1
|
Preedy MK, White MRH, Tergaonkar V. Cellular heterogeneity in TNF/TNFR1 signalling: live cell imaging of cell fate decisions in single cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:202. [PMID: 38467621 PMCID: PMC10928192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to TNF are inherently heterogeneous within an isogenic cell population and across different cell types. TNF promotes cell survival by activating pro-inflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways but may also trigger apoptosis and necroptosis. Following TNF stimulation, the fate of individual cells is governed by the balance of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signalling pathways. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving heterogenous responses to TNF, quantifying TNF/TNFR1 signalling at the single-cell level is crucial. Fluorescence live-cell imaging techniques offer real-time, dynamic insights into molecular processes in single cells, allowing for detection of rapid and transient changes, as well as identification of subpopulations, that are likely to be missed with traditional endpoint assays. Whilst fluorescence live-cell imaging has been employed extensively to investigate TNF-induced inflammation and TNF-induced cell death, it has been underutilised in studying the role of TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway crosstalk in guiding cell-fate decisions in single cells. Here, we outline the various opportunities for pathway crosstalk during TNF/TNFR1 signalling and how these interactions may govern heterogenous responses to TNF. We also advocate for the use of live-cell imaging techniques to elucidate the molecular processes driving cell-to-cell variability in single cells. Understanding and overcoming cellular heterogeneity in response to TNF and modulators of the TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway could lead to the development of targeted therapies for various diseases associated with aberrant TNF/TNFR1 signalling, such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Preedy
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Michael R H White
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, MD7, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karri U, Harasimowicz M, Carpio Tumba M, Schwartz DM. The Complexity of Being A20: From Biological Functions to Genetic Associations. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:76. [PMID: 38451381 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A20, encoded by TNFAIP3, is a critical negative regulator of immune activation. A20 is a ubiquitin editing enzyme with multiple domains, each of which mediates or stabilizes a key ubiquitin modification. A20 targets diverse proteins that are involved in pleiotropic immunologic pathways. The complexity of A20-mediated immunomodulation is illustrated by the varied effects of A20 deletion in different cell types and disease models. Clinically, the importance of A20 is highlighted by its extensive associations with human disease. A20 germline variants are associated with a wide range of inflammatory diseases, while somatic mutations promote development of B cell lymphomas. More recently, the discovery of A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20) has provided real world evidence for the role of A20 in immune cell function. Originally described as an autosomal dominant form of Behcet's disease, HA20 is now considered a complex inborn error of immunity with a broad spectrum of immunologic and clinical phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urekha Karri
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Harasimowicz
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Manuel Carpio Tumba
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Campos Alonso M, Knobeloch KP. In the moonlight: non-catalytic functions of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteases. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1349509. [PMID: 38455765 PMCID: PMC10919355 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1349509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteases that cleave ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are critical players in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism. Concordantly, their dysregulation has been directly linked to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, developmental aberrations, cardiac disorders and inflammation. Given their potential as novel therapeutic targets, it is essential to fully understand their mechanisms of action. Traditionally, observed effects resulting from deficiencies in deubiquitinases (DUBs) and UBL proteases have often been attributed to the misregulation of substrate modification by ubiquitin or UBLs. Therefore, much research has focused on understanding the catalytic activities of these proteins. However, this view has overlooked the possibility that DUBs and UBL proteases might also have significant non-catalytic functions, which are more prevalent than previously believed and urgently require further investigation. Moreover, multiple examples have shown that either selective loss of only the protease activity or complete absence of these proteins can have different functional and physiological consequences. Furthermore, DUBs and UBL proteases have been shown to often contain domains or binding motifs that not only modulate their catalytic activity but can also mediate entirely different functions. This review aims to shed light on the non-catalytic, moonlighting functions of DUBs and UBL proteases, which extend beyond the hydrolysis of ubiquitin and UBL chains and are just beginning to emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Campos Alonso
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Federici S, Cinicola BL, La Torre F, Castagnoli R, Lougaris V, Giardino G, Volpi S, Caorsi R, Leonardi L, Corrente S, Soresina A, Cancrini C, Insalaco A, Gattorno M, De Benedetti F, Marseglia GL, Del Giudice MM, Cardinale F. Vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity: an overview. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1258301. [PMID: 38357265 PMCID: PMC10866297 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1258301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are disorders of innate immunity, which are characterized by unprovoked recurrent flares of systemic inflammation often characterized by fever associated with clinical manifestations mainly involving the musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Several conditions also present with varied, sometimes prominent, involvement of the vascular system, with features of vasculitis characterized by variable target vessel involvement and organ damage. Here, we report a systematic review of vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Federici
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco La Torre
- Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Pediatric Section, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Caorsi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annarosa Soresina
- Unit of Pediatric Immunology, Pediatrics Clinic, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Insalaco
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dutta DJ, Sasaki J, Bansal A, Sugai K, Yamashita S, Li G, Lazarski C, Wang L, Sasaki T, Yamashita C, Carryl H, Suzuki R, Odawara M, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Rakic P, Torii M, Hashimoto-Torii K. Alternative splicing events as peripheral biomarkers for motor learning deficit caused by adverse prenatal environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304074120. [PMID: 38051767 PMCID: PMC10723155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severity of neurobehavioral deficits in children born from adverse pregnancies, such as maternal alcohol consumption and diabetes, does not always correlate with the adversity's duration and intensity. Therefore, biological signatures for accurate prediction of the severity of neurobehavioral deficits, and robust tools for reliable identification of such biomarkers, have an urgent clinical need. Here, we demonstrate that significant changes in the alternative splicing (AS) pattern of offspring lymphocyte RNA can function as accurate peripheral biomarkers for motor learning deficits in mouse models of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and offspring of mother with diabetes (OMD). An aptly trained deep-learning model identified 29 AS events common to PAE and OMD as superior predictors of motor learning deficits than AS events specific to PAE or OMD. Shapley-value analysis, a game-theory algorithm, deciphered the trained deep-learning model's learnt associations between its input, AS events, and output, motor learning performance. Shapley values of the deep-learning model's input identified the relative contribution of the 29 common AS events to the motor learning deficit. Gene ontology and predictive structure-function analyses, using Alphafold2 algorithm, supported existing evidence on the critical roles of these molecules in early brain development and function. The direction of most AS events was opposite in PAE and OMD, potentially from differential expression of RNA binding proteins in PAE and OMD. Altogether, this study posits that AS of lymphocyte RNA is a rich resource, and deep-learning is an effective tool, for discovery of peripheral biomarkers of neurobehavioral deficits in children of diverse adverse pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar J. Dutta
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
| | - Junko Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Ankush Bansal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
| | - Keiji Sugai
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
| | - Guojiao Li
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Christopher Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC20010
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Chiho Yamashita
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
| | - Heather Carryl
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Masato Odawara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA17033
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC20010
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital,Washington, DC20010
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC20010
