1
|
Jiang X, Zhao K, Sun Y, Song X, Yi C, Xiong T, Wang S, Yu Y, Chen X, Liu R, Yan X, Antos CL. The scale of zebrafish pectoral fin buds is determined by intercellular K+ levels and consequent Ca2+-mediated signaling via retinoic acid regulation of Rcan2 and Kcnk5b. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002565. [PMID: 38527087 PMCID: PMC11018282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
K+ channels regulate morphogens to scale adult fins, but little is known about what regulates the channels and how they control morphogen expression. Using the zebrafish pectoral fin bud as a model for early vertebrate fin/limb development, we found that K+ channels also scale this anatomical structure, and we determined how one K+-leak channel, Kcnk5b, integrates into its developmental program. From FLIM measurements of a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based K+ sensor, we observed coordinated decreases in intracellular K+ levels during bud growth, and overexpression of K+-leak channels in vivo coordinately increased bud proportions. Retinoic acid, which can enhance fin/limb bud growth, decreased K+ in bud tissues and up-regulated regulator of calcineurin (rcan2). rcan2 overexpression increased bud growth and decreased K+, while CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of rcan2 decreased growth and increased K+. We observed similar results in the adult caudal fins. Moreover, CRISPR targeting of Kcnk5b revealed that Rcan2-mediated growth was dependent on the Kcnk5b. We also found that Kcnk5b enhanced depolarization in fin bud cells via Na+ channels and that this enhanced depolarization was required for Kcnk5b-enhanced growth. Lastly, Kcnk5b-induced shha transcription and bud growth required IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and CaMKK activity. Thus, we provide a mechanism for how retinoic acid via rcan2 can regulate K+-channel activity to scale a vertebrate appendage via intercellular Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiduo Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christopher L. Antos
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin L, Liu Y, Wu Y, Huang Y, Zhang D. REST Is Not Resting: REST/NRSF in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1477. [PMID: 37892159 PMCID: PMC10605157 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin modifications play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. The repressor element-1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor (REST), also known as neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) and X2 box repressor (XBR), was found to regulate gene transcription by binding to chromatin and recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes. Earlier studies revealed that REST plays an important role in the development and disease of the nervous system, mainly by repressing the transcription of neuron-specific genes. Subsequently, REST was found to be critical in other tissues, such as the heart, pancreas, skin, eye, and vascular. Dysregulation of REST was also found in nervous and non-nervous system cancers. In parallel, multiple strategies to target REST have been developed. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of the research progress made over the past 28 years since the discovery of REST, encompassing both physiological and pathological aspects. These insights into the effects and mechanisms of REST contribute to an in-depth understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of genes and their roles in the development and progression of disease, with a view to discovering potential therapeutic targets and intervention strategies for various related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vega-Benedetti AF, Loi E, Moi L, Zavattari P. DNA methylation alterations at RE1-silencing transcription factor binding sites and their flanking regions in cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:98. [PMID: 37301955 PMCID: PMC10257853 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation changes, frequent early events in cancer, can modulate the binding of transcription factors. RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) plays a fundamental role in regulating the expression of neuronal genes, and in particular their silencing in non-neuronal tissues, by inducing chromatin modifications, including DNA methylation changes, not only in the proximity of its binding sites but also in the flanking regions. REST has been found aberrantly expressed in brain cancer and other cancer types. In this work, we investigated DNA methylation alterations at REST binding sites and their flanking regions in a brain cancer (pilocytic astrocytoma), two gastrointestinal tumours (colorectal cancer and biliary tract cancer) and a blood cancer (chronic lymphocytic leukemia). RESULTS Differential methylation analyses focused on REST binding sites and their flanking regions were conducted between tumour and normal samples from our experimental datasets analysed by Illumina microarrays and the identified alterations were validated using publicly available datasets. We discovered distinct DNA methylation patterns between pilocytic astrocytoma and the other cancer types in agreement with the opposite oncogenic and tumour suppressive role of REST in glioma and non-brain tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that these DNA methylation alterations in cancer may be associated with REST dysfunction opening the enthusiastic possibility to develop novel therapeutic interventions based on the modulation of this master regulator in order to restore the aberrant methylation of its target regions into a normal status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Loredana Moi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shevlyakov AD, Kolesnikova TO, de Abreu MS, Petersen EV, Yenkoyan KB, Demin KA, Kalueff AV. Forward Genetics-Based Approaches to Understanding the Systems Biology and Molecular Mechanisms of Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065280. [PMID: 36982355 PMCID: PMC10049737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a highly prevalent, severely debilitating neurological disorder characterized by seizures and neuronal hyperactivity due to an imbalanced neurotransmission. As genetic factors play a key role in epilepsy and its treatment, various genetic and genomic technologies continue to dissect the genetic causes of this disorder. However, the exact pathogenesis of epilepsy is not fully understood, necessitating further translational studies of this condition. Here, we applied a computational in silico approach to generate a comprehensive network of molecular pathways involved in epilepsy, based on known human candidate epilepsy genes and their established molecular interactors. Clustering the resulting network identified potential key interactors that may contribute to the development of epilepsy, and revealed functional molecular pathways associated with this disorder, including those related to neuronal hyperactivity, cytoskeletal and mitochondrial function, and metabolism. While traditional antiepileptic drugs often target single mechanisms associated with epilepsy, recent studies suggest targeting downstream pathways as an alternative efficient strategy. However, many potential downstream pathways have not yet been considered as promising targets for antiepileptic treatment. Our study calls for further research into the complexity of molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy, aiming to develop more effective treatments targeting novel putative downstream pathways of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton D. Shevlyakov
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Genomics, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Neuroscience Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Konstantin B. Yenkoyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory of COBRAIN Center for Fundamental Brain Research, and Biochemistry Department, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Konstantin A. Demin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.A.D.); (A.V.K.); Tel.: +7-240-899-9571 (A.V.K.)
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- Neuroscience Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Neuroscience Laboratory of COBRAIN Center for Fundamental Brain Research, and Biochemistry Department, Yerevan State Medical University named after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 197758 Pesochny, Russia
- Neuroscience Group, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biopsychiatry, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.A.D.); (A.V.K.); Tel.: +7-240-899-9571 (A.V.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The NRSF/REST transcription factor in hallmarks of cancer: From molecular mechanisms to clinical relevance. Biochimie 2023; 206:116-134. [PMID: 36283507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), or neuron restrictive silencing factor (NRSF), was first identified as a repressor of neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissue. Interestingly, this transcription factor may act as a tumor suppressor or an oncogenic role in developing neuroendocrine and other tumors in patients. The hallmarks of cancer include six biological processes, including proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resistance to cell death, replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. In addition to two emerging hallmarks, the reprogramming of energy metabolism and evasion of the immune response are all implicated in the development of human tumors. It is essential to know the role of these processes as they will affect the outcome of alternatives for cancer treatment. Various studies in this review demonstrate that NRSF/REST affects the different hallmarks of cancer that could position NRSF/REST as an essential target in the therapy and diagnosis of certain types of cancer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin Y, Zhao YJ, Zhang HL, Hao WJ, Zhu RD, Wang Y, Hu W, Zhou RP. Regulatory role of KCa3.1 in immune cell function and its emerging association with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997621. [PMID: 36275686 PMCID: PMC9580404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation. Immune dysfunction is an essential mechanism in the pathogenesis of RA and directly linked to synovial inflammation and cartilage/bone destruction. Intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa3.1) is considered a significant regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of immune cells by mediating Ca2+ signal transduction. Earlier studies have demonstrated abnormal activation of KCa3.1 in the peripheral blood and articular synovium of RA patients. Moreover, knockout of KCa3.1 reduced the severity of synovial inflammation and cartilage damage to a significant extent in a mouse collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model. Accumulating evidence implicates KCa3.1 as a potential therapeutic target for RA. Here, we provide an overview of the KCa3.1 channel and its pharmacological properties, discuss the significance of KCa3.1 in immune cells and feasibility as a drug target for modulating the immune balance, and highlight its emerging role in pathological progression of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ren-Di Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hu, ; Ren-Peng Zhou,
