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Reyes-Becerril M, Maldonado-García M, López MG, Silva-Jara JM, Angulo C. Microencapsulates of Moringa oleifera seed extracts enhance immunological parameters of Almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana) upon Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2025; 161:110239. [PMID: 40023463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2025] [Revised: 02/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera seed (MoS) and spray-dried seed (Sd-Mo) were supplemented in experimental diets to Almaco Jack Seriola rivoliana, and sampled on weeks 2 and 4; also, resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated. Chemical compounds were determined by GC/MS and polyphenols contents were determined in MoS. After 4 weeks of experimental trial, weight growth and bactericidal activity were evaluated in serum, while intestine content was obtained to determinate the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, remaining fish were challenged during week 4 against A. hydrophila, and immune response parameters were determined in serum; on the final day, fish were sampled to obtain leukocytes from head-kidney to evaluate innate immune parameters. The GC-MS analysis indicated that MoS contained 39 chemical compounds such as polyalcohol, in addition to the presence of phenols. The results revealed that Sd-Mo significantly increased (P < 0.05) weight gain after 2 and 4 weeks. Experimental diets supplemented with Sd-Mo showed significant increase on bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila A-315, as well as concentration of acetic (C2:0) acid obtained by SCFA in serum in this group of fish. After infection, total protein, lysozyme, nitric oxide and the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) were increased in serum from fish fed with Sd-Mo. Interestingly, ex vivo assay determined in head-kidney leukocytes revealed that fish fed with Sd-Mo increased their defense against A. hydrophila infection with enhanced phagocytosis, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide production activities. In summary, this study suggested that fish fed with supplemented diets Sd-Mo (0.5 %) has a positive effect than not processed MoS, enhancing weight gain and in vivo and ex vivo immunological parameters after infection with A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Minerva Maldonado-García
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Mercedes G López
- Chemistry of Natural Products Laboratory, Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas E Ingenierías (CUCEI), Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, CP 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S, 23096, Mexico.
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Abdelkader GS, El-Naenaeey ESY, Abdallah HM, Abu-Zeid EH, Rehan IF, Zigo F, Elmowalid GA. Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticus. Front Vet Sci 2025; 12:1557671. [PMID: 40351771 PMCID: PMC12063360 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1557671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
For enhancing the nutritional characteristics of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs), the present research set out to examine the effect of MOLs fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (MOLF) or MOLs powder (MOLP) on innate immunity defense and resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in Oreochromis niloticus. A 30-day experiment was conducted with 180 Nile tilapia fingerlings, divided randomly into five equal-sized groups of 36 fingerlings, three replicates per group. The 1st control fish received a basal meal devoid of any supplements. The 2nd MOLP-L and the 3rd MOLP-H fish received basal meals enriched with low and high levels of MOLP (50 g or 100 g/kg diet). The 4th MOLF-L and 5th MOLF-H fish received basal meals enriched with low and high levels of MOLF (50 g or 100 g/kg diet). Ferulic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the primary phenolic components identified by HPLC in the fermented MOLs. Meanwhile, naringenin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin, and catechin were the main flavonoids detected. The results revealed that MOLF dietary supplementation enhanced the immune-related outcomes more significantly (P < 0.05) than MOLP in a dose-related manner. Supplementation of MOLF increased serum nitric oxide and lysozyme levels, phagocytic index, phagocytic %, hepatic superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, yet declined the levels of malondialdehyde more significantly (P < 0.05) than the MOLP. The proinflammatory genes IL1β, TNFα, and IL-2 were significantly (P < 0.0.05) down-regulated. In contrast, the expression of the IL-10 gene was markedly upregulated in the spleen and head kidney (anterior) post A. hydrophila challenge in the MOLF-groups than the MOLP-groups. MOLF-supplemented groups showed a significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced relative proportion of survivorship and survival rates but decreased the A. hydrophila bacterial load (CFU) compared to the MOLP-supplemented groups. In conclusion, our findings have offered new insights into the promising immune-enhancing outcome of MOLF as a dietary supplement for immune augmentation against disease challenges in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S. Abdelkader
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Y. El-Naenaeey
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ehsan H. Abu-Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim F. Rehan
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Komenského, Slovakia
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Komenského, Slovakia
