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Zhu Z, Tang W, Qiu X, Xin X, Zhang J. Advances in targeting Phosphodiesterase 1: From mechanisms to potential therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115967. [PMID: 38000211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) is an enzyme entrusted with the hydrolysis of the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, thereby governing a plethora of metabolic processes, encompassing ion channel modulation and cellular apoptosis. Recent advancements in the realm of small molecule structural variations have greatly facilitated the exploration of innovative applications for PDE1. Remarkably, a recent series of PDE1 inhibitors (PDE1i) have been meticulously formulated and devised, showcasing enhanced selectivity and potency. Among them, ITI-214 has entered Phase II clinical trials, holding promise for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and heart failure. Nevertheless, the majority of current PDE1 inhibitors have encountered substantial side effects in clinical trials attributable to their limited selectivity, this predicament presents a formidable obstacle in the development of specific small molecule inhibitors targeting PDE1. This Perspective endeavors to illuminate the potential design approaches, structure-activity relationships, and biological activities of current PDE1i, aiming to offer support and insights for clinical practice and the development of novel PDE1i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Gambaryan S, Mohagaonkar S, Nikolaev VO. Regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by cyclic nucleotides and phosphodiesterases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1239492. [PMID: 37674612 PMCID: PMC10478253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1239492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the key players in the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. Dysfunction of this system is connected with cardiovascular and renal diseases. Regulation of RAAS is under the control of multiple intracellular mechanisms. Cyclic nucleotides and phosphodiesterases are the major regulators of this system since they control expression and activity of renin and aldosterone. In this review, we summarize known mechanisms by which cyclic nucleotides and phosphodiesterases regulate renin gene expression, secretion of renin granules from juxtaglomerular cells and aldosterone production from zona glomerulosa cells of adrenal gland. We also discuss several open questions which deserve future attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sanika Mohagaonkar
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Killari KN, Polimati H, Prasanth DSNBK, Singh G, Panda SP, Vedula GS, Tatipamula VB. Salazinic acid attenuates male sexual dysfunction and testicular oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12991-13005. [PMID: 37124014 PMCID: PMC10132129 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01542d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Male sexual dysfunctions such as infertility and impotence are recognized as the consequences of diabetes. Salazinic acid (Sa) is a depsidone found in lichen genera of Lobaria, Parmelia, and Usnea, which has prominent free radical and α-glucosidase inhibitory actions. The present study establishes the beneficial role of salazinic acid (Sa) to combat the deleterious effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the male reproductive system of rats. In a dose-dependent manner, Sa significantly restored the reproductive organs weight, sperm characteristics, and testicular histoarchitecture in diabetic rats. Further, a significant recovery of insulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels in serum was recorded in Sa-treated diabetic rats. The malondialdehyde levels were significantly lowered, and the activities of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, markedly elevated in the blood serum, as well as testicular tissue after Sa-supplementation. Sa also suppressed the protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in serum. The high dose of Sa showed significant improvement in glycemia and testicular protection, similar to sildenafil citrate. Moreover, the docking results showed that both Sa and sildenafil have a high affinity toward the target protein, PDE5 with binding affinity values found to be -9.5 and -9.2 kcal mol-1, respectively. Molecularly, both Sa and sildenafil share similar hydrogen bonding patterns with PDE5. Hence, our study clearly showed the protective role of Sa against diabetic-induced spermatogenic dysfunction in rats, possibly by competing with cGMP to bind to the catalytic domain of PDE5 and thereby controlling the oxidative impairment of testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Naidu Killari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University Visakhapatnam-530 003 India
| | - Haritha Polimati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University Visakhapatnam-530 003 India
| | - D S N B K Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vijayawada AP 520010 India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Section of Microbiology, Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi Uttar Pradesh 284003 India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute Pharmacology Research Division, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 281406 Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Girija Sastry Vedula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University Visakhapatnam-530 003 India
| | - Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Center for Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University Danang 550000 Vietnam
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
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Hudwekar AD, Kotwal P, Dar MI, Balgotra S, Dogra A, Kour J, Chobe SS, Nandi U, Hussain Syed S, Sawant SD. Pyrazolopyrimidinone Based Selective Inhibitors of PDE5 for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200707. [PMID: 36915218 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Continuing research with our earlier finding of sildenafil based analogs in the search of new inhibitors of PDE5 for erectile dysfunction suggested that there is a scope of modifications at N-methylpiperazine ring with hydrophobic region followed by hydrogen bond donor or acceptor region. However, the leads identified earlier had some limitations like poor pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. In this direction, a new series of sildenafil based analogs were designed, synthesized and screened for their PDE5 inhibitory activity. In this series compound 18 was found to have excellent in vitro activity with selectivity towards PDE5 isozyme, also the in vivo activity and pharmacokinetic profile was excellent. The cyp inhibition and CaCO2 permeability was also excellent for compound 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan D Hudwekar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-0146, United States
| | - Pankul Kotwal
- PK-PD Tox Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Ishaq Dar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar- 190005, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpi Balgotra
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Jammu, Bagla Suchani, 181143, UT of J&K, India
| | - Ashish Dogra
- PK-PD Tox Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh S Chobe
- Department of Chemistry, Loknete Vyankatrao Hiray Arts, Science and Commerce College, Nashik, 422003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD Tox Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sajad Hussain Syed
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar- 190005, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, UT of J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wei X, Yu G, Shen H, Luo Y, Shang T, Shen R, Xi M, Sun H. Targeting phosphodiesterase 4 as a therapeutic strategy for cognitive improvement. Bioorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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El-Kawy OA, Ibrahim IT, Shewatah HA, El-Azony KM. Preparation and evaluation of radioiodinated avanafil: A novel potential radiopharmaceutical for the diagnostic evaluation of erectile dysfunction. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 183:110160. [PMID: 35228134 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Avanafil, a selective second-generation phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, was successfully labeled with iodine-125 via electrophilic and different factors affecting the labeling efficiency were studied. The labeled compound exhibited in-vitro stability of more than 24 h with a maximum labeling yield of up to 98.4 ± 1.9 %. Molecular modeling and in-vitro assessment of tracer inhibitory activity were performed to ensure that radiolabeling did not affect its binding ability to the target. Biodistribution studies were performed in normal rats and models of erectile dysfunction. The tracer specifically accumulated in the penis, and the clearance appeared to take place via the hepatobiliary route. Results suggested the usefulness of radiolabeled avanafil as a promising tracer for erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A El-Kawy
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I T Ibrahim
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H A Shewatah
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Cairo, Egypt
| | - K M El-Azony