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song Z, Wu W, Wei W, Xiao W, Lei M, Cai KQ, Huang DW, Jeong S, Zhang JP, Wang H, Kadin ME, Waldmann TA, Staudt LM, Nakagawa M, Yang Y. Analysis and therapeutic targeting of the IL-1R pathway in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood 2023; 142:1297-1311. [PMID: 37339580 PMCID: PMC10613726 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a subgroup of mature T-cell neoplasms with an aggressive clinical course, is characterized by elevated expression of CD30 and anaplastic cytology. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the molecular characteristics of ALCL pathology and to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities, we applied genome-wide CRISPR library screenings to both anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) and primary cutaneous (pC) ALK- ALCLs and identified an unexpected role of the interleukin-1R (IL-1R) inflammatory pathway in supporting the viability of pC ALK- ALCL. Importantly, this pathway is activated by IL-1α in an autocrine manner, which is essential for the induction and maintenance of protumorigenic inflammatory responses in pC-ALCL cell lines and primary cases. Hyperactivation of the IL-1R pathway is promoted by the A20 loss-of-function mutation in the pC-ALCL lines we analyze and is regulated by the nonproteolytic protein ubiquitination network. Furthermore, the IL-1R pathway promotes JAK-STAT3 signaling activation in ALCLs lacking STAT3 gain-of-function mutation or ALK translocation and enhances the sensitivity of JAK inhibitors in these tumors in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the JAK2/IRAK1 dual inhibitor, pacritinib, exhibited strong activities against pC ALK- ALCL, where the IL-1R pathway is hyperactivated in the cell line and xenograft mouse model. Thus, our studies revealed critical insights into the essential roles of the IL-1R pathway in pC-ALCL and provided opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Song
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wei Wei
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Michelle Lei
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Subin Jeong
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jing-Ping Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marshall E. Kadin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Masao Nakagawa
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yibin Yang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Identification of ester-linked ubiquitylation sites during TLR7 signalling increases the number of inter-ubiquitin linkages from 8 to 12. Biochem J 2022; 479:2419-2431. [PMID: 36408944 PMCID: PMC9788571 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ligase HOIL-1 forms ester bonds in vitro between ubiquitin and serine/threonine residues in proteins. Here, we exploit UbiSite technology to identify serine and threonine residues undergoing HOIL-1 catalysed ubiquitylation in macrophages stimulated with R848, an activator of the TLR7/8 heterodimer. We identify Thr12, Thr14, Ser20 and Thr22 of ubiquitin as amino acid residues forming ester bonds with the C-terminal carboxylate of another ubiquitin molecule. This increases from 8 to 12 the number of ubiquitin linkage types that are formed in cells. We also identify Ser175 of IRAK4, Ser136, Thr163 and Ser168 of IRAK2 and Thr141 of MyD88 as further sites of HOIL-1-catalysed ubiquitylation together with lysine residues in these proteins that also undergo R848-dependent ubiquitylation. These findings establish that the ubiquitin chains attached to components of myddosomes are initiated by both ester and isopeptide bonds. Ester bond formation takes place within the proline, serine, threonine-rich (PST) domains of IRAK2 and IRAK4 and the intermediate domain of MyD88. The ubiquitin molecules attached to Lys162, Thr163 and Ser168 of IRAK2 are attached to different IRAK2 molecules.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Wang X, Yang Y, Fang C, Liu J, Liang X, Yang Y. A20 Enhances the Expression of the Proto-Oncogene C-Myc by Downregulating TRAF6 Ubiquitination after ALV-A Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102210. [PMID: 36298765 PMCID: PMC9607361 DOI: 10.3390/v14102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hens infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV-A) experience stunted growth, immunosuppression, and potentially, lymphoma development. According to past research, A20 can both promote and inhibit tumor growth. In this study, DF-1 cells were infected with ALV-A rHB2015012, and Gp85 expression was measured at various time points. A recombinant plasmid encoding the chicken A20 gene and short hairpin RNA targeting chicken A20 (A20-shRNA) was constructed and transfected into DF-1 cells to determine the effect on ALV-A replication. The potential signaling pathways of A20 were explored using bioinformatics prediction, co-immunoprecipitation, and other techniques. The results demonstrate that A20 and ALV-A promoted each other after ALV-A infection of DF-1 cells, upregulated A20, inhibited TRAF6 ubiquitination, and promoted STAT3 phosphorylation. The phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3) promoted the expression of proto-oncogene c-myc, which may lead to tumorigenesis. This study will help to further understand the tumorigenic process of ALV-A and provide a reference for preventing and controlling ALV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xingming Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chun Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crystallographic mining of ASK1 regulators to unravel the intricate PPI interfaces for the discovery of small molecule. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3734-3754. [PMID: 35891784 PMCID: PMC9294202 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein seldom performs biological activities in isolation. Understanding the protein–protein interactions’ physical rewiring in response to pathological conditions or pathogen infection can help advance our comprehension of disease etiology, progression, and pathogenesis, which allow us to explore the alternate route to control the regulation of key target interactions, timely and effectively. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is now a global public health problem exacerbated due to the lack of appropriate treatments. The most advanced anti-NASH lead compound (selonsertib) is withdrawn, though it is able to inhibit its target Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) completely, indicating the necessity to explore alternate routes rather than complete inhibition. Understanding the interaction fingerprints of endogenous regulators at the molecular level that underpin disease formation and progression may spur the rationale of designing therapeutic strategies. Based on our analysis and thorough literature survey of the various key regulators and PTMs, the current review emphasizes PPI-based drug discovery’s relevance for NASH conditions. The lack of structural detail (interface sites) of ASK1 and its regulators makes it challenging to characterize the PPI interfaces. This review summarizes key regulators interaction fingerprinting of ASK1, which can be explored further to restore the homeostasis from its hyperactive states for therapeutics intervention against NASH.
Collapse
Key Words
- ASK1
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- CFLAR, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator
- CREG, Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes
- DKK3, Dickkopf-related protein 3
- Interaction fingerprint
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PTM, Post-trancriptional modification
- PTMs
- Protein-protein interaction
- TNFAIP3, TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3
- TRAF2/6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor2/6
- TRIM48, Tripartite Motif Containing 48
- TRX, Thioredoxin
- USP9X, Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 9 X-Linked
Collapse
|
10
|
Deubiquitinases in cell death and inflammation. Biochem J 2022; 479:1103-1119. [PMID: 35608338 PMCID: PMC9162465 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are distinct forms of programmed cell death that eliminate infected, damaged, or obsolete cells. Many proteins that regulate or are a part of the cell death machinery undergo ubiquitination, a post-translational modification made by ubiquitin ligases that modulates protein abundance, localization, and/or activity. For example, some ubiquitin chains target proteins for degradation, while others function as scaffolds for the assembly of signaling complexes. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are the proteases that counteract ubiquitin ligases by cleaving ubiquitin from their protein substrates. Here, we review the DUBs that have been found to suppress or promote apoptosis, pyroptosis, or necroptosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
RIP1 post-translational modifications. Biochem J 2022; 479:929-951. [PMID: 35522161 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) kinase is a critical regulator of inflammation and cell death signaling, and plays a crucial role in maintaining immune responses and proper tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence argues for the importance of RIP1 post-translational modifications in control of its function. Ubiquitination by E3 ligases, such as inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and LUBAC, as well as the reversal of these modifications by deubiquitinating enzymes, such as A20 and CYLD, can greatly influence RIP1 mediated signaling. In addition, cleavage by caspase-8, RIP1 autophosphorylation, and phosphorylation by a number of signaling kinases can greatly impact cellular fate. Disruption of the tightly regulated RIP1 modifications can lead to signaling disbalance in TNF and/or TLR controlled and other inflammatory pathways, and result in severe human pathologies. This review will focus on RIP1 and its many modifications with an emphasis on ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and cleavage, and their functional impact on the RIP1's role in signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zammit NW, McDowell J, Warren J, Muskovic W, Gamble J, Shi YC, Kaczorowski D, Chan CL, Powell J, Ormandy C, Brown D, Oakes SR, Grey ST. TNFAIP3 Reduction-of-Function Drives Female Infertility and CNS Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811525. [PMID: 35464428 PMCID: PMC9027572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with autoimmune and inflammatory aetiologies can exhibit reduced fecundity. TNFAIP3 is a master negative regulator of inflammation, and has been linked to many inflammatory conditions by genome wide associations studies, however its role in fertility remains unknown. Here we show that mice harbouring a mild Tnfaip3 reduction-of-function coding variant (Tnfaip3I325N) that reduces the threshold for inflammatory NF-κB activation, exhibit reduced fecundity. Sub-fertility in Tnfaip3I325N mice is associated with irregular estrous cycling, low numbers of ovarian secondary follicles, impaired mammary gland development and insulin resistance. These pathological features are associated with infertility in human subjects. Transplantation of Tnfaip3I325N ovaries, mammary glands or pancreatic islets into wild-type recipients rescued estrous cycling, mammary branching and hyperinsulinemia respectively, pointing towards a cell-extrinsic hormonal mechanism. Examination of hypothalamic brain sections revealed increased levels of microglial activation with reduced levels of luteinizing hormone. TNFAIP3 coding variants may offer one contributing mechanism for the cause of sub-fertility observed across otherwise healthy populations as well as for the wide variety of auto-inflammatory conditions to which TNFAIP3 is associated. Further, TNFAIP3 represents a molecular mechanism that links heightened immunity with neuronal inflammatory homeostasis. These data also highlight that tuning-up immunity with TNFAIP3 comes with the potentially evolutionary significant trade-off of reduced fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Zammit
