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Cardwell CR, McDowell RD, Hughes CM, Busby J, Murchie P. Oral prednisolone and warfarin and risk of oesophageal cancer: A case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 90:102552. [PMID: 38447250 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent epidemiological study systematically screened 250 prescription medications for associations with oesophageal cancer risk, using Scottish data, and identified an increased risk with use of prednisolone and warfarin. We investigated whether oral prednisolone or warfarin use was associated with increased oesophageal cancer risk. METHODS A case-control study was conducted within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. In the primary analysis oesophageal cancer cases were identified from linked cancer registry records. Up to 5 cancer-free controls were matched to each case (based upon sex, birth year, GP practice and year of GP registration). Prednisolone and warfarin medications were identified from prescribing records. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression after adjusting for covariates including demographics, comorbidities and medication use. RESULTS There were 4552 oesophageal cancer cases and 22,601 matched control participants. Overall, there was no evidence of an increased risk of oesophageal cancer with oral prednisolone use (unadjusted OR=1.16 95% CI 1.06, 1.27 and adjusted OR=0.99 95% CI 0.89, 1.11) or warfarin use (unadjusted OR=1.12 95% CI 0.99, 1.28 and adjusted OR=1.08 95% CI 0.92, 1.27). CONCLUSIONS In this large population-based study, oral prednisolone and warfarin were not associated with oesophageal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Grosvenor Rd., Belfast, Co., Antrim BT12 6 BA, UK.
| | - Ronald D McDowell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Grosvenor Rd., Belfast, Co., Antrim BT12 6 BA, UK; School of Psychology, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Carmel M Hughes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Lisburn Rd, Belfast, Co, Antrim BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John Busby
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Grosvenor Rd., Belfast, Co., Antrim BT12 6 BA, UK
| | - Peter Murchie
- Division of Applied Health Sciences Section, Academic Primary Care, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB24 2ZD, UK
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2
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Li L, Huang X, Chen H. Unveiling the hidden players: exploring the role of gut mycobiome in cancer development and treatment dynamics. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2328868. [PMID: 38485702 PMCID: PMC10950292 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2328868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of gut fungal species in tumor-related processes remains largely unexplored, with most studies still focusing on fungal infections. This review examines the accumulating evidence suggesting the involvement of commensal and pathogenic fungi in cancer biological process, including oncogenesis, progression, and treatment response. Mechanisms explored include fungal influence on host immunity, secretion of bioactive toxins/metabolites, interaction with bacterial commensals, and migration to other tissues in certain types of cancers. Attempts to utilize fungal molecular signatures for cancer diagnosis and fungal-derived products for treatment are discussed. A few studies highlight fungi's impact on the responsiveness and sensitivity to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and fecal microbiota transplant. Given the limited understanding and techniques in fungal research, the studies on gut fungi are still facing great challenges, despite having great potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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3
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Talapko J, Meštrović T, Dmitrović B, Juzbašić M, Matijević T, Bekić S, Erić S, Flam J, Belić D, Petek Erić A, Milostić Srb A, Škrlec I. A Putative Role of Candida albicans in Promoting Cancer Development: A Current State of Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1476. [PMID: 37374978 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungal species that commonly colonizes the human body, but it is also a pervasive opportunistic pathogen in patients with malignant diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that this fungus is not only coincidental in oncology patients, but may also play an active role in the development of cancer. More specifically, several studies have investigated the potential association between C. albicans and various types of cancer, including oral, esophageal, and colorectal cancer, with a possible role of this species in skin cancer as well. The proposed mechanisms include the production of carcinogenic metabolites, modulation of the immune response, changes in cell morphology, microbiome alterations, biofilm production, the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways, and the induction of chronic inflammation. These mechanisms may act together or independently to promote cancer development. Although more research is needed to fully grasp the potential role of C. albicans in carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that this species may be an active contributor and underscores the importance of considering the impact of the human microbiome on cancer pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current state of evidence and offer some insights into proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Branko Dmitrović
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Juzbašić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Matijević
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Flam
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dino Belić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Petek Erić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrea Milostić Srb
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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4
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Smędra A, Berent J. The Influence of the Oral Microbiome on Oral Cancer: A Literature Review and a New Approach. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050815. [PMID: 37238685 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In our recent article (Smędra et al.: Oral form of auto-brewery syndrome. J Forensic Leg Med. 2022; 87: 102333), we showed that alcohol production can occur in the oral cavity (oral auto-brewery syndrome) due to a disruption in the microbiota (dysbiosis). An intermediate step on the path leading to the formation of alcohol is acetaldehyde. Typically, acetic aldehyde is transformed into acetate particles inside the human body via acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Unfortunately, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity is low in the oral cavity, and acetaldehyde remains there for a long time. Since acetaldehyde is a recognised risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity, we decided to analyse the relationship linking the oral microbiome, alcohol, and oral cancer using the narrative review method, based on browsing articles in the PubMed database. In conclusion, enough evidence supports the speculation that oral alcohol metabolism must be assessed as an independent carcinogenic risk. We also hypothesise that dysbiosis and the production of acetaldehyde from non-alcoholic food and drinks should be treated as a new factor for the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smędra
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 91-304 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Berent
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 91-304 Lodz, Poland
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5
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Wang X, Zhang W, Wu W, Wu S, Young A, Yan Z. Is Candida albicans a contributor to cancer? A critical review based on the current evidence. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127370. [PMID: 37028206 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The association between Candida albicans (C. albicans) and cancer has been noticed for decades. Whether C. albicans infection is a complication of cancer status or as a contributor to cancer development remains to be discussed. This review systematically summarized the up-to-date knowledge about associations between C. albicans and various types of cancer, and discussed the role of C. albicans in cancer development. Most of the current clinical and animal evidence support the relationship between C. albicans and oral cancer development. However, there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate the role of C. albicans in other types of cancer. Moreover, this review explored the underlying mechanisms for C. albicans promoting cancer. It was hypothesized that C. albicans may promote cancer progression by producing carcinogenic metabolites, inducing chronic inflammation, remodeling immune microenvironment, activating pro-cancer signals, and synergizing with bacteria.