| | - Ren-Peng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hu, ; Ren-Peng Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim I, Choi S, Yoo S, Lee M, Park JW. AURKB, in concert with REST, acts as an oxygen-sensitive epigenetic regulator of the hypoxic induction of MDM2. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35410638 PMCID: PMC9252896 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.6.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute response to hypoxia is mainly driven by hypoxia-inducible factors, but their effects gradually subside with time. Hypoxia-specific histone modifications may be important for the stable maintenance of long-term adaptation to hypoxia. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic alterations of histones under hypoxic conditions. We found that the phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser-10 (H3S10) was noticeably attenuated after hypoxic challenge, which was mediated by the inhibition of aurora kinase B (AURKB). To understand the role of AURKB in epigenetic regulation, DNA microarray and transcription factor binding site analyses combined with proteomics analysis were performed. Under normoxia, phosphorylated AURKB, in concert with the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), phosphorylates H3S10, which allows the AURKB–REST complex to access the MDM2 proto-oncogene. REST then acts as a transcriptional repressor of MDM2 and downregulates its expression. Under hypoxia, AURKB is dephosphorylated and the AURKB–REST complex fails to access MDM2, leading to the upregulation of its expression. In this study, we present a case of hypoxia-specific epigenetic regulation of the oxygen-sensitive AURKB signaling pathway. To better understand the cellular adaptation to hypoxia, it is worthwhile to further investigate the epigenetic regulation of genes under hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iljin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sanga Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Seongkyeong Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tharp DL, Bowles DK. K Ca3.1 Inhibition Decreases Size and Alters Composition of Atherosclerotic Lesions Induced by Low, Oscillatory Flow. Artery Res 2021; 27:93-100. [PMID: 34457083 PMCID: PMC8388312 DOI: 10.2991/artres.k.210202.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low, oscillatory flow/shear patterns are associated with atherosclerotic lesion development. Increased expression of KCa3.1 has been found in Vascular Smooth Muscle (VSM), macrophages and T-cells in lesions from humans and mice. Increased expression of KCa3.1, is also required for VSM cell proliferation and migration. Previously, we showed that the specific KCa3.1 inhibitor, TRAM-34, could inhibit coronary neointimal development following balloon injury in swine. Atherosclerosis develops in regions with a low, oscillatory (i.e. atheroprone) flow pattern. Therefore, we used the Partial Carotid Ligation (PCL) model in high-fat fed, Apoe−/− mice to determine the role of KCa3.1 in atherosclerotic lesion composition and development. PCL was performed on 8–10 week old male Apoe−/− mice and subsequently placed on a Western diet (TD.88137, Teklad) for 4 weeks. Mice received daily s.c. injections of TRAM-34 (120 mg/kg) or equal volumes of vehicle (peanut oil, PO). 1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34) treatment reduced lesion size ~50% (p < 0.05). In addition, lesions from TRAM-34 treated mice contained less collagen (6% ± 1% vs. 15% ± 2%; p < 0.05), fibronectin (14% ± 3% vs. 32% ± 3%; p < 0.05) and smooth muscle content (19% ± 2% vs. 29% ± 3%; p < 0.05). Conversely, TRAM-34 had no effect on total cholesterol (1455 vs. 1334 mg/dl, PO and TRAM, resp.) or body weight (29.1 vs. 28.8 g, PO and TRAM, resp.). Medial smooth muscle of atherosclerotic carotids showed diminished RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST)/Neural Restrictive Silencing Factor (NRSF) expression, while REST overexpression in vitro inhibited smooth muscle migration. Together, these data support a downregulation of REST/NRSF and upregulation of KCa3.1 in determining smooth muscle and matrix content of atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darla L Tharp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, E102 Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Douglas K Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, E102 Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ottolini M, Sonkusare SK. The Calcium Signaling Mechanisms in Arterial Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1831-1869. [PMID: 33792900 PMCID: PMC10388069 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The contractile state of resistance arteries and arterioles is a crucial determinant of blood pressure and blood flow. Physiological regulation of arterial contractility requires constant communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Various Ca2+ signals and Ca2+ -sensitive targets ensure dynamic control of intercellular communications in the vascular wall. The functional effect of a Ca2+ signal on arterial contractility depends on the type of Ca2+ -sensitive target engaged by that signal. Recent studies using advanced imaging methods have identified the spatiotemporal signatures of individual Ca2+ signals that control arterial and arteriolar contractility. Broadly speaking, intracellular Ca2+ is increased by ion channels and transporters on the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticular membrane. Physiological roles for many vascular Ca2+ signals have already been confirmed, while further investigation is needed for other Ca2+ signals. This article focuses on endothelial and smooth muscle Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in resistance arteries and arterioles. We discuss the Ca2+ entry pathways at the plasma membrane, Ca2+ release signals from the intracellular stores, the functional and physiological relevance of Ca2+ signals, and their regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we describe the contribution of abnormal endothelial and smooth muscle Ca2+ signals to the pathogenesis of vascular disorders. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1831-1869, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ottolini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen JT, Lin CH, Huang HW, Wang YP, Kao PC, Yang TP, Wang SK. Novel REST Truncation Mutations Causing Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis. J Dent Res 2021; 100:868-874. [PMID: 33719663 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521996620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic disorder featured by nonsyndromic pathological overgrowth of gingiva. The excessive gingival tissues can cause dental, masticatory, and phonetic problems, which impose severe functional and esthetic burdens on affected individuals. Due to its high recurrent rate, patients with HGF have to undergo repeated surgical procedures of gingival resection, from childhood to adulthood, which significantly compromises their quality of life. Unraveling the genetic etiology and molecular pathogenesis of HGF not only gains insight into gingival physiology and homeostasis but also opens avenues for developing potential therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Recently, mutations in REST (OMIM *600571), encoding a transcription repressor, were reported to cause HGF (GINGF5; OMIM #617626) in 3 Turkish families. However, the functions of REST in gingival homeostasis and pathogenesis of REST-associated HGF remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized 2 HGF families and identified 2 novel REST mutations, c.2449C>T (p.Arg817*) and c.2771_2793dup (p.Glu932Lysfs*3). All 5 mutations reported to date are nonsenses or frameshifts in the last exon of REST and would presumably truncate the protein. In vitro reporter gene assays demonstrated a partial or complete loss of repressor activity for these truncated RESTs. When coexpressed with the full-length protein, the truncated RESTs impaired the repressive ability of wild-type REST, suggesting a dominant negative effect. Immunofluorescent studies showed nuclear localization of overexpressed wild-type and truncated RESTs in vitro, indicating preservation of the nuclear localization signal in shortened proteins. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a comparable pattern of ubiquitous REST expression in both epithelium and lamina propria of normal and HGF gingival tissues despite a reduced reactivity in HGF gingiva. Results of this study confirm the pathogenicity of REST truncation mutations occurring in the last exon causing HGF and suggest the pathosis is caused by an antimorphic (dominant negative) disease mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C H Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - H W Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - P C Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - T P Yang
- Dr. Lawrence Dental Clinic, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - S K Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University School of Dentistry, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buffolo F, Petrosino V, Albini M, Moschetta M, Carlini F, Floss T, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Cesca F, Rocchi A, Uccelli A, Benfenati F. Neuroinflammation induces synaptic scaling through IL-1β-mediated activation of the transcriptional repressor REST/NRSF. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:180. [PMID: 33589593 PMCID: PMC7884694 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with synapse dysfunction and cognitive decline in patients and animal models. One candidate for translating the inflammatory stress into structural and functional changes in neural networks is the transcriptional repressor RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) that regulates the expression of a wide cluster of neuron-specific genes during neurogenesis and in mature neurons. To study the cellular and molecular pathways activated under inflammatory conditions mimicking the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) environment, we analyzed REST activity in neuroblastoma cells and mouse cortical neurons treated with activated T cell or microglia supernatant and distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that REST is activated by a variety of neuroinflammatory stimuli in both neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons, indicating that a vast transcriptional change is triggered during neuroinflammation. While a dual activation of REST and its dominant-negative splicing isoform REST4 was observed in N2a neuroblastoma cells, primary neurons responded with a pure full-length REST upregulation in the absence of changes in REST4 expression. In both cases, REST upregulation was associated with activation of Wnt signaling and increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin, a well-known intracellular transduction pathway in neuroinflammation. Among single cytokines, IL-1β caused a potent and prompt increase in REST transcription and translation in neurons, which promoted a delayed and strong synaptic downscaling specific for excitatory synapses, with decreased frequency and amplitude of spontaneous synaptic currents, decreased density of excitatory synaptic connections, and decreased frequency of action potential-evoked Ca2+ transients. Most important, the IL-1β effects on excitatory transmission were strictly REST dependent, as conditional deletion of REST completely occluded the effects of IL-1β activation on synaptic transmission and network excitability. Our results demonstrate that REST upregulation represents a new pathogenic mechanism for the synaptic dysfunctions observed under neuroinflammatory conditions and identify the REST pathway as therapeutic target for EAE and, potentially, for multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Buffolo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Petrosino