| | - Gamal A. Elmowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Elahwl EA, Assar DH, Al-Hawary II, Salah AS, Ragab AE, Elsheshtawy A, Assas M, Abo-Al-Ela HG, Fouad AM, Elbialy ZI. Alleviation of glyphosate-induced toxicity by Horseradish tree (Moringa oleifera) Leaf extract and phytase in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) highlighting the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Vet Res Commun 2025; 49:135. [PMID: 40063176 PMCID: PMC11893658 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-025-10672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
The danger posed by waterborne toxicity from herbicides endangers the aquatic ecosystem. Using dietary medicinal herbs is a useful approach to mitigate the effects of herbicide toxicity on aquatic animals. This study attempts to examine the consequences and potential mechanisms behind the dietary addition of horseradish tree (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract (MOLE) with the help of phytase addition to check the overall growth performance, biochemical changes, histological alteration, and gene expression in normal and after glyphosate challenge in Nile tilapia. A total number of 135 Nile tilapia fish (7.93 ± 0.03 g) were randomly assigned into three groups each in triplicate. The first group is the control group and fed basal diet; the second group supplied with MOLE (200 mg of extract/kg), and the third group was supplied with MOLE (200 mg /kg), and phytase (0.2g/ kg) for 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, each experimental group was divided into two subgroups to be unchallenged and challenged with glyphosate (30 mg/L of water). The results declared significant enhancements (P < 0.05) in Weight Gain Percent (WG%), Specific growth rate (SGR), and Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and reducing feed conversion ratio (FCR) with up-regulating hepatic gh, igf1,myogenine, intestinal ghrelin and NPY in fish groups fed MOLE and phytase compared with the control group. Moreover, improving the hepatic antioxidant capacity while down-regulating hepatic igf1bp, myostatin. Interstingly, MOLE and phytase lightened glyphosate-induced biochemical alterations, antioxidants, apoptosis, and inflammation-associated genes compared to the glyphosate-challenged group. Interestingly, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis recognized 16 compounds encompasing two glucosinolates, three flavonoids, one phenolic and three alkaloids in addition to four fatty acids, a terpenoid, one phytate and an aromatic glycoside. These components might be accountable for the potential effects exerted by MOLE. Therefore, the current study suggests that dietary supplementation to MOLE and phytase can be used as substitute feed supplements in sustainable farming of Nile tilapia to defend against glyphosate challenges and enhance growth, antioxidant capacity, exerting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects under normal health conditions or post glyphosate challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Elahwl
- Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim I Al-Hawary
- Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Salah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Amany E Ragab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 32527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsheshtawy
- Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Mona Assas
- Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
| | - Alamira Marzouk Fouad
- Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
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Panda PP, Kumar P, Mallick BC, Kumar N, Ghoshal TK. Effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract on growth and immunophysiology of whisker catfish (Mystus gulio) fingerlings. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2025; 51:44. [PMID: 39920479 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-025-01454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
In aquaculture, phytobiotics are used as growth promoters, immunomodulators, antioxidants, and stress mitigators in several fish species. Herein, we assess the impact of Moringa oleifera seeds petroleum ether extracts (MSE) on growth, hematological, and biochemical responses in whisker catfish (Mystus gulio). A total of 120 M. gulio fingerlings (mean weight 2.09 ± 0.16 g) were randomly distributed in four different experimental groups. Fish were fed to satiation with the experimental diets [T1 (control, 0% MSE), T2 (0.05% MSE), T3 (0.10% MSE), and T4 (0.15% MSE)] for 60 days. Results demonstrated that fingerlings fed with 0.05 and 0.10% MSE-supplemented diet significantly enhanced weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, hemato-immunological indices (erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, hemoglobin, globulin, serum protein, and respiratory burst activity) and survival compared to other groups (P < 0.05). However, at the higher dose of MSE (0.15%), a significant reduction in the above parameters was observed (P < 0.05). Feeding MSE at 0.05 and 0.10% significantly minimizes the stress responses (blood glucose, cortisol, and catalase). Dose-dependent reduction in serum cholesterol and high-density lipid and an increase in triglyceride were recorded (P < 0.05). Histopathological observation of liver tissue showed congestion of hepatic vein at 0.15% MSE supplementation. Overall, the study suggests that the dietary supplementation of MSE up to 0.10% improves growth, biochemical, and innate immune response in M. gulio fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prangya Parimita Panda
- Ravenshaw University, Odhisa, Cuttack, 753003, India
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Kakdwip Research Centre, South 24 Paraganas, Kakdwip, Kolkata, 743347, India
| | - Prem Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Kakdwip Research Centre, South 24 Paraganas, Kakdwip, Kolkata, 743347, India.
