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Robertson SN, Romero M, Fenn S, Kohler Riedi PL, Cámara M. Development, characterization, and evaluation of a simple polymicrobial colony biofilm model for testing of antimicrobial wound dressings. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae042. [PMID: 38366933 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound infections are generally of polymicrobial nature with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as fungi frequently observed in them. Wound treatment involves a series of steps, including debridement of the wound, flushing, and often the use of multiple wound dressings many of which are antimicrobial. Yet, many wound dressings are tested versus single species of planktonic microbes, which fails to mirror the real-life presence of biofilms. AIMS Simple biofilm models are the first step to testing of any antimicrobial and wound dressing; therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple polymicrobial colony biofilm wound model comprised of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans on RPMI-1640 agar. The model was then used to evaluate the topical disinfectant chlorohexidine and four commercially available wound dressings using the polymicrobial model. The model used was as a starting point to mimic debridement in clinical care of wounds and the effectiveness of wound dressings evaluated afterwards. METHODS AND RESULTS Planktonic assessment using AATCC100-2004 demonstrated that all antimicrobial wound dressings reduced the planktonic microbial burden below the limit of detection; however, when challenged with polymicrobial colony biofilms, silver wound dressings showed limited effectiveness (1-2 log CFU reductions). In contrast, a single iodine releasing wound dressing showed potent antibiofilm activity reducing all species CFUs below the limit of detection (>6-10 log) depending on the species. A disrupted biofilm model challenge was performed to represent the debridement of a wound and wound silver-based wound dressings were found to be marginally more effective than in whole colony biofilm challenges while the iodine containing wound dressing reduced microbial recovery below the limit of detection. CONCLUSIONS In this model, silver dressings were ineffective versus the whole colony biofilms but showed some recovery of activity versus the disrupted colony biofilm. The iodine wound dressing reduced the viability of all species below the level of detection. This suggests that mode of action of wound dressing should be considered for the type of biofilm challenge as should the clinical use, e.g. debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun N Robertson
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Romero
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Aquatic One Health Research Center (ARCUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Samuel Fenn
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Schools of Microbiology and Medicine, University College Cork, and APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork T12 TP07, Ireland
| | | | - Miguel Cámara
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Ali HR, Collier P, Bayston R. A Three-Dimensional Model of Bacterial Biofilms and Its Use in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Microorganisms 2024; 12:203. [PMID: 38276189 PMCID: PMC10818914 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The discrepant antimicrobial susceptibility between planktonic and biofilm bacterial modes poses a problem for clinical microbiology laboratories and necessitates a relevant 3D experimental model allowing bacteria to grow in biofilm mode, in vitro, for use in anti-biofilm susceptibility testing. (2) Methods: This work develops a 3D biofilm model consisting of alginate beads containing S. aureus biofilm and encased within two thick layers of alginate matrix. The constructed model was placed on a thin Boyden chamber insert suspended on a 24-well culture plate containing the culture medium. The antibacterial activity of bacitracin and chlorhexidine digluconate (CD), either combined or separately, against 2D S. aureus culture was compared to that in the 3D biofilm model. Quantitative analysis and imaging analysis were performed by assessing the bacterial load within the matrix as well as measuring the optical density of the culture medium nourishing the matrix. (3) Results: The 3D biofilm model represented the typical complex characteristics of biofilm with greater insusceptibility to the tested antimicrobials than the 2D culture. Only bacitracin and CD in combination at 100× the concentration found to be successful against 2D culture were able to completely eliminate the 3D biofilm matrix. (4) Conclusions: The 3D biofilm model, designed to be more clinically relevant, exhibits higher antimicrobial insusceptibility than the 2D culture, demonstrating that the model might be useful for testing and discovering new antimicrobial therapies. The data also support the view that combination therapy might be the optimal approach to combat biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala R. Ali
- Unit of Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Pamela Collier
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen’s Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Roger Bayston
- Unit of Injury, Inflammation and Recovery Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
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3
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Cabezas-Mera FS, Atiencia-Carrera MB, Villacrés-Granda I, Proaño AA, Debut A, Vizuete K, Herrero-Bayo L, Gonzalez-Paramás AM, Giampieri F, Abreu-Naranjo R, Tejera E, Álvarez-Suarez JM, Machado A. Evaluation of the polyphenolic profile of native Ecuadorian stingless bee honeys ( Tribe: Meliponini) and their antibiofilm activity on susceptible and multidrug-resistant pathogens: An exploratory analysis. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100543. [PMID: 37455680 PMCID: PMC10344713 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are associated with infections that are resistant to conventional therapies, contributing to the antimicrobial resistance crisis. The need for alternative approaches against biofilms is well-known. Although natural products like stingless bee honeys (tribe: Meliponini) constitute an alternative treatment, much is still unknown. Our main goal was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of stingless bee honey samples against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens through biomass assays, fluorescence (cell count and viability), and scanning electron (structural composition) microscopy. We analyzed thirty-five honey samples at 15% (v/v) produced by ten different stingless bee species (Cephalotrigona sp., Melipona sp., M. cramptoni, M. fuscopilosa, M. grandis, M. indecisa, M. mimetica, M. nigrifacies, Scaptotrigona problanca, and Tetragonisca angustula) from five provinces of Ecuador (Tungurahua, Pastaza, El Oro, Los Ríos, and Loja) against 24-h biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The present honey set belonged to our previous study, where the samples were collected in 2018-2019 and their physicochemical parameters, chemical composition, mineral elements, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were screened. However, the polyphenolic profile and their antibiofilm activity on susceptible and multidrug-resistant pathogens were still unknown. According to polyphenolic profile of the honey samples, significant differences were observed according to their geographical origin in terms of the qualitative profiles. The five best honey samples (OR24.1, LR34, LO40, LO48, and LO53) belonging to S. problanca, Melipona sp., and M. indecisa were selected for further analysis due to their high biomass reduction values, identification of the stingless bee specimens, and previously reported physicochemical parameters. This subset of honey samples showed a range of 63-80% biofilm inhibition through biomass assays. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) analysis evidenced statistical log reduction in the cell count of honey-treated samples in all pathogens (P <0.05), except for S. aureus ATCC 25923. Concerning cell viability, C. tropicalis, K. pneumoniae ATCC 33495, and K. pneumoniae KPC significantly decreased (P <0.01) by 21.67, 25.69, and 45.62%, respectively. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated structural biofilm disruption through cell morphological parameters (such as area, size, and form). In relation to their polyphenolic profile, medioresinol was only found in the honey of Loja, while scopoletin, kaempferol, and quercetin were only identified in honey of Los Rios, and dihydrocaffeic and dihydroxyphenylacetic acids were only detected in honey of El Oro. All the five honey samples showed dihydrocoumaroylhexose, luteolin, and kaempferol rutinoside. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to analyze stingless bees honey-treated biofilms of susceptible and/or MDR strains of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Sebastián Cabezas-Mera
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, 170901, Ecuador
| | - María Belén Atiencia-Carrera
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, 170901, Ecuador
| | - Irina Villacrés-Granda
- Programa de Doctorado Interuniversitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias Aplicadas, Grupo de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), De Los Colimes esq, Quito, 170513, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adrian Alexander Proaño
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Vía a Nayón, Quito, 170124, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Debut
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, 171103, Ecuador
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, 171103, Ecuador
| | - Karla Vizuete
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, 171103, Ecuador
| | - Lorena Herrero-Bayo
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gonzalez-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, C. Isabel Torres, 21, 39011, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Reinier Abreu-Naranjo
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, 160150, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias Aplicadas, Grupo de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), De Los Colimes esq, Quito, 170513, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José M. Álvarez-Suarez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, 170901, Ecuador
| | - António Machado
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, 170901, Ecuador
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Biofilms in Chronic Wound Infections: Innovative Antimicrobial Approaches Using the In Vitro Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021004. [PMID: 36674518 PMCID: PMC9862456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds have harmful effects on both patients and healthcare systems. Wound chronicity is attributed to an impaired healing process due to several host and local factors that affect healing pathways. The resulting ulcers contain a wide variety of microorganisms that are mostly resistant to antimicrobials and possess the ability to form mono/poly-microbial biofilms. The search for new, effective and safe compounds to handle chronic wounds has come a long way throughout the history of medicine, which has included several studies and trials of conventional treatments. Treatments focus on fighting the microbial colonization that develops in the wound by multidrug resistant pathogens. The development of molecular medicine, especially in antibacterial agents, needs an in vitro model similar to the in vivo chronic wound environment to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. The Lubbock chronic wound biofilm (LCWB) model is an in vitro model developed to mimic the pathogen colonization and the biofilm formation of a real chronic wound, and it is suitable to screen the antibacterial activity of innovative compounds. In this review, we focused on the characteristics of chronic wound biofilms and the contribution of the LCWB model both to the study of wound poly-microbial biofilms and as a model for novel treatment strategies.
