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Silbereisen A, Lira-Junior R, Åkerman S, Klinge B, Boström EA, Bostanci N. Association of salivary TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 inflammatory markers with non-communicable diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1467-1475. [PMID: 37524498 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) and peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) are elevated in biofluids in the presence of various inflammatory conditions. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effect of age, sex, smoking and different oral and systemic non-communicable diseases on the levels of TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 in saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 445 individuals (mean age 48.7 ± 16.9 years, female:male 51%:49%) were included. All provided self-reported information on smoking and systemic diseases and whole stimulated saliva. Periodontal and cariological parameters were recorded. Salivary levels of TREM-1, PGLYRP1 and total protein were measured using commercially available assays. RESULTS Salivary TREM-1 levels were significantly higher in stages III-IV periodontitis compared to other periodontal diagnoses (p < .05). Smoking, bleeding on probing (BOP), percentage of pockets ≥4 mm and the number of manifest caries were associated with TREM-1 (p < .05), while sex, BOP, number of manifest caries and muscle and joint diseases were associated with PGLYRP1 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Salivary TREM-1 is associated with periodontitis and caries, while PGLYRP1 is associated with gingival inflammation and caries. Additionally, TREM-1 levels are modified by smoking, while PGLYRP1 is modified by sex and muscle and joint diseases. TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 in saliva could serve as potential biomarkers for detecting and monitoring non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronaldo Lira-Junior
- Section of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigvard Åkerman
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Klinge
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth A Boström
- Section of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yakar N, Emingil G, Türedi A, Şahin Ç, Köse T, Bostanci N, Silbereisen A. Value of gingival crevicular fluid TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β levels during menopause. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1052-1060. [PMID: 37529985 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of GCF TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β levels with periodontal health in pre- and postmenopausal women. BACKGROUND Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), activated through its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), stimulates proinflammatory cytokine production, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, during periodontal inflammation. Postmenopausal changes may modulate these immune-inflammatory functions. No clinical study has yet investigated the effect of menopause on TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 148 women (age range = 35-65 years), divided into postmenopausal women (PMW) (n = 76, mean age = 54 ± 5 years) and regularly menstruating premenopausal women (RMPW) (n = 72, mean age = 40 ± 4 years). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β levels were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pearson's Chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney-U test were used to compare categorical and numerical variables, respectively. Spearman's Rho correlation analysis was used to test the linear relationship between variables. Analyte level data were categorized based on the periodontal diagnosis and menopause status (2 × 2 nonparametric factorial ANOVA). RESULTS No significant differences in TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β levels between PMW and RMPW were observed (p > .05). Mean values of periodontal indexes including probing depth did not differ significantly between PMW and RMPW groups (p = .474). TREM-1 levels were significantly higher in both PMW and RMPW with periodontitis, compared to gingivitis or health (p = .0021). CONCLUSION Menopause-related changes have no observable effect on GCF levels of TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β. Higher GCF TREM-1 levels in women with periodontitis regardless of their menopausal status indicate that TREM-1 may be an indicator for periodontitis both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Yakar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Asena Türedi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Şahin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor levels in patients with stage 3 grade C periodontitis: a comparative cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21267. [PMID: 36481656 PMCID: PMC9732338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is an anti-protease that protects mucosal tissue integrity owing to its anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate SLPI levels in periodontal diseases, and analyze the potential correlation with clinical periodontal parameters. Whole saliva samples were obtained from healthy (n = 24), gingivitis (n = 24) and patients with stage 3 grade C periodontitis (n = 24). SLPI was measured by ELISA and normalized by total protein. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). The normalized SLPI levels were significantly reduced in periodontitis compared with gingivitis (4.84-fold) or health (1.83-fold) and negatively correlated with periodontal parameters. The ROC curves showed a good predictor value of the SLPI for differentiation of periodontitis versus health or gingivitis (AUC ≥ 0.80). This study demonstrates that the levels of SLPI are high in periodontal health, further elevated in gingivitis, but eventually decreased in severe periodontitis beyond the former two states. This observation may have broader implications in the context of inflammatory diseases affecting the oral mucosa, as it shows that the bacterial burden is disturbing the homeostatic balances of anti-microbial and anti-protease factors in the oral cavity.