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Albini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Moschetta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Carlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas Floss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Anna Rocchi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Iseki Y, Ono Y, Hibi C, Tanaka S, Takeshita S, Maejima Y, Kurokawa J, Murakawa M, Shimomura K, Sakamoto K. Opening of Intermediate Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells Increases the Myotube Diameter via the Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:454-462. [PMID: 33376149 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of potassium channels and the ensuing hyperpolarization in skeletal myoblasts are essential for myogenic differentiation. However, the effects of K+ channel opening in myoblasts on skeletal muscle mass are unclear. Our previous study revealed that pharmacological activation of intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa channels) increases myotube formation. In this study, we investigated the effects of 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (DCEBIO), a Ca2+-activated K+ channel opener, on the mass of skeletal muscle. Application of DCEBIO to C2C12 cells during myogenesis increased the diameter of C2C12 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. This DCEBIO-induced hypertrophy was abolished by gene silencing of IKCa channels. However, it was resistant to 1 µM but sensitive to 10 µM TRAM-34, a specific IKCa channel blocker. Furthermore, DCEBIO reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential by opening IKCa channels. Therefore, DCEBIO should increase myotube mass by opening of IKCa channels distributed in mitochondria. Pharmacological studies revealed that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are involved in DCEBIO-induced myotube hypertrophy. An additional study demonstrated that DCEBIO-induced muscle hypertrophic effects are only observed when applied in the early stage of myogenic differentiation. In an in vitro myotube inflammatory atrophy experiment, DCEBIO attenuated the reduction of myotube diameter induced by endotoxin. Thus, we concluded that DCEBIO increases muscle mass by activating the IKCa channel/mitoROS/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our study suggests the potential of DCEBIO in the treatment of muscle wasting diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our study shows that 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (DCEBIO), a small molecule opener of Ca2+-activated K+ channel, increased muscle diameter via the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. And DCEBIO overwhelms C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by endotoxin challenge. Our report should inform novel role of K+ channel in muscle development and novel usage of K+ channel opener such as for the treatment of muscle wasting diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Iseki
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Yuko Ono
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Chihiro Hibi
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Shoko Tanaka
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Shunya Takeshita
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Junko Kurokawa
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Masahiro Murakawa
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- Departments of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine (Y.I., Y.O., S.T., Y.M., K.Sh., K.Sa.) and Anesthesiology (Y.I., M.M.), Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan (Y.O.); and Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan (C.H., S.T., J.K., K.Sa.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Catacuzzeno L, Sforna L, Esposito V, Limatola C, Franciolini F. Ion Channels in Glioma Malignancy. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:223-267. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Ye M, Guo X, Wang H, Wang Y, Qian X, Deng H, Wang W, Yang S, Ni Q, Chen J, Lv L, Zhao Y, Xue G, Li Y, Zhang L. Mutual regulation between β-TRCP mediated REST protein degradation and Kv1.3 expression controls vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch. Atherosclerosis 2020; 313:102-110. [PMID: 33038663 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis after artery intervention. Transcription repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) has been identified as key regulator of VSMC proliferation. In the present study, we sought to investigate the potential association of E3-ubiquitin ligase β-TRCP mediated REST protein degradation with Kv1.3 expression during VSMC phenotypic switch. METHODS Protein and mRNA expression was measured in ex vivo and in vitro models. Protein interaction and ubiquitination were analyzed by immunoprecipitation assays. ChIP assays were performed to assess the relationship between REST and targeted DNA binding site. RESULTS We found that the expression level of E3-ubiquitin ligase β-TRCP is significantly increased during VSMC phenotypic switch. REST protein ubiquitination mediated by β-TRCP is critical for VSMC proliferation and migration. We also found that the gene KCNA3 encoding potassium channel protein Kv1.3 contains a functional REST binding site and is repressed by REST. Downregulation of REST by β-TRCP and consequently upregulation of Kv1.3 are important events during VSMC phenotypic switch. Furthermore, upregulated Kv1.3 accelerates β-TRCP modulated REST degradation through Erk1/2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a fundamental role for regulatory interactions between β-TRCP modulated REST degradation and Kv1.3 in the control of the multilayered regulatory programs required for VSMC phenotype switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjiang Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuofei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihong Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaquan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanhua Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
K + and Ca 2+ Channels Regulate Ca 2+ Signaling in Chondrocytes: An Illustrated Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071577. [PMID: 32610485 PMCID: PMC7408816 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of fundamental physiological principles and progressive pathophysiological processes in human articular joints (e.g., shoulders, knees, elbows) requires detailed investigations of two principal cell types: synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Our studies, done in the past 8–10 years, have used electrophysiological, Ca2+ imaging, single molecule monitoring, immunocytochemical, and molecular methods to investigate regulation of the resting membrane potential (ER) and intracellular Ca2+ levels in human chondrocytes maintained in 2-D culture. Insights from these published papers are as follows: (1) Chondrocyte preparations express a number of different ion channels that can regulate their ER. (2) Understanding the basis for ER requires knowledge of (a) the presence or absence of ligand (ATP/histamine) stimulation and (b) the extraordinary ionic composition and ionic strength of synovial fluid. (3) In our chondrocyte preparations, at least two types of Ca2+-activated K+ channels are expressed and can significantly hyperpolarize ER. (4) Accounting for changes in ER can provide insights into the functional roles of the ligand-dependent Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels. Some of the findings are illustrated in this review. Our summary diagram suggests that, in chondrocytes, the K+ and Ca2+ channels are linked in a positive feedback loop that can augment Ca2+ influx and therefore regulate lubricant and cytokine secretion and gene transcription.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kito H, Morihiro H, Sakakibara Y, Endo K, Kajikuri J, Suzuki T, Ohya S. Downregulation of the Ca 2+-activated K + channel K Ca3.1 in mouse preosteoblast cells treated with vitamin D receptor agonist. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C345-C358. [PMID: 32520608 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00587.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The maturity of osteoblasts by proliferation and differentiation in preosteoblasts is essential for maintaining bone homeostasis. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on bone homeostasis in mammals have been demonstrated experimentally and clinically. However, the direct actions of vitamin D on preosteoblasts remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that the functional activity of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa3.1) positively regulated cell proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cells derived from mouse preosteoblasts by enhancing intracellular Ca2+ signaling. We examined the effects of treatment with vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist on the expression and activity of KCa3.1 by real-time PCR examination, Western blotting, Ca2+ imaging, and patch clamp analyses in mouse MC3T3-E1 cells. Following the downregulation of KCa3.1 transcriptional modulators such as Fra-1 and HDAC2, KCa3.1 activity was suppressed in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with VDR agonists. Furthermore, application of the KCa3.1 activator DCEBIO attenuated the VDR agonist-evoked suppression of cell proliferation rate. These findings suggest that a decrease in KCa3.1 activity is involved in the suppression of cell proliferation rate in VDR agonist-treated preosteoblasts. Therefore, KCa3.1 plays an important role in bone formation by promoting osteoblastic proliferation under physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruka Morihiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Sakakibara
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Endo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Kajikuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Complex Molecular Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manfroni G, Ragonese F, Monarca L, Astolfi A, Mancinelli L, Iannitti RG, Bastioli F, Barreca ML, Cecchetti V, Fioretti B. New Insights on KCa3.1 Channel Modulation. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2096-2101. [PMID: 32175839 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316152645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, KCa3.1, is involved in several pathophysiological conditions playing a critical role in cell secretory machinery and calcium signalling. The recent cryo-EM analysis provides new insights for understanding the modulation by both endogenous and pharmacological agents. A typical feature of this channel is the low open probability in saturating calcium concentrations and its modulation by potassium channel openers (KCOs), such as benzo imidazolone 1-EBIO, without changing calcium-dependent activation. In this paper, we proposed a model of KCOs action in the modulation of channel activity. The KCa3.1 channel has a very rich pharmacological profile with several classes of molecules that selectively interact with different binding sites of the channel. Among them, benzo imidazolones can be openers (positive modulators such as 1-EBIO, DC-EBIO) or blockers (negative modulators such as NS1619). Through computation modelling techniques, we identified the 1,4-benzothiazin-3-one as a promising scaffold to develop new KCa3.1 channel modulators. Further studies are needed to explore the potential use of 1-4 benzothiazine- 3-one in KCa3.1 modulation and its pharmacological application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123-Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Francesco Ragonese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monarca