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Anju VT, Busi S, Imchen M, Kumavath R, Mohan MS, Salim SA, Subhaswaraj P, Dyavaiah M. Polymicrobial Infections and Biofilms: Clinical Significance and Eradication Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121731. [PMID: 36551388 PMCID: PMC9774821 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are population of cells growing in a coordinated manner and exhibiting resistance towards hostile environments. The infections associated with biofilms are difficult to control owing to the chronicity of infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Most microbial infections are contributed by polymicrobial or mixed species interactions, such as those observed in chronic wound infections, otitis media, dental caries, and cystic fibrosis. This review focuses on the polymicrobial interactions among bacterial-bacterial, bacterial-fungal, and fungal-fungal aggregations based on in vitro and in vivo models and different therapeutic interventions available for polymicrobial biofilms. Deciphering the mechanisms of polymicrobial interactions and microbial diversity in chronic infections is very helpful in anti-microbial research. Together, we have discussed the role of metagenomic approaches in studying polymicrobial biofilms. The outstanding progress made in polymicrobial research, especially the model systems and application of metagenomics for detecting, preventing, and controlling infections, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kerala 671316, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mahima S. Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Simi Asma Salim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Pattnaik Subhaswaraj
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur 768019, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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Rubio-Canalejas A, Baelo A, Herbera S, Blanco-Cabra N, Vukomanovic M, Torrents E. 3D spatial organization and improved antibiotic treatment of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Staphylococcus aureus wound biofilm by nanoparticle enzyme delivery. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959156. [PMID: 36466653 PMCID: PMC9708873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are a relevant health problem worldwide because these pathogens grow embedded in a network of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA, named biofilm, that hinders the transport of antibiotics and increases their antimicrobial tolerance. It is necessary to investigate therapies that improve the penetrability and efficacy of antibiotics. In this context, our main objectives were to study the relationship between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and how their relationship can affect the antimicrobial treatment and investigate whether functionalized silver nanoparticles can improve the antibiotic therapy. We used an optimized in vitro wound model that mimics an in vivo wound to co-culture P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm. The in vitro wound biofilm was treated with antimicrobial combinatory therapies composed of antibiotics (gentamycin and ciprofloxacin) and biofilm-dispersing free or silver nanoparticles functionalized with enzymes (α-amylase, cellulase, DNase I, or proteinase K) to study their antibiofilm efficacy. The interaction and colocalization of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in a wound-like biofilm were examined and detailed characterized by confocal and electronic microscopy. We demonstrated that antibiotic monotherapy is inefficient as it differentially affects the two bacterial species in the mixed biofilm, driving P. aeruginosa to overcome S. aureus when using ciprofloxacin and the contrary when using gentamicin. In contrast, dual-antibiotic therapy efficiently reduces both species while maintaining a balanced population. In addition, DNase I nanoparticle treatment had a potent antibiofilm effect, decreasing P. aeruginosa and S. aureus viability to 0.017 and 7.7%, respectively, in combined antibiotics. The results showed that using nanoparticles functionalized with DNase I enhanced the antimicrobial treatment, decreasing the bacterial viability more than using the antibiotics alone. The enzymes α-amylase and cellulase showed some antibiofilm effect but were less effective compared to the DNase I treatment. Proteinase K showed insignificant antibiofilm effect. Finally, we proposed a three-dimensional colocalization model consisting of S. aureus aggregates within the biofilm structure, which could be associated with the low efficacy of antibiofilm treatments on bacteria. Thus, designing a clinical treatment that combines antibiofilm enzymes and antibiotics may be essential to eliminating chronic wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rubio-Canalejas
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Baelo
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Herbera
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marija Vukomanovic
- Advanced Materials Department, Institute Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Dhekane R, Mhade S, Kaushik KS. Adding a new dimension: Multi-level structure and organization of mixed-species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in a 4-D wound microenvironment. Biofilm 2022; 4:100087. [PMID: 36324526 PMCID: PMC9618786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms in wounds typically consist of aggregates of bacteria, most often Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, in close association with each other and the host microenvironment. Given this, the interplay across host and microbial elements, including the biochemical and nutrient profile of the microenvironment, likely influences the structure and organization of wound biofilms. While clinical studies, in vivo and ex vivo model systems have provided insights into the distribution of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in wounds, they are limited in their ability to provide a detailed characterization of biofilm structure and organization across the host-microbial interface. On the other hand, biomimetic in vitro systems, such as host cell surfaces and simulant media conditions, albeit reductionist, have been shown to support the co-existence of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms, with species-dependent localization patterns and interspecies interactions. Therefore, composite in vitro models that bring together key features of the wound microenvironment could provide unprecedented insights into the structure and organization of mixed-species biofilms. We have built a four-dimensional (4-D) wound microenvironment consisting of a 3-D host cell scaffold of co-cultured human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, and an in vitro wound milieu (IVWM); the IVWM provides the fourth dimension that represents the biochemical and nutrient profile of the wound infection state. We leveraged this 4-D wound microenvironment, in comparison with biofilms in IVWM alone and standard laboratory media, to probe the structure of mixed-species P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms across multiple levels of organization such as aggregate dimensions and biomass thickness, species co-localization and spatial organization within the biomass, overall biomass composition and interspecies interactions. In doing so, the 4-D wound microenvironment platform provides multi-level insights into the structure of mixed-species biofilms, which we incorporate into the current understanding of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus organization in the wound bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Dhekane
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shreeya Mhade
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Mumbai, India
| | - Karishma S. Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India,Corresponding author.