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Khan A, Moni SS, Ali M, Mohan S, Jan H, Rasool S, Kamal MA, Alshahrani S, Halawi M, Alhazmi HA. Antifungal Activity of Plant Secondary Metabolites on Candida albicans: An Updated Review. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:15-42. [PMID: 35249516 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220304143332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have been increasing continuously worldwide, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Fungi, regarded as eukaryotic pathogens, have many similarities to the host cells, which inhibit anti-fungal drug development progress. Various fungal model systems have been studied, and it was concluded that Candida spp. is the most common disease-causing fungus. Candida species are well known to cause infections not only in our mouth, skin, and vagina, but they are also a frequent cause of life-threatening hospital bloodstream infections. The morphological and developmental pathways of Candida have been studied extensively, providing insight into the fungus development. Candida albicans is known to be the most pathogenic species responsible for a variety of infections in humans. Conventional anti-fungal drugs, mainly azoles drugs available in the market, have been used for years developing resistance in C. albicans. Hence, the production of new anti-fungal drugs, which require detailed molecular knowledge of fungal pathogenesis, needs to be encouraged. Therefore, this review targets the new approach of "Green Medicines" or the phytochemicals and their secondary metabolites as a source of novel anti-fungal agents to overcome the drug resistance of C. albicans, their mechanism of action, and their combined effects with the available anti-fungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - M Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Huma Jan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar -190006, J&K, India
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Department of School Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, 190001 J&K, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589. Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Halawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Aggor FE, Bertolini M, Zhou C, Taylor TC, Abbott DA, Musgrove J, Bruno VM, Hand TW, Gaffen SL. A gut-oral microbiome-driven axis controls oropharyngeal candidiasis through retinoic acid. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e160348. [PMID: 36134659 PMCID: PMC9675558 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A side effect of antibiotics is outgrowth of the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans in the oropharynx (oropharyngeal candidiasis, OPC). IL-17 signaling is vital for immunity to OPC, but how the microbiome impacts antifungal immunity is not well understood. Mice in standard specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions are resistant to OPC, whereas we show that germ-free (GF) or antibiotic-treated mice are susceptible. Oral type 17 cells and IL-17-dependent responses were impaired in antibiotic-treated and GF mice. Susceptibility could be rescued in GF mice by mono-colonization with segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB), an intestine-specific constituent of the microbiota. SFB protection was accompanied by restoration of oral IL-17+CD4+ T cells and gene signatures characteristic of IL-17 signaling. Additionally, RNA-Seq revealed induction of genes in the retinoic acid (RA) and RA receptor-α (RARα) pathway. Administration of RA rescued immunity to OPC in microbiome-depleted or GF mice, while RAR inhibition caused susceptibility in immunocompetent animals. Surprisingly, immunity to OPC was independent of serum amyloids. Moreover, RAR inhibition did not alter oral type 17 cytokine levels. Thus, mono-colonization with a component of the intestinal microflora confers protection against OPC by type 17 and RA/RARα, which act in parallel to promote antifungal immunity. In principle, manipulation of the microbiome could be harnessed to maintain antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix E.Y. Aggor
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Tiffany C. Taylor
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Darryl A. Abbott
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Javonn Musgrove
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vincent M. Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy W. Hand
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
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Debta P, Swain SK, Sahu MC, Abuderman AA, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Qureshi AA, Bakri MMH, Sarode GS, Patro S, Siddhartha S, Patil S. Evaluation of Candidiasis in Upper-Aerodigestive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients—A Clinico-Mycological Aspect. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19148510. [PMID: 35886361 PMCID: PMC9318475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Candida is a commensal yeast. It can be infective when the host’s defense mechanism is weakened, as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical mycological manifestation of candidiasis in 150 cancer cases comprised of preoperative and post-operative (with or without radiotherapy) upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma. A total of 150 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract (UADT) were divided into preoperative (n = 48), post-operative without radiotherapy (n = 29) and post-operative with radiotherapy (n = 73). Samples were collected using cotton swabs and cultured. Candida species were identified according to color pigmentation on Candida Differential Agar (CDA) plate. The clinico-mycological association of patients was evaluated by the chi-square test, and 98 out of 150 patients showed the presence of various Candida species. The major species isolated was Candida albicans (53%), followed by Candida tropicalis (16%). There was a significant statistical difference between patients who showed mycological associations and patients who did not have any such association (p = 0.0008). The prevalence of oral candidiasis was found to be 65.33% among total cases of upper aero-digestive squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic erythematous cases of candidiasis were mainly seen in preoperative squamous cell carcinoma cases, whereas the acute erythematous type of candidiasis was mainly seen in post-operative cases who received radiotherapy. The clinicomycological assessment can help to correlate the signs and symptoms with the presence of candidiasis in upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma patients. Meticulous testing and examination can help in the early detection of candidiasis. Future studies are needed to develop advance scientific preventive strategies for high-risk cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Debta
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India; or
| | - Santosh Kumar Swain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India;
| | | | - Abdulwahab A. Abuderman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Price Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.)