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Versov, Andheri (W), PanchMarg, Mumbai-400061, India.
| | | | - Neeraj Kumar
- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Ghoshal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Kakdwip Research Centre, South 24 Paraganas, Kakdwip, Kolkata, 743347, India
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Tahir R, Samra, Afzal F, Khan H, Ghaffar A, Qazi IH, Al-Khattaf FS, Liulan Z, Yan H, Kuo H, Shrestha A, Jamil H, Naseer S, Habib H, Yang S. Chronic bisphenol A induced neurotoxicity: Exposure risk, molecular fate within carp and its potential phytoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:175876. [PMID: 39244053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting toxicant commonly used in the plastics industry, as a result, it is present in large quantities in the environment. Therefore, current study was designed to assess BPA induced neurotoxicity and molecular fate within common carp (Cyprinus carpio), largely used edible fish. Following 6 weeks exposure to BPA 1/5th of 96 h LC50 (1.31 mg/L), brain exhibited oxidative damage, which was evidenced by compromised antioxidant system (CAT, SOD, GSH) and increased level of biomacromolecule peroxidation (MDA and 8-OHDG). Functional damage to the brain observed in the form of blood-brain barrier disruption (decreased tight junction gene expression) and nerve conduction impairment (reduced acetylcholinesterase activity). Mechanistically, apoptotic cell death indicated by characteristic alteration in key biomarkers (bcl-2, caspase, and p53-related gene family). Whereas, coadministration of powdered PP (pomegranate peel) (8 %) with BPA effectively mitigated the BPA toxicity, as evidenced by the restoration of the above-mentioned bioindicators. Thereby, BPA-induced neurotoxicity could be potentially detoxified by applying PP dietary enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tahir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Samra
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fozia Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fatimah Saleh Al-Khattaf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhao Liulan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - He Kuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Abhimanyu Shrestha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Habiba Jamil
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sameera Naseer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hamza Habib
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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El Bilali H, Dan Guimbo I, Nanema RK, Falalou H, Kiebre Z, Rokka VM, Tietiambou SRF, Nanema J, Dambo L, Grazioli F, Naino Jika AK, Gonnella M, Acasto F. Research on Moringa ( Moringa oleifera Lam.) in Africa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1613. [PMID: 38931045 PMCID: PMC11207860 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
While Moringa oleifera Lam. is gaining importance in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, it is unclear whether research is following the quick pace of its development on the continent. Therefore, this article analyzes the landscape of research dealing with moringa in Africa. This systematic review draws upon 299 eligible articles identified through a search carried out on the Web of Science in April 2023. Research on M. oleifera is rather recent in Africa but interest is increasing among scholars. While the research field is multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral, the literature seems to focus on biological and environmental sciences. Moreover, research is performed mainly in South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, and Ghana. The analysis suggests a significant potential contribution of moringa to food security and nutrition, climate change mitigation/adaptation, farming systems resilience, and livelihoods. Its versatility and diverse applications and uses make moringa particularly interesting for developing countries, such as African ones. However, this review also underscores some factors hindering its development. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen research on moringa to unlock its potential in Africa. Investments in research, innovation, and development can help address the many challenges that Africa faces and contribute to the transition towards sustainable and resilient food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid El Bilali
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-Bari), Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Iro Dan Guimbo
- Department of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Faculty of Agronomy, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey P.O. Box 237, Niger;
| | - Romaric Kiswendsida Nanema
- Department of Plant Biology and Physiology, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, PB 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; (R.K.N.); (Z.K.)
| | - Hamidou Falalou
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Niamey BP 12404, Niger;
| | - Zakaria Kiebre
- Department of Plant Biology and Physiology, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, PB 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; (R.K.N.); (Z.K.)