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Ciecholewska-Juśko D, Junka A, Fijałkowski K. The cross-linked bacterial cellulose impregnated with octenidine dihydrochloride-based antiseptic as an antibacterial dressing material for highly-exuding, infected wounds. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127125. [PMID: 35878492 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The highly absorbent, antibacterial dressings with a sustained release of the antimicrobial are considered necessary measures to counteract chronic wound biofilm-based infections. This study aimed to analyze wet and dry bacterial cellulose (BC) materials, modified by chemical cross-linking, and impregnated with an antiseptic based on octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) in the context of its antibiofilm/antibacterial activity, exudate absorption, and cytotoxicity. The native BC was obtained from cost-effective, ecological-friendly potato juice (leftover from the starch industry). The ability to absorb and retain OCT, exudate absorption capacity, the kinetics of OCT release as well as antibiofilm/antibacterial activity of modified BC materials against biofilm-forming and planktonic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated. The performed analyses revealed that modified BC materials, thanks to their layered structure with numerous air spaces, were characterized by sustained exudate absorption and OCT release profile, which allowed them to exhibit high antimicrobial activity for up to 7 days, with a reduction of planktonic and biofilm cells of 84-100% and 69-93%, respectively. The modified BC materials showed also no cytotoxicity against fibroblast cell line L929 in vitro and were characterized by firm adhesion to the curved surfaces. These results indicate that cross-linked BC impregnated with OCT may be a particularly promising dressing material (obtained using sustainable processes), especially in the treatment of biofilm-infected, highly-exuding wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Ciecholewska-Juśko
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Borowska 211a, 50534 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
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Antimicrobial Combined Action of Graphene Oxide and Light Emitting Diodes for Chronic Wound Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136942. [PMID: 35805944 PMCID: PMC9266944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative non-antibiotic compounds such as graphene oxide (GO) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may represent a valid strategy for managing chronic wound infections related to resistant pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate 630 nm LED and 880 nm LED ability to enhance the GO antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus- and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-resistant strains in a dual-species biofilm in the Lubbock chronic wound biofilm (LCWB) model. The effect of a 630 nm LED, alone or plus 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALAD)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) (ALAD-PDT), or an 880 nm LED on the GO (50 mg/l) action was evaluated by determining the CFU/mg reductions, live/dead analysis, scanning electron microscope observation, and reactive oxygen species assay. Among the LCWBs, the best effect was obtained with GO irradiated with ALAD-PDT, with percentages of CFU/mg reduction up to 78.96% ± 0.21 and 95.17% ± 2.56 for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The microscope images showed a reduction in the cell number and viability when treated with GO + ALAD-PDT. In addition, increased ROS production was detected. No differences were recorded when GO was irradiated with an 880 nm LED versus GO alone. The obtained results suggest that treatment with GO irradiated with ALAD-PDT represents a valid, sustainable strategy to counteract the polymicrobial colonization of chronic wounds.
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Baran E, Górska A, Birczyński A, Hudy W, Kulinowski W, Jamróz W, Węglarz WP, Kulinowski P. In Vitro Wound Dressing Stack Model as a First Step to Evaluate the Behavior of Dressing Materials in Wound Bed-An Assessment of Mass Transport Phenomena in Hydrogel Wound Dressings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7702. [PMID: 34947294 PMCID: PMC8706781 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Wound dressings when applied are in contact with wound exudates in vivo or with acceptor fluid when testing drug release from wound dressing in vitro. Therefore, the assessment of bidirectional mass transport phenomena in dressing after application on the substrate is important but has never been addressed in this context. For this reason, an in vitro wound dressing stack model was developed and implemented in the 3D printed holder. The stack was imaged using magnetic resonance imaging, i.e., relaxometric imaging was performed by means of T2 relaxation time and signal amplitude 1D profiles across the wound stack. As a substrate, fetal bovine serum or propylene glycol were used to simulate in vivo or in vitro cases. Multi-exponential analysis of the spatially resolved magnetic resonance signal enabled to distinguish components originating from water and propylene glycol in various environments. The spatiotemporal evolution of these components was assessed. The components were related to mass transport (water, propylene glycol) in the dressing/substrate system and subsequent changes of physicochemical properties of the dressing and adjacent substrate. Sharp changes in spatial profiles were detected and identified as moving fronts. It can be concluded that: (1) An attempt to assess mass transport phenomena was carried out revealing the spatial structure of the wound dressing in terms of moving fronts and corresponding layers; (2) Moving fronts, layers and their temporal evolution originated from bidirectional mass transport between wound dressing and substrate. The setup can be further applied to dressings containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Baran
- Institute of Technology, The Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (E.B.); (A.B.); (W.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Anna Górska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Artur Birczyński
- Institute of Technology, The Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (E.B.); (A.B.); (W.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Wiktor Hudy
- Institute of Technology, The Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (E.B.); (A.B.); (W.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Wojciech Kulinowski
- Institute of Technology, The Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (E.B.); (A.B.); (W.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Witold Jamróz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Władysław P. Węglarz
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kulinowski
- Institute of Technology, The Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (E.B.); (A.B.); (W.H.); (W.K.)
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11
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He W, Zhang Z, Chen J, Zheng Y, Xie Y, Liu W, Wu J, Mosselhy DA. Evaluation of the anti-biofilm activities of bacterial cellulose-tannic acid-magnesium chloride composites using an in vitro multispecies biofilm model. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab054. [PMID: 34754505 PMCID: PMC8569941 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a serious worldwide problem, which are often accompanied by wound infections. In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC)-based composites introduced with tannic acid (TA) and magnesium chloride (BC-TA-Mg) were fabricated for anti-biofilm activities. The prepared composites' surface properties, mechanical capacity, thermal stability, water absorption and retention property, releasing behavior, anti-biofilm activities and potential cytotoxicity were tested. Results showed that TA and MgCl2 particles closely adhered to the nanofibers of BC membranes, thus increasing surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the membranes. While the introduction of TA and MgCl2 did not influence the transparency of the membranes, making it beneficial for wound inspection. BC-TA and BC-TA-Mg composites displayed increased tensile strength and elongation at break compared to pure BC. Moreover, BC-TA-Mg exhibited higher water absorption and retention capacity than BC and BC-TA, suitable for the absorption of wound exudates. BC-TA-Mg demonstrated controlled release of TA and good inhibitory effect on both singly cultured Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and co-cultured biofilm of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity grade of BC-TA-6Mg membrane was eligible based on standard toxicity classifications. These indicated that BC-TA-Mg is potential to be used as wound dressings combating biofilms in chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Suzhou Xiangcheng Medical Materials Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215028, China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Suzhou Xiangcheng Medical Materials Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215028, China
- Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Dina A Mosselhy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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12
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Antimicrobial Peptide L18R Displays a Modulating Action against Inter-Kingdom Biofilms in the Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm Model. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081779. [PMID: 34442858 PMCID: PMC8399358 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound infections represent an important health problem due to the reduced response to antimicrobial treatment of the pathogens organized in structured biofilms. This study investigated the effects of the previously described antifungal peptide L18R against three representative wound pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of L18R was evaluated (i) against single planktonic microbial populations; (ii) on single, dual, and triadic species of biofilms in both the early stage and mature stage; and (iii) in the polymicrobial Lubbock chronic wound biofilm (LCWB) model, mimicking spatial microbial colonization. This study used the evaluation of CFUs, biofilm biomass detection, and confocal and scanning electron microscopy analysis. L18R showed a significant antimicrobial activity against planktonic microorganisms and was able to differentially reduce the biomass of monomicrobial biofilms. No reduction of biomass was observed against the polymicrobial biofilm. In mature LCWB, L18R caused a moderate reduction in total CFU number, with a variable effect on the different microorganisms. Microscopy images confirmed a predominant presence of P.aeruginosa and a lower percentage of C. albicans cells. These findings suggest a modulating action of L18R and recommend further studies on its potential role in chronic wound management in association with conventional antibiotics or alternative treatments.