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nathan W. Zammit, ; Shane T. Grey,
| | - Joseph McDowell
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Warren
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter Muskovic
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Gamble
- Centre for NSW Health Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology And Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Kaczorowski
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chia-Ling Chan
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Powell
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Ormandy
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Brown
- Centre for NSW Health Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology And Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha R. Oakes
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane T. Grey
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nathan W. Zammit, ; Shane T. Grey,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sato Y. Structural basis for the linkage specificity of ubiquitin-binding domain and deubiquitinase. J Biochem 2022; 172:1-7. [PMID: 35394523 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification system essential for regulating a wide variety of biological processes in eukaryotes. Ubiquitin (Ub) itself undergoes post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination. All seven lysine residues and one N-terminal amino group of Ub can act as acceptors for further ubiquitination, producing eight types of Ub chains. Ub chains of different linkage types have different cellular functions and are referred to as the 'ubiquitin code'. Decoder molecules that contain linkage-specific Ub-binding domains (UBDs) recognize the Ub chains to regulate different cellular functions. On the other hand, deubiquitinases (DUBs) cleave Ub chains to reverse ubiquitin signals. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of linkage-specific recognitions of Ub chains by UBDs and DUBs, which have been revealed by structural studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rossi MN, Federici S, Uva A, Passarelli C, Celani C, Caiello I, Matteo V, Petrocchi S, Mortari EP, De Benedetti F, Prencipe G, Insalaco A. Identification of a Novel Mutation in TNFAIP3 in a Family With Poly-Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804401. [PMID: 35154120 PMCID: PMC8825778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) is an inflammatory disease caused by mutations in the TNFAIP3 gene classically presenting with Behcet’s-like disease. A20 acts as an inhibitor of inflammation through its effect on NF-kB pathway. Here we describe four consanguineous patients (three sisters and their mother) with a predominantly autoimmune phenotype, including thyroiditis, type I diabetes, hemolytic anemia and chronic polyarthritis. All patients had recurrent oral ulcers, with only 1 patient presenting also recurrent fever episodes, as a classical autoinflammatory feature. Next generation sequencing identified a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation (p.His577Alafs*95) that causes a premature stop codon in the zinc finger domain of A20, leading to a putative haploinsufficiency of the protein. Functional analyses confirmed the pathogenicity of the mutation. The variant was associated with decreased levels of A20 in blood cells. Accordingly, ex-vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed higher levels of p65 NF-kB phosphorylation, as well as increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, in agreement with recent observations, demonstrating a role for A20 in inhibiting STAT1 and IFNγ pathways, markedly higher circulating levels of the two IFNγ-inducible chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 were detected in all patients. Supporting the findings of a hyperactivation of IFNγ signaling pathway in HA20 patients, patients’ monocytes showed higher levels of STAT1 without stimulation, as well as higher phosphorylated (active) STAT1 levels following IFNγ stimulation. In conclusion, our study show that in the clinical spectrum of HA20 autoimmune features may predominate over autoinflammatory features and demonstrate, from a molecular point of view, the involvement of A20 in modulating not only the NF-kB, but also the IFNγ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Federici
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Uva
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Passarelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Camilla Celani
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Ivan Caiello
- Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Matteo
- Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrocchi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Benedetti
- Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giusi Prencipe
- Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Insalaco
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yin H, Karayel O, Chao YY, Seeholzer T, Hamp I, Plettenburg O, Gehring T, Zielinski C, Mann M, Krappmann D. A20 and ABIN-1 cooperate in balancing CBM complex-triggered NF-κB signaling in activated T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:112. [PMID: 35099607 PMCID: PMC8803816 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation initiates protective adaptive immunity, but counterbalancing mechanisms are critical to prevent overshooting responses and to maintain immune homeostasis. The CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex bridges T cell receptor engagement to NF-κB signaling and MALT1 protease activation. Here, we show that ABIN-1 is modulating the suppressive function of A20 in T cells. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified ABIN-1 as an interactor of the CBM signalosome in activated T cells. A20 and ABIN-1 counteract inducible activation of human primary CD4 and Jurkat T cells. While A20 overexpression is able to silence CBM complex-triggered NF-κB and MALT1 protease activation independent of ABIN-1, the negative regulatory function of ABIN-1 depends on A20. The suppressive function of A20 in T cells relies on ubiquitin binding through the C-terminal zinc finger (ZnF)4/7 motifs, but does not involve the deubiquitinating activity of the OTU domain. Our mechanistic studies reveal that the A20/ABIN-1 module is recruited to the CBM complex via A20 ZnF4/7 and that proteasomal degradation of A20 and ABIN-1 releases the CBM complex from the negative impact of both regulators. Ubiquitin binding to A20 ZnF4/7 promotes destructive K48-polyubiquitination to itself and to ABIN-1. Further, after prolonged T cell stimulation, ABIN-1 antagonizes MALT1-catalyzed cleavage of re-synthesized A20 and thereby diminishes sustained CBM complex signaling. Taken together, interdependent post-translational mechanisms are tightly controlling expression and activity of the A20/ABIN-1 silencing module and the cooperative action of both negative regulators is critical to balance CBM complex signaling and T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yin
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ying-Yin Chao
- Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Seeholzer
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Hamp
- Institute for Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Institute for Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Torben Gehring
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Zielinski
- Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A20 undermines alternative NF-κB activity and expression of anti-apoptotic genes in Helicobacter pylori infection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:102. [PMID: 35089437 PMCID: PMC8799570 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of infection by the pathogen Helicobacter pylori, which colonizes the human gastric epithelium, is the simultaneous activation of the classical and alternative nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways, underlying inflammation and cell survival. Here, we report that the classical NF-κB target gene product A20 contributes to the negative regulation of alternative NF-κB signaling in gastric epithelial cells infected by H. pylori. Mechanistically, the de novo synthesized A20 protein interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA) and thereby interferes with the association of TIFA with the NIK regulatory complex. We also show that alternative NF-κB activity contributes to the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes, such as baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 (BIRC2), BIRC3 and B-cell lymphoma 2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1) in gastric epithelial cells. Furthermore, the observed over-expression of RelB in human gastric biopsies with type B gastritis and RelB-dependent suppression of apoptotic cell death emphasize an important role of the alternative NF-κB pathway in H. pylori infection.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rusu I, Mennillo E, Bain JL, Li Z, Sun X, Ly KM, Rosli YY, Naser M, Wang Z, Advincula R, Achacoso P, Shao L, Razani B, Klein OD, Marson A, Turnbaugh JA, Turnbaugh PJ, Malynn BA, Ma A, Kattah MG. Microbial signals, MyD88, and lymphotoxin drive TNF-independent intestinal epithelial tissue damage. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154993. [PMID: 35077396 PMCID: PMC8884902 DOI: 10.1172/jci154993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-TNF antibodies are effective for treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but many patients fail to respond to anti-TNF therapy, highlighting the importance of TNF-independent disease. We previously demonstrated that acute deletion of 2 IBD susceptibility genes, A20 (Tnfaip3) and Abin-1 (Tnip1), in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) sensitized mice to both TNF-dependent and TNF-independent death. Here we show that TNF-independent IEC death after A20 and Abin-1 deletion was rescued by germ-free derivation or deletion of MyD88, while deletion of Trif provided only partial protection. Combined deletion of Ripk3 and Casp8, which inhibits both apoptotic and necroptotic death, completely protected against death after acute deletion of A20 and Abin-1 in IECs. A20- and Abin-1–deficient IECs were sensitized to TNF-independent, TNFR1-mediated death in response to lymphotoxin α (LTα) homotrimers. Blockade of LTα in vivo reduced weight loss and improved survival when combined with partial deletion of MyD88. Biopsies of inflamed colon mucosa from patients with IBD exhibited increased LTA and IL1B expression, including a subset of patients with active colitis on anti-TNF therapy. These data show that microbial signals, MyD88, and LTα all contribute to TNF-independent intestinal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Rusu