| | - Veli-Matti Rokka
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
| | | | - Jacques Nanema
- Programme Agrinovia, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, 03 BP, Ouagadougou 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Lawali Dambo
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey P.O. Box 237, Niger;
| | - Francesca Grazioli
- Alliance Bioversity International—CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical), Via San Domenico 1, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Abdel Kader Naino Jika
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey P.O. Box 237, Niger;
| | - Maria Gonnella
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Filippo Acasto
- Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS), Ouaga 2000—Secteur 54, Arrondissement n. 12, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso;
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Reyes-Becerril M, Maldonado-García M, López MG, Calvo-Gómez O, Díaz SM. Cyrtocarpa edulis fruit and its immunostimulant effect on Almaco Jack Seriola rivoliana: in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1393-1407. [PMID: 38285242 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates for the first time chemical, proximate analyses and immunostimulant effect of Cyrtocarpa edulis fruit (CeF). Three design experiments were carried out to evaluate immunostimulant effect of C. edulis fruit: in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies in juveniles Almaco jack Seriola rivoliana. In general, nutraceutical studies performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in CeF revealed a major quantity of the carbohydrate groups and phytosterols such as β-sitosterol. Their phytochemical and antioxidant values exposed a significant content of total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, showing an antioxidant capacity against hydroxyl and superoxide radical. The in vitro results confirm that CeF is edible and enhanced the innate immune response in head-kidney leukocytes after 24 h of immunostimulation. The in vivo results showed that myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide production, as well as antioxidant enzymes were enhanced in skin mucus of those fish fed with CeF. Interestingly in the intestine, IL-β, TNF-α, MARCO and Piscidin gene expression were up-regulated in fish fed with C. edulis after 4 weeks. Finally, ex vivo experiments showed an important enhancement on cellular parameters (phagocytosis, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide production) in head-kidney leukocytes of fish fed CeF and intraperitoneally infected with A. hydrophila. The results demonstrate that C. edulis fruit (0.5%) represents an available phytochemical and antioxidant rich alternative with great potential as fish immunostimulant additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur , La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, México.
| | - Minerva Maldonado-García
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur , La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, México
| | - Mercedes G López
- Chemistry of Natural Products Laboratory, Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Octavio Calvo-Gómez
- Food Products Technology Department, Food Products Technology Faculty, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Tashkent City, Uzbekistan
| | - Sean Michael Díaz
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico/Instituto Tecnologico de La Paz, Boulevard Forjadores 4720, 8 de Octubre Segunda Seccion, 23080, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
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8
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Yousefi M, Naderi Farsani M, Ghafarifarsani H, Raeeszadeh M. Dietary Lactobacillus helveticus and Gum Arabic improves growth indices, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microbiota, innate immunological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108652. [PMID: 36863498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at determining the effects of Lactobacillus helveticus (LH), Gum Arabic (GA; natural prebiotic), and their combination as synbiotic on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota, innate immunity status, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophyla in common carp, Cyprinus carpio for 8 weeks. For this, 735 common carp juveniles (Mean ± standard deviation; 22.51 ± 0.40 g) were fed with 7 different diets including basal diet (C), LH1 (1 × 107 CFU/g), LH2 (1 × 109 CFU/g), GA1 (0.5%), GA2 (1%), LH1+GA1 (1 × 107 CFU/g + 0.5%), and LH2+GA2 (1 × 109 CFU/g + 1%) for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation with GA and/or LH significantly increased growth performance, WBC, serum total immunoglobulin, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, skin mucus lysozyme and total immunoglobulin and intestinal lactic acid bacteria. Whereas there were significant improvements in various parameters tested in different treatments, the highest improvement in growth performance, WBC, monocyte/neutrophil percentages, serum lysozyme, alternative complement, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase, protease, and immunoglobulin, intestinal total bacterial count, protease and amylase activities were observed in the synbiotic treatments, particularly LH1+GA1. After an experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, all experimental treatments exhibited significantly higher survival, compared to the control treatment. The highest survival was related to the synbiotic (particularly LH1+GA1), followed by prebiotic, and probiotic treatments. Overall, synbiotic containing 1 × 107 CFU/g LH + 0.5% GA can improve growth rate and feed efficiency in common carp. Moreover, the synbiotic can improve the antioxidant/innate immune systems and dominate lactic acid bacteria in the fish intestine that may be the reasons of the highest resistance against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mehdi Naderi Farsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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Abd-Elaziz RA, Shukry M, Abdel-Latif HMR, Saleh RM. Growth-promoting and immunostimulatory effects of phytobiotics as dietary supplements for Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108531. [PMID: 36639065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day feeding experiment was designed to evaluate the impacts of five herbal extracts, namely Ginkgo biloba (GB), Moringa oleifera (MR), Myristica fragrans (NM), Silybum marianum (MT), and Astragalus membranaceus (AT) on growth, serum immune indices, and ammonia-N stress resistance of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. Fish were fed on a diet with no herbal additives (reference or CNT), and several plant extracts-based diets were supplied with two inclusion doses of each extract (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg). After the end of the feeding, fish in all groups were exposed to acute ammonia stress, mortalities were recorded every 2 h for a duration of 10 h, and then survival percent was assessed. Results showed that growth was upgraded significantly in groups fed plant extracts-based diets compared to the CNT group. Serum proteins (albumin and total protein), lysozyme, complement C3, bactericidal, and myeloperoxidase activities were increased significantly in groups fed plant extracts-based diets in relation to the CNT group. The total immunoglobulin levels were increased significantly only in fish groups fed GB, MT, and NM-based diets. Post-exposure to acute ammonia stress, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve presented significantly higher survival of fish groups that fed plant extracts-enriched diets than those fed the CNT diet. The aforementioned results suggest that using herbal extracts as feed supplements can beneficially enhance the growth, the immunity of P. hypophthalmus fingerlings and may increase their tolerance in the face of extrinsic stressors. These findings may pave the way for the potential and regular application of herbal extracts in diets of P. hypophthalmus at their early life stages to raise their immunity and maintain aquaculture sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab A Abd-Elaziz
- Fish Diseases Department, Alexandria Provincial Lab, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Mahmoud HK, Farag MR, Reda FM, Alagawany M, Abdel-Latif HMR. Dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera leaves extract reduces the impacts of sub-lethal fipronil in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21748. [PMID: 36526884 PMCID: PMC9758223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the restorative dietary effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves extract against the negative impacts of sub-lethal fipronil (FIP) toxicity in Nile tilapia. To achieve this purpose, the growth, body composition, haemato-biochemical measurements, serum immunity, and antioxidant condition of Nile tilapia have been examined. Fish were arranged into 6 experimental groups in quadruplicates. Three groups were fed on diets supplemented with 0.0 (reference group), 1.0 (MO1), and 2.0 (MO2) g kg-1 of MO leaf extract. The other three groups were fed on the same MO levels and concomitantly subjected to a sub-lethal FIP concentration (4.2 µg L-1 for 3 h only per day) and defined as FIP, FIP + MO1, and FIP + MO2. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Results unveiled that growth parameters were significantly decreased alongside an increased feed conversion ratio in the FIP-intoxicated group. The moisture and crude protein (%) were decreased significantly together with a significant increase of the crude lipids (%) in the fish body of the FIP group. Sub-lethal FIP toxicity induced hypochromic anemia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, and hepato-renal failure (increased urea and creatinine concentrations, as well as ALT and AST enzymes). Exposure to sub-lethal FIP also induced (a) immunosuppression manifested by a decline in total IgM, complement C3, and lysozyme activities, (b) enzymatic antioxidant misbalance manifested by decreases in SOD and CAT activities, and (c) oxidative stress (declined T-AOC and elevated of MDA concentrations). On the other side, dietary supplementation with MO leaf extract in FIP + MO1 and FIP + MO2 groups noticeably modulated the aforementioned parameters. Therefore, we can conclude that dietary MO could reduce sub-lethal FIP toxicity in Nile tilapia with a possible recommendation for regular prophylaxis supplementation in Nile tilapia diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemat K. Mahmoud
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511 Egypt
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511 Egypt
| | - Fayiz M. Reda
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511 Egypt
| | - Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Habotta OA, Dawood MAO, Kari ZA, Tapingkae W, Van Doan H. Antioxidative and immunostimulant potential of fruit derived biomolecules in aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:317-322. [PMID: 36122634 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Huge amounts of non-edible by-products could be generated from fruit industrial processes. They consist mainly of peels together with low amounts of pulp and seeds. These by-products pose an environmental hazard due to soil, air, and water pollution. Moreover, treating these by-products is very expensive and under strict governmental regulations. Nevertheless, they are an excellent source of bioactive constituents, such as phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, and glucans. Based on their constituents, these by-products can significantly enhance the antioxidant defense, immune response, and modulation of gut microbiota and host resistance against various diseases. Therefore, sustainable valorization of fruits by-products can efficiently obtain value-added products that improve the well-being of organisms and reduce environmental stress, in addition to earning an additional industrial income. Since aquaculture is a vital economic sector, there is urgent to look for inexpensive natural food additives that improve health and maintain high nutritional quality for farming organisms without harming the environment and human health. Therefore, using fruit wastes as feed additives represents a striking alternative for fruitful aquaculture. In order to make use of these value-added products, it is a dire need to determine their biological effects on aquaculture organisms by understanding their mechanism of action. In this context, this review will holistically address a comprehensive focus on utilizing fruits by-products and their immunostimulant and antioxidative action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt; The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Malaysia
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innoviative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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