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.)
| | - Ahtesham Ahmad Qureshi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (M.M.H.B.)
| | - Mohammed Mousa H. Bakri
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (M.M.H.B.)
| | - Gargi S. Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India; or
| | - Sangram Patro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751007, Odisha, India;
| | - Saswati Siddhartha
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751007, Odisha, India;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence:
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Huët MAL, Lee CZ, Rahman S. A review on association of fungi with the development and progression of carcinogenesis in the human body. Curr Res Microb Sci 2021; 3:100090. [PMID: 34917994 PMCID: PMC8666644 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and impact of commensal and pathogenic fungi in different parts of the human body are being increasingly appreciated, unveiling the importance of such microorganisms in human health. A key function is the involvement of the mycobiota in cross-kingdom interactions within the microbiome. Any disturbance in the functionality of the microbiota could alter metabolic reactions, have a negative impact on homeostasis or induce diseases. The association of fungi with cancer development is the focus of this review. Several studies have reported direct or indirect involvement of fungal pathogens and mycobiome dysbiosis in induction of carcinogenesis. Most studies focused on cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. However, researchers are now investigating other organs, such as the skin, where the significant results obtained confirm the involvement of fungal pathogens and administration of antifungal drugs in development of cancer. This review gives an overview of the different organs affected and describes the mechanisms used by these eukaryotes or antifungals to induce oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Andrea Laetitia Huët
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway,Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chuen Zhang Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway,Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway,Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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10
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Flashner S, Yan KS, Nakagawa H. 3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host-Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2182. [PMID: 34835308 PMCID: PMC8622040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an emerging key co-factor in the development of esophageal cancer, the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data delineating how the microbiome contributes to the pathobiology of the two histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This critical knowledge gap is partially due to inadequate modeling of host-microbiome interactions in the etiology of esophageal cancers. Recent advances have enabled progress in this field. Three dimensional (3D) organoids faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of the normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic epithelia of the esophagus ex vivo and serve as a platform translatable for applications in precision medicine. Elsewhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the co-culture of 3D organoids with the bacterial microbiome has fostered insight into the pathogenic role of the microbiome in other GI cancers. Herein, we will summarize our current understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and esophageal cancer, discuss 3D organoid models of esophageal homeostasis, review analogous models of host-microbiome interactions in other GI cancers, and advocate for the application of these models to esophageal cancers. Together, we present a promising, novel approach with the potential to ameliorate the burden of esophageal cancer-related morbidity and mortality via improved prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Kelley S. Yan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Jafarian H, Gharaghani M, Seyedian SS, Mahmoudabadi AZ. Genotyping, antifungal susceptibility, enzymatic activity, and phenotypic variation in Candida albicans from esophageal candidiasis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23826. [PMID: 33988259 PMCID: PMC8274993 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal candidiasis is the most frequent form of esophagitis. The pathogenicity of Candida spp. is related to a combination of microbial factors, hydrolytic enzyme secretion and phenotypic switching. This study was designed to investigate esophageal candidiasis, antifungal activity, enzymatic activity patterns, phenotyping, and genotyping profiles of Candida albicans species. Methods Nine hundred thirty‐three visited patients were evaluated, and esophageal biopsies from patients were included in this study during 2019–2020. Direct smear, Gram staining, and culture on CHROMagar were performed for each sample. Isolated species were identified with conventional procedures and PCR‐RFLP. Susceptibility to antifungals was determined according to CLSI guidelines. ABC typing, phenotype switching, hemolysin, proteinase, phospholipase, and esterase activity were also determined with the appropriate protocols. Results Twenty‐three (2.5%) patients (mean age 55.2 years) were diagnosed with esophageal candidiasis. The species isolated were 19(82.6%) C. albicans, 3(13.1%) C. glabrata, and 1(4.3%) C. tropicalis. Genotype A (57.9%) was the predominant type in C. albicans isolates. 50% of C. albicans isolates exhibited a white phenotype. A high level of phospholipase (47.4%), hemolysin (68.4%), and proteinase activity (36.8%) was observed in the C. albicans isolates. Only three C. glabrata isolates displayed non‐wild type susceptibility to voriconazole and itraconazole. Conclusion This study shows that C. albicans are still the most frequent isolates from patients with esophageal candidiasis. The predominance of genotype A, the white phenotype, and strong hemolysin activity may indicate a high prevalence of pathogenicity in these isolates. Sensitivity to antifungal drugs was greatest for amphotericin and fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Jafarian
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maral Gharaghani
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Seyedian
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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12
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Takeda FR, Garcia RN, de Lima MS, Yogolare GG, Junior UR, Filho FM, Sallum RAA, Cecconello I. Esophagectomy in a patient with pulmonary histoplasmosis: A case report of surgical aspects and complications (with video). Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 77:100-103. [PMID: 33160165 PMCID: PMC7649434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmose is an unfrequented associated to esophageal carcinoma. Pulmonary disease may interfere in the outcome after esophagectomy. Vacuum treatment is a good option after anastomotic leakage.