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jared L. Bain
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Yenny Y. Rosli
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Naser
- Biological Imaging Development CoLab, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zunqiu Wang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Philip Achacoso
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ling Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ophir D. Klein
- Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ohtake F. Branched ubiquitin code: from basic biology to targeted protein degradation. J Biochem 2022; 171:361-366. [PMID: 35037035 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation regulates numerous pathways, and the diverse information encoded by various forms of ubiquitylation is known as the ubiquitin code. Recent studies revealed that branched ubiquitin chains are abundant in mammalian cells and regulate important pathways. They include proteasomal degradation of misfolded and disease-causing proteins, regulation of NF-B signaling, and apoptotic cell fate decisions. Targeted protein degradation through chemical degraders emerged as a transformative therapeutic paradigm aimed at inducing the disappearance of unwanted cellular proteins. To further improve the efficacy of target degradation and expand its applications, understanding the molecular mechanism of degraders' action from the view of ubiquitin code biology is required. In this review, I discuss the roles of the ubiquitin code in biological pathways and in chemically induced targeted protein degradation by focusing on the branched ubiquitin codes that we have characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ohtake
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Villamil M, Xiao W, Yu C, Huang L, Xu P, Kaiser P. The Ubiquitin Interacting Motif-Like Domain of Met4 Selectively Binds K48 Polyubiquitin Chains. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100175. [PMID: 34763062 PMCID: PMC8693465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation is an important posttranslational modification that governs most cellular processes. Signaling functions of ubiquitylation are very diverse and involve proteolytic as well as nonproteolytic events, such as localization, regulation of protein interactions, and control of protein activity. The intricacy of ubiquitin signaling is further complicated by several different polyubiquitin chain types that are likely recognized and interpreted by different protein readers. For example, K48-linked ubiquitin chains represent the most abundant chain topology and are the canonical degradation signals, but have been implicated in degradation-independent functions as well, likely requiring a variety of protein readers. Ubiquitin binding domains that interact with polyubiquitin chains are likely at the center of ubiquitin signal recognition and transmission, but their structure and selectivity are largely unexplored. Here we report identification and characterization of the ubiquitin interacting motif-like (UIML) domain of the yeast transcription factor Met4 as a strictly K48-polyubiquitin specific binding unit using methods such as biolayer interferometry (BLI), pull-down assays, and mass spectrometry. We further used the selective binding property to develop an affinity probe for purification of proteins modified with K48-linked polyubiquitin chains. The affinity probe has a Kd = 100 nM for K48 tetra-ubiquitin and shows no detectable interaction with either monoubiquitin or any other polyubiquitin chain configuration. Our results define a short strictly K48-linkage-dependent binding motif and present a new affinity reagent for the K48-polyubiquitin-modified proteome. Our findings benefit the ubiquitin field in analyses of the role of K48-linked polyubiquitylation and increase our understanding of chain topology selective ubiquitin chain recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Villamil
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Weidi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Clinton Yu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schoeffler AJ, Helgason E, Popovych N, Dueber EC. Diagnosing and mitigating method-based avidity artifacts that confound polyubiquitin-binding assays. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2021; 1:100033. [PMID: 36425458 PMCID: PMC9680732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyubiquitination is a complex form of posttranslational modification responsible for the control of numerous cellular processes. Many ubiquitin-binding proteins recognize distinct polyubiquitin chain types, and these associations help drive ubiquitin-signaling pathways. There is considerable interest in understanding the specificity of ubiquitin-binding proteins; however, because of the multivalent nature of polyubiquitin, affinity measurements of these interactions that rely on affixing ubiquitin-binding proteins to a surface can display artifactual, method-dependent avidity, or "bridging." This artifact, which is distinct from biologically relevant, avid interactions with polyubiquitin, is commonplace in such polyubiquitin-binding measurements and can lead to dramatic overestimations of binding affinities for particular chain types, and thus, incorrect conclusions about specificity. Here, we use surface-based measurements of ubiquitin binding in three model systems to illustrate bridging and lay out practical ways of identifying and mitigating it. Specifically, we describe a simple fitting model that enables researchers to diagnose the severity of bridging artifacts, determine whether they can be minimized, and more accurately evaluate polyubiquitin-binding specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allyn J. Schoeffler
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Elizabeth Helgason
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Nataliya Popovych
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Erin C. Dueber
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang W, Deng M, Gan C, Wang L, Mao H, Li Q. A novel missense mutation in TNFAIP3 causes haploinsufficiency of A20. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104453. [PMID: 34808442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A20, encoded by TNFAIP3, is an effective anti-inflammatory molecule that plays a crucial role in inhibiting NF-κB signal transmission and is linked to multiple inflammatory diseases. It has been reported that the haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) caused by multiple base mutations in TNFAIP3 shows early-onset spontaneous Behçet-like disease. However, the mechanisms by which A20 mutations involved in inflammatory disease are incompletely defined. Herein, we reported a novel TNFAIP3 (c.1804A > T, p.T602S) variation, which has not been reported before. Summarizing the patient's immunodeficiency phenotype, we aimed to delineate the underlying mechanism for regulation of inflammation and immunity. Candidate genes associated with the Behçet-like phenotypes of the patient were screened and identified by using whole-exome and sanger sequencing. Functional studies were performed in A20(c.1804A > T, p.T602S) patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 cell lines by lentivirus mediating stable over-expression of A20 and A20(c.1804A > T, p.T602S) to analyze the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway. The clinical manifestations in patients with syndrome are Behçet-like disorder, and sequencing revealed heterozygous mutation in TNFAIP3 (c.1804A > T, p.T602S). Functional tests found that the PBMCs of the patient and his family carrying this heterozygous variant stimulated by LPS, TNF-α, or IL-1β, increased the levels of inflammatory factors and induced over-activation of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. Similar results were also observed in the stable transduction THP-1 (A20, c.1804A>T) cell line stimulated by LPS, TNF-α or IL-1β. The novel loss-of-function A20 variation (c.1804A > T, p.T602S) causes over-activation of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway and fail to terminate NF-κB signaling in response to stimulation by inflammatory cytokines. The variation triggers a dominantly-inherited Behçet-like disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the A20 protein. Identification of the novel A20 mutation attaches great importance to prenatal diagnosis and fetal therapeutic intervention, drastically reducing the risk of newborns suffering from HA20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mengyue Deng
- Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chun Gan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Huawei Mao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiu Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang N, Dong H, Luo Y, Shao B. Th17 Cells in Periodontitis and Its Regulation by A20. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742925. [PMID: 34557201 PMCID: PMC8453085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic disease that results in loss of periodontal ligament and bone resorption. Triggered by pathogens and prolonged inflammation, periodontitis is modulated by the immune system, especially pro-inflammatory cells, such as T helper (Th) 17 cells. Originated from CD4+ Th cells, Th17 cells play a central role for they drive and regulate periodontal inflammation. Cytokines secreted by Th17 cells are also major players in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Given the importance of Th17 cells, modulators of Th17 cells are of great clinical potential and worth of discussion. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the effect of Th17 cells on periodontitis, as well as a brief discussion of current and potential therapies targeting Th17 cells. Lastly, we highlight this article by summarizing the causal relationship between A20 (encoded by TNFAIP3), an anti-inflammatory molecule, and Th17 cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:2619-2664. [PMID: 34269817 PMCID: PMC8286839 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most important transcription factors that controls inducible gene expression as cells attempt to restore homeostasis. It plays critical roles in the immune system, from acute inflammation to the development of secondary lymphoid organs, and also has roles in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given its role in such critical processes, NF-κB signalling must be subject to strict spatiotemporal control to ensure measured and context-specific cellular responses. Indeed, deregulation of NF-κB signalling can result in debilitating and even lethal inflammation and also underpins some forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the homeostatic feedback mechanisms that limit and ‘re-set’ inducible activation of NF-κB. We first describe the key components of the signalling pathways leading to activation of NF-κB, including the prominent role of protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitylation, before briefly introducing the key features of feedback control mechanisms. We then describe the array of negative feedback loops targeting different components of the NF-κB signalling cascade including controls at the receptor level, post-receptor signalosome complexes, direct regulation of the critical ‘inhibitor of κB kinases’ (IKKs) and inhibitory feedforward regulation of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional responses. We also review post-transcriptional feedback controls affecting RNA stability and translation. Finally, we describe the deregulation of these feedback controls in human disease and consider how feedback may be a challenge to the efficacy of inhibitors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Aravilli RK, Vikram SL, Kohila V. The Functional Impact of Alternative Splicing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1014-1029. [PMID: 33001009 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201001142416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics and proteomics aid the identification of genes associated with various diseases. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci as risk alleles for susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). A bisection of RA risk can be attributed to genetic factors. Over 100 associated genetic loci that encompass immune regulatory factors have been found to be linked with RA. Aberrant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and alternative splicing mechanisms in such loci induce RA. These aberrations are viewed as potential therapeutic targets due to their association with a multitude of diseases. This review presents a few imperious genes whose alterations can cause severe bone deformities culminating in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kowshik Aravilli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - S Laveen Vikram
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - V Kohila
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Non-canonical function of DGCR8 in DNA double-strand break repair signaling and tumor radioresistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4033. [PMID: 34188037 PMCID: PMC8242032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), repair proteins are recruited to the damaged sites. Ubiquitin signaling plays a critical role in coordinating protein recruitment during the DNA damage response. Here, we find that the microRNA biogenesis factor DGCR8 promotes tumor resistance to X-ray radiation independently of its Drosha-binding ability. Upon radiation, the kinase ATM and the deubiquitinase USP51 mediate the activation and stabilization of DGCR8 through phosphorylation and deubiquitination. Specifically, radiation-induced ATM-dependent phosphorylation of DGCR8 at serine 677 facilitates USP51 to bind, deubiquitinate, and stabilize DGCR8, which leads to the recruitment of DGCR8 and DGCR8’s binding partner RNF168 to MDC1 and RNF8 at DSBs. This, in turn, promotes ubiquitination of histone H2A, repair of DSBs, and radioresistance. Altogether, these findings reveal the non-canonical function of DGCR8 in DSB repair and suggest that radiation treatment may result in therapy-induced tumor radioresistance through ATM- and USP51-mediated activation and upregulation of DGCR8. The molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance need to be elucidated. In this study, the authors show that the microRNA biogenesis factor DGCR8 is stabilized by USP51 and ATM upon irradiation and by consequence it promotes the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and radioresistance by recruiting RNF168 to sites of damage.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mechanisms That Activate 26S Proteasomes and Enhance Protein Degradation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060779. [PMID: 34067263 PMCID: PMC8224753 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ubiquitination is widely assumed to be the only regulated step in the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, recent studies have demonstrated several important mechanisms that regulate the activities of the 26S proteasome. Most proteasomes in cells are inactive but, upon binding a ubiquitinated substrate, become activated by a two-step mechanism requiring an association of the ubiquitin chain with Usp14 and then a loosely folded protein domain with the ATPases. The initial activation step is signaled by Usp14’s UBL domain, and many UBL-domain-containing proteins (e.g., Rad23, Parkin) also activate the proteasome. ZFAND5 is a distinct type of activator that binds ubiquitin conjugates and the proteasome and stimulates proteolysis during muscle atrophy. The proteasome’s activities are also regulated through subunit phosphorylation. Agents that raise cAMP and activate PKA stimulate within minutes Rpn6 phosphorylation and enhance the selective degradation of short-lived proteins. Likewise, hormones, fasting, and exercise, which raise cAMP, activate proteasomes and proteolysis in target tissues. Agents that raise cGMP and activate PKG also stimulate 26S activities but modify different subunit(s) and stimulate also the degradation of long-lived cell proteins. Both kinases enhance the selective degradation of aggregation-prone proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases. These new mechanisms regulating proteolysis thus have clear physiological importance and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
27
|
Meng Z, Xu R, Xie L, Wu Y, He Q, Gao P, He X, Chen Q, Xie Q, Zhang J, Yang Q. A20/Nrdp1 interaction alters the inflammatory signaling profile by mediating K48- and K63-linked polyubiquitination of effectors MyD88 and TBK1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100811. [PMID: 34023381 PMCID: PMC8233150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 is a potent anti-inflammatory protein that mediates both inflammation and ubiquitination in mammals, but the related mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we performed mass spectrometry (MS) screening, gene ontology (GO) analysis, and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cell model to identify novel A20-interacting proteins. We confirmed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1, also known as ring finger protein 41 (RNF41), interacted with A20 in LPS-stimulated cells. Further co-IP analysis demonstrated that when A20 was knocked out, degradation-inducing K48-linked ubiquitination of inflammatory effector MyD88 was decreased, but protein interaction-mediating K63-linked ubiquitination of another inflammatory effector TBK1 was increased. Moreover, western blot experiments showed that A20 inhibition induced an increase in levels of MyD88 and phosphorylation of downstream effector proteins as well as of TBK1 and a downstream effector, while Nrdp1 inhibition induced an increase in MyD88 but a decrease in TBK1 levels. When A20 and Nrdp1 were coinhibited, no further change in MyD88 was observed, but TBK1 levels were significantly decreased compared with those upon A20 inhibition alone. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses revealed that the ZnF4 domain of A20 is required for Nrdp1 polyubiquitination. Upon LPS stimulation, the inhibition of Nrdp1 alone increased the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α but decreased IFN-β secretion, as observed in other studies, suggesting that Nrdp1 preferentially promotes the production of IFN-β. Taken together, these results demonstrated that A20/Nrdp1 interaction is important for A20 anti-inflammation, thus revealing a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of A20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyou Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lexing Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
DNA double-strand break repair: Putting zinc fingers on the sore spot. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
29
|
Petrova T, Zhang J, Nanda SK, Figueras-Vadillo C, Cohen P. HOIL-1-catalysed ester-linked ubiquitylation restricts IL-18 signaling in cytotoxic T cells but promotes TLR signalling in macrophages. FEBS J 2021; 288:5909-5924. [PMID: 33932090 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The atypical E3 ligase HOIL-1 forms ester bonds between ubiquitin and serine/threonine residues in proteins, but the physiological roles of this unusual modification are unknown. We now report that IL-18 signalling leading to the production of interferon γ (IFNγ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is enhanced in cytotoxic T cells from knock-in mice expressing the E3 ligase-inactive HOIL-1[C458S] mutant, demonstrating that the formation of HOIL-1-catalysed ester-linked ubiquitin bonds restricts the activation of this pathway. We show that the interaction of IRAK2 with TRAF6 is required for IL-18-stimulated IFN-γ and GM-CSF production, and that the increased production of these cytokines in cytotoxic T cells from HOIL-1[C458S] mice correlates with an increase in both the number and size of the Lys63/Met1-linked hybrid ubiquitin chains attached to IRAK2 in these cells. In contrast, the secretion of IL-12 and IL-6 and the formation of il-12 and il-6 mRNA induced in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by prolonged stimulation with TLR-activating ligands that signal via myddosomes, which also requires the interaction of IRAK2 with TRAF6, were not increased but modestly reduced in HOIL-1[C458S] BMDM. The decreased production of these cytokines correlated with reduced ubiquitylation of IRAK2. Our results establish that changes in HOIL-1-catalysed ester-linked ubiquitylation can promote or reduce cytokine production depending on the ligand, receptor and immune cell and may be explained by differences in the ubiquitylation of IRAK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetana Petrova
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Sambit K Nanda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Clara Figueras-Vadillo