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION : PDE1 has been demonstrated to be a potential drug target for a variety of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. In the past decades, numerous PDE1 inhibitors with structural diversities have been developed and patented by pharmaceutical companies, providing drug candidates for exploring novel disease indications of PDE1. AREA COVERED : This review aims to provide an overview of PDE1 inhibitors reported in patents from 2008 to present. EXPERT OPINION : Among current PDE1 inhibitors, only a few of them showed high selectivity over other PDEs, which might cause severe side effects in clinic. The development of highly selective PDE1 inhibitors is still the "top priority" in the following research. The selective recognition mechanism of PDE1 with inhibitors should be further elucidated by X-ray crystallography in order to provide evidences for the rational design of selective PDE1 inhibitors. In addition, PDE1 inhibitors should be applied in the different clinical indications beyond CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Orhan IE, Rauf A, Saleem M, Khalil AA. Natural Molecules as Talented Inhibitors of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatases/Phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:209-228. [PMID: 34503407 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210909164118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a wide group of enzymes with multiple therapeutic actions, including vasorelaxation, cardiotonic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-spasmolytic, memory-enhancing, and anti-asthmatic. PDEs with eleven subtypes from PDE-1 to PDE-11 typically catalyze the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond and, hence, degrades either cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). OBJECTIVE Several selective or non-selective inhibitors of the PDE subtypes are used clinically, i.e. sildenafil, rolipram, cysteine, etc. Recently, interest in plant-based pharmacologically bioactive compounds having potent PDEs inhibitory potential has increased. Purposely, extensive research has been carried out on natural products to explore new inhibitors of various PDEs. Therefore, this review summarizes the published data on natural PDEs inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications. METHODS For this purpose, natural compounds with PDE inhibitory potential have been surveyed through several databases, including PubMed, Web of Sciences (WoS), Scopus, and Google Scholar. RESULTS According to a detailed literature survey, the most promising class of herbal compounds with PDE-inhibiting property has been found to belong to phenolics, including flavonoids (luteolin, kaempferol, icariin, etc.). Many other encouraging inhibitors from plants have also been identified, such as coumarins (23, 24) (licoarylcoumarin and glycocoumarin,), saponins ( agapanthussaponins), lignans (31, 33) [(±)-schizandrin and kobusin], terpenes (28, 29, 31) (perianradulcin A, quinovic acid, and ursolic acid), anthraquinones (18, 19) (emodin and chrysophanol), and alkaloids (Sanjoinine-D) (36). CONCLUSION In this review, studies have revealed the PDE-inhibitory potential of natural plant extracts and their bioactive constituents in treating various diseases; however, further clinical studies comprising synergistic use of different therapies (synthetic & natural) to acquire multi-targeted results might also be a promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara. Turkey
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 25120, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan-32200, Punjab. Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore. Pakistan
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Abstract
The development of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has become a widely focused research topic, but rational design remains as an enormous challenge. This paper reviews and discusses the design strategy of incorporating the second activity into an existing single-active ligand. If the binding sites of both targets share similar endogenous substrates, MTDLs can be designed by merging two lead compounds with similar functional groups. If the binding sites are large or adjacent to the solution, two key pharmacophores can be fused directly. If the binding regions are small and deep inside the proteins, the linked-pharmacophore strategy might be the only way. The added pharmacophores of second targets should not affect the binding mode of the original ones. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of the two targets need to be adjusted to achieve an optimal ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Jin M, Zhou F, Jin C, Zhang J, Xing J, Wang N, He X, Ren T. PDE2 Inhibits PKA-Mediated Phosphorylation of TFAM to Promote Mitochondrial Ca 2+-Induced Colorectal Cancer Growth. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663778. [PMID: 34235078 PMCID: PMC8256694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in the growth of tumor cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underling mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study, the regulatory effects of mitochondrial Ca2+ on phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2)/cAMP/PKA axis and the phosphorylation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) as well as the growth of CRC cells were systematically investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that MCU-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake activated mitochondrial PDE2 in CRC cells. Moreover, overexpression MCU in CRC led to a 1.9-fold increase in Ca2+ uptake compared to control cells. However, knockdown of MCU resulted in 1.5-fould decrease in Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria compared to the controls. Activation of mitochondrial PDE2 significantly inhibited the activity of mitochondrial protein kinase A (PKA), which subsequently leads to decreased phosphorylation of TFAM. Our data further revealed that PKA regulates the phosphorylation of TFAM and promotes the degradation of phosphorylated TFAM. Thus, TFAM protein levels accumulated in mitochondria when the activity of PKA was inhibited. Overall, this study showed that the overexpression of MCU enhanced CRC growth through promoting the accumulation of TFAM proteins in mitochondria. Conversely, knockdown of MCU in CRC cells resulted in decreased CRC growth. Collectively, these data suggest that the mitochondrial Ca2+-activated PDE2/cAMP/PKA axis plays a key role in regulating TFAM stability and the growth of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingpeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huaihai Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Yoshikawa M, Fukuda N. Discovery and Synthetic Study of Balipodect, a Novel Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sargazi S, Shahraki S, Shahraki O, Zargari F, Sheervalilou R, Maghsoudi S, Soltani Rad MN, Saravani R. 8-Alkylmercaptocaffeine derivatives: antioxidant, molecular docking, and in-vitro cytotoxicity studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104900. [PMID: 33894429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their unique pharmacological characteristics, methylxanthines are known as therapeutic agents in a fascinating range of medicinal scopes. In this report, we aimed to examine some biological effects of previously synthesized 8-alkylmercaptocaffeine derivatives. Cytotoxic and antioxidative activity of 8-alkylmercaptocaffeine derivatives were measured in malignant A549, MCF7, and C152 cell lines. Assessment of cGMP levels and caspase-3 activity were carried out using a colorimetric competitive ELISA kit. Computational approaches were employed to discover the inhibitory mechanism of synthesized compounds. Among the twelve synthesized derivatives, three compounds (C1, C5, and C7) bearing propyl, heptyl, and 3-methyl-butyl moieties showed higher and more desirable cytotoxic activity against all the studied cell lines (IC50 < 100 µM). Furthermore, C5 synergistically enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells (CI < 1). Both C5 and C7 significantly increased caspase-3 activity and intracellular cGMP levels at specific time intervals in all studied cell lines (P < 0.05). However, these derivatives did not elevate LDH leakage (P > 0.05) and exhibited no marked ameliorating effects on oxidative damage (P > 0.05). Computational studies showed that H-bond formation between the nitrogen atom in pyrazolo[4,3-D] pyrimidine moiety with Gln817 and creating a hydrophobic cavity result in the stability of the alkyl group in the PDE5A active site. We found that synthesized 8-alkylmercaptocaffeine derivatives induced cell death in different cancer cells through the cGMP pathway. These findings will help us to get a deeper insight into the role of methylxanthines as useful alternatives to conventional cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Sheida Shahraki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Farshid Zargari
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and balouchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Maghsoudi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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13
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Bolger GB. The PDE-Opathies: Diverse Phenotypes Produced by a Functionally Related Multigene Family. Trends Genet 2021; 37:669-81. [PMID: 33832760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase (PDE)-opathies, an expanding set of disorders caused by germline mutations in cyclic nucleotide PDEs, present an intriguing paradox. The enzymes encoded by the PDE family all hydrolyze cAMP and/or cGMP, but mutations in different family members produce very divergent phenotypes. Three interacting factors have been shown recently to contribute to this phenotypic diversity: (i) the 21 genes encode over 80 different isoforms, using alternative mRNA splicing and related mechanisms; (ii) the various isoforms have different regulatory mechanisms, mediated by their unique amino-terminal regulatory domains; (iii) the isoforms differ widely in their pattern of tissue expression. These mechanisms explain why many PDE-opathies are gain-of-function mutations and how they exemplify uniqueness and redundancy within a multigene family.
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14
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Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes involved in the homeostasis of both cAMP and cGMP. They are members of a family of proteins that includes 11 subfamilies with different substrate specificities. Their main function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP, cGMP, or both. cAMP and cGMP are two key second messengers that modulate a wide array of intracellular processes and neurobehavioral functions, including memory and cognition. Even if these enzymes are present in all tissues, we focused on those PDEs that are expressed in the brain. We took into consideration genetic variants in patients affected by neurodevelopmental disorders, phenotypes of animal models, and pharmacological effects of PDE inhibitors, a class of drugs in rapid evolution and increasing application to brain disorders. Collectively, these data indicate the potential of PDE modulators to treat neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by learning and memory impairment, alteration of behaviors associated with depression, and deficits in social interaction. Indeed, clinical trials are in progress to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Among the most recent results, the application of some PDE inhibitors (PDE2A, PDE3, PDE4/4D, and PDE10A) to treat neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability, is a significant advance, since no specific therapies are available for these disorders that have a large prevalence. In addition, to highlight the role of several PDEs in normal and pathological neurodevelopment, we focused here on the deregulation of cAMP and/or cGMP in Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, and intellectual disability associated with the CC2D1A gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Delhaye
- grid.429194.30000 0004 0638 0649Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS UMR7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560, Valbonne, France.