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13
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Cheong JZA, Johnson CJ, Wan H, Liu A, Kernien JF, Gibson ALF, Nett JE, Kalan LR. Priority effects dictate community structure and alter virulence of fungal-bacterial biofilms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2012-2027. [PMID: 33558690 PMCID: PMC8245565 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms are a hallmark of chronic wound infection. The forces governing assembly and maturation of these microbial ecosystems are largely unexplored but the consequences on host response and clinical outcome can be significant. In the context of wound healing, formation of a biofilm and a stable microbial community structure is associated with impaired tissue repair resulting in a non-healing chronic wound. These types of wounds can persist for years simmering below the threshold of classically defined clinical infection (which includes heat, pain, redness, and swelling) and cycling through phases of recurrent infection. In the most severe outcome, amputation of lower extremities may occur if spreading infection ensues. Here we take an ecological perspective to study priority effects and competitive exclusion on overall biofilm community structure in a three-membered community comprised of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii, and Candida albicans derived from a chronic wound. We show that both priority effects and inter-bacterial competition for binding to C. albicans biofilms significantly shape community structure on both abiotic and biotic substrates, such as ex vivo human skin wounds. We further show attachment of C. freundii to C. albicans is mediated by mannose-binding lectins. Co-cultures of C. freundii and C. albicans trigger the yeast-to-hyphae transition, resulting in a significant increase in neutrophil death and inflammation compared to either species alone. Collectively, the results presented here facilitate our understanding of fungal-bacterial interactions and their effects on host-microbe interactions, pathogenesis, and ultimately, wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Alex Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chad J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hanxiao Wan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aiping Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John F Kernien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Angela L F Gibson
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeniel E Nett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lindsay R Kalan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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14
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Chen X, Lorenzen J, Xu Y, Jonikaite M, Thaarup IC, Bjarnsholt T, Kirketerp-Møller K, Thomsen TR. A novel chronic wound biofilm model sustaining coexistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus suitable for testing of antibiofilm effect of antimicrobial solutions and wound dressings. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:820-829. [PMID: 34105845 PMCID: PMC8453894 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a large burden to patients and healthcare systems. Biofilm infections in chronic wounds are crucial factors leading to non‐healing of wounds. It is important to study biofilm in wounds and to develop effective interventions against wound biofilm. This study presents a novel in vitro biofilm model mimicking infected chronic wounds. The novel layered chronic wound biofilm model uses woundlike media and includes both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which have been identified as the most important pathogens in wounds. The model sustains their coexistence for at least 96 h. Microscopy of the model revealed microbial growth in non‐surface attached microcolonies as previously observed in vivo. The model was used to determine log10‐reduction for the use of an antimicrobial solution and antimicrobial dressings (containing silver or honey) showing moderate‐to‐low antibiofilm effect, which indicates better concordance with the observed clinical performance of this type of treatment than other widely used standard tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Jan Lorenzen
- Environmental Technology, Danish Technology Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark.,Environmental Technology, Danish Technology Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Monika Jonikaite
- Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Kirketerp-Møller
- Department of Dermatology and Wounds, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Rolighed Thomsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark.,Environmental Technology, Danish Technology Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Thaarup IC, Bjarnsholt T. Current In Vitro Biofilm-Infected Chronic Wound Models for Developing New Treatment Possibilities. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:91-102. [PMID: 32496982 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence of chronic wounds is increasing worldwide. The most recent estimates suggest that up to 2% of the population in the industrialized countries is affected. Recent Advances: During the past few decades, bacterial biofilms have been elucidated as one of the primary reasons why chronic wounds fail to heal. Critical Issues: There is a lack of direct causation and evidence of the role that biofilms play in persistent wounds, which complicates research on new treatment options, since it is still unknown which factors dominate. For this reason, several different in vitro wound models that mimic the biofilm infections observed in chronic wounds and other chronic infections have been created. These different models are, among other purposes, used to test a variety of wound care products. However, chronic wounds are highly complex, and several different factors must be taken into consideration along with the infection, including physiochemical and human-supplemented factors. Furthermore, the limitations of using in vitro models, such as the lack of a responsive immune system should always be given due consideration. Future Directions: Present understandings of all the elements and interactions that take place within chronic wounds are incomplete. As our insight of in vivo chronic wounds continues to expand, so too must the in vitro models used to mimic these infections evolve and adapt to new knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida C. Thaarup
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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TOPALOĞLU AVŞAR N, BAKAY E, KOLKIRAN A. Photodynamic action of chlorin e6 against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus with the aid of ethanol. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.740365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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17
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Di Giulio M, Di Lodovico S, Fontana A, Traini T, Di Campli E, Pilato S, D'Ercole S, Cellini L. Graphene Oxide affects Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual species biofilm in Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18525. [PMID: 33116164 PMCID: PMC7595099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound management becomes a complex procedure because of the persistence of forming biofilm pathogens that do not respond to antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this paper is to detect the Graphene Oxide-GO effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa dual species wound biofilm in Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm-LCWB model. LCWB is a recognized model that mimics the spatial microbial colonization into chronic wounds and reproduces the wound and its clot. Staphylococcus aureus PECHA 10 and P. aeruginosa PECHA 4, are the pathogens used in the study. The GO effect on both in forming and mature biofilms, is detected by the evaluation of the CFU/mg reduction, the cell viability and ultrastructural analysis of the treated LCWBs. Graphene Oxide, at 50 mg/l, shows a significant antibiofilm effect in forming and mature LCWBs. In particular, during the biofilm formation, GO reduces the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa growth of 55.05% ± 4.73 and 44.18% ± 3.91 compared to the control. In mature biofilm, GO affects S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by reducing their growth of 70.24% ± 4.47 and 63.68% ± 17.56, respectively. Images taken by SEM show that GO display a disaggregated microbial effect also disrupting the fibrin network of the wound-like biofilm framework. In conclusion, GO used against microorganisms grown in LCWB, displays a significant inhibitory action resulting in a promising tool for potential application in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Di Campli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Serena Pilato
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simonetta D'Ercole
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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18