Introduction Esophagectomy is a challenging procedure associated with considerable morbidity. Previous pulmonary diseases, such as histoplasmosis fungal infection, may interfere in operative and postoperative outcomes after esophagectomy. Anastomotic leakage is one of the most feared complications after esophagectomy. However, new therapies developed such as vacuum procedure and esophageal prosthesis have been provenly beneficial. Presentation of case We present a case with squamous cell carcinoma of the mid esophagus portion on a young patient with a pulmonary histoplasmosis history. After a multidisciplinary board, the patient underwent transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric-pull up and cervical anastomosis due to pulmonary disease. The patient later developed an anastomotic leak with mediastinal abscess. We describe this complication's management via an endoscopic vacuum system, esophageal prosthesis, and exhibit a video illustrating the technique. Discussion We illustrate the management of esophageal cancer associated with previous pulmonary disease. Histoplasmosis may misunderstand the esophageal cancer staging, and it can contribute to anastomotic leakage occurrence. An endoscopic vacuum system is an excellent tool for treating esophagogastric anastomosis fistula after esophagectomy, even when the drainage is accumulated in the mediastinum. The esophageal prosthesis may be used after mediastinal abscess resolution. Conclusion Treatment of the association of esophageal cancer and histoplasmosis is feasible. However, care should be taken to avoid highly potential postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Roberto Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Nicida Garcia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Simas de Lima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Gonçalves Yogolare
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ulysses Ribeiro Junior
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fauze Maluf Filho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Antonio Aissar Sallum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Cecconello
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Lee CH, Hung PF, Liu KJ, Chung HL, Yang WC, Hsu KC, Fong TH, Lo HJ, Chen YP, Yang JR, Yen CY. LDOC1 Suppresses Microbe-Induced Production of IL-1β in Human Normal and Cancerous Oral Cells through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3148. [PMID: 33120999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral microbes often proliferate due to poor oral hygiene (POH). POH is associated with OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma). We investigated the role of LDOC1 in the production of IL-1β, an oncogenic proinflammatory cytokine in OSCC, induced by microorganisms in human oral cells. Candida albicans (CA) was detected in OSCC tissues. CA and the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulate higher levels of IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient OSCC cells than in LDOC1-expressing oral cells. CA SC5314 increased OSCC incidence in carcinogen-treated mice. Loss and gain of LDOC1 function resulted in increased and decreased, respectively, CA SC5314-induced IL-1β production. LDOC1 deficiency increased active pAktS473 upon SC5314 stimulation and inactive pGSK-3βS9 phosphorylated by pAktS473. PI3K and Akt inhibitors and expression of constitutively active mutant GSK-3βS9A reduced the SC5314-stimulated IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient cells. These results indicate that the PI3K/Akt/pGSK-3β signaling contributes to LDOC1-mediated inhibition of microbe-induced IL-1β production, suggesting LDOC1 may determine the role of oral microbes in POH-associated OSCC. Abstract Poor oral hygiene (POH) is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral microbes often proliferate due to POH. Array data show that LDOC1 plays a role in immunity against pathogens. We investigated whether LDOC1 regulates the production of oral microbe-induced IL-1β, an oncogenic proinflammatory cytokine in OSCC. We demonstrated the presence of Candida albicans (CA) in 11.3% of OSCC tissues (n = 80). CA and the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulate higher levels of IL-1β secretion by LDOC1-deficient OSCC cells than by LDOC1-expressing oral cells. CA SC5314 increased OSCC incidence in 4-NQO (a synthetic tobacco carcinogen) and arecoline-cotreated mice. Loss and gain of LDOC1 function significantly increased and decreased, respectively, CA SC5314-induced IL-1β production in oral and OSCC cell lines. Mechanistic studies showed that LDOC1 deficiency increased active phosphorylated Akt upon CA SC5314 stimulation and subsequent inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3βS9 by activated Akt. PI3K and Akt inhibitors and expression of the constitutively active mutant GSK-3βS9A significantly reduced the CA SC5314-stimulated IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient cells. These results indicate that the PI3K/Akt/pGSK-3β signaling pathway contributes to LDOC1-mediated inhibition of oral microbe-induced IL-1β production, suggesting that LDOC1 may determine the pathogenic role of oral microbes in POH-associated OSCC.