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Rathnayake N, Gustafsson A, Sorsa T, Norhammar A, Bostanci N. Association of peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 to post-myocardial infarction and periodontal inflammation: A subgroup report from the PAROKRANK (Periodontal Disease and the Relation to Myocardial Infarction) study. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1325-1335. [PMID: 35344208 PMCID: PMC9796725 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) is an antimicrobial and proinflammatory innate immunity protein activated during infections. We aimed to investigate whether PGYLRP1 and associated molecules of the immune response in saliva is a cumulative outcome result of both MI and periodontal inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred patients with MI and another 200 matched non-MI controls were included. A full-mouthexamination was conducted to assess periodontal inflammation and collection of stimulated saliva was performed 6 to 10 weeks after the first MI. PGLYRP1, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were analyzed by ELISA. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels were determined by IFMA. Compared to controls, MI patients showed higher salivary PGLYRP1, but not TREM-1 levels. The difference in PGLYRP1 levels remained after adjustment for covariates. In MI patients, the PGLYRP1 levels positively correlated with BOP and PPD 4 to 5 mm. Among non-MI subjects, the levels of PGLYRP1 correlated positively and significantly with BOP and total PPD. Salivary PGLYRP1 concentrations also showed strong positive correlations with levels of TREM-1, IL-1β and MMP-8. In multivariate linear regression analysis, in MI patients, BOP and former smokingstatus displayed an association with salivary PGLYRP1 concentration. CONCLUSION MI patients showed higher salivary PGLYRP1 levels than healthy controls, also after adjusting for smoking, sex, age and periodontal health status. Salivary levels of PGLYRP1 may reflect the overall inflammatory burden to chronic bacterial exposure, possibly underpinning the observed associations between periodontitis and exposure with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilminie Rathnayake
- Section of Oral Health and PeriodontologyDivision of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden,University of HelsinkiHelsinki University Central HospitalDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anders Gustafsson
- Section of Oral Health and PeriodontologyDivision of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Timo Sorsa
- University of HelsinkiHelsinki University Central HospitalDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anna Norhammar
- Cardiology UnitDepartment of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital SolnaStockholmSweden,Capio Saint Göran's HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and PeriodontologyDivision of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
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Han X, Han J, Wang N, Ji G, Guo R, Li J, Wu H, Ma S, Fang P, Song X. Identification of Auxiliary Biomarkers and Description of the Immune Microenvironmental Characteristics in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by Bioinformatical Analysis and Experiment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:891670. [PMID: 35720684 PMCID: PMC9204148 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.891670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic muscle disorder characterized by progressive muscle wasting associated with persistent inflammation. In this study, we aimed to identify auxiliary biomarkers and further characterize the immune microenvironment in DMD. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between DMD and normal muscle tissues based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Bioinformatical analysis was used to screen and identify potential diagnostic signatures of DMD which were further validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). We also performed single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to characterize the proportion of tissue-infiltrating immune cells to determine the inflammatory state of DMD. Results In total, 182 downregulated genes and 263 upregulated genes were identified in DMD. C3, SPP1, TMSB10, TYROBP were regarded as adjunct biomarkers and successfully validated by RT-qPCR. The infiltration of macrophages, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in DMD compared with normal muscle tissues, while the infiltration of activated B cells, CD56dim natural killer cells, and type 17 T helper (Th17) cells was lower. In addition, the four biomarkers (C3, SPP1, TMSB10, TYROBP) were strongly associated with immune cells and immune-related pathways in DMD muscle tissues. Conclusion Analyses demonstrated C3, SPP1, TMSB10, and TYROBP may serve as biomarkers and enhance our understanding of immune responses in DMD. The infiltration of immune cells into the muscle microenvironment might exert a critical impact on the development and occurrence of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingzhe Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongran Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shaojuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Department of Neurology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqin Song,