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Haupenthal J, Kautz Y, Elgaher WAM, Pätzold L, Röhrig T, Laschke MW, Tschernig T, Hirsch AKH, Molodtsov V, Murakami KS, Hartmann RW, Bischoff M. Evaluation of Bacterial RNA Polymerase Inhibitors in a Staphylococcus aureus-Based Wound Infection Model in SKH1 Mice. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2573-2581. [PMID: 32886885 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds infected with pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus represent a worldwide health concern, especially in patients with a compromised immune system. As antimicrobial resistance has become an immense global problem, novel antibiotics are urgently needed. One strategy to overcome this threatening situation is the search for drugs targeting novel binding sites on essential and validated enzymes such as the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). In this work, we describe the establishment of an in vivo wound infection model based on the pathogen S. aureus and hairless Crl:SKH1-Hrhr (SKH1) mice. The model proved to be a valuable preclinical tool to study selected RNAP inhibitors after topical application. While rifampicin showed a reduction in the loss of body weight induced by the bacteria, an acceleration of wound healing kinetics, and a reduced number of colony forming units in the wound, the ureidothiophene-2-carboxylic acid 1 was inactive under in vivo conditions, probably due to strong plasma protein binding. The cocrystal structure of compound 1 with RNAP, that we hereby also present, will be of great value for applying appropriate structural modifications to further optimize the compound, especially in terms of plasma protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Yannik Kautz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Walid A. M. Elgaher
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Linda Pätzold
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Teresa Röhrig
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Vadim Molodtsov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Katsuhiko S. Murakami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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19
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Effects of wound dressings containing silver on skin and immune cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15216. [PMID: 32939010 PMCID: PMC7494852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound dressings with silver have been shown to be cytotoxic in vitro. However, the extrapolation of this cytotoxicity to clinical settings is unclear. We applied dressings with various forms of silver on porcine skin ex vivo and investigated silver penetration and DNA damage. We assessed antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxicity to skin cells, and immune response induced by the dressings. All dressings elevated the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX and the expression of stress-related genes in explanted skin relative to control. This corresponded with the amount of silver in the skin. The dressings reduced viability, induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in skin cells, and induced the production of pro-inflammatory IL-6 by monocytes. The oxidative burst and viability of activated neutrophils decreased. The amount of silver released into the culture medium varied among the dressings and correlated with in vitro toxicity. However, antimicrobial efficiencies did not correlate strongly with the amount of silver released from the dressings. Antimicrobial efficiency and toxicity are driven by the form of silver and the construction of dressings and not only by the silver concentration. The damaging effects of silver dressings in ex vivo skin highlight the importance of thorough in vivo investigation of silver dressing toxicity.
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20
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Wu YF, Lee TY, Liao WT, Chuan HH, Cheng NC, Cheng CM. Rapid detection of biofilm with modified alcian blue staining: In-vitro protocol improvement and validation with clinical cases. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:834-843. [PMID: 32691440 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For chronic wounds, biofilm infection is a critical issue because it can tip the scales toward an unhealing state. Biofilm-based wound therapy has been extensively advocated. However, point-of-care biofilm diagnosis still largely relies on clinical judgment. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid tool for diagnosing wound biofilm presence by alcian blue staining. First, we sought to optimize alcian blue staining using a colorimetric-based approach to detect the biofilm, specifically targeting polysaccharides in the extracellular polymeric substances. Among examined transfer membranes and cationic detergents at various concentrations, we selected a positively charged nylon transfer membrane for sample loading, and 1% cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) as the blocking solution. After sample loading and blocking, the membrane was immersed in alcian blue solution for staining, followed by immersion in 1% CTAC to decrease background noise. Each step required only 30 seconds, and the whole procedure was completed within a few minutes. In the second part of this study, we enrolled 31 patients with chronic wounds to investigate the predictive validity of biofilm detection for unhealed wounds at a 1-month follow-up visit. Among the 18 cases with positive wound biofilm staining, 15 wounds (83.3%) were not healed at the 1-month follow-up visit. Only three unhealed wounds (30%) produced in negative staining cases. This finding indicates that biofilm infection is associated with poor healing outcome for chronic wounds. Moreover, our staining results correlated well with the clinical microbiological culture assessment (83.9% consistency; 95.2% sensitivity, and 60% specificity). In conclusion, the modified alcian blue staining protocol used here represents a rapid and sensitive procedure for detecting biofilm in chronic wounds. This technique provides a practical point-of-care approach for detection of wound biofilm, the implementation of which may improve clinical outcomes for chronic wound patients. Additional studies are required to validate this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Yuh Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Hsien Chuan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Chu-Tung Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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21
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Monteiro JSC, Rangel EE, de Oliveira SCPS, Crugeira PJL, Nunes IPF, de A Fagnani SRC, Sampaio FJP, de Almeida PF, Pinheiro ALB. Enhancement of photodynamic inactivation of planktonic cultures of Staphylococcus aureus by DMMB-AuNPs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101930. [PMID: 32717452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation is a promising method for the treatment of infectious diseases. Nanotechnology through gold nanoparticles, as a tool to improve the delivery of photosensitizer is an attractive approach to enhance photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. Moreover, gold nanoparticles enchance the absorption of light due to their plasmon resonance. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro photodynamic inactivation effects of 1.9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue (DMMB)-AuNPs associated with the red LED (λ630 ηm ± 20 ηm, 125 mW, 12 J / cm², 192 s) on S. aureus strain. Eight experimental groups were studied: Control, LED, AuNPs, AuNPs + LED, DMMB, DMMB + LED, DMMB + AuNPs, DMMB + AuNPs + LED. After incubation, the number of bacteria surviving each treatment was determined and then enumerated by viable counting (CFU / mL). The logarithm of CFU / mL (CFU/mL log10) was calculated. All experiments realized in triplicate. The statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA tests, Tukey's multiple comparisons and nonlinear regression, p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. According to results, the photodynamic inactivation of S. aureus on groups DMMB + LED and DMMB-AuNPs + LED, showed a significant reduction of the microbial load (p < 0.0001) when compared to the Control group. The decimal reduction (RD) of these groups were 99.96 % (RD = 3) and 99.994 % (RD = 4) respectively. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that photodynamic inactivation is enhanced by using DMMB-AuNPs on S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S C Monteiro
- Department of Biology, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santa, BA, CEP 44036-900, Brazil; Center of Biophotonics, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Emília E Rangel
- Department of Biology, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santa, BA, CEP 44036-900, Brazil.
| | - Susana C P S de Oliveira
- Center of Biophotonics, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Pedro J L Crugeira
- Center of Biophotonics, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Ecology of Micro-organisms, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Ave, S/N, Salvador, BA, CEP:40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Iago P F Nunes
- Department of Biology, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santa, BA, CEP 44036-900, Brazil; Center of Biophotonics, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Sandra R C de A Fagnani
- Department of Biology, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santa, BA, CEP 44036-900, Brazil; Center of Biophotonics, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Fernando J P Sampaio
- Department of Biology, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santa, BA, CEP 44036-900, Brazil; Center of Biophotonics, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - Paulo F de Almeida
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Ecology of Micro-organisms, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Ave, S/N, Salvador, BA, CEP:40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Antônio L B Pinheiro
- Center of Biophotonics, Federal University of Bahia, 62, Araujo Pinho Ave, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-150, Brazil; National Institute of Basic Optics and Applied to Life Science, 400, Trabalhador São-Carlense Ave, Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP, CEP:13566-590, Brazil.