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123-Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Loretta Mancinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria L Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123-Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1-06123-Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nishida M, Tanaka T, Mangmool S, Nishiyama K, Nishimura A. Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:124-139. [PMID: 32821726 PMCID: PMC7379077 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the stability and tonic regulation of vascular homeostasis. VSMCs can switch back and forth between highly proliferative (synthetic) and fully differentiated (contractile) phenotypes in response to changes in the vessel environment. Abnormal phenotypic switching of VSMCs is a distinctive characteristic of vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, and peripheral artery disease; however, how the control of VSMC phenotypic switching is dysregulated under pathological conditions remains obscure. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels have attracted attention as a key regulator of pathological phenotype switching in VSMCs. Several TRPC subfamily member proteins—especially TRPC1 and TRPC6—are upregulated in pathological VSMCs, and pharmacological inhibition of TRPC channel activity has been reported to improve hypertensive vascular remodeling in rodents. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of TRPC channels in cardiovascular plasticity, including our recent finding that TRPC6 participates in aberrant VSMC phenotype switching under ischemic conditions, and discusses the therapeutic potential of TRPC channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nishida
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), NINS, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Center for Novel Science Initiatives (CNSI), NINS, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carminati E, Buffolo F, Rocchi A, Michetti C, Cesca F, Benfenati F. Mild Inactivation of RE-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) Reduces Susceptibility to Kainic Acid-Induced Seizures. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:580. [PMID: 31998079 PMCID: PMC6965066 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RE-1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST) controls several steps in neural development by modulating the expression of a wide range of neural genes. Alterations in REST expression have been associated with the onset of epilepsy; however, whether such alterations are deleterious or represent a protective homeostatic response remains elusive. To study the impact of REST modulation on seizure propensity, we developed a tool for its negative modulation in vivo. The tool is composed of the paired-amphipathic helix 1 (PAH1) domain, a competitive inhibitor of REST activation by mSin3, fused to the light-oxygen-voltage sensing 2 (LOV2) domain of Avena sativa phototropin 1, a molecular switch to alternatively hide or expose the PAH1 inhibitor. We employed the C450A and I539E light-independent AsLOV2 variants to mimic the closed (inactive) and open (active) states of LOV2-PAH1, respectively. Recombinant AAV1/2 viral particles (rAAVs) allowed LOV2-PAH1 expression in HEK293T cells and primary neurons, and efficiently transduced hippocampal neurons in vivo. mRNA expression analysis revealed an increased expression of several neuronal genes in the hippocampi of mice expressing the open probe. AAV-transduced mice received a single dose of kainic acid (KA), a treatment known to induce a transient increase of REST levels in the hippocampus. Remarkably, mice expressing the active variant displayed a reduced number of KA-induced seizures, which were less severe compared to mice carrying the inactive probe. These data support the validity of our tool to modulate REST activity in vivo and the potential impact of REST modulation on epileptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Carminati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Buffolo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Rocchi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Michetti
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Radiation Increases Functional KCa3.1 Expression and Invasiveness in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030279. [PMID: 30813636 PMCID: PMC6468446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain tumor, with fast recurrence even after surgical intervention, radio- and chemotherapies. One of the reasons for relapse is the early invasion of surrounding brain parenchyma by GBM, rendering tumor eradication difficult. Recent studies demonstrate that, in addition to eliminate possible residual tumoral cells after surgery, radiation stimulates the infiltrative behavior of GBM cells. The intermediate conductance of Ca2+-activated potassium channels (KCa3.1) play an important role in regulating the migration of GBM. Here, we show that high dose radiation of patient-derived GBM cells increases their invasion, and induces the transcription of key genes related to these functions, including the IL-4/IL-4R pair. In addition, we demonstrate that radiation increases the expression of KCa3.1 channels, and that their pharmacological inhibition counteracts the pro-invasive phenotype induced by radiation in tumor cells. Our data describe a possible approach to treat tumor resistance that follows radiation therapy in GBM patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cancer-Associated Intermediate Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K⁺ Channel K Ca3.1. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010109. [PMID: 30658505 PMCID: PMC6357066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several tumor entities have been reported to overexpress KCa3.1 potassium channels due to epigenetic, transcriptional, or post-translational modifications. By modulating membrane potential, cell volume, or Ca2+ signaling, KCa3.1 has been proposed to exert pivotal oncogenic functions in tumorigenesis, malignant progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Moreover, KCa3.1 is expressed by tumor-promoting stroma cells such as fibroblasts and the tumor vasculature suggesting a role of KCa3.1 in the adaptation of the tumor microenvironment. Combined, this features KCa3.1 as a candidate target for innovative anti-cancer therapy. However, immune cells also express KCa3.1 thereby contributing to T cell activation. Thus, any strategy targeting KCa3.1 in anti-cancer therapy may also modulate anti-tumor immune activity and/or immunosuppression. The present review article highlights the potential of KCa3.1 as an anti-tumor target providing an overview of the current knowledge on its function in tumor pathogenesis with emphasis on vasculo- and angiogenesis as well as anti-cancer immune responses.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tai YS, Yang SC, Hsieh YC, Huang YB, Wu PC, Tsai MJ, Tsai YH, Lin MW. A Novel Model for Studying Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Gene Expression during Reversible Ischemic Stroke. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:60-67. [PMID: 30662329 PMCID: PMC6332493 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of voltage-gated ion channels contributes to the pathology of ischemic stroke. In this study, we developed rat models of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and reversible ischemic neurological deficit (RIND) that was induced via the injection of artificial embolic particles during full consciousness, that allow us to monitor the neurologic deficit and positron emission tomography (PET) scans in real-time. We then evaluated the infarction volume of brain tissue was confirmed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and gene expressions were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We found that rats with TIA or RIND exhibited neurological deficits as determined by negative TTC and PET findings. However, the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels in the hippocampus was significantly up-regulated in the qPCR array study. Furthermore, an altered expression of sodium channel β-subunits and potassium channels, were observed in RIND compared to TIA groups. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful evaluation of voltage-gated ion channel gene expression in TIA and RIND animal models. This model will aid future studies in investigating pathophysiological mechanisms, and in developing new therapeutic compounds for the treatment of TIA and RIND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shen Tai
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yaw-Bin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, China Medical University, An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/ E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ohya S, Kito H. Ca 2+-Activated K + Channel K Ca3.1 as a Therapeutic Target for Immune Disorders. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1158-1163. [PMID: 30068864 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In lymphoid and myeloid cells, membrane hyperpolarization by the opening of K+ channels increases the activity of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels and transient receptor potential (TRP) Ca2+ channels. The intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cytokine production in innate and adaptive immune systems. KCa3.1 is therefore an attractive therapeutic target for allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. In the past several years, studies have provided new insights into 1) KCa3.1 pharmacology and its auxiliary regulators; 2) post-transcriptional and proteasomal regulation of KCa3.1; 3) KCa3.1 as a regulator of immune cell migration, cytokine production, and phenotypic polarization; 4) the role of KCa3.1 in the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3; and 5) KCa3.1 as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we have assembled a comprehensive overview of current research on the physiological and pathophysiological significance of KCa3.1 in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Matsui M, Terasawa K, Kajikuri J, Kito H, Endo K, Jaikhan P, Suzuki T, Ohya S. Histone Deacetylases Enhance Ca 2+-Activated K⁺ Channel K Ca3.1 Expression in Murine Inflammatory CD4⁺ T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102942. [PMID: 30262728 PMCID: PMC6213394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The up-regulated expression of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 in inflammatory CD4+ T cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through the enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ). However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The objective of the present study is to clarify the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the up-regulation of KCa3.1 in the CD4+ T cells of IBD model mice. The expression levels of KCa3.1 and its regulators, such as function-modifying molecules and transcription factors, were quantitated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, Western blotting, and depolarization responses, which were induced by the selective KCa3.1 blocker TRAM-34 (1 μM) and were measured using a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye imaging system. The treatment with 1 μM vorinostat, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, for 24 h repressed the transcriptional expression of KCa3.1 in the splenic CD4+ T cells of IBD model mice. Accordingly, TRAM-34-induced depolarization responses were significantly reduced. HDAC2 and HDAC3 were significantly up-regulated in the CD4+ T cells of IBD model mice. The down-regulated expression of KCa3.1 was observed following treatments with the selective inhibitors of HDAC2 and HDAC3. The KCa3.1 K+ channel regulates inflammatory cytokine production in CD4+ T cells, mediating epigenetic modifications by HDAC2 and HDAC3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Matsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Terasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Junko Kajikuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Endo
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Pattaporn Jaikhan
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 403-8334, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 403-8334, Japan.