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15
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Nadur NF, de Azevedo LL, Caruso L, Graebin CS, Lacerda RB, Kümmerle AE. The long and winding road of designing phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of heart failure. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113123. [PMID: 33412421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes known to play a critical role in the indirect regulation of several intracellular metabolism pathways through the selective hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bonds of specific second messenger substrates such as cAMP (3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and cGMP (3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate), influencing the hypertrophy, contractility, apoptosis and fibroses in the cardiovascular system. The expression and/or activity of multiple PDEs is altered during heart failure (HF), which leads to changes in levels of cyclic nucleotides and function of cardiac muscle. Within the cardiovascular system, PDEs 1-5, 8 and 9 are expressed and are interesting targets for the HF treatment. In this comprehensive review we will present a briefly description of the biochemical importance of each cardiovascular related PDE to the HF, and cover almost all the "long and winding road" of designing and discovering ligands, hits, lead compounds, clinical candidates and drugs as PDE inhibitors in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Fonseca Nadur
- Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular e Química Medicinal (LaDMol-QM, Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory), Chemistry Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Gradução em Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Luiz de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular e Química Medicinal (LaDMol-QM, Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory), Chemistry Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Gradução em Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Caruso
- Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular e Química Medicinal (LaDMol-QM, Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory), Chemistry Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Gradução em Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Cedric Stephan Graebin
- Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular e Química Medicinal (LaDMol-QM, Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory), Chemistry Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Gradução em Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Gradução em Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Arthur Eugen Kümmerle
- Laboratório de Diversidade Molecular e Química Medicinal (LaDMol-QM, Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory), Chemistry Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Gradução em Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil.
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16
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Ahmed WS, Geethakumari AM, Biswas KH. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5): Structure-function regulation and therapeutic applications of inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111128. [PMID: 33348311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the most well-studied phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that specifically targets cGMP typically generated by nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Given the crucial role of cGMP generated through the activation of this cellular signaling pathway in a variety of physiologically processes, pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 has been demonstrated to have several therapeutic applications including erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. While they are designed to inhibit PDE5, the inhibitors show different affinities and specificities against all PDE subtypes. Additionally, they have been shown to induce allosteric structural changes in the protein. These are mostly attributed to their chemical structure and, therefore, binding interactions with PDE catalytic domains. Therefore, understanding how these inhibitors interact with PDE5 and the structural basis of their selectivity is critically important for the design of novel, highly selective PDE5 inhibitors. Here, we review the structure of PDE5, how its function is regulated, and discuss the clinically available inhibitors that target phosphodiesterase 5, aiming to better understand the structural bases of their affinity and specificity. We also discuss the therapeutic indications of these inhibitors and the potential of repurposing for a wider range of clinical applications.
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17
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Ernst O, Failayev H, Athamna M, He H, Tsfadia Y, Zor T. A dual and conflicting role for imiquimod in inflammation: A TLR7 agonist and a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Peng Y, Zhang Q, Zielinski RM, Howells RD, Welsh WJ. Identification of an irreversible PPARγ antagonist with potent anticancer activity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00693. [PMID: 33280279 PMCID: PMC7719157 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most skin cancer deaths, and its incidence continues to rise year after year. Different treatment options have been developed for melanoma depending on the stage of the disease. Despite recent advances in immuno- and targeted therapies, advanced melanoma remains incurable and thus an urgent need persists for safe and more effective melanoma therapeutics. In this study, we demonstrate that a novel compound MM902 (3-(3-(bromomethyl)-5-(4-(tert-butyl) phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) phenol) exhibited potent efficacies in inhibiting the growth of different cancer cells, and suppressed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of malignant melanoma. Beginning with MM902 instead of specific targets, computational similarity- and docking-based approaches were conducted to search for known anticancer drugs whose structural features match MM902 and whose pharmacological target would accommodate an irreversible inhibitor. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) was computationally identified as one of the pharmacological targets and confirmed by in vitro biochemical assays. MM902 was shown to bind to PPARγ in an irreversible mode of action and to function as a selective antagonist for PPARγ over PPARα and PPARδ. It is hoped that MM902 will serve as a valuable research probe to study the functions of PPARγ in tumorigenesis and other pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Peng
- Biomedical Informatics Shared ResourceCancer Institute of New JerseyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA
- Present address:
Intra‐Cellular Therapies, Inc.430 East 29th StreetNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Robert M. Zielinski
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNew Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNewarkNJUSA
| | - Richard D. Howells
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyNew Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNewarkNJUSA
| | - William J. Welsh
- Biomedical Informatics Shared ResourceCancer Institute of New JerseyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA
- Department of PharmacologyRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA
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19
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Chachlaki K, Prevot V. Nitric oxide signalling in the brain and its control of bodily functions. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5437-5458. [PMID: 31347144 PMCID: PMC7707094 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile molecule that plays key roles in the development and survival of mammalian species by endowing brain neuronal networks with the ability to make continual adjustments to function in response to moment-to-moment changes in physiological input. Here, we summarize the progress in the field and argue that NO-synthetizing neurons and NO signalling in the brain provide a core hub for integrating sensory- and homeostatic-related cues, control key bodily functions, and provide a potential target for new therapeutic opportunities against several neuroendocrine and behavioural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
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20
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Wang S, Xie Y, Huo YW, Li Y, Abel PW, Jiang H, Zou X, Jiao HZ, Kuang X, Wolff DW, Huang YG, Casale TB, Panettieri RA, Wei T, Cao Z, Tu Y. Airway relaxation mechanisms and structural basis of osthole for improving lung function in asthma. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/659/eaax0273. [PMID: 33234690 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Overuse of β2-adrenoceptor agonist bronchodilators evokes receptor desensitization, decreased efficacy, and an increased risk of death in asthma patients. Bronchodilators that do not target β2-adrenoceptors represent a critical unmet need for asthma management. Here, we characterize the utility of osthole, a coumarin derived from a traditional Chinese medicine, in preclinical models of asthma. In mouse precision-cut lung slices, osthole relaxed preconstricted airways, irrespective of β2-adrenoceptor desensitization. Osthole administered in murine asthma models attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark of asthma. Osthole inhibited phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) activity to amplify autocrine prostaglandin E2 signaling in airway smooth muscle cells that eventually triggered cAMP/PKA-dependent relaxation of airways. The crystal structure of the PDE4D complexed with osthole revealed that osthole bound to the catalytic site to prevent cAMP binding and hydrolysis. Together, our studies elucidate a specific molecular target and mechanism by which osthole induces airway relaxation. Identification of osthole binding sites on PDE4D will guide further development of bronchodilators that are not subject to tachyphylaxis and would thus avoid β2-adrenoceptor agonist resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Yan-Wu Huo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peter W Abel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Haihong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hai-Zhan Jiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolin Kuang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dennis W Wolff
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences-Joplin, Joplin, MO 64804, USA
| | - You-Guo Huang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Thomas B Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Taotao Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yaping Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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21
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Vo KC, Günay-Esiyok Ö, Liem N, Gupta N. The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii encodes a gamut of phosphodiesterases during its lytic cycle in human cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3861-3876. [PMID: 33335684 PMCID: PMC7720076 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma genome harbors at least 18 phosphodiesterases encoded by distinct genes. Most parasite PDEs lack regulatory modules and are quite divergent from their human orthologs. Acutely-infectious tachyzoite stage of T. gondii expresses 11 PDEs with varied localizations. PDE8 and PDE9 are closely-related dual-substrate specific proteins residing in the apical pole. Homology modeling of PDE8 and PDE9 reveals a conserved 3D topology and substrate pocket. PDE9 is dispensable in tachyzoites, signifying a functional redundancy with PDE8.