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Liao M, Cheng L, Zhou XD, Ren B. [Research progress of Candida albicans on malignant transformation of oral mucosal diseases]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 38:431-437. [PMID: 32865364 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck, and is one of the world's top ten malignancies. Microbial infection is an important risk factor of oral cancer. Candida albicans is the most popular opportunistic fungal pathogen. Epidemiological studies have shown that Candida albicans is closely tied to oral malignancy. Animal experimentation have also proven that infection of Candida albicans can promote the development of oral epithelial carcinogenesis. The current studies have revealed several mechanisms involved in this process, including destroying the epithelial barrier, producing carcinogenic substances (nitrosamines, acetaldehyde), inducing chronic inflammation, activating immune response, etc. However, current researches on mechanisms are still inadequate, and some hypotheses remain controversial. Here, we review the findings related to Candida albicans' effect on the malignant transformation of oral mucosa, hoping to provide reference for deep research and controlling oral cancer clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Temiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, 64050School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Kaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, 64050School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Velioglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, 64050School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhan Tuglular
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, 64050School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Abstract
The oral mucosa is a primary barrier site and a portal for entry of microbes, food, and airborne particles into the gastrointestinal tract. Nonetheless, mucosal immunity at this barrier remains understudied compared with other anatomical barrier sites. Here, we review basic aspects of oral mucosal histology, the oral microbiome, and common and clinically significant diseases that present at oral mucosal barriers. We particularly focus on the role of interleukin-17 (IL-17)/T helper 17 (TH17) responses in protective immunity and inflammation in the oral mucosa. IL-17/TH17 responses are highly relevant to maintaining barrier integrity and preventing pathogenic infections by the oral commensal fungus Candida albicans On the other hand, aberrant IL-17/TH17 responses are implicated in driving the pathogenesis of periodontitis and consequent bone and tooth loss. We discuss distinct IL-17-secreting T cell subsets, emphasizing their regulation and function in oropharyngeal candidiasis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Cappellesso R, Coati I, Barzon L, Peta E, Masi G, Scarpa M, Lanza C, Michelotto M, Ruol A, Cesaro S, Castoro C, Palù G, Nuovo GJ, Fassan M, Rugge M. Human papillomavirus infection is not involved in esophageal verrucous carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 85:50-57. [PMID: 30423307 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus (VCE) is a rare variant of squamous cell cancer, with a puzzling clinical, etiological, and molecular profile. The etiological involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the cancer's natural history is controversial. This study considers 9 cases of VCE, focusing on patients' clinical history before surgery, histologic phenotype, immunophenotype (epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], E-cadherin, cyclin D1, p16, and p53 expression), HPV infection, and TP53 gene mutational status (exons 5-8). Using 3 different molecular test methods, not one of these cases of VCE featured HPV infection. The only case with synchronous nodal metastasis was characterized by a TP53 missense point mutation in association with high EGFR and low E-cadherin expression levels. In conclusion, HPV infection is probably not involved with VCE, while TP53 gene mutation, EGFR overexpression, and E-cadherin loss might fuel the tumor's proliferation and lend it a metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Irene Coati
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Elektra Peta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Giulia Masi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Cristiano Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Mauro Michelotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Alberto Ruol
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Sonia Cesaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35128 Italy
| | - Gerard J Nuovo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210 USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy.
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, 35121 Italy
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18
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Abd Al-Hay H, Mohamed Ha M, Fayad W, Abd El-Gha M. Prospective Role of Solanum Cultures in Producing Bioactive Agents against Melanoma, Breast, Hematologic Carcinomas Cell Lines and Associated Microbiome. J of Biological Sciences 2018; 18:297-306. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2018.297.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Wakharde AA, Halbandge SD, Phule DB, Karuppayil SM. Anticancer Drugs as Antibiofilm Agents in Candida albicans: Potential Targets. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:232-246. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Anandrao Wakharde
- School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP Sponsored) SRTM University (NAAC Accredited with “A” grade), Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivkrupa Devrao Halbandge
- School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP Sponsored) SRTM University (NAAC Accredited with “A” grade), Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Datta Baburao Phule
- School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP Sponsored) SRTM University (NAAC Accredited with “A” grade), Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
- School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP Sponsored) SRTM University (NAAC Accredited with “A” grade), Nanded, Maharashtra, India
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20
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Goel P, Tyagi R, Kaur G, Garg B, Selhi PK, Kaur H, Mehta V, Sood N. Entamoeba histolytica: A surprising coexistence with adenocarcinoma - Never brush aside brushings for biopsy. J Lab Physicians 2018; 10:251-254. [PMID: 29692598 PMCID: PMC5896199 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_129_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica has been rarely reported as superadded infection over carcinomatous growth on rectal brushings. We present a case of 68-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain and bleeding per rectum who was found to have an ulceroproliferative growth on sigmoidoscopy. Rectal brushings revealed coexistence of E. histolytica with malignant cells of adenocarcinoma. No organism was detected on biopsy of the tumor, which also showed adenocarcinoma, because of possible surface colonization of the tumor by Entamoeba. This case highlights the role of rectal brushings in detecting superadded infection in a case where both brushings and biopsy were performed. It is always important to report infection superadded on malignancies for optimum management of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palvi Goel
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchita Tyagi
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Gursheen Kaur
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavna Garg
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pavneet Kaur Selhi
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Mehta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Neena Sood
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Porter S, Gueiros LA, Leão JC, Fedele S. Risk factors and etiopathogenesis of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 125:603-611. [PMID: 29891084 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Potentially malignant oral mucosal disease has some ability to give rise to malignancy of the oral epithelium, that is, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present article provides a succinct review of the possible or probable causes of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions. There is a focus upon studies that examined the causes or etiologic associations with clinically likely or histopathologically detectable oral epithelial dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Alcino Gueiros