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sforna L, Megaro A, Pessia M, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Structure, Gating and Basic Functions of the Ca2+-activated K Channel of Intermediate Conductance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:608-617. [PMID: 28875832 PMCID: PMC5997868 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170830122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The KCa3.1 channel is the intermediate-conductance member of the Ca2+- activated K channel superfamily. It is widely expressed in excitable and non-excitable cells, where it plays a major role in a number of cell functions. This paper aims at illustrating the main structural, biophysical and modulatory properties of the KCa3.1 channel, and providing an account of experimental data on its role in volume regulation and Ca2+ signals. METHODS Research and online content related to the structure, structure/function relationship, and physiological role of the KCa3.1 channel are reviewed. RESULTS Expressed in excitable and non-excitable cells, the KCa3.1 channel is voltage independent, its opening being exclusively gated by the binding of intracellular Ca2+ to calmodulin, a Ca2+- binding protein constitutively associated with the C-terminus of each KCa3.1 channel α subunit. The KCa3.1 channel activates upon high affinity Ca2+ binding, and in highly coordinated fashion giving steep Hill functions and relatively low EC50 values (100-350 nM). This high Ca2+ sensitivity is physiologically modulated by closely associated kinases and phosphatases. The KCa3.1 channel is normally activated by global Ca2+ signals as resulting from Ca2+ released from intracellular stores, or by the refilling influx through store operated Ca2+ channels, but cases of strict functional coupling with Ca2+-selective channels are also found. KCa3.1 channels are highly expressed in many types of cells, where they play major roles in cell migration and death. The control of these complex cellular processes is achieved by KCa3.1 channel regulation of the driving force for Ca2+ entry from the extracellular medium, and by mediating the K+ efflux required for cell volume control. CONCLUSION Much work remains to be done to fully understand the structure/function relationship of the KCa3.1 channels. Hopefully, this effort will provide the basis for a beneficial modulation of channel activity under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Franciolini
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 8-06123, Perugia; Tel: 39.075.585.5751; E-mails: and
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 8-06123, Perugia; Tel: 39.075.585.5751; E-mails: and
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mozzi A, Guerini FR, Forni D, Costa AS, Nemni R, Baglio F, Cabinio M, Riva S, Pontremoli C, Clerici M, Sironi M, Cagliani R. REST, a master regulator of neurogenesis, evolved under strong positive selection in humans and in non human primates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9530. [PMID: 28842657 PMCID: PMC5573535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor REST regulates many neuronal genes by binding RE1 motifs. About one third of human RE1s are recently evolved and specific to primates. As changes in the activity of a transcription factor reverberate on its downstream targets, we assessed whether REST displays fast evolutionary rates in primates. We show that REST was targeted by very strong positive selection during primate evolution. Positive selection was also evident in the human lineage, with six selected sites located in a region that surrounds a VNTR in exon 4. Analysis of expression data indicated that REST brain expression peaks during aging in humans but not in other primates. Because a REST coding variant (rs3796529) was previously associated with protection from hippocampal atrophy in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we analyzed a cohort of Alzheimer disease (AD) continuum patients. Genotyping of two coding variants (rs3796529 and rs2227902) located in the region surrounding the VNTR indicated a role for rs2227902 in modulation of hippocampal volume loss, indirectly confirming a role for REST in neuroprotection. Experimental studies will be instrumental to determine the functional effect of positively selected sites in REST and the role of REST variants in neuropreservation/neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | | | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Monia Cabinio
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Riva
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, 20148, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu Z, Wang Y, Qin L, Chen H. Functional Cooperation between KCa3.1 and TRPV4 Channels in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Associated with Chronic Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:559. [PMID: 28970794 PMCID: PMC5609593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation contributes to the airways remodeling and irreversible airway obstruction during severe asthma, but the mechanisms of airway SMC proliferation are poorly understood. Intracellular Ca2+ levels play an important role in regulating cell proliferation. We have previously reported KCa3.1 channels regulated human bronchial smooth muscle (HBSM) cells proliferation via the Ca2+ influx as a consequence of membrane hyperpolarization. However, the role of potassium channels KCa3.1 in airway remodeling as well as the mechanism for extracellular Ca2+ influx induced by the activation of KCa3.1 remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that KCa3.1 channels deficiency attenuated airway remodeling, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a mouse model of chronic asthma. The gene expressions of repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and c-Jun, two transcriptional regulators of KCa3.1 channels, were correlated negatively or positively with KCa3.1 channels expressions both in vivo and in vitro using real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. RNAi-mediated knockdown or pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 and TRPV4 significantly attenuated HBSM cells proliferation. Using confocal imaging and custom data analysis software, blockade of TRPV4 decreased the Ca2+ influx induced by 1-EBIO-mediated KCa3.1 activation. Double-labeled staining showed that KCa3.1 and TRPV4 channels colocalized in HBSM cells. These results demonstrate that KCa3.1 channels regulate the proliferation phenotype of HBSM cells via TRPV4 channels in the process of chronic asthma, making it a potential therapeutic target to treat chronic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Associating transcription factors and conserved RNA structures with gene regulation in the human brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5776. [PMID: 28720872 PMCID: PMC5516038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomical subdivisions of the human brain can be associated with different neuronal functions. This functional diversification is reflected by differences in gene expression. By analyzing post-mortem gene expression data from the Allen Brain Atlas, we investigated the impact of transcription factors (TF) and RNA secondary structures on the regulation of gene expression in the human brain. First, we modeled the expression of a gene as a linear combination of the expression of TFs. We devised an approach to select robust TF-gene interactions and to determine localized contributions to gene expression of TFs. Among the TFs with the most localized contributions, we identified EZH2 in the cerebellum, NR3C1 in the cerebral cortex and SRF in the basal forebrain. Our results suggest that EZH2 is involved in regulating ZIC2 and SHANK1 which have been linked to neurological diseases such as autism spectrum disorder. Second, we associated enriched regulatory elements inside differentially expressed mRNAs with RNA secondary structure motifs. We found a group of purine-uracil repeat RNA secondary structure motifs plus other motifs in neuron related genes such as ACSL4 and ERLIN2.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu L, Zhan P, Nie D, Fan L, Lin H, Gao L, Mao X. Intermediate-Conductance-Ca2-Activated K Channel IKCa1 Is Upregulated and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Cervical Cancer. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:45-57. [PMID: 28280257 PMCID: PMC5358865 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.901462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data point to intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (IKCa1) as a key player in controlling cell cycle progression and proliferation of human cancer cells. However, the role that IKCa1 plays in the growth of human cervical cancer cells is largely unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-PCR were first used for IKCa1protein and gene expression assays in cervical cancer tissues and HeLa cells. Then, IKCa1 channel blocker and siRNA were employed to inhibit the functionality of IKCa1 and downregulate gene expression in HeLa cells, respectively. After these treatments, we examined the level of cell proliferation by MTT method and measured IKCa1 currents by conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique. Cell apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide (PI) double-staining apoptosis detection kit. RESULTS We demonstrated that IKCa1 mRNA and protein are preferentially expressed in cervical cancer tissues and HeLa cells. We also showed that the IKCa1 channel blocker, clotrimazole, and IKCa1 channel siRNA can be used to suppress cervical cancer cell proliferation and decrease IKCa1 channel current. IKCa1 downregulation by specific siRNAs induced a significant increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells in HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS IKCa1 is overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues, and IKCa1 upregulation in cervical cancer cell linea enhances cell proliferation, partly by reducing the proportion of apoptotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiguang Mao