Cyclic nucleotide signaling is pivotal to the asexual reproduction of Toxoplasma gondii, however little do we know about the phosphodiesterase enzymes in this widespread obligate intracellular parasite. Here, we identified 18 phosphodiesterases (TgPDE1-18) in the parasite genome, most of which form apicomplexan-specific clades and lack archetypal regulatory motifs often found in mammalian PDEs. Genomic epitope-tagging in the tachyzoite stage showed the expression of 11 phosphodiesterases with diverse subcellular distributions. Notably, TgPDE8 and TgPDE9 are located in the apical plasma membrane to regulate cAMP and cGMP signaling, as suggested by their dual-substrate catalysis and structure modeling. TgPDE9 expression can be ablated with no apparent loss of growth fitness in tachyzoites. Likewise, the redundancy in protein expression, subcellular localization and predicted substrate specificity of several other PDEs indicate significant plasticity and spatial control of cyclic nucleotide signaling during the lytic cycle. Our findings shall enable a rational dissection of signaling in tachyzoites by combinatorial mutagenesis. Moreover, the phylogenetic divergence of selected Toxoplasma PDEs from human counterparts can be exploited to develop parasite-specific inhibitors and therapeutics.
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Key Words
- 3′IT, 3′-insertional tagging
- AC, adenylate cyclase
- Apicomplexa
- Bradyzoite
- COS, crossover sequence
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- EES, entero-epithelial stages
- FPKM, fragments per kilobase of exon model per million
- GC, guanylate cyclase
- GMQE, Global Model Quality Estimation
- HFF, human foreskin fibroblast
- HXGPRT, hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
- IMC, inner membrane complex
- Lytic cycle
- MAEBL, merozoite adhesive erythrocytic binding ligand
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- OCRE, octamer repeat
- PDE, phosphodiesterase
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKG, protein kinase G
- PM, plasma membrane
- QMEAN, Quality Model Energy Analysis
- Tachyzoite
- cAMP and cGMP signaling
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
- smHA, spaghetti monster-HA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Chi Vo
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Özlem Günay-Esiyok
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Liem
- Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nishith Gupta
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS-P), Hyderabad, India
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22
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Tresadern G, Velter I, Trabanco AA, Van den Keybus F, Macdonald GJ, Somers MVF, Vanhoof G, Leonard PM, Lamers MBAC, Van Roosbroeck YEM, Buijnsters PJJA. [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitors: Structure and Free-Energy Perturbation-Guided Exploration. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12887-12910. [PMID: 33105987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe the hit-to-lead exploration of a [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor arising from high-throughput screening. X-ray crystallography enabled structure-guided design, leading to the identification of preferred substructural components. Further rounds of optimization used relative binding free-energy calculations to prioritize different substituents from the large accessible chemical space. The free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations were performed for 265 putative PDE2A inhibitors, and 100 compounds were synthesized representing a relatively large prospective application providing unexpectedly active molecules with IC50's from 2340 to 0.89 nM. Lead compound 46 originating from the FEP calculations showed PDE2A inhibition IC50 of 1.3 ± 0.39 nM, ∼100-fold selectivity versus other PDE enzymes, clean cytochrome P450 profile, in vivo target occupancy, and promise for further lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tresadern
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Velter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andrés A Trabanco
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S. A., Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Frans Van den Keybus
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor J Macdonald
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marijke V F Somers
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Greet Vanhoof
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Philip M Leonard
- Structural Biology, Charles River Discovery (Previously BioFocus), Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL Essex, U.K
| | - Marieke B A C Lamers
- Structural Biology, Charles River Discovery (Previously BioFocus), Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL Essex, U.K
| | | | - Peter J J A Buijnsters
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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23
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Zhang R, Li H, Zhang X, Li J, Su H, Lu Q, Dong G, Dou H, Fan C, Gu Z, Mu Q, Tang W, Xu Y, Liu H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinolines derivatives as novel, selective PDE4 inhibitors for antipsoriasis treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113004. [PMID: 33218684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a kind of chronic inflammatory skin disorder, while the long-term use of conventional therapies for this disease are limited by severe adverse effects. Novel small molecules associated with new therapeutic mechanisms are greatly needed. It is known that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) plays a central role in regulating inflammatory responses through hydrolyzing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), making PDE4 to be an important target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (e.g. psoriasis). In our previous work, we identified a series of novel PDE4 inhibitors with a tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold through structure-based drug design, among which compound 1 showed moderate inhibition activity against PDE4. In this study, a series of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were developed based on the crystal structure of PDE4D in complex with compound 1. Anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds were evaluated, and compound 36, with high safety, permeability and selectivity, exhibited significant inhibitory potency against the enzymatic activity of PDE4D and the TNF-α release from the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 and hPBMCs. Moreover, an in vivo study demonstrated that a topical administration of 36 achieved more significant efficacy than calcipotriol to improve the features of psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Overall, our study provides a basis for further development of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based PDE4 inhibitors against psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haixia Su
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiukai Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guangyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huixia Dou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhanni Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qianwen Mu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yechun Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Langton M, Sun S, Ueda C, Markey M, Chen J, Paddy I, Jiang P, Chin N, Milne A, Pandelia ME. The HD-Domain Metalloprotein Superfamily: An Apparent Common Protein Scaffold with Diverse Chemistries. Catalysts 2020; 10:1191. [PMID: 34094591 PMCID: PMC8177086 DOI: 10.3390/catal10101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The histidine-aspartate (HD)-domain protein superfamily contains metalloproteins that share common structural features but catalyze vastly different reactions ranging from oxygenation to hydrolysis. This chemical diversion is afforded by (i) their ability to coordinate most biologically relevant transition metals in mono-, di-, and trinuclear configurations, (ii) sequence insertions or the addition of supernumerary ligands to their active sites, (iii) auxiliary substrate specificity residues vicinal to the catalytic site, (iv) additional protein domains that allosterically regulate their activities or have catalytic and sensory roles, and (v) their ability to work with protein partners. More than 500 structures of HD-domain proteins are available to date that lay out unique structural features which may be indicative of function. In this respect, we describe the three known classes of HD-domain proteins (hydrolases, oxygenases, and lyases) and identify their apparent traits with the aim to portray differences in the molecular details responsible for their functional divergence and reconcile existing notions that will help assign functions to yet-to-be characterized proteins. The present review collects data that exemplify how nature tinkers with the HD-domain scaffold to afford different chemistries and provides insight into the factors that can selectively modulate catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Langton
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Sining Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Chie Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Max Markey
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Jiahua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Isaac Paddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Paul Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Natalie Chin
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Amy Milne
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Maria-Eirini Pandelia
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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25
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Bolger GB, Smoot LHM, van Groen T. Dominant-Negative Attenuation of cAMP-Selective Phosphodiesterase PDE4D Action Affects Learning and Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5704. [PMID: 32784895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PDE4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases reduce 3′, 5′ cAMP levels in the CNS and thereby regulate PKA activity and the phosphorylation of CREB, fundamental to depression, cognition, and learning and memory. The PDE4 isoform PDE4D5 interacts with the signaling proteins β-arrestin2 and RACK1, regulators of β2-adrenergic and other signal transduction pathways. Mutations in PDE4D in humans predispose to acrodysostosis, associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits. To target PDE4D5, we developed mice that express a PDE4D5-D556A dominant-negative transgene in the brain. Male transgenic mice demonstrated significant deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning, as assayed in the Morris water maze. In contrast, associative learning, as assayed in a fear conditioning assay, appeared to be unaffected. Male transgenic mice showed augmented activity in prolonged (2 h) open field testing, while female transgenic mice showed reduced activity in the same assay. Transgenic mice showed no demonstrable abnormalities in prepulse inhibition. There was also no detectable difference in anxiety-like behavior, as measured in the elevated plus-maze. These data support the use of a dominant-negative approach to the study of PDE4D5 function in the CNS and specifically in learning and memory.