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shi Y, Wang X, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang L. The dual roles of A20 in cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:26-35. [PMID: 33933552 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a prototypical anti-inflammatory molecule that is linked to multiple human diseases, including cancers. The role of A20 as a tumor suppressor was first discovered in B cell lymphomas. Subsequent studies revealed the dual roles of A20 in solid cancers. This review focuses on the roles of A20 in different cancer types to demonstrate that the effects of A20 are cancer type-dependent. A20 plays antitumor roles in colorectal carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas A20 acts as an oncogene in breast cancers, gastric cancers and melanomas. Moreover, the roles of A20 in the setting of glioma therapy are context-dependent. The action mechanisms of A20 in different types of cancer are summarized. Additionally, the role of A20 in antitumor immunity is discussed. Furthermore, some open questions in this rapidly advancing field are proposed. Exploration of the actions and molecular mechanisms of A20 in cancer paves the way for the application of A20-targeting approaches in future cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liang X, Cao Y, Li C, Yu H, Yang C, Liu H. MALT1 as a promising target to treat lymphoma and other diseases related to MALT1 anomalies. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2388-2422. [PMID: 33763890 DOI: 10.1002/med.21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) is a key adaptor protein that regulates the NF-κB pathway, in which MALT1 functions as a scaffold protein and protease to trigger downstream signals. The abnormal expression of MALT1 is closely associated with lymphomagenesis and other diseases, including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. MALT1 is the only protease in the underlying pathogenesis of these diseases, and its proteolytic activity can be pharmacologically regulated. Therefore, MALT1 is a potential and promising target for anti-lymphoma and other MALT1-related disease treatments. Currently, the development of MALT1 inhibitors is still in its early stages. This review presents an overview of MALT1, particularly its X-ray structures and biological functions, and elaborates on the pathogenesis of diseases associated with its dysregulation. We then summarize previously reported MALT1 inhibitors, focusing on their molecular structure, biological activity, structure-activity relationship, and limitations. Finally, we propose future research directions to accelerate the discovery of novel MALT1 inhibitors with clinical applications. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of MALT1-related research advances and serves as a theoretical basis for drug discovery and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - YiChun Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunpu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haolan Yu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cockram PE, Kist M, Prakash S, Chen SH, Wertz IE, Vucic D. Ubiquitination in the regulation of inflammatory cell death and cancer. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:591-605. [PMID: 33432113 PMCID: PMC7798376 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin system is complex, multifaceted, and is crucial for the modulation of a vast number of cellular processes. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated at different levels by a range of enzymes including E1s, E2s, and E3s, and an array of DUBs. The UPS directs protein degradation through the proteasome, and regulates a wide array of cellular processes including transcription and epigenetic factors as well as key oncoproteins. Ubiquitination is key to the dynamic regulation of programmed cell death. Notably, the TNF signaling pathway is controlled by competing ubiquitin conjugation and deubiquitination, which governs both proteasomal degradation and signaling complex formation. In the inflammatory response, ubiquitination is capable of both activating and dampening inflammasome activation through the control of either protein stability, complex formation, or, in some cases, directly affecting receptor activity. In this review, we discuss the enzymes and targets in the ubiquitin system that regulate fundamental cellular processes regulating cell death, and inflammation, as well as disease consequences resulting from their dysregulation. Finally, we highlight several pre-clinical and clinical compounds that regulate ubiquitin system enzymes, with the aim of restoring homeostasis and ameliorating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Cockram
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Departments of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Matthias Kist
- Departments of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sumit Prakash
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Si-Han Chen
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA. .,Departments of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Departments of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Çetin G, Klafack S, Studencka-Turski M, Krüger E, Ebstein F. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Immune Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010060. [PMID: 33466553 PMCID: PMC7824874 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the major intracellular and non-lysosomal protein degradation system. Thanks to its unique capacity of eliminating old, damaged, misfolded, and/or regulatory proteins in a highly specific manner, the UPS is virtually involved in almost all aspects of eukaryotic life. The critical importance of the UPS is particularly visible in immune cells which undergo a rapid and profound functional remodelling upon pathogen recognition. Innate and/or adaptive immune activation is indeed characterized by a number of substantial changes impacting various cellular processes including protein homeostasis, signal transduction, cell proliferation, and antigen processing which are all tightly regulated by the UPS. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the UPS contributes to the generation of an adequate immune response. In this regard, we also discuss the consequences of UPS dysfunction and its role in the pathogenesis of recently described immune disorders including cancer and auto-inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu MP, Xu XS, Zhou Q, Deuitch N, Lu MP. Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20): updates on the genetics, phenotype, pathogenesis and treatment. World J Pediatr 2020; 16:575-584. [PMID: 31587140 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A20, a protein encoded by the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 gene (TNFAIP3), plays a vital role in the negative regulation of inflammation and immunity. Loss-of-function mutation in TNFAIP3 leads to a new described autoinflammatory disease-haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20). Since HA20 was first described in 2016, a number of new cases have been described in this literature, however, the disease and its pathogenesis are poorly understood. This review seeks to improve clinical recognition of this disorder, and promote both earlier diagnosis and initiation of targeted therapies to improve patients' outcomes. METHODS We reviewed 26 papers about A20 and HA20, and we summarized genetic variants and clinical manifestations of a total of 61 reported patients from 26 families identified to have a genetic diagnosis of germline pathogenic variants in TNFAIP3/A20. Additionally, we discussed the pathogenesis and treatment of HA20. RESULTS A total of 24 pathogenic variants of A20 had been reported. There was significant clinical heterogeneity, even among those with the same variants in TNFAIP3. Prior to receiving a molecular diagnosis of HA20, patients had been diagnosed with Behcet's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and even adult-onset Stills' disease. The patients with HA20 that presented with inflammatory signatures in NF-κB signaling were mostly responsive to treatment. CONCLUSIONS HA20 is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease with highly variable clinical manifestations. This extensive heterogeneity makes it difficult to set a clinical diagnostic criteria, and genetic sequencing is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of HA20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ping Yu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Xu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Mei-Ping Lu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Razani B, Malynn BA, Ma A. Preserving immune homeostasis with A20. Adv Immunol 2020; 148:1-48. [PMID: 33190732 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A20/TNFAIP3 is a TNF induced gene that plays a profound role in preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis (Lee, et al., 2000; Opipari etal., 1990). This protein has been linked to multiple human diseases via genetic, epigenetic, and an emerging series of patients with mono-allelic coding mutations. Diverse cellular functions of this pleiotropically expressed protein include immune-suppressive, anti-inflammatory, and cell protective functions. The A20 protein regulates ubiquitin dependent cell signals; however, the biochemical mechanisms by which it performs these functions is surprisingly complex. Deciphering these cellular and biochemical facets of A20 dependent biology should greatly improve our understanding of murine and human disease pathophysiology as well as unveil new mechanisms of cell and tissue biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Razani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Barbara A Malynn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Essential role of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex and TAK1 kinase in A20 mutant Hodgkin lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28980-28991. [PMID: 33139544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014470117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 70% of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases display inactivation of TNFAIP3 (A20), a ubiquitin-editing protein that regulates nonproteolytic protein ubiquitination, indicating the significance of protein ubiquitination in HL pathogenesis. However, the precise mechanistic roles of A20 and the ubiquitination system remain largely unknown in this disease. Here, we performed high-throughput CRISPR screening using a ubiquitin regulator-focused single-guide RNA library in HL lines carrying either wild-type or mutant A20. Our CRISPR screening highlights the essential oncogenic role of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) in HL lines, which overlaps with A20 inactivation status. Mechanistically, LUBAC promotes IKK/NF-κB activity and NEMO linear ubiquitination in A20 mutant HL cells, which is required for prosurvival genes and immunosuppressive molecule expression. As a tumor suppressor, A20 directly inhibits IKK activation and HL cell survival via its C-terminal linear-ubiquitin binding ZF7. Clinically, LUBAC activity is consistently elevated in most primary HL cases, and this is correlated with high NF-κB activity and low A20 expression. To further understand the complete mechanism of NF-κB activation in A20 mutant HL, we performed a specifically designed CD83-based NF-κB CRISPR screen which led us to identify TAK1 kinase as a major mediator for NF-κB activation in cells dependent on LUBAC, where the LUBAC-A20 axis regulates TAK1 and IKK complex formation. Finally, TAK1 inhibitor Takinib shows promising activity against HL in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Altogether, these findings provide strong support that targeting LUBAC or TAK1 could be attractive therapeutic strategies in A20 mutant HL.
