by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the microbiota and LC-MS metabolomics to reveal the perturbations in intestinal flora and metabolism exacerbating intestinal damage. Weight loss, a decreased survival rate, C. albicans infection spread, and colonic epithelial damage occurred in the model group. Furthermore, the intestinal flora abundance was reduced. Several probiotics, such as Lactobacillus, and butyrate-producing bacteria, including Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridia, were depleted, and some pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella and Proteus, belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum, and the inflammation mediators Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides were enriched in model mice. Multiple differentially altered metabolic pathways were observed and mainly related to bile acid, arachidonic acid, bile secretion, and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study illustrated the effects of a bloodborne C. albicans on the intestinal microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal barrier, which may provide new insights into tests or treatments for candidemia originating from CVC or IVDU.
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17
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Vázquez-Fernández P, López-Romero E, Cuéllar-Cruz M. A comparative proteomic analysis of Candida species in response to the oxidizing agent cumene hydroperoxide. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2219-2228. [PMID: 33630118 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida genus comprises several species that can be found in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy individuals. Under certain conditions, however, they behave as opportunistic pathogens that colonize these tissues, most frequently when the immune system is compromised by a disease or under certain medical treatments. To colonize the human host, these organisms require to express cell wall proteins (CWP) that allowed them to adhere and adapt to the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species produced in the macrophage during the respiratory burst. The aim of this study was to determine how four Candida species respond to the oxidative stress imposed by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). To this purpose, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis were exposed to this oxidant which is known to generate ROS in the membrane phospholipids. Accordingly, both mock and CHP-exposed cells were used to extract and analyze CWP and also to measure catalase activity and the levels of protein carbonylation. Results indicated that all four species express different CWP to neutralize ROS. Most relevant among these proteins were the glycolytic enzymes enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, known as moonlight proteins because in addition to participate in glycolysis they play an important role in the cell response to ROS. In addition, a thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme (Tsa) was also found to counteract ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vázquez-Fernández
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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18
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Zhang S, Zhao Q, Xue W, Li Y, Guo Y, Wu X, Huo S, Li Y, Li C. The isolation and identification of Candida glabrata from avian species and a study of the antibacterial activities of Chinese herbal medicine in vitro. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101003. [PMID: 33676095 PMCID: PMC8046950 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, a fungus was isolated from a diseased pigeon group clinically suspected of being infected with Candida. The fungus was subsequently identified as Candida glabrata using morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology testing methods. In the present study, to determine the controlling effects of Chinese herbal medicine for C. glabrata, the bacteriostatic effects of the ethanol extracts Acorus gramineus, Sophora flavescens, Polygonum hydropiper, Cassia obtusifolia, Pulsatilla chinensis, Dandelion, and Cortex phellodendri on C. glabrata in vitro were analyzed. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC80) of Cortex phellodendri was 0.25 μg/μL. Meanwhile, that of S. flavescens was 32 μg/μL; C. obtusifolia was 56 μg/μL; A. gramineus and Polygonum hydropiper was 64 μg/μL; and P. chinensis was 112 μg/μL. However, MIC80 for Dandelion was undetectable. In addition, improved drug sensitivity tests revealed that colonies had grown after 24 h in the blank group, as well as the Polygonum hydropiper, P. chinensis, Dandelion, and ethanol groups. The colonies first appeared at the 48-hour point in the other drug-sensitive medium of Chinese herbal medicine. However, no colony growth was found in Cortex phellodendri medium, and the formation of the maximum colony diameter in that group was later than the blank group (e.g., 96 h in the blank group and 120 h in the Chinese herbal medicine group). It was observed that only 17 colony-forming units had grown in 125 μg/μL of the S. flavescens medium, which was significantly different from other groups. Also, the final colony diameter was significantly smaller than that of the other experimental groups. Therefore, it was determined that the A. gramineus, S. flavescens, Polygonum hydropiper, Cassia obtusifolia, P. chinensis, and Cortex phellodendri had certain inhibitory effects on the growth of the C. glabrata. Among those, it was observed that the Cortex phellodendri had the strongest inhibitory effects, followed by the S. flavescens. In the future, these Chinese herbal medicines are expected to be used to treat the fungal infections related to C. glabrata in poultry to improve production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qianhui Zhao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wenhui Xue
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yurong Li
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yu Guo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xianjun Wu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shuying Huo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Yong Li
- The Dingnong Corporation of Hebei, Dingzhou County, Hebei 073000, China
| | - Chenyao Li
- The Dingnong Corporation of Hebei, Dingzhou County, Hebei 073000, China
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19
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Honorato L, Bonilla JJA, Piffer AC, Nimrichter L. Fungal Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Strategy for Vaccine Development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 432:121-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83391-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Isolation, characterization and regulation of moonlighting proteases from Candida glabrata cell wall. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Vargas G, Honorato L, Guimarães AJ, Rodrigues ML, Reis FCG, Vale AM, Ray A, Nosanchuk JD, Nimrichter L. Protective effect of fungal extracellular vesicles against murine candidiasis. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13238. [PMID: 32558196 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayered compartments released by virtually all living cells, including fungi. Among the diverse molecules carried by fungal EVs, a number of immunogens, virulence factors and regulators have been characterised. Within EVs, these components could potentially impact disease outcomes by interacting with the host. From this perspective, we previously demonstrated that EVs from Candida albicans could be taken up by and activate macrophages and dendritic cells to produce cytokines and express costimulatory molecules. Moreover, pre-treatment of Galleria mellonella larvae with fungal EVs protected the insects against a subsequent lethal infection with C. albicans yeasts. These data indicate that C. albicans EVs are multi-antigenic compartments that activate the innate immune system and could be exploited as vaccine formulations. Here, we investigated whether immunisation with C. albicans EVs induces a protective effect against murine candidiasis in immunosuppressed mice. Total and fungal antigen-specific serum IgG antibodies increased by 21 days after immunisation, confirming the efficacy of the protocol. Vaccination decreased fungal burden in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice challenged with C. albicans. Splenic levels of cytokines indicated a lower inflammatory response in mice immunised with EVs when compared with EVs + Freund's adjuvant (ADJ). Higher levels of IL-12p70, TNFα and IFNγ were detected in mice vaccinated with EVs + ADJ, while IL-12p70, TGFβ, IL-4 and IL-10 were increased when no adjuvants were added. Full protection of lethally challenged mice was observed when EVs were administered, regardless the presence of adjuvant. Physical properties of the EVs were also investigated and EVs produced by C. albicans were relatively stable after storage at 4, -20 or -80°C, keeping their ability to activate dendritic cells and to protect G. mellonella against a lethal candidiasis. Our data suggest that fungal EVs could be a safe source of antigens to be exploited in vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Vargas
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Honorato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan Jefferson Guimarães
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcio L Rodrigues
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia C G Reis
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil.,Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André M Vale
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anjana Ray
- Department of Medicine - Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua Daniel Nosanchuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia de Eucariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Rasheed M, Battu A, Kaur R. Host-pathogen interaction in Candida glabrata infection: current knowledge and implications for antifungal therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:1093-1103. [PMID: 32668993 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1792773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata poses a clinical challenge in the successful treatment of invasive Candida infections, owing to its low inherent susceptibility toward azole antifungals and the recent acquisition of coresistance toward azole and echinocandin drugs. Compared to other prevalent Candida bloodstream pathogens, C. glabrata neither exhibits secreted proteolytic activity nor invokes a strong immune response in a variety of host cells and is less virulent. It also does not form true hyphae, and the success of C. glabrata, therefore, as a prevalent human fungal pathogen, appears to be built upon a distinct set of virulence attributes. AREAS COVERED The focus of this review is to outline, in brief, the interaction of C. glabrata with the host, deduced from the knowledge gained from different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo model systems. In addition, we briefly discuss the current antifungals, antifungal resistance mechanisms, and the development of new antifungal therapies, along with the available information on the host response. EXPERT OPINION A detailed understanding of stresses, selection pressures and differential immune responses in the presence and absence of antifungals that C. glabrata encounters in varied niches of the host, is required to design effective antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashshir Rasheed
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics , Hyderabad, India
| | - Anamika Battu
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics , Hyderabad, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics , Hyderabad, India
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23
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Moonlighting Proteins at the Candidal Cell Surface. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071046. [PMID: 32674422 PMCID: PMC7409194 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall in Candida albicans is not only a tight protective envelope but also a point of contact with the human host that provides a dynamic response to the constantly changing environment in infection niches. Particularly important roles are attributed to proteins exposed at the fungal cell surface. These include proteins that are stably and covalently bound to the cell wall or cell membrane and those that are more loosely attached. Interestingly in this regard, numerous loosely attached proteins belong to the class of “moonlighting proteins” that are originally intracellular and that perform essentially different functions in addition to their primary housekeeping roles. These proteins also demonstrate unpredicted interactions with non-canonical partners at an a priori unexpected extracellular location, achieved via non-classical secretion routes. Acting both individually and collectively, the moonlighting proteins contribute to candidal virulence and pathogenicity through their involvement in mechanisms critical for successful host colonization and infection, such as the adhesion to host cells, interactions with plasma homeostatic proteolytic cascades, responses to stress conditions and molecular mimicry. The documented knowledge of the roles of these proteins in C. albicans pathogenicity has utility for assisting the design of new therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive strategies against candidiasis.
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Proteomic analysis of Sporothrix schenckii cell wall reveals proteins involved in oxidative stress response induced by menadione. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103987. [PMID: 31962184 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is an emergent subcutaneous mycosis that is a threat to both humans and other animals. Sporotrichosis is acquired by the traumatic implantation of species of the Sporothrix genus. Added to the detoxification systems, pathogenic fungi possess different mechanisms that allow them to survive within the phagocytic cells of their human host during the oxidative burst. These mechanisms greatly depend from the cell wall (CW) since phagocytic cells recognize pathogens through specific receptors associated to the structure. To date, there are no studies addressing the modulation of the expression of S. schenckii CW proteins (CWP) in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, in this work, a proteomic analysis of the CW of S. schenckii in response to the oxidative agent menadione (O2•-) was performed. Proteins that modulate their expression were identified which can be related to the fungal survival mechanisms within the phagocyte. Among the up-regulated CWP in response to the oxidative agent, 13 proteins that could be involved in the mechanisms of oxidative stress response in S. schenckii were identified. The proteins identified were thioredoxin1 (Trx1), superoxide dismutase (Sod), GPI-anchored cell wall protein, β-1,3-endoglucanase EglC, glycoside hydrolase (Gh), chitinase, CFEM domain protein, glycosidase crf1, covalently-linked cell wall protein (Ccw), 30 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp30), lipase, trehalase (Treh), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1) and citrate synthase (Cs). The identification of CWP that modulates their expression in response to superoxide ion (O2•-) in S. schenckii is a useful approach to understand how the fungus defends itself against ROS, in order to evade the phagocytic cells from the host and cause the infection.
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