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26
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Hsieh CM, Chen CY, Chern JW, Chan NL. Structure of Human Phosphodiesterase 5A1 Complexed with Avanafil Reveals Molecular Basis of Isoform Selectivity and Guidelines for Targeting α-Helix Backbone Oxygen by Halogen Bonding. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8485-8494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | - Nei-Li Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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27
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Wu Y, Tian YJ, Le ML, Zhang SR, Zhang C, Huang MX, Jiang MY, Zhang B, Luo HB. Discovery of Novel Selective and Orally Bioavailable Phosphodiesterase-1 Inhibitors for the Efficient Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7867-7879. [PMID: 32603117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and devastating lung disease lacking effective therapy. To identify whether phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) inhibition could act as a novel target for the treatment of IPF, hit-to-lead structural optimizations were performed on the PDE9/PDE1 dual inhibitor (R)-C33, leading to compound 3m with an IC50 of 2.9 nM against PDE1C, excellent selectivity across PDE subfamilies, reasonable drug-like properties, and remarkable pharmacodynamic effects as an anti-IPF agent. Oral administration of compound 3m (10 mg/kg) exerted more significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects than pirfenidone (150 mg/kg) in a bleomycin-induced IPF rat model and prevented transforming growth factor-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast conversion in vitro, indicating that PDE1 inhibition could serve as a novel target for the efficient treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jing Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Si-Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Xing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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28
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Liao Y, Jia X, Tang Y, Li S, Zang Y, Wang L, Cui ZN, Song G. Discovery of novel inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 with 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline scaffold: Structure-based drug design and fragment identification. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Chau Y, Li FS, Levsh O, Weng JK. Exploration of icariin analog structure space reveals key features driving potent inhibition of human phosphodiesterase-5. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222803. [PMID: 31539416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural product icariin inhibits human phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) and represents a unique pharmacophore for treating erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and other diseases. In this study, we explore the available icariin-derived chemical scaffolds through medicinal chemistry to develop novel icariin PDE5 inhibitors with improved potency and specificity. We synthesized six novel semi-synthetic icariin analogs as well as three naturally occurring icariin analogs, and characterized the structure-activity relationship in the context of human PDE5 inhibition using in vitro enzyme inhibition and kinetics assays and molecular modeling. Mammalian-cell-based assays and in vitro enzyme inhibition assays against human PDE6C further helped to identify the most potent and selective icariin analogs. Our results reveal the synergistic contribution of functional groups at the C3 and C7 positions of the icariin backbone towards PDE5 inhibition. Whereas a hydrophobic and flexible alkanol group at the C7 position is sufficient to enhance icariin analog potency, combining this group with a hydrophilic sugar group at the C3 position leads to further enhancement of potency and promotes specificity towards PDE5 versus PDE6C. In particular, compounds 3 and 7 exhibit Ki values of 0.036 ± 0.005 μM and 0.036 ± 0.007 μM towards PDE5 respectively, which are approaching those of commercial PDE5 inhibitors, and can effectively reduce GMP levels in cultured human BJ-hTERT cells. This study identifies novel icariin analogs as potent and selective PDE5 inhibitors poised to become lead compounds for further pharmaceutical development.
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Nabavi SM, Talarek S, Listos J, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Roberto de Oliveira M, Tewari D, Argüelles S, Mehrzadi S, Hosseinzadeh A, D'onofrio G, Orhan IE, Sureda A, Xu S, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors say NO to Alzheimer's disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110822. [PMID: 31536753 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consisted of 11 subtypes (PDE1 to PDE11) and over 40 isoforms that regulate levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the second messengers in cell functions. PDE inhibitors (PDEIs) have been attractive therapeutic targets due to their involvement in diverse medical conditions, e.g. cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), etc. Among them; AD with a complex pathology is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affect mostly senile people in the world and only symptomatic treatment particularly using cholinesterase inhibitors in clinic is available at the moment for AD. Consequently, novel treatment strategies towards AD are still searched extensively. Since PDEs are broadly expressed in the brain, PDEIs are considered to modulate neurodegenerative conditions through regulating cAMP and cGMP in the brain. In this sense, several synthetic or natural molecules inhibiting various PDE subtypes such as rolipram and roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitors), vinpocetine (PDE1 inhibitor), cilostazol and milrinone (PDE3 inhibitors), sildenafil and tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitors), etc have been reported showing encouraging results for the treatment of AD. In this review, PDE superfamily will be scrutinized from the view point of structural features, isoforms, functions and pharmacology particularly attributed to PDEs as target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Grazia D'onofrio
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
| | - Saeedeh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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31
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Chu F, Hogan D, Gupta R, Gao XZ, Nguyen HT, Cote RH. Allosteric Regulation of Rod Photoreceptor Phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) Elucidated by Chemical Cross-Linking and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3677-3689. [PMID: 31394113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE6) is the central effector enzyme in the visual excitation pathway in rod and cone photoreceptors. Its tight regulation is essential for the speed, sensitivity, recovery, and adaptation of visual signaling. The rod PDE6 holoenzyme (Pαβγ2) is composed of a catalytic heterodimer (Pαβ) that binds two inhibitory γ subunits. Each of the two catalytic subunits (Pα and Pβ) contains a catalytic domain responsible for cGMP hydrolysis and two tandem GAF domains, one of which binds cGMP noncatalytically. Unlike related GAF-containing PDEs where cGMP binding allosterically activates catalysis, the physiological significance of cGMP binding to the GAF domains of PDE6 is unknown. To elucidate the structural determinants of PDE6 allosteric regulators, we biochemically characterized PDE6 complexes in various allosteric states (Pαβ, Pαβ-cGMP, Pαβγ2, and Pαβγ2-cGMP) with a quantitative cross-linking/mass spectrometry approach. We employed a normalization strategy to dissect the cross-linking reactivity of individual residues in order to assess the spatial cross-linking propensity of detected pairs. In addition to identifying cross-linked pairs that undergo conformational changes upon ligand binding, we observed an asymmetric binding of the inhibitory γ-subunit and the noncatalytic cGMP to the GAFa domains of rod PDE6, as well as a stable open conformation of Pαβ catalytic dimer in different allosteric states. These results advance our understanding of the exquisite regulatory control of the lifetime of rod PDE6 activation/deactivation during visual signaling, as well as providing a structural basis for interpreting how mutations in rod PDE6 subunits can lead to retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Chu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | - Donna Hogan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Xiong-Zhuo Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Rick H Cote
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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32
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Dar MI, Mahajan P, Jan S, Jain SK, Tiwari H, Sandey J, Bharate S, Nargotra A, Syed SH. Rottlerin is a pan phosphodiesterase inhibitor and can induce neurodifferentiation in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Zhang X, Dong G, Li H, Chen W, Li J, Feng C, Gu Z, Zhu F, Zhang R, Li M, Tang W, Liu H, Xu Y. Structure-Aided Identification and Optimization of Tetrahydro-isoquinolines as Novel PDE4 Inhibitors Leading to Discovery of an Effective Antipsoriasis Agent. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5579-5593. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangyu Dong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Heng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wuyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunlan Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhanni Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fenghua Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minjun Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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34
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Wang Z, Jiang X, Zhang X, Tian G, Yang R, Wu J, Zou X, Liu Z, Yang X, Wu C, Shi J, Li J, Suo J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Xu Z, Gong X, He Y, Zhu W, Aisa HA, Jiang H, Xu Y, Shen J. Pharmacokinetics-Driven Optimization of 4(3 H)-Pyrimidinones as Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Leading to TPN171, a Clinical Candidate for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4979-4990. [PMID: 31021628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are first-line therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and erectile dysfunction. As a continuing work to improve the terminal half-lives and oral bioavailabilities of our previously reported 4(3 H)-pyrimidones, a pharmacokinetics-driven optimization focusing on the terminal substituent is described. Two major congeneric series of 4(3 H)-pyrimidones, the aminosulfonylphenylpyrimidones and acylaminophenylpyrimidones, were designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically assessed in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 15 (TPN171) with subnanomolar potency for PDE5 and good selectivity over PDE6 was finally recognized as a potential drug candidate, and its pharmacokinetic profiles in rats and dogs are significantly improved compared to the starting compound (3). Moreover, TPN171 was proven to exert a longer lasting effect than sildenafil in animal models, providing a foundation for a once-daily oral administration for its clinical use. TPN171 is currently being investigated in a phase II clinical trial for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,School of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guanghui Tian