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22
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Gounani Z, Şen Karaman D, Venu AP, Cheng F, Rosenholm JM. Coculture of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on cell derived matrix - An in vitro model of biofilms in infected wounds. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 175:105994. [PMID: 32593628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms are major complications of various chronic infections. Therefore, in vitro biorelevant polymicrobial biofilm models are essential tools for medical studies. This study presents an in vitro model for dual species biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus developed on cell-derived matrices (CDMs), in order to simulate the microenvironment of in vivo biofilms. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are two of the most frequent pathogens in polymicrobial biofilms of wound infections. Although they are commonly isolated from polymicrobial biofilms, their interaction is antagonistic; and there is severe battle between them for nutrients and space. We introduced a nutritious formulation supporting co-cultures of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in order to study the interaction of these gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that the enrichment of tryptic soy broth (TSB) with NaCl and glucose facilitate dual-species biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus when it is mixed with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Furthermore, the dual species biofilm was incubated on CDMs. Characterization of the model by fluorescent and electron microscopy techniques revealed realistic features of chronic multi-species biofilms, including competitive distribution pattern of two bacterial species and small-colony variants (SCVs) morphology of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gounani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland; Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland.
| | - Didem Şen Karaman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Arun P Venu
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Fang Cheng
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland.
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23
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Majtan J, Sojka M, Palenikova H, Bucekova M, Majtan V. Vitamin C Enhances the Antibacterial Activity of Honey against Planktonic and Biofilm-Embedded Bacteria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040992. [PMID: 32102181 PMCID: PMC7070301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial antibacterial action is an important feature of honey; however, its bactericidal efficacy against biofilm-embedded bacteria is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vitamin C (Vit C) on the antibacterial activity of natural honeys against planktonic as well as biofilm-embedded bacterial pathogens. The antibacterial activity of four honey samples supplemented with Vit C was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). At sub-MICs, Vit C significantly increased the antibacterial activity of the tested honeys against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in planktonic cultures. However, after supplementation, honeydew honey, the most active honey, was ineffective against Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, when 100% honeydew honey was supplemented with Vit C (100 mg/g of honey) in a multispecies wound biofilm model, complete eradication of almost all bacterial isolates, including S. aureus, was observed. Furthermore, a mixture of honey and Vit C was partially effective against Enterococcus faecalis, whereas honey alone exhibited no antibacterial activity against this bacterium. Vit C counteracted hydrogen peroxide in honey solution and, thus, eliminated the major antibacterial compound present in honey. It is likely that a combination of honey with Vit C may trigger the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in bacterial cells, but the exact cellular mechanisms warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Majtan
- Laboratory of Apidology and Apitherapy, Department of Microbial Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.P.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-903-869413
| | - Martin Sojka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.S.); (V.M.)
- Regional Health Public Authority, Medercska 39, 945 75 Komarno, Slovakia
| | - Helena Palenikova
- Laboratory of Apidology and Apitherapy, Department of Microbial Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcela Bucekova
- Laboratory of Apidology and Apitherapy, Department of Microbial Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.P.); (M.B.)
- Protein Science Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Viktor Majtan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.S.); (V.M.)
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Current Status of In Vitro Models and Assays for Susceptibility Testing for Wound Biofilm Infections. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020034. [PMID: 31052271 PMCID: PMC6630351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm infections have gained recognition as an important therapeutic challenge in the last several decades due to their relationship with the chronicity of infectious diseases. Studies of novel therapeutic treatments targeting infections require the development and use of models to mimic the formation and characteristics of biofilms within host tissues. Due to the diversity of reported in vitro models and lack of consensus, this review aims to provide a summary of in vitro models currently used in research. In particular, we review the various reported in vitro models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms due to its high clinical impact in chronic wounds and in other chronic infections. We assess advances in in vitro models that incorporate relevant multispecies biofilms found in infected wounds, such as P. aeruginosa with Staphylococcus aureus, and additional elements such as mammalian cells, simulating fluids, and tissue explants in an attempt to better represent the physiological conditions found at an infection site. It is hoped this review will aid researchers in the field to make appropriate choices in their proposed studies with regards to in vitro models and methods.
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25
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Dual role of iodine, silver, chlorhexidine and octenidine as antimicrobial and antiprotease agents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211055. [PMID: 30703114 PMCID: PMC6355201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The majority of human chronic wounds contain bacterial biofilms, which produce proteases and retard the resolution of inflammation. This in turn leads to elevated patient protease activity. Chronic wounds progressing towards closure show a reduction in proteolytic degradation. Therefore, the modulation of protease activity may lead to the faster healing of chronic wounds. Antimicrobials are used to control biofilm-based infection; however, some of them also exhibit the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and bacterial proteases. We investigated the antimicrobial agents used in wound healing for their potential to inhibit bacterial and host proteases relevant to chronic wounds. Methods Using in vitro zymography, we tested the ability of povidone-iodine, silver lactate, chlorhexidine digluconate, and octenidine hydrochloride to inhibit selected human proteases and proteases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, and Serratia liquefaciens. We investigated penetration and skin protease inhibition by means of in situ zymography. Results All the tested antimicrobials inhibited both eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteases in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The tested compounds were also able to penetrate into skin ex vivo and inhibit the resident proteases. Silver lactate and chlorhexidine digluconate showed an inhibitory effect ex vivo even in partial contact with skin in Franz diffusion cells. Conclusions Our in vitro and ex vivo results suggest that wound healing devices which contain iodine, silver, chlorhexidine, and octenidine may add value to the antibacterial effect and also aid in chronic wound healing. Antiprotease effects should be considered in the design of future antimicrobial wound healing devices.