- Corresponding Authors: Xiguang Mao, e-mail: ; Lanyang Gao, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martin D, Grapin-Botton A. The Importance of REST for Development and Function of Beta Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:12. [PMID: 28286748 PMCID: PMC5323410 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta cells are defined by the genes they express, many of which are specific to this cell type, and ensure a specific set of functions. Beta cells are also defined by a set of genes they should not express (in order to function properly), and these genes have been called forbidden genes. Among these, the transcriptional repressor RE-1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST) is expressed in most cells of the body, excluding most populations of neurons, as well as pancreatic beta and alpha cells. In the cell types where it is expressed, REST represses the expression of hundreds of genes that are crucial for both neuronal and pancreatic endocrine function, through the recruitment of multiple transcriptional and epigenetic co-regulators. REST targets include genes encoding transcription factors, proteins involved in exocytosis, synaptic transmission or ion channeling, and non-coding RNAs. REST is expressed in the progenitors of both neurons and beta cells during development, but it is down-regulated as the cells differentiate. Although REST mutations and deregulation have yet to be connected to diabetes in humans, REST activation during both development and in adult beta cells leads to diabetes in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- Service of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cavadas MAS, Cheong A, Taylor CT. The regulation of transcriptional repression in hypoxia. Exp Cell Res 2017; 356:173-181. [PMID: 28219680 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A sufficient supply molecular oxygen is essential for the maintenance of physiologic metabolism and bioenergetic homeostasis for most metazoans. For this reason, mechanisms have evolved for eukaryotic cells to adapt to conditions where oxygen demand exceeds supply (hypoxia). These mechanisms rely on the modification of pre-existing proteins, translational arrest and transcriptional changes. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF; a master regulator of gene induction in response to hypoxia) is responsible for the majority of induced gene expression in hypoxia. However, much less is known about the mechanism(s) responsible for gene repression, an essential part of the adaptive transcriptional response. Hypoxia-induced gene repression leads to a reduction in energy demanding processes and the redirection of limited energetic resources to essential housekeeping functions. Recent developments have underscored the importance of transcriptional repressors in cellular adaptation to hypoxia. To date, at least ten distinct transcriptional repressors have been reported to demonstrate sensitivity to hypoxia. Central among these is the Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST), which regulates over 200 genes. In this review, written to honor the memory and outstanding scientific legacy of Lorenz Poellinger, we provide an overview of our existing knowledge with respect to transcriptional repressors and their target genes in hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A S Cavadas
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alex Cheong
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cheema AN, Rosenthal SL, Ilyas Kamboh M. Proficiency of data interpretation: identification of signaling SNPs/specific loci for coronary artery disease. Database (Oxford) 2017; 2017:4583484. [PMID: 29220472 PMCID: PMC5737196 DOI: 10.1093/database/bax078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Database URLs http://www.regulomedb.org/;https://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/snap/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma N Cheema
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan and
| | | | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Biasiotta A, D'Arcangelo D, Passarelli F, Nicodemi EM, Facchiano A. Ion channels expression and function are strongly modified in solid tumors and vascular malformations. J Transl Med 2016; 14:285. [PMID: 27716384 PMCID: PMC5050926 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several cellular functions relate to ion-channels activity. Physiologically relevant chains of events leading to angiogenesis, cell cycle and different forms of cell death, require transmembrane voltage control. We hypothesized that the unordered angiogenesis occurring in solid cancers and vascular malformations might associate, at least in part, to ion-transport alteration. Methods The expression level of several ion-channels was analyzed in human solid tumor biopsies. Expression of 90 genes coding for ion-channels related proteins was investigated within the Oncomine database, in 25 independent patients-datasets referring to five histologically-different solid tumors (namely, bladder cancer, glioblastoma, melanoma, breast invasive-ductal cancer, lung carcinoma), in a total of 3673 patients (674 control-samples and 2999 cancer-samples). Furthermore, the ion-channel activity was directly assessed by measuring in vivo the electrical sympathetic skin responses (SSR) on the skin of 14 patients affected by the flat port-wine stains vascular malformation, i.e., a non-tumor vascular malformation clinical model. Results Several ion-channels showed significantly increased expression in tumors (p < 0.0005); nine genes (namely, CACNA1D, FXYD3, FXYD5, HTR3A, KCNE3, KCNE4, KCNN4, CLIC1, TRPM3) showed such significant modification in at least half of datasets investigated for each cancer type. Moreover, in vivo analyses in flat port-wine stains patients showed a significantly reduced SSR in the affected skin as compared to the contralateral healthy skin (p < 0.05), in both latency and amplitude measurements. Conclusions All together these data identify ion-channel genes showing significantly modified expression in different tumors and cancer-vessels, and indicate a relevant electrophysiological alteration in human vascular malformations. Such data suggest a possible role and a potential diagnostic application of the ion–electron transport in vascular disorders underlying tumor neo-angiogenesis and vascular malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Passarelli
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Maria Nicodemi
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peruzzo R, Biasutto L, Szabò I, Leanza L. Impact of intracellular ion channels on cancer development and progression. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2016; 45:685-707. [PMID: 27289382 PMCID: PMC5045486 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research is nowadays focused on the identification of possible new targets in order to try to develop new drugs for curing untreatable tumors. Ion channels have emerged as "oncogenic" proteins, since they have an aberrant expression in cancers compared to normal tissues and contribute to several hallmarks of cancer, such as metabolic re-programming, limitless proliferative potential, apoptosis-resistance, stimulation of neo-angiogenesis as well as cell migration and invasiveness. In recent years, not only the plasma membrane but also intracellular channels and transporters have arisen as oncological targets and were proposed to be associated with tumorigenesis. Therefore, the research is currently focusing on understanding the possible role of intracellular ion channels in cancer development and progression on one hand and, on the other, on developing new possible drugs able to modulate the expression and/or activity of these channels. In a few cases, the efficacy of channel-targeting drugs in reducing tumors has already been demonstrated in vivo in preclinical mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Potassium Channels in Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Growth. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:89-144. [PMID: 28212804 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium channels importantly contribute to the regulation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction and growth. They are the dominant ion conductance of the VSM cell membrane and importantly determine and regulate membrane potential. Membrane potential, in turn, regulates the open-state probability of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC), Ca2+ influx through VGCC, intracellular Ca2+, and VSM contraction. Membrane potential also affects release of Ca2+ from internal stores and the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile machinery such that K+ channels participate in all aspects of regulation of VSM contraction. Potassium channels also regulate proliferation of VSM cells through membrane potential-dependent and membrane potential-independent mechanisms. VSM cells express multiple isoforms of at least five classes of K+ channels that contribute to the regulation of contraction and cell proliferation (growth). This review will examine the structure, expression, and function of large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channels, multiple isoforms of voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, and inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels in both contractile and proliferating VSM cells.