- Oral Medicine Unit. Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jair Carneiro Leão
- Oral Medicine Unit. Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Stefano Fedele
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK; Oral Theme of the UCL/UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
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22
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Abstract
A pathogenic connection between autoreactive T cells, fungal infection, and carcinogenesis has been demonstrated in studies of human autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) as well as in a mouse model in which kinase-dead Ikkα knock-in mice develop impaired central tolerance, autoreactive T cell-mediated autoimmunity, chronic fungal infection, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which recapitulates APECED. IκB kinase α (IKKα) is one subunit of the IKK complex required for NF-κB activation. IKK/NF-κB is essential for central tolerance establishment by regulating the development of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that facilitate the deletion of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. In this review, we extensively discuss the pathogenic roles of inborn errors in the IKK/NF-κB loci in the phenotypically related diseases APECED, immune deficiency syndrome, and severe combined immunodeficiency; differentiate how IKK/NF-κB components, through mTEC (stroma), T cells/leukocytes, or epithelial cells, contribute to the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer; and highlight the medical significance of IKK/NF-κB in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21701, Maryland, USA
| | - Yinling Hu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21701, Maryland, USA
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23
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Nieminen MT, Salaspuro M. Local Acetaldehyde-An Essential Role in Alcohol-Related Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E11. [PMID: 29303995 PMCID: PMC5789361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The resident microbiome plays a key role in exposure of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosa to acetaldehyde (ACH), a carcinogenic metabolite of ethanol. Poor oral health is a significant risk factor for oral and esophageal carcinogenesis and is characterized by a dysbiotic microbiome. Dysbiosis leads to increased growth of opportunistic pathogens (such as Candida yeasts) and may cause an up to 100% increase in the local ACH production, which is further modified by organ-specific expression and gene polymorphisms of ethanol-metabolizing and ACH-metabolizing enzymes. A point mutation in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene has randomized millions of alcohol consumers to markedly increased local ACH exposure via saliva and gastric juice, which is associated with a manifold risk for upper GI tract cancers. This human cancer model proves conclusively the causal relationship between ACH and upper GI tract carcinogenesis and provides novel possibilities for the quantitative assessment of ACH carcinogenicity in the human oropharynx. ACH formed from ethanol present in "non-alcoholic" beverages, fermented food, or added during food preparation forms a significant epidemiologic bias in cancer epidemiology. The same also concerns "free" ACH present in mutagenic concentrations in multiple beverages and foodstuffs. Local exposure to ACH is cumulative and can be reduced markedly both at the population and individual level. At best, a person would never consume tobacco, alcohol, or both. However, even smoking cessation and moderation of alcohol consumption are associated with a marked decrease in local ACH exposure and cancer risk, especially among established risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko T Nieminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE IL-17 antagonists are effective for psoriasis in clinical trials, but long-term safety is not fully characterized. Since chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is caused by defects in the IL-17 pathway, CMC risk data have been touted as providing reassurance about the safety of IL-17 antagonism. METHODS We performed a literature review to identify patients with CMC and compared the prevalence of cancer in these patients to the reported 5-year prevalence. RESULTS There was a higher prevalence of oropharyngeal (2.5% vs. 0.028%; p < .0001) and esophageal cancer (1.9% vs. 0.013%; p < .0001) in patients with CMC. There were no reports of cancer in 31 patients with CMC caused by an isolated IL-17 deficiency (IL-17F, IL-17RA, IL17RC); however, a study would need over 1000 patients to detect even a 10-fold increase in the most common malignancy of CMC patients. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that some forms of CMC are associated with an increase in cancer. While CMC is heterogeneous, our findings suggest that we cannot use CMC data to reassure patients on the long-term safety of IL-17 antagonists beyond the safety results from clinical trials, and perhaps caution should be taken with the development of candidiasis in patients taking these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Veverka
- a Department of Dermatology Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- a Department of Dermatology Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
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25
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Koo S, Kejariwal D, Al-Shehri T, Dhar A, Lilic D. Oesophageal candidiasis and squamous cell cancer in patients with gain-of-function STAT1 gene mutation. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:625-631. [PMID: 28815025 PMCID: PMC5548354 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616684404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal candidiasis is a common, usually self-limiting opportunistic infection, but long-term infection with Candida is known to predispose to oral and oesophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC). Permissive factors that lead to immune deficiencies can underlie persistent or recurring candidiasis, called chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Secondary immune deficiencies are most often due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, antibiotic use and immunosuppressive treatment (steroids, chemotherapy). Inborn errors of the immune system (primary immune deficiencies) can present with isolated CMC known as CMC disease (CMCD), which is most often found in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS1)/APECED or in patients with an underlying gain-of-function STAT1 mutation (GOF-STAT1). OBJECTIVE To describe a new form of inherited/familial CMC with a high risk for developing squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, due to a gain-of-function mutation in the STAT1 gene. METHODS AND RESULTS This report describes a family of patients with CMC with confirmed GOF-STAT1 mutation. These patients usually present with CMCD in childhood, have severe oral and oesophageal candidiasis accompanied by severe difficulty swallowing, chest pain, heartburn, and are at risk of developing oral and/or oesophageal SCC. This case series describes six patients in three generations of the same family, two of whom developed and died of SCC. We recommend regular endoscopic surveillance to detect early oesophageal neoplasia in patients with CMCD as well as urgent endoscopy in symptomatic patients. CONCLUSION CMC is not a well-recognised condition in gastroenterology practice and clinicians need to be aware of the genetics of the condition as well as the risk for oesophageal cancer so that they can counsel their patients and arrange surveillance appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Koo
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Clinical Immunology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, County Durham, UK
| | - Deepak Kejariwal
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Clinical Immunology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, County Durham, UK
| | - Tariq Al-Shehri
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Anjan Dhar
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Clinical Immunology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, County Durham, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Desa Lilic