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Oxaran V, Dittmann KK, Lee SHI, Chaul LT, Fernandes de Oliveira CA, Corassin CH, Alves VF, De Martinis ECP, Gram L. Behavior of Foodborne Pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in Mixed-Species Biofilms Exposed to Biocides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e02038-18. [PMID: 30291117 PMCID: PMC6275347 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature and man-made environments, microorganisms reside in mixed-species biofilms, in which the growth and metabolism of an organism are different from these behaviors in single-species biofilms. Pathogenic microorganisms may be protected against adverse treatments in mixed-species biofilms, leading to health risk for humans. Here, we developed two mixed five-species biofilms that included one or the other of the foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus The five species, including the pathogen, were isolated from a single food-processing environmental sample, thus mimicking the environmental community. In mature mixed five-species biofilms on stainless steel, the two pathogens remained at a constant level of ∼105 CFU/cm2 The mixed five-species biofilms as well as the pathogens in monospecies biofilms were exposed to biocides to determine any pathogen-protective effect of the mixed biofilm. Both pathogens and their associate microbial communities were reduced by peracetic acid treatments. S. aureus decreased by 4.6 log cycles in monospecies biofilms, but the pathogen was protected in the five-species biofilm and decreased by only 1.1 log cycles. Sessile cells of L. monocytogenes were affected to the same extent when in a monobiofilm or as a member of the mixed-species biofilm, decreasing by 3 log cycles when exposed to 0.0375% peracetic acid. When the pathogen was exchanged in each associated microbial community, S. aureus was eradicated, while there was no significant effect of the biocide on L. monocytogenes or the mixed community. This indicates that particular members or associations in the community offered the protective effect. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of biocide protection and to identify the species playing the protective role in microbial communities of biofilms.IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that foodborne pathogens can be established in mixed-species biofilms and that this can protect them from biocide action. The protection is not due to specific characteristics of the pathogen, here S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, but likely caused by specific members or associations in the mixed-species biofilm. Biocide treatment and resistance are a challenge for many industries, and biocide efficacy should be tested on microorganisms growing in biofilms, preferably mixed systems, mimicking the application environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karen Kiesbye Dittmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah H I Lee
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Toubas Chaul
- FF/UFG, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Humberto Corassin
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Liu
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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28
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Klein P, Sojka M, Kucera J, Matonohova J, Pavlik V, Nemec J, Kubickova G, Slavkovsky R, Szuszkiewicz K, Danek P, Rozkot M, Velebny V. A porcine model of skin wound infected with a polybacterial biofilm. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:226-236. [PMID: 29405092 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1425684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A clinically relevant porcine model of a biofilm-infected wound was established in 10 minipigs. The wounds of six experimental animals were infected with a modified polymicrobial Lubbock chronic wound biofilm consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Four animals served as uninfected controls. The wounds were monitored until they had healed for 24 days. The biofilm persisted in the wounds up to day 14 and significantly affected healing. The control to infected healed wound area ratios were: 45%/21%, 66%/37%, and 90%/57% on days 7, 10 and 14, respectively. The implanted biofilm prolonged inflammation, increased necrosis, delayed granulation and impaired development of the extracellular matrix as seen in histological and gene expression analyses. This model provides a therapeutic one-week window for testing of anti-biofilm treatments and for research on the pathogenesis of wound infections in pig that is clinically the most relevant animal wound healing model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Klein
- a Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen , Charles University , Pilsen , Czech Republic
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sojka
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- c Faculty of Medicine , Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Jan Kucera
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- d Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
- e Czech Centre for Phenogenomics , Institute of Molecular Genetics/BIOCEV , Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Matonohova
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Pavlik
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- f Department of Dermatology, Third Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Nemec
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
| | | | - Rastislav Slavkovsky
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- g Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Palacky University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Szuszkiewicz
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
- h Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , University of Pardubice , Pardubice , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Danek
- i Department of Pig Breeding , Institute of Animal Science , Kostelec nad Orlici , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Rozkot
- i Department of Pig Breeding , Institute of Animal Science , Kostelec nad Orlici , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Velebny
- b R&D Department , Contipro, a.s. , Dolni Dobrouc , Czech Republic
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29
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Alvarado-Gomez E, Perez-Diaz M, Valdez-Perez D, Ruiz-Garcia J, Magaña-Aquino M, Martinez-Castañon G, Martinez-Gutierrez F. Adhesion forces of biofilms developed in vitro from clinical strains of skin wounds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 82:336-344. [PMID: 29025667 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A biofilm is a very complex consortium formed by a mix of different microorganisms, which have become an important health problem, because its formation is a resistance mechanism used by bacteria against antibiotics or the immune system. In this work, we show differences between some physicochemical properties of biofilms in mono- and multi-species, formed by bacteria from clinical samples of infected chronic wounds. Of the most prevalent bacteria in wounds, two mono- and one multi-species biofilms were developed in vitro by Drip Flow Reactor: one biofilm was developed by S. aureus, other by P. aeruginosa, and a third one by the mix of both strains. With these biofilms, we determined microbial growth by plate counting, and their physicochemical characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy, Raman Micro-Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. We found that the viability of S. aureus was less than P. aeruginosa in multi-species biofilm. However, the adhesion force of S. aureus is much higher than that of P. aeruginosa, but it decreased while that of P. aeruginosa increased in the multi-species biofilm. In addition, we found free pyrimidines functional groups in the P. aeruginosa biofilm and its mix with S. aureus. Surprisingly, each bacterium alone formed single layer biofilms, while the mix bacteria formed a multilayer biofilm at the same observation time. Our results show the necessity to evaluate biofilms from clinically isolated strains and have a better understanding of the adhesion forces of bacteria in biofilm multispecies, which could be of prime importance in developing more effective treatments against biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Alvarado-Gomez
- Microbiology Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava No. 6, CP 78210 San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Diaz
- Microbiology Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava No. 6, CP 78210 San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Donato Valdez-Perez
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Edif. Z-4 3er Piso, CP 07738 Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Jaime Ruiz-Garcia
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava No. 6, CP 78210 San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Martin Magaña-Aquino
- Infectology Department, Hospital Central "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto", Av. Venustiano Carranza No. 2395, Zona Universitaria, CP 78290 San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Gabriel Martinez-Castañon
- Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava No. 6, CP 78210 San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Fidel Martinez-Gutierrez
- Microbiology Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Manuel Nava No. 6, CP 78210 San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico.
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Trivedi U, Madsen JS, Rumbaugh KP, Wolcott RD, Burmølle M, Sørensen SJ. A post-planktonic era of in vitro infectious models: issues and changes addressed by a clinically relevant wound like media. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:453-465. [PMID: 27869519 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1252312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medical science is pitted against an ever-increasing rise in antibiotic tolerant microorganisms. Concurrently, during the past decade, biofilms have garnered much attention within research and clinical practice. Although the significance of clinical biofilms is becoming very apparent, current methods for diagnostics and direction of therapy plans in many hospitals do not reflect this knowledge; with many of the present tools proving to be inadequate for accurately mimicking the biofilm phenomenon. Based on current findings, we address some of the fundamental issues overlooked by clinical labs: the paradigm shifts that need to occur in assessing chronic wounds; better simulation of physiological conditions in vitro; and the importance of incorporating polymicrobial populations into biofilm models. In addition, this review considers using a biofilm relevant in vitro model for cultivating and determining the antibiotic tolerance and susceptibility of microorganisms associated with chronic wounds. This model presents itself as a highly rapid and functional tool that can be utilized by hospitals in an aim to improve bedside treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvish Trivedi
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jonas S Madsen
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kendra P Rumbaugh
- b Department of Surgery , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX , USA
| | | | - Mette Burmølle
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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31