Collapse
|
36
|
Cavadas MAS, Mesnieres M, Crifo B, Manresa MC, Selfridge AC, Keogh CE, Fabian Z, Scholz CC, Nolan KA, Rocha LMA, Tambuwala MM, Brown S, Wdowicz A, Corbett D, Murphy KJ, Godson C, Cummins EP, Taylor CT, Cheong A. REST is a hypoxia-responsive transcriptional repressor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31355. [PMID: 27531581 PMCID: PMC4987654 DOI: 10.1038/srep31355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular exposure to hypoxia results in altered gene expression in a range of physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Discrete cohorts of genes can be either up- or down-regulated in response to hypoxia. While the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) is the primary driver of hypoxia-induced adaptive gene expression, less is known about the signalling mechanisms regulating hypoxia-dependent gene repression. Using RNA-seq, we demonstrate that equivalent numbers of genes are induced and repressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. We demonstrate that nuclear localization of the Repressor Element 1-Silencing Transcription factor (REST) is induced in hypoxia and that REST is responsible for regulating approximately 20% of the hypoxia-repressed genes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays we demonstrate that REST-dependent gene repression is at least in part mediated by direct binding to the promoters of target genes. Based on these data, we propose that REST is a key mediator of gene repression in hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A S Cavadas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marion Mesnieres
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bianca Crifo
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mario C Manresa
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrew C Selfridge
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ciara E Keogh
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zsolt Fabian
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Institute of Physiology and Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Nolan
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Liliane M A Rocha
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stuart Brown
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anita Wdowicz
- Neurotherapeutics Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Danielle Corbett
- Neurotherapeutics Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Keith J Murphy
- Neurotherapeutics Research Group, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alex Cheong
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Grimaldi A, D'Alessandro G, Golia MT, Grössinger EM, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D, Santoro A, Esposito V, Wulff H, Catalano M, Limatola C. KCa3.1 inhibition switches the phenotype of glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2174. [PMID: 27054329 PMCID: PMC4855657 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the strategies adopted by glioma to successfully invade the brain parenchyma is turning the infiltrating microglia/macrophages (M/MΦ) into allies, by shifting them toward an anti-inflammatory, pro-tumor phenotype. Both glioma and infiltrating M/MΦ cells express the Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa3.1), and the inhibition of KCa3.1 activity on glioma cells reduces tumor infiltration in the healthy brain parenchyma. We wondered whether KCa3.1 inhibition could prevent the acquisition of a pro-tumor phenotype by M/MΦ cells, thus contributing to reduce glioma development. With this aim, we studied microglia cultured in glioma-conditioned medium or treated with IL-4, as well as M/MΦ cells acutely isolated from glioma-bearing mice and from human glioma biopsies. Under these different conditions, M/MΦ were always polarized toward an anti-inflammatory state, and preventing KCa3.1 activation by 1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34), we observed a switch toward a pro-inflammatory, antitumor phenotype. We identified FAK and PI3K/AKT as the molecular mechanisms involved in this phenotype switch, activated in sequence after KCa3.1. Anti-inflammatory M/MΦ have higher expression levels of KCa3.1 mRNA (kcnn4) that are reduced by KCa3.1 inhibition. In line with these findings, TRAM-34 treatment, in vivo, significantly reduced the size of tumors in glioma-bearing mice. Our data indicate that KCa3.1 channels are involved in the inhibitory effects exerted by the glioma microenvironment on infiltrating M/MΦ, suggesting a possible role as therapeutic targets in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Grimaldi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - G D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - M T Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - E M Grössinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF3502, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.,Center for Life Nanoscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - D Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - A Santoro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - V Esposito
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - H Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF3502, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - C Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy.,Pasteur Institute-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ohya S, Kanatsuka S, Hatano N, Kito H, Matsui A, Fujimoto M, Matsuba S, Niwa S, Zhan P, Suzuki T, Muraki K. Downregulation of the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel KC a3.1 by histone deacetylase inhibition in human breast cancer cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00228. [PMID: 27069638 PMCID: PMC4804315 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel KCa3.1 is involved in the promotion of tumor growth and metastasis, and is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have considerable potential for cancer therapy, however, the effects of HDACis on ion channel expression have not yet been investigated in detail. The results of this study showed a significant decrease in KCa3.1 transcription by HDAC inhibition in the human breast cancer cell line YMB‐1, which functionally expresses KCa3.1. A treatment with the clinically available, class I, II, and IV HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat significantly downregulated KCa3.1 transcription in a concentration‐dependent manner, and the plasmalemmal expression of the KCa3.1 protein and its functional activity were correspondingly decreased. Pharmacological and siRNA‐based HDAC inhibition both revealed the involvement of HDAC2 and HDAC3 in KCa3.1 transcription through the same mechanism. The downregulation of KCa3.1 in YMB‐1 was not due to the upregulation of the repressor element‐1 silencing transcription factor, REST and the insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5, IGFBP5. The significant decrease in KCa3.1 transcription by HDAC inhibition was also observed in the KCa3.1‐expressing human prostate cancer cell line, PC‐3. These results suggest that vorinostat and the selective HDACis for HDAC2 and/or HDAC3 are effective drug candidates for KCa3.1‐overexpressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Saki Kanatsuka
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatano
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Aichi-Gakuin University Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Azusa Matsui
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Mayu Fujimoto
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Sayo Matsuba
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Satomi Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Peng Zhan
- Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto 606-0823 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto 606-0823 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Aichi-Gakuin University Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Potassium ion (K(+)) channels play an important role in the modulation of calcium ion (Ca(2+)) signaling via control of the membrane potential. In T-lymphocytes, the voltage-gated K(+) channel, KV1.3, and the intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel, KCa3.1, predominantly contribute to K(+) conductance, and are responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and infiltration. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, afflicts more than 0.1% of the population worldwide. In the chemically-induced IBD model mouse, an increase in KCa3.1 activity was observed in mesenteric lymph node CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, concomitant with an upregulation of KCa3.1 and a positive KCa3.1 regulator, NDPK-B. Pharmacological blockade of the KCa3.1 K(+) channel by TRAM-34 and/or ICA17043 elicited 1) a significant decrease in IBD severity, as assessed by diarrhea, visible fecal blood, inflammation and crypt damage of the colon; and 2) restoration of the expression levels of KCa3.1 and Th1 cytokines in CD4(+) T-lymphocytes in the IBD model. Recent studies have indicated the impact of K2P5.1 upregulation in T lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. The K2P5.1 K(+) channel is therefore highlighted as a potent therapeutic target in managing the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Alternatively, pre-mRNA splicing of ion channels is associated with the development and progression of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Therefore, mRNA-splicing mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of K2P5.1 K(+) channels may be a new strategic therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li L, Xu L, Wang X, Pan G, Lu L. De novo characterization of the alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) transcriptome illuminates gene expression under potassium deprivation. J Genet 2016; 94:95-104. [PMID: 25846881 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the three macronutrients, potassium participates in many physiological processes in plant life cycle. Recently, potassium-dependent transcriptome analysis has been reported in Arabidopsis, rice and soybean. Alligator weed is well known, particularly for its strong ability to accumulate potassium. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies potassium starvation responses has not yet been described. In this study, we used Illumina (Solexa) sequencing technology to analyse the root transcriptome information of alligator weed under low potassium stress. Further analysis suggested that 9253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, and 2138 DEGs were downregulated after seven days of potassium deficiency. These factors included 121 transcription factors, 108 kinases, 136 transporters and 178 genes that were related to stress. Twelve transcription factors were randomly selected for further analysis. The expression level of each transcription factor was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, and the results of this secondary analysis were consistent with the results of Solexa sequencing. Enrichment analysis indicated that 10,993 DEGs were assigned to 54 gene ontology terms and 123 KEGG pathways. Approximately 24% of DEGs belong to the metabolic, ribosome and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite KEGG pathways. Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of the gene regulatory network of alligator weed under low potassium stress, and afford a valuable resource for genetic and genomic research on plant potassium deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ohya S, Kito H, Hatano N, Muraki K. Recent advances in therapeutic strategies that focus on the regulation of ion channel expression. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 160:11-43. [PMID: 26896566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of different ion channel types are involved in cell signaling networks, and homeostatic regulatory mechanisms contribute to the control of ion channel expression. Profiling of global gene expression using microarray technology has recently provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the homeostatic and pathological control of ion channel expression. It has demonstrated that the dysregulation of ion channel expression is associated with the pathogenesis of neural, cardiovascular, and immune diseases as well as cancers. In addition to the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation of ion channels, potentially important evidence on the mechanisms controlling ion channel expression has recently been accumulated. The regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing is therefore a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of dominant-negative splicing disorders. Epigenetic modification plays a key role in various pathological conditions through the regulation of pluripotency genes. Inhibitors of pre-mRNA splicing and histone deacetyalase/methyltransferase have potential as potent therapeutic drugs for cancers and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, membrane-anchoring proteins, lysosomal and proteasomal degradation-related molecules, auxiliary subunits, and pharmacological agents alter the protein folding, membrane trafficking, and post-translational modifications of ion channels, and are linked to expression-defect channelopathies. In this review, we focused on recent insights into the transcriptional, spliceosomal, epigenetic, and proteasomal regulation of ion channel expression: Ca(2+) channels (TRPC/TRPV/TRPM/TRPA/Orai), K(+) channels (voltage-gated, KV/Ca(2+)-activated, KCa/two-pore domain, K2P/inward-rectifier, Kir), and Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (TMEM16A/TMEM16B). Furthermore, this review highlights expression of these ion channels in expression-defect channelopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatano
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Köhler R, Oliván-Viguera A, Wulff H. Endothelial Small- and Intermediate-Conductance K Channels and Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization as Drug Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:65-104. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
44
|
REST mediates resolution of HIF-dependent gene expression in prolonged hypoxia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17851. [PMID: 26647819 PMCID: PMC4673454 DOI: 10.1038/srep17851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia which promotes oxygen delivery and metabolic adaptation to oxygen deprivation. However, the degree and duration of HIF-1α expression in hypoxia must be carefully balanced within cells in order to avoid unwanted side effects associated with excessive activity. The expression of HIF-1α mRNA is suppressed in prolonged hypoxia, suggesting that the control of HIF1A gene transcription is tightly regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. Little is known about the resolution of the HIF-1α protein response and the suppression of HIF-1α mRNA in prolonged hypoxia. Here, we demonstrate that the Repressor Element 1-Silencing Transcription factor (REST) binds to the HIF-1α promoter in a hypoxia-dependent manner. Knockdown of REST using RNAi increases the expression of HIF-1α mRNA, protein and transcriptional activity. Furthermore REST knockdown increases glucose consumption and lactate production in a HIF-1α- (but not HIF-2α-) dependent manner. Finally, REST promotes the resolution of HIF-1α protein expression in prolonged hypoxia. In conclusion, we hypothesize that REST represses transcription of HIF-1α in prolonged hypoxia, thus contributing to the resolution of the HIF-1α response.