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Clinical Immunology, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, County Durham, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Aminzadeh A, Sabeti Sanat A, Nik Akhtar S. Frequency of Candidiasis and Colonization of Candida albicans in Relation to Oral Contraceptive Pills. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2017; 18:e38909. [PMID: 28184328 PMCID: PMC5291939 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.38909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Candidiasis, the infection caused by Candida albicans, is one of the most common infections of the oral cavity in humans. Candidiasis causes irritation and is known for its carcinogenic effects. Thus, it is important to recognize the predisposing factors for this opportunistic infection. Several previous studies have demonstrated an increased frequency of vaginal candidiasis in relation to oral contraceptive consumption. Objectives Only a few studies on the relation between oral contraceptives and oral candidiasis have been previously conducted. This study aims to evaluate the possible relation between oral contraceptive pills and oral candidiasis. Methods This analytic, case-control study included 40 non-pregnant women divided into two groups: 20 who used oral contraceptive pills and 20 who did not. The groups were matched according to age, oral health, and past and present medical history. Samples were collected from the tongue’s dorsum using a cotton swab and inoculated on CHROMagar culture plates. The frequency of positive cultures and the number of Candida colonies were compared between the two groups using independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney statistical tests with SPSS18 software. Results The frequency of positive cultures of Candida albicans was higher (P value = 0.03) for the case group. Also, the number of C. albicans and C. krusei was significantly higher for the case group compared to the control group (P value = 0.04, P value = 0.03). Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that oral contraceptives containing estradiol can lead to Candida colonization in the oral cavity. It is recommended that further studies comparing the influence of oral contraceptives on Candida’s adherence to the epithelium is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Aminzadeh
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Ali Sabeti Sanat
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Ali Sabeti Sanat, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Campus, Arghavaniyeh Blvd., Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9126494618, Fax: +98-2122912546, E-mail: ; Saeed Nik Akhtar, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Campus, Isfahan, IR Iran. E-mail:
| | - Saeed Nik Akhtar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Ali Sabeti Sanat, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Campus, Arghavaniyeh Blvd., Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9126494618, Fax: +98-2122912546, E-mail: ; Saeed Nik Akhtar, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Campus, Isfahan, IR Iran. E-mail:
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Mortaz E, Tabarsi P, Mansouri D, Khosravi A, Garssen J, Velayati A, Adcock IM. Cancers Related to Immunodeficiencies: Update and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2016; 7:365. [PMID: 27703456 PMCID: PMC5028721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The life span of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency is increasing due to recent improvements in therapeutic strategies. While the incidence of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) is 1:10,000 births, that of secondary immunodeficiencies are more common and are associated with posttransplantation immune dysfunction, with immunosuppressive medication for human immunodeficiency virus or with human T-cell lymphotropic virus infection. After infection, malignancy is the most prevalent cause of death in both children and adults with (PIDs). PIDs more often associated with cancer include common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, and severe combined immunodeficiency. This suggests that a protective immune response against both infectious non-self-(pathogens) and malignant self-challenges (cancer) exists. The increased incidence of cancer has been attributed to defective elimination of altered or "transformed" cells and/or defective immunity towards cancer cells. The concept of aberrant immune surveillance occurring in PIDs is supported by evidence in mice and from patients undergoing immunosuppression after transplantation. Here, we discuss the importance of PID defects in the development of malignancies and the current limitations associated with molecular pathogenesis of these diseases and emphasize the need for further knowledge of how specific mutations can modulate the immune system to alter immunosurveillance and thereby play a key role in the etiology of malignancies in PID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Davod Mansouri
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Adnan Khosravi
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aliakbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , UK
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secukinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets and neutralizes interleukin (IL)-17A, a cytokine that is normally involved in mucocutaneous defense against extracellular organisms and is abnormally expressed in psoriasis. In 2015, secukinumab was the first IL-17A inhibitor approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. AREAS COVERED This review evaluates the safety profile of secukinumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis and its role in the clinical landscape. A literature search was performed for articles published through February 2016; additional data from a pooled safety analysis of 10 Phase II and III secukinumab studies were reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Collectively, these studies show that secukinumab demonstrates a highly favorable safety profile, especially compared with commonly used psoriasis treatments such as methotrexate and TNF-α blockers. More specifically, secukinumab carries no increased risks for end-organ toxicities, serious infection, multiple sclerosis, reactivation of latent tuberculosis or hepatitis B, leukemia/lymphoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Mucocutaneous candidiasis is a common side effect and occurs at a rate of 3.55/100 subject-years with secukinumab 300 mg, yet these infections usually do not interfere with maintenance of secukinumab therapy. The combination of proven efficacy and safety make secukinumab an excellent new treatment choice for individuals with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
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Jayachandran AL, Katragadda R, Thyagarajan R, Vajravelu L, Manikesi S, Kaliappan S, Jayachandran B. Oral Candidiasis among Cancer Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, South India: An Evaluation of Clinicomycological Association and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2016; 2016:8758461. [PMID: 27403171 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8758461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the common manifestations seen in cancer patients on cytotoxic therapy and invasion into deeper tissues can occur if not treated promptly. Emergence of antifungal drug resistance is of serious concern owing to the associated morbidity and mortality. The present study aims at evaluation of clinicomycological association and antifungal drug susceptibility among the 180 recruited patients with cancer on chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with signs or symptoms suggestive of oral candidiasis. Speciation and antifungal susceptibility was done by Microbroth dilution method for fluconazole, Itraconazole, and Amphotericin B as per standard microbiological techniques. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Candida albicans was the predominant species isolated (94) (58%) followed by Candida tropicalis (34) (20.9%). Fluconazole and Itraconazole showed an overall resistance rate of 14% and 14.8%, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to Amphotericin B. There was a significant association between the presence of dry mouth and isolation of Candida (p < 0.001). Such clinicomicrobiological associations can help in associating certain symptoms with the isolation of Candida. Species level identification with in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern is essential to choose the appropriate drug and to predict the outcome of therapy.