Collapse
|
37
|
Priem D, van Loo G, Bertrand MJM. A20 and Cell Death-driven Inflammation. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:421-435. [PMID: 32241683 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule, and mutations in TNFAIP3, the gene encoding A20, are associated with a wide panel of inflammatory pathologies, both in human and mouse. The anti-inflammatory properties of A20 are commonly attributed to its ability to suppress inflammatory NF-κB signaling by functioning as a ubiquitin-editing enzyme. However, A20 also protects cells from death, independently of NF-κB regulation, and recent work has demonstrated that cell death may drive some of the inflammatory conditions caused by A20 deficiency. Adding to the fact that the protective role of A20 does not primarily rely on its catalytic activities, these findings shed new light on A20 biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Priem
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim T, Bae SC, Kang C. Synergistic activation of NF-κB by TNFAIP3 (A20) reduction and UBE2L3 (UBCH7) augment that synergistically elevate lupus risk. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:93. [PMID: 32334614 PMCID: PMC7183688 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease. SLE susceptibility is affected by multiple genetic elements, environmental factors, and their interactions. We aimed in this study to statistically and functionally characterize a gene-gene interaction (epistasis) recently documented to affect SLE risk. Methods Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2230926 in TNFAIP3 (A20) gene and rs131654 in UBE2L3 (UBCH7) gene, were genotyped in all 3525 Korean participants, and their SLE risk association and epistasis were statistically analyzed by calculating odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and P values in genotype comparisons between 1318 SLE patients and 2207 healthy controls. Furthermore, their effects on gene functions were assessed by comparatively examining separate and combined effects of TNFAIP3 and UBE2L3 knockdowns on NF-κB transcription factor activity in human cells. Results SLE susceptibility is associated with TNFAIP3 rs2230926 (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.4, P = 8.6 × 10−11) and UBE2L3 rs131654 (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4, P = 1.1 × 10−4) in a Korean population of this study. Their risk-associated alleles synergistically elevate SLE susceptibility in both multivariate logistic regression analysis (ORinteraction = 1.6, P = 0.0028) and genotype-stratified analysis (ORinteraction = 2.4), confirming the synergistic TNFAIP3-UBE2L3 interaction in SLE risk. Additionally, the SLE-susceptible alleles confer decreased TNFAIP3 expression (P = 1.1 × 10−6, n = 610) and increased UBE2L3 expression (P = 9.5 × 10−11, n = 475), respectively, in B cell analysis of the International HapMap Project individuals with adjustment for ethnicity. Furthermore, when compared with TNFAIP3 non-knockdown and UBE2L3 knockdown in human HeLa cells, TNFAIP3 knockdown and UBE2L3 non-knockdown synergistically increase three cytokines, CCL2, CXCL8 (IL8), and IL6, all regulated by NF-κB in the human TNFR signaling pathway. Conclusions A synergistic interaction between TNFAIP3 and UBE2L3 genes is observed in SLE risk, as being evident in comparison of genotype distributions between SLE patients and controls. Additionally, the synergistic gene-gene interaction is functionally validated, as TNFAIP3 reduction and UBE2L3 augment exert synergism in activation of NF-κB and subsequent induction of inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, SLE inflammation and risk could be synergistically alleviated by TNFAIP3 upregulation and UBE2L3 downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehyeung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hayashi K, Kataoka H, Minami M, Ikedo T, Miyata T, Shimizu K, Nagata M, Yang T, Yamamoto Y, Yokode M, Miyamoto S. Association of zinc administration with growth suppression of intracranial aneurysms via induction of A20. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:992-998. [PMID: 32217803 DOI: 10.3171/2020.1.jns192047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zinc is an essential micronutrient with multiple biological effects, including antiinflammation. Previously, the authors demonstrated that the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is strongly related to chronic inflammation. In this study, the authors investigated whether administration of zinc inhibits the growth of IAs in a rat model. METHODS The authors analyzed surgically induced IAs in Sprague-Dawley male rats, which were subsequently treated with intraperitoneal injections of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4; 3 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4 weeks. RESULTS Size and wall thickness ratios of experimentally induced IAs were assessed in both treatment groups after induction and in a control group. The effects of zinc administration in IAs were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Zinc administration significantly suppressed aneurysm size and also preserved the internal elastic lumen. Administration of zinc significantly attenuated infiltration of macrophages into IAs. CONCLUSIONS Zinc treatment significantly increased expression of the antiinflammatory signaling protein A20, an inhibitor of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, in rat IAs. Zinc administration may prevent the growth of rat IAs by inducing A20-attributed inactivation of NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hayashi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Minami
- 2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Nagata
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tao Yang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- 2Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Razani B, Whang MI, Kim FS, Nakamura MC, Sun X, Advincula R, Turnbaugh JA, Pendse M, Tanbun P, Achacoso P, Turnbaugh PJ, Malynn BA, Ma A. Non-catalytic ubiquitin binding by A20 prevents psoriatic arthritis-like disease and inflammation. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:422-433. [PMID: 32205880 PMCID: PMC7195210 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A20 is an anti-inflammatory protein that is strongly linked to human disease. Here, we find that mice expressing three distinct targeted mutations of A20's zinc finger 7 (ZF7) ubiquitin-binding motif uniformly developed digit arthritis with features common to psoriatic arthritis, while mice expressing point mutations in A20's OTU or ZF4 motifs did not exhibit this phenotype. Arthritis in A20ZF7 mice required T cells and MyD88, was exquisitely sensitive to tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17A, and persisted in germ-free conditions. A20ZF7 cells exhibited prolonged IκB kinase activity that drove exaggerated transcription of late-phase nuclear factor-κB response genes in vitro and in prediseased mouse paws in vivo. In addition, mice expressing double-mutant A20 proteins in A20's ZF4 and ZF7 motifs died perinatally with multi-organ inflammation. Therefore, A20's ZF4 and ZF7 motifs synergistically prevent inflammatory disease in a non-catalytic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Razani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael I Whang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francis S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary C Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rommel Advincula
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessie A Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mihir Pendse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Priscilia Tanbun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip Achacoso
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Malynn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Two distinct ubiquitin-binding motifs in A20 mediate its anti-inflammatory and cell-protective activities. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:381-387. [PMID: 32205881 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination regulates protein stability and modulates the composition of signaling complexes. A20 is a negative regulator of inflammatory signaling, but the molecular mechanisms involved are ill understood. Here, we generated Tnfaip3 gene-targeted A20 mutant mice bearing inactivating mutations in the zinc finger 7 (ZnF7) and ZnF4 ubiquitin-binding domains, revealing that binding to polyubiquitin is essential for A20 to suppress inflammatory disease. We demonstrate that a functional ZnF7 domain was required for recruiting A20 to the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling complex and to suppress inflammatory signaling and cell death. The combined inactivation of ZnF4 and ZnF7 phenocopied the postnatal lethality and severe multiorgan inflammation of A20-deficient mice. Conditional tissue-specific expression of mutant A20 further revealed the key role of ubiquitin-binding in myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective functions of A20 are largely dependent on its ubiquitin-binding properties.
Collapse
|
42
|
Felwick RK, Dingley GJR, Martinez-Nunez R, Sanchez-Elsner T, Cummings JRF, Collins JE. MicroRNA23a Overexpression in Crohn's Disease Targets Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitor Protein 3, Increasing Sensitivity to TNF and Modifying the Epithelial Barrier. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:381-392. [PMID: 31626694 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mucosal healing is important in Crohn's disease therapies. Epithelial homeostasis becomes dysregulated in Crohn's, with increased permeability, inflammation, and diarrhoea. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and show changes in inflammatory bowel disease. Tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNFα] inhibitor protein 3 is raised in Crohn's and regulates TNFα-mediated activation of NFκB. We investigated TNFα regulation by microRNA in Crohn's disease [CD], and studied effects on epithelial permeability and inflammation. METHODS Colonic epithelium from CD and healthy donor biopsies was isolated using laser capture microdissection, and microRNA was quantified. Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor protein 3 was characterised immunohistochemically on serial sections. Expression effect of microRNA was confirmed with luciferase reporter assays. Functional barrier permeability studies and innate cytokine release were investigated with cell and explant culture studies. RESULTS MicroRNA23a levels significantly increased in colonic Crohn's epithelium compared with healthy epithelium. Luciferase reporter assays in transfected epithelial cells confirmed that microRNA23a repressed expression via the 3' untranslated region of tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor protein 3 mRNA, coinciding with increased NFκB-mediated transcription. Immunohistochemical staining of TNFAIP3 protein in colonic biopsies was reduced or absent in adjacent Crohn's sections, correlating inversely with microRNA23a levels and encompassing some intercohort variation. Overexpression of microRNA23a increased epithelial barrier permeability in a colonic epithelial model and increased inflammatory cytokine release in cultured explant biopsies, mimicking Crohn's disease characteristics. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA23a overexpression in colonic Crohn's epithelium represses tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor protein 3, enhancing sensitivity to TNFα, with increased intestinal permeability and cytokine release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Felwick
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK.,Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Geraint J R Dingley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Rocio Martinez-Nunez
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK.,MRC-Asthma UK Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - J R Fraser Cummings
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK.,Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane E Collins