- Vigonvita Life Science Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Rulei Yang
- Vigonvita Life Science Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Vigonvita Life Science Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xiaoli Zou
- Vigonvita Life Science Co., Ltd. , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jing Shi
- Topharman Shanghai Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jin Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Rongxia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xudong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - Yang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,School of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,School of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,School of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China.,School of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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35
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Rabal O, Sánchez-Arias JA, Cuadrado-Tejedor M, de Miguel I, Pérez-González M, García-Barroso C, Ugarte A, Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza A, Sáez E, Espelosin M, Ursua S, Haizhong T, Wei W, Musheng X, Garcia-Osta A, Oyarzabal J. Discovery of in Vivo Chemical Probes for Treating Alzheimer's Disease: Dual Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and Class I Histone Deacetylase Selective Inhibitors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1765-1782. [PMID: 30525452 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the contributions of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms to the beneficial effects of dual phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and pan-HDAC inhibitors on in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we have designed, synthesized, and tested novel chemical probes with the desired target compound profile of PDE5 and class I HDAC selective inhibitors. Compared to previous hydroxamate-based series, these molecules exhibit longer residence times on HDACs. In this scenario, shorter or longer preincubation times may have a significant impact on the IC50 values of these compounds and therefore on their corresponding selectivity profiles on the different HDAC isoforms. On the other hand, different chemical series have been explored and, as expected, some pairwise comparisons show a clear impact of the scaffold on biological responses (e.g., 35a vs 40a). The lead identification process led to compound 29a, which shows an adequate ADME-Tox profile and in vivo target engagement (histone acetylation and cAMP/cGMP response element-binding (CREB) phosphorylation) in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting that this compound represents an optimized chemical probe; thus, 29a has been assayed in a mouse model of AD (Tg2576).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tan Haizhong
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, Fourth Avenue, Tianjin 300456, PR China
| | - Wu Wei
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, Fourth Avenue, Tianjin 300456, PR China
| | - Xu Musheng
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, Fourth Avenue, Tianjin 300456, PR China
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36
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Maryam A, Vedithi SC, Khalid RR, Alsulami AF, Torres PHM, Siddiqi AR, Blundell TL. The Molecular Organization of Human cGMP Specific Phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6): Structural Implications of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and Retinitis Pigmentosa. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:378-389. [PMID: 30962868 PMCID: PMC6434069 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway, phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) maintains a critical balance of the intracellular concentration of cGMP by catalyzing it to 5′ guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP). To gain insight into the mechanistic impacts of the PDE6 somatic mutations that are implicated in cancer and retinitis pigmentosa, we first defined the structure and organization of the human PDE6 heterodimer using computational comparative modelling. Each subunit of PDE6αβ possesses three domains connected through long α-helices. The heterodimer model indicates that the two chains are likely related by a pseudo two-fold axis. The N-terminal region of each subunit is comprised of two allosteric cGMP-binding domains (Gaf-A & Gaf-B), oriented in the same way and interacting with the catalytic domain present at the C-terminal in a way that would allow the allosteric cGMP-binding domains to influence catalytic activity. Subsequently, we applied an integrated knowledge-driven in silico mutation analysis approach to understand the structural and functional implications of experimentally identified mutations that cause various cancers and retinitis pigmentosa, as well as computational saturation mutagenesis of the dimer interface and cGMP-binding residues of both Gaf-A, and the catalytic domains. We studied the impact of mutations on the stability of PDE6αβ structure, subunit-interfaces and Gaf-cGMP interactions. Further, we discussed the changes in interatomic interactions of mutations that are destabilizing in Gaf-A (R93L, V141 M, F162 L), catalytic domain (D600N, F742 L, F776 L) and at the dimer interface (F426A, F248G, F424 N). This study establishes a possible link of change in PDE6αβ structural stability to the experimentally observed disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooma Maryam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | | | - Rana Rehan Khalid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali F Alsulami
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | | | - Abdul Rauf Siddiqi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tom L Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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Gulati S, Palczewski K, Engel A, Stahlberg H, Kovacik L. Cryo-EM structure of phosphodiesterase 6 reveals insights into the allosteric regulation of type I phosphodiesterases. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav4322. [PMID: 30820458 PMCID: PMC6392808 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) work in conjunction with adenylate/guanylate cyclases to regulate the key second messengers of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Previous attempts to determine the full-length structure of PDE family members at high-resolution have been hindered by structural flexibility, especially in their linker regions and N- and C-terminal ends. Therefore, most structure-activity relationship studies have so far focused on truncated and conserved catalytic domains rather than the regulatory domains that allosterically govern the activity of most PDEs. Here, we used single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of the full-length PDE6αβ2γ complex. The final density map resolved at 3.4 Å reveals several previously unseen structural features, including a coiled N-terminal domain and the interface of PDE6γ subunits with the PDE6αβ heterodimer. Comparison of the PDE6αβ2γ complex with the closed state of PDE2A sheds light on the conformational changes associated with the allosteric activation of type I PDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Gulati
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, 829 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 1819 East 101st Street, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, 829 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 1819 East 101st Street, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andreas Engel
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lubomir Kovacik
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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38
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Flueck C, Drought LG, Jones A, Patel A, Perrin AJ, Walker EM, Nofal SD, Snijders AP, Blackman MJ, Baker DA. Phosphodiesterase beta is the master regulator of cAMP signalling during malaria parasite invasion. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000154. [PMID: 30794532 PMCID: PMC6402698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide signalling is a major regulator of malaria parasite differentiation. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes are known to control cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels in the parasite, but the mechanisms by which cyclic AMP (cAMP) is regulated remain enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that Plasmodium falciparum phosphodiesterase β (PDEβ) hydrolyses both cAMP and cGMP and is essential for blood stage viability. Conditional gene disruption causes a profound reduction in invasion of erythrocytes and rapid death of those merozoites that invade. We show that this dual phenotype results from elevated cAMP levels and hyperactivation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Phosphoproteomic analysis of PDEβ-null parasites reveals a >2-fold increase in phosphorylation at over 200 phosphosites, more than half of which conform to a PKA substrate consensus sequence. We conclude that PDEβ plays a critical role in governing correct temporal activation of PKA required for erythrocyte invasion, whilst suppressing untimely PKA activation during early intra-erythrocytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Flueck
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura G. Drought
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avnish Patel
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail J. Perrin
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise M. Walker
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie D. Nofal
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius P. Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Blackman
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Baker
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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39