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Parks OB, Pociask DA, Hodzic Z, Kolls JK, Good M. Interleukin-22 Signaling in the Regulation of Intestinal Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 3:85. [PMID: 26793707 PMCID: PMC4710696 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines that has been extensively studied since its discovery in 2000. This review article aims to describe the cellular sources and signaling pathways of this cytokine as well as the functions of IL-22 in the intestine. In addition, this article describes the roles of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases, including inhibition of inflammation and barrier defense against pathogens within the intestine. Since many of the functions of IL-22 in the intestine are incompletely understood, this review is meant to assess our current understanding of the roles of IL-22 and provide new opportunities for inquiry to improve human intestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia B Parks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derek A Pociask
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zerina Hodzic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yu NY, Sanghvi P. Nonmelanoma subungual malignancies: A case-based review of radiation therapy. Pract Radiat Oncol 2015; 6:126-8. [PMID: 26531191 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Y Yu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California.
| | - Parag Sanghvi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
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Kataoka S, Muramatsu H, Okuno Y, Hayashi Y, Mizoguchi Y, Tsumura M, Okada S, Kobayashi M, Sano C, Sato H, Oh-Iwa I, Ito M, Kojima D, Hama A, Takahashi Y, Kojima S. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis mimicking Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease in a patient with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function mutation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:619-622.e1. [PMID: 26242301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kataoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Higashi Nagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Mizoguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tsumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Haruki Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oh-Iwa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahumi Ito
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiei Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Knowledge of IL-22 biology has evolved rapidly since its discovery in 2000, and a role for IL-22 has been identified in numerous tissues, including the intestines, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, pancreas, and skin. IL-22 primarily targets nonhematopoietic epithelial and stromal cells, where it can promote proliferation and play a role in tissue regeneration. In addition, IL-22 regulates host defense at barrier surfaces. However, IL-22 has also been linked to several conditions involving inflammatory tissue pathology. In this review, we assess the current understanding of this cytokine, including its physiologic and pathologic effects on epithelial cell function.
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Boisson B, Quartier P, Casanova JL. Immunological loss-of-function due to genetic gain-of-function in humans: autosomal dominance of the third kind. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 32:90-105. [PMID: 25645939 PMCID: PMC4364384 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All the human primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) recognized as such in the 1950s were Mendelian traits and, whether autosomal or X-linked, displayed recessive inheritance. The first autosomal dominant (AD) PID, hereditary angioedema, was recognized in 1963. However, since the first identification of autosomal recessive (AR), X-linked recessive (XR) and AD PID-causing genes in 1985 (ADA; severe combined immunodeficiency), 1986 (CYBB, chronic granulomatous disease) and 1989 (SERPING1; hereditary angioedema), respectively, the number of genetically defined AD PIDs has increased more rapidly than that of any other type of PID. AD PIDs now account for 61 of the 260 known conditions (23%). All known AR PIDs are caused by alleles with some loss-of-function (LOF). A single XR PID is caused by gain-of-function (GOF) mutations (WASP-related neutropenia, 2001). In contrast, only 44 of 61 AD defects are caused by LOF alleles, which exert dominance by haploinsufficiency or negative dominance. Since 2003, up to 17 AD disorders of the third kind, due to GOF alleles, have been described. Remarkably, six of the 17 genes concerned also harbor monoallelic (STAT3), biallelic (C3, CFB, CARD11, PIK3R1) or both monoallelic and biallelic (STAT1) LOF alleles in patients with other clinical phenotypes. Most heterozygous GOF alleles result in auto-inflammation, auto-immunity, or both, with a wide range of immunological and clinical forms. Some also underlie infections and, fewer, allergies, by impairing or enhancing immunity to non-self. Malignancies are also rare. The enormous diversity of immunological and clinical phenotypes is thought provoking and mirrors the diversity and pleiotropy of the underlying genotypes. These experiments of nature provide a unique insight into the quantitative regulation of human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pierre Quartier
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France
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Awad SF, Turashvili G, Houlden RL. Fatal Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma at a Young Age as a Complication of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy. AACE Clin Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.4158/ep14376.cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Qiu H, Mao Y, Gu Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zeng J, Huang N, Liu Q, Yang Y. The potential of photodynamic therapy to treat esophageal candidiasis coexisting with esophageal cancer. J Photochem Photobiol B 2013; 130:305-9. [PMID: 24378331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in recent years to deal with fungal infections because of the prevalence of fungi resistance to drugs. However, PDT for gastrointestinal fungal infection has not been reported. This study was conducted to assess the potential of PDT to deal with esophageal candidiasis. METHODS Two male patients with histological evidence of esophageal candidiasis coexisting with esophageal cancer were included in this retrospective study. Both patients were treated with PDT. This treatment was repeated at least 1month after the initial PDT if the patient still had residual cancer or esophageal candidiasis. Short-term efficacy was evaluated on the basis of endoscopy and histology findings. Further follow-up data were obtained from endoscopy results or telephone conversation. RESULTS The esophageal candidiasis located 21-24cm and 25-28cm from the incisors of case 1 reached complete remission after one and two PDT sessions, respectively. The esophageal cancer coexisting with esophageal candidiasis located 21-24cm from the incisors reached complete remission after two PDT sessions. No recurrence was found at a 14-month follow-up. The esophageal cancer located 30-35cm from the incisors reached partial response after three PDT sessions. Both of the esophageal candidiasis and the coexisting esophageal cancer at 23-26cm from the incisors of case 2 reached complete remission and the esophageal cancer at 34-37cm from the incisors reached complete remission after one PDT session. No recurrence was found at a 24-month follow-up. There were no serious adverse events found in either of the two cases. CONCLUSION Results of this preliminary study indicate that PDT may be a potential method to deal with esophageal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Yongping Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Naiyan Huang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Qingsen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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