Collapse
|
45
|
A comprehensive 1,000 Genomes-based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1121-1130. [PMID: 26343387 PMCID: PMC4589895 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1601] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Existing knowledge of genetic variants affecting risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is largely based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis of common SNPs. Leveraging phased haplotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project, we report a GWAS meta-analysis of 185 thousand CAD cases and controls, interrogating 6.7 million common (MAF>0.05) as well as 2.7 million low frequency (0.005<MAF<0.05) variants. In addition to confirmation of most known CAD loci, we identified 10 novel loci, eight additive and two recessive, that contain candidate genes that newly implicate biological processes in vessel walls. We observed intra-locus allelic heterogeneity but little evidence of low frequency variants with larger effects and no evidence of synthetic association. Our analysis provides a comprehensive survey of the fine genetic architecture of CAD showing that genetic susceptibility to this common disease is largely determined by common SNPs of small effect size.
Collapse
|
46
|
Brænne I, Civelek M, Vilne B, Di Narzo A, Johnson AD, Zhao Y, Reiz B, Codoni V, Webb TR, Foroughi Asl H, Hamby SE, Zeng L, Trégouët DA, Hao K, Topol EJ, Schadt EE, Yang X, Samani NJ, Björkegren JLM, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Lusis AJ. Prediction of Causal Candidate Genes in Coronary Artery Disease Loci. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2207-17. [PMID: 26293461 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies have to date identified 159 significant and suggestive loci for coronary artery disease (CAD). We now report comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of sequence variation in these loci to predict candidate causal genes. APPROACH AND RESULTS All annotated genes in the loci were evaluated with respect to protein-coding single-nucleotide polymorphism and gene expression parameters. The latter included expression quantitative trait loci, tissue specificity, and miRNA binding. High priority candidate genes were further identified based on literature searches and our experimental data. We conclude that the great majority of causal variations affecting CAD risk occur in noncoding regions, with 41% affecting gene expression robustly versus 6% leading to amino acid changes. Many of these genes differed from the traditionally annotated genes, which was usually based on proximity to the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism. Indeed, we obtained evidence that genetic variants at CAD loci affect 98 genes which had not been linked to CAD previously. CONCLUSIONS Our results substantially revise the list of likely candidates for CAD and suggest that genome-wide association studies efforts in other diseases may benefit from similar bioinformatics analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Brænne
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Mete Civelek
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Baiba Vilne
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Benedikt Reiz
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Veronica Codoni
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Thomas R Webb
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Hassan Foroughi Asl
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Stephen E Hamby
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Ke Hao
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Eric J Topol
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Eric E Schadt
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Xia Yang
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.)
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- From the Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (I.B., B.R., J.E.); Departments of Medicine (M.C., A.J.L.) and Integrative Biology and Physiology (Y.Z., X.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (B.V., L.Z., H.S.); Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.D.N., K.H., E.E.S., J.L.M.B.); Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Human Genomics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (A.D.J.); Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 06), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France (V.C., D.-A.T.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.W., S.E.H., N.J.S.); Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.F.A., J.L.M.B.); and Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (E.J.T.).
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Martin D, Kim YH, Sever D, Mao CA, Haefliger JA, Grapin-Botton A. REST represses a subset of the pancreatic endocrine differentiation program. Dev Biol 2015; 405:316-27. [PMID: 26156633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To contribute to devise successful beta-cell differentiation strategies for the cure of Type 1 diabetes we sought to uncover barriers that restrict endocrine fate acquisition by studying the role of the transcriptional repressor REST in the developing pancreas. Rest expression is prevented in neurons and in endocrine cells, which is necessary for their normal function. During development, REST represses a subset of genes in the neuronal differentiation program and Rest is down-regulated as neurons differentiate. Here, we investigate the role of REST in the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells, which are molecularly close to neurons. We show that Rest is widely expressed in pancreas progenitors and that it is down-regulated in differentiated endocrine cells. Sustained expression of REST in Pdx1(+) progenitors impairs the differentiation of endocrine-committed Neurog3(+) progenitors, decreases beta and alpha cell mass by E18.5, and triggers diabetes in adulthood. Conditional inactivation of Rest in Pdx1(+) progenitors is not sufficient to trigger endocrine differentiation but up-regulates a subset of differentiation genes. Our results show that the transcriptional repressor REST is active in pancreas progenitors where it gates the activation of part of the beta cell differentiation program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yung-Hae Kim
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dror Sever
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Chai-An Mao
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacques-Antoine Haefliger
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, C/O Department of Physiology, Bugnon 7a, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ohya S, Nakamura E, Horiba S, Kito H, Matsui M, Yamamura H, Imaizumi Y. Role of the K(Ca)3.1 K+ channel in auricular lymph node CD4+ T-lymphocyte function of the delayed-type hypersensitivity model. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 169:1011-23. [PMID: 23594188 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (K(Ca)3.1) modulates the Ca(2+) response through the control of the membrane potential in the immune system. We investigated the role of K(Ca)3.1 on the pathogenesis of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in auricular lymph node (ALN) CD4(+) T-lymphocytes of oxazolone (Ox)-induced DTH model mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression patterns of K(Ca)3.1 and its possible transcriptional regulators were compared among ALN T-lymphocytes of three groups [non-sensitized (Ox-/-), Ox-sensitized, but non-challenged (Ox+/-) and Ox-sensitized and -challenged (Ox+/+)] using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and flow cytometry. KCa 3.1 activity was measured by whole-cell patch clamp and the voltage-sensitive dye imaging. The effects of K(Ca)3.1 blockade were examined by the administration of selective K(Ca)3.1 blockers. KEY RESULTS Significant up-regulation of K(Ca)3.1a was observed in CD4(+) T-lymphocytes of Ox+/- and Ox+/+, without any evident changes in the expression of the dominant-negative form, K(Ca)3.1b. Negatively correlated with this, the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) was significantly down-regulated. Pharmacological blockade of K(Ca)3.1 resulted in an accumulation of the CD4(+) T-lymphocytes of Ox+/+ at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and also significantly recovered not only the pathogenesis of DTH, but also the changes in the K(Ca)3.1 expression and activity in the CD4(+) T-lymphocytes of Ox+/- and Ox+/+. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The up-regulation of K(Ca)3.1a in conjunction with the down-regulation of REST may be involved in CD4(+) T-lymphocyte proliferation in the ALNs of DTH model mice; and K(Ca)3.1 may be an important target for therapeutic intervention in allergy diseases such as DTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guéguinou M, Gambade A, Félix R, Chantôme A, Fourbon Y, Bougnoux P, Weber G, Potier-Cartereau M, Vandier C. Lipid rafts, KCa/ClCa/Ca2+ channel complexes and EGFR signaling: Novel targets to reduce tumor development by lipids? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2603-20. [PMID: 25450343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipid rafts are distinct plasma membrane nanodomains that are enriched with cholesterol, sphingolipids and gangliosides, with occasional presence of saturated fatty acids and phospholipids containing saturated acyl chains. It is well known that they organize receptors (such as Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor), ion channels and their downstream acting molecules to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Among them are Ca2+ signaling pathways, which are modified in tumor cells and inhibited upon membrane raft disruption. In addition to protein components, lipids from rafts also contribute to the organization and function of Ca2+ signaling microdomains. This article aims to focus on the lipid raft KCa/ClCa/Ca2+ channel complexes that regulate Ca2+ and EGFR signaling in cancer cells, and discusses the potential modification of these complexes by lipids as a novel therapeutic approach in tumor development. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Guéguinou
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Audrey Gambade
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Romain Félix
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Aurélie Chantôme
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Yann Fourbon
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Philippe Bougnoux
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France; Centre HS Kaplan, CHRU Tours, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Günther Weber
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify novel interventions for mitigating the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by progressive renal fibrosis, in which tubulointerstitial fibrosis has been shown to be the final common pathway of all forms of chronic progressive renal disease, including diabetic nephropathy. Therefore targeting the possible mechanisms that drive this process may provide novel therapeutics which allow the prevention and potentially retardation of the functional decline in diabetic nephropathy. Recently, the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 (KCa3.1) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for nephropathy, based on its ability to regulate Ca2+ entry into cells and modulate Ca2+-signalling processes. In the present review, we focus on the physiological role of KCa3.1 in those cells involved in the tubulointerstitial fibrosis, including proximal tubular cells, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells (T-cells and macrophages) and endothelial cells. Collectively these studies support further investigation into KCa3.1 as a therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
|