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Pattis JG, Kamal S, Li B, May ER. Catalytic Domains of Phosphodiesterase 5, 6, and 5/6 Chimera Display Differential Dynamics and Ligand Dissociation Energy Barriers. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:825-835. [PMID: 30616346 PMCID: PMC6502234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) is a critical component of the visual signaling pathway and functions to convert cGMP to GMP. The ability of PDE6 to affect cellular cGMP levels leads to deactivation of cGMP-gated ion channels in both rod and cone cells. PDE6 has been difficult to structurally characterize experimentally, though the structures of the closely related PDE5 and a PDE5/6 chimera have been determined by X-ray crystallography. In this work, we employ a computational approach to study the dynamics of the catalytic domains of PDE6, PDE5, and the PDE5/6 chimera. Through equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we identify a region of PDE6 (α12) to be correlated to distal regions of the enzyme (H- and M-loops), which surround the catalytic center. These correlations are not observed for PDE5, and we speculate that these unique motions in PDE6 may relate to the high catalytic efficiency of PDE6 and the requirement for an endogenous inhibitory subunit (Pγ). We further investigate the ligand binding pathways and energetics by enhanced sampling simulations (metadynamics) using the inhibitor sildenafil and GMP. The energetics and pathways of ligand binding are consistent with the high efficiency of PDE6 and further implicate the α12 region as an important regulatory element for PDE6 functional dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boyang Li
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Eric R. May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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40
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Sharma P, Srivastava P, Seth A, Tripathi PN, Banerjee AG, Shrivastava SK. Comprehensive review of mechanisms of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 174:53-89. [PMID: 30599179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in an aging population worldwide. The enormous challenge which AD possesses to global healthcare makes it as urgent as ever for the researchers to develop innovative treatment strategies to fight this disease. An in-depth analysis of the extensive available data associated with the AD is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways associated with the onset and progression of the AD. The currently understood pathological and biochemical manifestations include cholinergic, Aβ, tau, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, ApoE, CREB signaling pathways, insulin resistance, etc. However, these hypotheses have been criticized with several conflicting reports for their involvement in the disease progression. Several issues need to be addressed such as benefits to cost ratio with cholinesterase therapy, the dilemma of AChE selectivity over BChE, BBB permeability of peptidic BACE-1 inhibitors, hurdles related to the implementation of vaccination and immunization therapy, and clinical failure of candidates related to newly available targets. The present review provides an insight to the different molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the AD and potential therapeutic strategies, enlightening perceptions into structural information of conventional and novel targets along with the successful applications of computational approaches for the design of target-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pavan Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Anupam G Banerjee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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41
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Casarini L, Riccetti L, Limoncella S, Lazzaretti C, Barbagallo F, Pacifico S, Guerrini R, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Simoni M, Sola M, Di Rocco G. Probing the Effect of Sildenafil on Progesterone and Testosterone Production by an Intracellular FRET/BRET Combined Approach. Biochemistry 2018; 58:799-808. [PMID: 30532959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors have been recently applied to the study of biological pathways. In this study, a new biosensor was validated for the first time in live HEK293 and steroidogenic MLTC-1 cell lines for studying the effect of the PDE5 inhibitor on the hCG/LH-induced steroidogenic pathway. The sensor improves FRET between a donor (D), the fluorescein-like diarsenical probe that can covalently bind a tetracysteine motif fused to the PDE5 catalytic domain, and an acceptor (A), the rhodamine probe conjugated to the pseudosubstrate cGMPS. Affinity constant ( Kd) values of 5.6 ± 3.2 and 13.7 ± 0.8 μM were obtained with HEK293 and MLTC-1 cells, respectively. The detection was based on the competitive displacement of the cGMPS-rhodamine conjugate by sildenafil; the Ki values were 3.6 ± 0.3 nM (IC50 = 2.3 nM) in HEK293 cells and 10 ± 1.0 nM (IC50 = 3.9 nM) in MLTC-1 cells. The monitoring of both cAMP and cGMP by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer allowed the exploitation of the effects of PDE5i on steroidogenesis, indicating that sildenafil enhanced the gonadotropin-induced progesterone-to-testosterone conversion in a cAMP-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy.,Center for Genome Research , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41126 Modena , Italy
| | - Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Silvia Limoncella
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , 00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy , Azienda USL of Modena , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy , Azienda USL of Modena , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy.,Center for Genome Research , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41126 Modena , Italy.,Azienda , Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
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42
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Ahmed NS. Tadalafil: 15 years' journey in male erectile dysfunction and beyond. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:683-701. [PMID: 30548639 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery Tadalafil, Cialis, Eli Lilly & Co./ICOS, (6R,12aR)-6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydropyrazino[1',2':1,6] pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione, was first discovered in 2003. It was reported to have high diastereospecificity for phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitions. The cis-(6R, 12aR) enantiomer is the most active enantiomer. Tadalafil showed PDE5 inhibition with IC50 = 5 nM. It possesses high selectivity for PDE5 versus PDE1-4 and PDE6. Tadalafil is more selective to PDE5 against PDE6 whereas sildenafil, another commercially available PDE5 inhibitor shows similar potencies to inhibit PDE5 and PDE6. Tadalafil is used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (MED), prostatic benign hyperplasia (PBH) signs and symptoms, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Adcirca, another name for tadalafil, is used to treat PAH and improve exercise capacity. Recent clinical studies suggest the use of tadalafil for nonurological applications, including circulatory disorders (ischemia injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and stroke), neurodegenerative disorders, and cognitive impairment conditions. This review discusses tadalafil and its analogues reported in the past 15 years. It discusses synthetic pathways, structural activity relationships, existing and future pharmacological indications of tadalafil and its analogues. This work can help medicinal chemists developing novel PDE5 inhibitors with wider therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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43
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Scharrenbroich J, Kaever V, Dove S, Seifert R, Schneider EH. Hydrolysis of the non-canonical cyclic nucleotide cUMP by PDE9A: kinetics and binding mode. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:199-208. [PMID: 30443663 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-canonical cyclic nucleotide cUMP and the phosphodiesterase PDE9A both occur in neuronal cells. Using HPLC-coupled tandem mass spectrometry, we characterized the kinetics of PDE9A-mediated cUMP hydrolysis. PDE9A is a low-affinity and high-velocity enzyme for cUMP (Vmax = ~ 6 μmol/min/mg; Km = ~ 401 μM). The PDE9 inhibitor BAY 73-6691 inhibited PDE9A-catalyzed cUMP hydrolysis (Ki = 590 nM). Docking studies indicate two H-bonds between the cUMP uridine moiety and Gln453/Asn405 of PDE9A. By contrast, the guanosine moiety of cGMP forms three H-bonds with Gln453. cCMP is not hydrolyzed at a concentration of 3 μM, but inhibits the PDE9A-catalyzed cUMP hydrolysis at concentrations of 100 μM or more. The probable main reason is that the cytosine moiety cannot act as H-bond acceptor for Gln453. A comparison of PDE9A with PDE7A suggests that the preference of the former for cGMP and cUMP and of the latter for cAMP and cCMP is due to stabilized alternative conformations of the side chain amide of Gln453 and Gln413, respectively. This so-called glutamine switch is known to be involved in the regulation of cAMP/cGMP selectivity of some PDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Scharrenbroich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Dove
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erich H Schneider
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Pharmacology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Walia MK, Taylor S, Ho PWM, Martin TJ, Walkley CR. Tolerance to sustained activation of the cAMP/Creb pathway activity in osteoblastic cells is enabled by loss of p53. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:844. [PMID: 30154459 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The loss of p53 function is a central event in the genesis of osteosarcoma (OS). How mutation of p53 enables OS development from osteoblastic lineage cells is poorly understood. We and others have reported a key role for elevated and persistent activation of the cAMP/PKA/Creb1 pathway in maintenance of OS. In view of the osteoblast lineage being the cell of origin of OS, we sought to determine how these pathways interact within the context of the normal osteoblast. Normal osteoblasts (p53 WT) rapidly underwent apoptosis in response to acute elevation of cAMP levels or activity, whereas p53-deficient osteoblasts tolerated this aberrant cAMP/Creb level and activity. Using the p53 activating small-molecule Nutlin-3a and cAMP/Creb1 activator forskolin, we addressed the question of how p53 responds to the activation of cAMP. We observed that p53 acts dominantly to protect cells from excessive cAMP accumulation. We identify a Creb1-Cbp complex that functions together with and interacts with p53. Finally, translating these results we find that a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the Creb1-Cbp interaction demonstrates selective toxicity to OS cells where this pathway is constitutively active. This highlights the cAMP/Creb axis as a potentially actionable therapeutic vulnerability in p53-deficient tumors such as OS. These results define a mechanism through which p53 protects normal osteoblasts from excessive or abnormal cAMP accumulation, which becomes fundamentally compromised in OS.