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li X, Shang D, Shen H, Song J, Hao G, Tian Y. ZSCAN16 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer via regulating NF-kB, AKT, mTOR, P38 and other genes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110066. [PMID: 32172065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most common genitourinary malignancies worldwide, bladder cancer affects about 3.4 million people globally, with 430,000 new cases a year since 2015. Despite the advances in bladder cancer diagnosis and therapy, there has been little progress in the patients' overall survival in nearly 30 years. Therefore, investigating novel molecular therapeutic targets is required to gain insight into the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer, which ultimately may be used to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. METHODS Herein, we used gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo to unveil the unknown roles of ZSCAN16 in bladder cancer. Afterward, to decipher the unknown regulatory role of ZSCAN16 in tumor progression, we verified that a bunch of genes including NF-κB, AKT, mTOR, and P38 were the key downstream regulators of ZSCAN16 by western blot and rescue experiments. RESULTS We found high expression of ZSCAN16 transcripts in bladder cancer cells and tumor samples from the TCGA database and tissue microarray bank, demonstrated in correlation with poor prognosis for bladder cancer patients. The in vitro experiments indicated that the silencing of ZSCAN16 by shRNA lentivirus promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, colony formation, as well as migration and invasion in T24 cells. By investigating the signaling pathways, we proved ZSCAN16 play a novel role as oncogenic gene in bladder cancer by regulating NF-κB, AKT, mTOR, P38 and other genes. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments identified that ZSCAN16 knockdown retarded the tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings revealed that ZSCAN16 is a potential novel oncogene in the development and progression of bladder cancer. This study will shed light on developing novel therapeutic targets in the future treatment of bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhao Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Donghao Shang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Hongliang Shen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Gangyue Hao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bader V, Winklhofer KF. Mitochondria at the interface between neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 99:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
45
|
Martín-Vicente M, González-Sanz R, Cuesta I, Monzón S, Resino S, Martínez I. Downregulation of A20 Expression Increases the Immune Response and Apoptosis and Reduces Virus Production in Cells Infected by the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010100. [PMID: 32102364 PMCID: PMC7157707 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults. Regulation of the immune response against HRSV is crucial to limiting virus replication and immunopathology. The A20/TNFAIP3 protein is a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors 3/7 (IRF3/7), which are key transcription factors involved in the inflammatory/antiviral response of epithelial cells to virus infection. Here, we investigated the impact of A20 downregulation or knockout on HRSV growth and the induction of the immune response in those cells. Cellular infections in which the expression of A20 was silenced by siRNAs or eliminated by gene knockout showed increased inflammatory/antiviral response and reduced virus production. Similar results were obtained when the expression of A20-interacting proteins, such as TAX1BP1 and ABIN1, was silenced. Additionally, downregulation of A20, TAX1BP1, and ABIN1 increased cell apoptosis in HRSV-infected cells. These results show that the downregulation of A20 expression might contribute in the control of HRSV infections by potentiating the early innate immune response and increasing apoptosis in infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-V.); (R.G.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Rubén González-Sanz
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-V.); (R.G.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Isabel Cuesta
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (I.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Monzón
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (I.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-V.); (R.G.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-V.); (R.G.-S.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-8223272; Fax: +34-91-5097919
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Daems C, Sékulic M, Vulsteke V, van Loo G, D’Hooge R, Callaerts-Végh Z, Callaerts P. A20/ TNFAIP3 heterozygosity predisposes to behavioral symptoms in a mouse model for neuropsychiatric lupus. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 2:100018. [PMID: 38377433 PMCID: PMC8474646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) refers to the neurological and psychiatric manifestations that are commonly observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An important question regarding the pathogenesis of NPSLE is whether the symptoms are caused primarily by CNS-intrinsic mechanisms or develop as a consequence of systemic autoimmunity. Currently used spontaneous mouse models for SLE have already contributed significantly to unraveling how systemic immunity affects the CNS. However, they are less suited when interested in CNS primary mechanisms. In addition, none of these models are based on genes that are associated with SLE. In this study, we evaluate the influence of A20, a well-known susceptibility locus for SLE, on behavior and CNS-associated changes in inflammatory markers. Furthermore, given the importance of environmental triggers for disease onset and progression, the influence of an acute immunological challenge was evaluated. Methods Female and male A20 heterozygous mice (A20+/-) and wildtype littermates were tested in an extensive behavioral battery. This was done at the age of 10±2weeks and 24 ± 2 weeks to evaluate the impact of aging. To investigate the contribution of an acute immunological challenge, LPS was injected intracerebroventricularly at the age of 10±2weeks followed by behavioral analysis. Underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated in gene expression assays on hippocampus and cortex. White blood cell count and blood-brain barrier permeability were analyzed to determine whether peripheral inflammation is a relevant factor. Results A20 heterozygosity predisposes to cognitive symptoms that were observed at the age of 10 ± 2 weeks and 24 ± 2 weeks. Young A20+/- males and females showed a subtle cognitive phenotype (10±2weeks) with distinct neuroinflammatory phenotypes. Aging was associated with clear neuroinflammation in female A20+/- mice only. The genetic predisposition in combination with an environmental stimulus exacerbates the behavioral impairments related to anxiety, cognitive dysfunction and sensorimotor gating. This was predominantly observed in females. Furthermore, signs of neuroinflammation were solely observed in female A20+/- mice. All above observations were made in the absence of peripheral inflammation and of changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, thus consistent with the CNS-primary hypothesis. Conclusions We show that A20 heterozygosity is a predisposing factor for NPSLE. Further mechanistic insight and possible therapeutic interventions can be studied in this mouse model that recapitulates several key hallmarks of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Daems
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Sékulic
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V. Vulsteke
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. van Loo
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - R. D’Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - P. Callaerts
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 regulates synapse remodeling and efficacy. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146569. [PMID: 31783001 PMCID: PMC9255268 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and its reverse process, deubiquitination, play essential roles in neural development, function, and plasticity. A20, a ubiquitin editing enzyme that can remove K63-polyubiquitin chains from substrates and attach K48-polyubiquitin chains to them, is a critical component in the NF-κB signaling pathway in the immune system. This dual ubiquitin enzyme is also present in mammalian brains, but its potential role in neurons and synapses is unknown. We show that A20 in pyramidal neurons potently regulates dendritic arborization, spine morphogenesis, and synaptic transmission through an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. In cultured hippocampal neurons, overexpression of A20 reduced dendritic complexity and spine size and density, whereas A20 knockdown increased spine size and density, as well as clustering of the postsynaptic scaffold PSD-95 and glutamate receptor subunit GluA1. A20 effects in vitro were recapitulated in vivo where increasing or decreasing A20 expression in mouse brains reduced and enhanced spine density, respectively. Functionally, A20 knockdown significantly increased the amplitude, but not frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, suggesting a role in postsynaptic efficacy. A20 negatively regulated NF-κB activation in neurons and A20 mutants deficient in either the deubiquitinase or the ubiquitin ligase activity failed to suppress NF-κB activation or reduce spine morphogenesis. Finally, selective inhibition of NF-κB abolished A20 knockdown-elicited spine formation, suggesting that A20 exerts its modulation on synapses through NF-κB signaling. Together, our study reveals a previously unknown role for A20, the only known ubiquitin editing enzyme with both deubiquitinase and ubiquitin ligase activity, in dendritic arborization, spine remodeling, and synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
|
48
|
Martens A, van Loo G. A20 at the Crossroads of Cell Death, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036418. [PMID: 31427375 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a potent anti-inflammatory protein, acting by inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and inflammatory gene expression and/or by preventing cell death. Mutations in the A20/TNFAIP3 gene have been associated with a plethora of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies in humans and in mice. Although the anti-inflammatory role of A20 is well accepted, fundamental mechanistic questions regarding its mode of action remain unclear. Here, we review new findings that further clarify the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which A20 controls inflammatory signaling and cell death, and discuss new evidence for its involvement in inflammatory and autoimmune disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cohen P, Kelsall IR, Nanda SK, Zhang J. HOIL-1, an atypical E3 ligase that controls MyD88 signalling by forming ester bonds between ubiquitin and components of the Myddosome. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100666. [PMID: 31615747 PMCID: PMC7132539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Components of bacteria and viruses activate Toll-Like Receptors in host cells, triggering the formation of the Myddosome and a signalling network that culminates in the production and release of the inflammatory mediators required to combat pathogenic infection. The Myddosome initiates signalling by recruiting and activating five E3 ligases that generate hybrid ubiquitin chains and attach them to components of the Myddosome. These ubiquitin chains act as a scaffold for the recruitment and activation of ubiquitin-binding proteins, which include the "master" protein kinases TAK1 and IKKβ that drive inflammatory mediator production, as well as other proteins like ABIN1 and A20 that restrict activation of the network to prevent the overproduction of these substances that can lead to autoimmunity and organ damage. Here we review recent developments in our understanding of this network, focusing on the unexpected discovery that the E3 ligase HOIL-1 initiates the formation of hybrid ubiquitin chains by forming an ester bond between the first ubiquitin and the protein components of the Myddosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian R Kelsall
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sambit K Nanda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The function and regulation of OTU deubiquitinases. Front Med 2019; 14:542-563. [PMID: 31884527 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin regulates numerous cellular processes, including cell division, immune responses, and apoptosis. Ubiquitin-mediated control over these processes can be reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from target proteins and depolymerize polyubiquitin chains. Recently, much progress has been made in the DUBs. In humans, the ovarian tumor protease (OTU) subfamily of DUBs includes 16 members, most of which mediate cell signaling cascades. These OTUs show great variation in structure and function, which display a series of mechanistic features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of current progress in character, structure and function of OTUs, such as the substrate specificity and catalytic activity regulation. Then we discuss the relationship between some diseases and OTUs. Finally, we summarize the structure of viral OTUs and their function in immune escape and viral survival. Despite the challenges, OTUs might provide new therapeutic targets, due to their involvement in key regulatory processes.
Collapse
|