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Fila G, Kasimova K, Arenas Y, Nakonieczna J, Grinholc M, Bielawski KP, Lilge L. Murine Model Imitating Chronic Wound Infections for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1258. [PMID: 27555843 PMCID: PMC4977341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally acknowledged that the age of antibiotics could come to an end, due to their widespread, and inappropriate use. Particularly for chronic wounds alternatives are being thought. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (APDT) is a potential candidate, and while approved for some indications, such as periodontitis, chronic sinusitis and other niche indications, its use in chronic wounds is not established. To further facilitate the development of APDT in chronic wounds we present an easy to use animal model exhibiting the key hallmarks of chronic wounds, based on full-thickness skin wounds paired with an optically transparent cover. The moisture-retaining wound exhibited rapid expansion of pathogen colonies up to 8 days while not jeopardizing the host survival. Use of two bioluminescent pathogens; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa permits real time monitoring of the pathogens. The murine model was employed to evaluate the performance of four different photosensitizers as mediators in Photodynamic Therapy. While all four photosensitizers, Rose Bengal, porphyrin TMPyP, New Methylene Blue, and TLD1411 demonstrated good to excellent antimicrobial efficacy in planktonic solutions at 1 to 50 μM concentrations, whereas in in vivo the growth delay was limited with 24–48 h delay in pathogen expansion for MRSA, and we noticed longer growth suppression of P. aeruginosa with TLD1411 mediated Photodynamic Therapy. The murine model will enable developing new strategies for enhancement of APDT for chronic wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Fila
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamola Kasimova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Joanna Nakonieczna
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof P Bielawski
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Sojka M, Valachova I, Bucekova M, Majtan J. Antibiofilm efficacy of honey and bee-derived defensin-1 on multispecies wound biofilm. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:337-344. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sojka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 13, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Valachova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Bucekova
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Molecular Apidology and Apitherapy, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Majtan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 13, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Molecular Apidology and Apitherapy, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Brackman G, Garcia-Fernandez MJ, Lenoir J, De Meyer L, Remon JP, De Beer T, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Coenye T. Dressings Loaded with Cyclodextrin-Hamamelitannin Complexes Increase Staphylococcus aureus Susceptibility Toward Antibiotics Both in Single as well as in Mixed Biofilm Communities. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:859-69. [PMID: 26891369 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria reside within biofilms at the infection site, making them extremely difficult to eradicate with conventional wound care products. Bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) systems to regulate biofilm formation, and QS inhibitors (QSIs) have been proposed as promising antibiofilm agents. Despite this, few antimicrobial therapies that interfere with QS exist. Nontoxic hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-functionalized cellulose gauzes releasing a burst of the antibiotic vancomycin and the QSI hamamelitannin are developed, followed by a sustained release of both. The gauzes affect QS and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro model of chronic wound infection and can be considered as candidates to be used to prevent wound infection as well as treat infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Brackman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria José Garcia-Fernandez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joke Lenoir
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens De Meyer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Taylor B, Marsh L, Nosworthy J, Williams D. A novel approach to antibiofilm susceptibility testing using a thermo-reversible matrix. J Wound Care 2016; 25:62, 64-7. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.J. Taylor
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff
| | - L.L. Marsh
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff
| | - J.O. Nosworthy
- Advanced Medical Solutions Ltd, 33 Premier Park, Winsford, Cheshire
| | - D.W. Williams
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff
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Oates A, McBain AJ. Growth of MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a fine-celled foam model containing sessile commensal skin bacteria. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:25-33. [PMID: 26727101 PMCID: PMC4706025 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1117607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sessile cultures of the skin bacteria Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Corynebacterium xerosis were grown using novel fine-celled foam substrata to test the outcome of challenge by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa under three growth medium regimens (simulated sweat, simulated serum or simulated sweat substituted with simulated serum during the microbial challenge). S. saprophyticus and C. xerosis significantly limited MRSA and P. aeruginosa immigration respectively, under the simulated sweat and serum medium regimes. Under the substitution medium regime however, MRSA and P. aeruginosa integrated into pre-established biofilms to a significantly greater extent, attaining cell densities similar to the axenic controls. The outcome of challenge was influenced by the medium composition and test organism but could not be predicted based on planktonic competition assays or growth dynamics. Interactions between skin and wound isolates could be modelled using the fine-celled foam-based system. This model could be used to further investigate interactions and also in preclinical studies of antimicrobial wound care regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Oates
- Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J. McBain
- Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Interactions between microbes are complex and play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections. These interactions can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual growth. An increasing appreciation for these interactions, and desire to uncover the mechanisms that govern them, has resulted in a shift from monomicrobial to polymicrobial biofilm studies in different disease models. Here we provide an overview of biofilm models used to study select polymicrobial infections and highlight the impact that the interactions between microbes within these biofilms have on disease progression. Notable recent advances in the development of polymicrobial biofilm-associated infection models and challenges facing the study of polymicrobial biofilms are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Gabrilska
- Departments of Surgery & Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Kendra P Rumbaugh
- Departments of Surgery & Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Shoukat K, Pilling S, Rout S, Bradbury J, Humphreys P. A systematic comparison of antimicrobial wound dressings using a planktonic cell and an immobilized cell model. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1552-60. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Shoukat
- Hygiene and Disinfection Centre; School of Applied Science; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield UK
| | - S. Pilling
- Hygiene and Disinfection Centre; School of Applied Science; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield UK
| | - S. Rout
- Hygiene and Disinfection Centre; School of Applied Science; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield UK
| | - J. Bradbury
- Hygiene and Disinfection Centre; School of Applied Science; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield UK
| | - P.N. Humphreys
- Hygiene and Disinfection Centre; School of Applied Science; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield UK
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Establishment of a multi-species biofilm model to evaluate chlorhexidine efficacy. J Hosp Infect 2015; 92:154-60. [PMID: 26597632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infections, for example, diabetic foot ulcers, have a large impact in terms of patient morbidity and mortality. These wounds are characterized by complex polymicrobial communities of bacteria, which may include a number of difficult-to-eradicate multidrug-resistant pathogens. AIM To establish a multi-species biofilm model to test the efficacy of chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine-containing formulas in eradication of polymicrobial biofilms. METHODS A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bioreactor was used to establish a multi-species biofilm incorporating Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with equal numbers of each pathogen. This model was used to test the effectiveness of chlorhexidine at controlling the pre-formed biofilm. FINDINGS Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) was added to the bioreactor at a range of concentrations. K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa survived within multi-species biofilms, up to and including 4% CHD, whereas S. aureus was reduced to below the level of detection at 1%. Wiping the biofilm-containing coupons from the bioreactor with chlorhexidine-containing medical wipes resulted in >3 to <4log10 reduction after 24h, for all species. When the coupons were embedded in a simulated wound bed, formed in an agar plate, CHD-containing medical dressings completely eliminated S. aureus (>8log10 reduction), but had minimal effect (<3log10) against the other species tested. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the effectiveness of chlorhexidine may be limited in settings where it is required to act on multi-species biofilms. This may compromise the ability of chlorhexidine to control the infection and spread of these pathogens.
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Sanchez-Vizuete P, Orgaz B, Aymerich S, Le Coq D, Briandet R. Pathogens protection against the action of disinfectants in multispecies biofilms. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:705. [PMID: 26236291 PMCID: PMC4500986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms constitute the prevalent way of life for microorganisms in both natural and man-made environments. Biofilm-dwelling cells display greater tolerance to antimicrobial agents than those that are free-living, and the mechanisms by which this occurs have been investigated extensively using single-strain axenic models. However, there is growing evidence that interspecies interactions may profoundly alter the response of the community to such toxic exposure. In this paper, we propose an overview of the studies dealing with multispecies biofilms resistance to biocides, with particular reference to the protection of pathogenic species by resident surface flora when subjected to disinfectants treatments. The mechanisms involved in such protection include interspecies signaling, interference between biocides molecules and public goods in the matrix, or the physiology and genetic plasticity associated with a structural spatial arrangement. After describing these different mechanisms, we will discuss the experimental methods available for their analysis in the context of complex multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchez-Vizuete
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Belen Orgaz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Stéphane Aymerich
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Dominique Le Coq
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- CNRS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Romain Briandet
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
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40
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Brackman G, Coenye T. In Vitro and In Vivo Biofilm Wound Models and Their Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 897:15-32. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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