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45
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Ostermeyer J, Golly F, Kaever V, Dove S, Seifert R, Schneider EH. cUMP hydrolysis by PDE3B. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:891-905. [PMID: 29808231 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous results indicate that the phosphodiesterase PDE3B hydrolyzes cUMP. Also, almost 50 years ago, cUMP-hydrolytic activity was observed in rat adipose tissue. We intended to characterize the enzyme kinetics of PDE3B-mediated cUMP hydrolysis, to determine the PDE3B binding mode of cUMP, and to analyze cUMP hydrolysis in adipocyte preparations. Educts (cNMPs) and products (NMPs) of the PDE reactions as well as intracellular cNMPs were quantitated by HPLC-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. PDE3B expression was determined by qPCR and Western blot. Docking studies were performed with the PDE3B crystal structure PDB ID 1SO2 (complex with a dihydropyridazine inhibitor). PDE3B hydrolyzed cUMP (Km ~ 550 μM, Vmax ~ 76 μmol/min/mg) and cAMP (Km ~ 0.7 μM, Vmax ~ 4.3 μmol/min/mg) in a milrinone (PDE3-selective inhibitor)-sensitive manner (Ki for inhibition of cUMP hydrolysis: 205 nM). cUMP forms one hydrogen bond with PDE3B (uracil 3-NH with side chain oxygen of Q988). Two hydrogen bonds stabilize cAMP binding. cCMP does not interact with PDE3B. Possibly, the cytosine base cannot form hydrogen bonds with PDE3B, and the 4-NH2 group clashes with L987 of the enzyme. Adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 MBX cells increased mRNA of PDE3B, but not of PDE3A. Significant amounts of cUMP were detected in differentiated and undifferentiated 3T3-L1 MBX cells. 3T3-L1 MBX adipocyte lysates and rat epididymal adipose tissue membranes contained milrinone-sensitive cUMP-hydrolytic activity. PDE3B is a low-affinity and high-velocity phosphodiesterase for cUMP. The cUMP-hydrolyzing activity described almost 50 years ago for rat adipose tissue is caused by PDE3, probably by the isoform PDE3B.
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Zheng H, Li L, Sun B, Gao Y, Song W, Zhao X, Gao Y, Xie Z, Zhang N, Ji J, Yuan H, Lou H. Design and synthesis of furyl/thineyl pyrroloquinolones based on natural alkaloid perlolyrine, lead to the discovery of potent and selective PDE5 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Almatary AM, Elmorsy MA, El Husseiny WM, Selim KB, El-Sayed MAA. Design, synthesis, and molecular modeling of heterocyclic bioisostere as potent PDE4 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700403. [PMID: 29573453 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A new hybrid template was designed by combining the structural features of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors with several heterocyclic moieties which present an integral part in the skeleton of many apoptotic agents. Thirteen compounds of the synthesized hybrids displayed higher inhibitory activity against PDE4B than the reference drug, roflumilast. Further investigation indicated that compounds 13b and 20 arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and the pre-G1 phase, and induced cell death by apoptosis of A549 cells in a caspase-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Almatary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Elmorsy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walaa M El Husseiny
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khalid B Selim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magda A-A El-Sayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Rabal O, Sánchez-Arias JA, Cuadrado-Tejedor M, de Miguel I, Pérez-González M, García-Barroso C, Ugarte A, Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza A, Sáez E, Espelosin M, Ursua S, Haizhong T, Wei W, Musheng X, Garcia-Osta A, Oyarzabal J. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in vivo testing of dual phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-selective inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:506-524. [PMID: 29549837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have identified chemical probes that act as dual phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-selective inhibitors (>1 log unit difference versus class I HDACs) to decipher the contribution of HDAC isoforms to the positive impact of dual-acting PDE5 and HDAC inhibitors on mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and fine-tune this systems therapeutics approach. Structure- and knowledge-based approaches led to the design of first-in-class molecules with the desired target compound profile: dual PDE5 and HDAC6-selective inhibitors. Compound 44b, which fulfilled the biochemical, functional and ADME-Tox profiling requirements and exhibited adequate pharmacokinetic properties, was selected as pharmacological tool compound and tested in a mouse model of AD (Tg2576) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan A Sánchez-Arias
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene de Miguel
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-González
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina García-Barroso
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Ugarte
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Sáez
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Espelosin
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Ursua
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tan Haizhong
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, 4th Avenue, Tianjin, 300456, PR China
| | - Wu Wei
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, 4th Avenue, Tianjin, 300456, PR China
| | - Xu Musheng
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, No. 111 HuangHai Road, 4th Avenue, Tianjin, 300456, PR China
| | - Ana Garcia-Osta
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Roberts RS, Sevilla S, Ferrer M, Taltavull J, Hernández B, Segarra V, Gràcia J, Lehner MD, Gavaldà A, Andrés M, Cabedo J, Vilella D, Eichhorn P, Calama E, Carcasona C, Miralpeix M. 4-Amino-7,8-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6 H)-ones as Inhaled Phosphodiesterase Type 4 (PDE4) Inhibitors: Structural Biology and Structure-Activity Relationships. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2472-2489. [PMID: 29502405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of a novel template of naphthyridinones rapidly led to PDE4 inhibitors with subnanomolar enzymatic potencies. X-ray crystallography confirmed the binding mode of this novel template. We achieved compounds with double-digit picomolar enzymatic potencies through further structure-based design by targeting both the PDE4 enzyme metal-binding pocket and occupying the solvent-filled pocket. A strategy for lung retention and long duration of action based on low aqueous solubility was followed. In vivo efficacies were measured in a rat lung neutrophilia model by suspension microspray and dry powder administration. Suspension microspray of potent compounds showed in vivo efficacy with a clear dose-response. Despite sustained lung levels, dry powder administration performed much less well and without proper dose-response, highlighting clear differences between the two formulations. This indicates a deficiency in the low aqueous solubility strategy for long duration lung efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Roberts
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sara Sevilla
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Manel Ferrer
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Joan Taltavull
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Begoña Hernández
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Victor Segarra
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Gràcia
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Martin D Lehner
- Bionorica SE , Kerschensteinerstraße 11-15 , 92318 Neumarkt , Germany
| | | | - Miriam Andrés
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Judit Cabedo
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dolors Vilella
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | | | | | - Montserrat Miralpeix
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
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50
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Moussa BA, El-Zaher AA, El-Ashrey MK, Fouad MA. Synthesis and molecular docking of new roflumilast analogues as preferential-selective potent PDE-4B inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic profile. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:477-486. [PMID: 29477888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we designed and synthesized new roflumilast analogues with preferential-selective PDE-4B inhibition activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties. The unsubstituted benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl and -6-yl benzamide derivatives (4a and 6a) showed both good potency and preferential selectivity for PDE-4B. More remarkably, 6c revealed 6 times preferential PDE-4B/4D selectivity with a significant increase of in vitro cAMP and good % inhibition of TNF-α concentration. In addition, the in vitro pharmacokinetics of 6c showed good metabolic stability with in vitro CLint (5.67 mL/min/kg) and moderate % plasma protein binding (53.71%). This was reflected onto increased in vivo exposure with a half-life greater than roflumilast by 3 folds (21 h) and a Cmax value of 113.958 ng/mL. Molecular docking attributed its good activity to its key binding interactions in PDE-4B active site with additional hydrogen bonding with amino acids lining the metal pocket. Summing up, 6c can be considered as suitable candidate for further investigation for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahia A Moussa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A El-Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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