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Balaji S, Cholan PK, Victor DJ. Evaluation of "soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), interleukin-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase-8" as a short panel of salivary biomarkers in patients with and without stage III/IV periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 12:33-37. [PMID: 34745862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Periodontitis involves a dynamic disease process, demanding the identification of biomarkers to diagnose the current state of disease activity. Therefore this study assessed the potential of "sTREM-1, IL-1β, and MMP-8" as a short panel of biomarkers of host biological process indicating the inflammatory burden in periodontium and thereby serving as a panel of diagnostic markers in periodontal disease. Methods Sixty eight patients were recruited and allotted into four groups comprising of subjects with clinically healthy gingiva and Stage III/IV Periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes with HbA1c levels in the range of 6.5-7.9%. Periodontal parameters were measured and full mouth radiographic assessment was done. Whole saliva (unstimulated) samples were collected from all patients and estimation of the levels of markers was done employing ELISA. Results All the three biomarkers were noted to be the lowest in group I (sTREM-1: 75.63 ± 13.77; IL-1β: 15.67 ± 3.39; MMP-8: 85.83 ± 22.32) and highest in group IV (sTREM-1: 138.83 ± 14.89; IL-1β: 39.19 ± 7.20; MMP-8: 201.15 ± 50.32) with statistically significant difference. The difference observed between groups II and III for all the biomarkers assessed were statistically insignificant. The clinical parameters and HbA1c levels had positive correlation with the levels of biomarkers which was statistically significant. Conclusion This study unveils the potential of the short panel of biomarkers ("sTREM-1, IL-1β, and MMP-8") to be used as diagnostic and possible prognostic markers for Periodontitis. It further corroborates the role of type 2 diabetes mellitus in amplifying the diverse processes that result in periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Balaji
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Priyanka K Cholan
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Charantadiol A, Isolated from Wild Bitter Melon Leaf, on Heat-Inactivated Porphyromonas gingivalis-Stimulated THP-1 Monocytes and a Periodontitis Mouse Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185651. [PMID: 34577123 PMCID: PMC8466092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis has been identified as one of the major periodontal pathogens. Activity-directed fractionation and purification processes were employed to identify bioactive compounds from bitter melon leaf. Ethanolic extract of bitter melon leaf was separated into five subfractions by open column chromatography. Subfraction-5-3 significantly inhibited P. gingivalis-induced interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 productions in human monocytic THP-1 cells and then was subjected to separation and purification by using different chromatographic methods. Consequently, 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23(E),25(26)-triene-3β,19(R)-diol (charantadiol A) was identified and isolated from the subfraction-5-3. Charantadiol A effectively reduced P. gingivalis-induced IL-6 and IL-8 productions and triggered receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 mRNA level of THP-1 cells. In a separate study, charantadiol A significantly suppressed P. gingivalis-stimulated IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels in gingival tissues of mice, confirming the inhibitory effect against P. gingivalis-induced periodontal inflammation. Thus, charantadiol A is a potential anti-inflammatory agent for modulating P. gingivalis-induced inflammation.
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Leira Y, Fragkiskos D, Orlandi M, Suvan J, Nibali L, Tonetti MS, Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N, D'Aiuto F. Severe Periodontitis and Biomarkers of Bacterial Burden. Results From a Case-Control and Intervention Clinical Trial. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:615579. [PMID: 35047991 PMCID: PMC8757820 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.615579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Periodontitis is an inflammatory-infectious disease. Identifying markers of systemic exposure of periodontitis might be of interest to study its interaction with other conditions. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) is upregulated during bacterial infections. Our aim was therefore to investigate whether periodontitis and its treatment are associated with bacterial endotoxin and sTREM-1. Methods: Fifty patients with severe periodontitis and 50 age-matched controls were included in a case-control study (all never smokers). A secondary analysis of a previously published intervention study was performed, in which included 69 patients with severe periodontitis were randomized to receive either intensive (IPT) or control periodontal therapy (CPT) and monitored over 6 months. Serum levels of bacterial endotoxin and sTREM-1 were determined at one time point (case-control study) and at baseline, 1 day, 1 and 6 months after periodontal treatment (intervention study). Results: Severe periodontitis was associated with elevated circulating endotoxin levels when cases (22.9 ± 2.2 EU/ml) were compared to controls (3.6 ± 0.5 EU/ml, p < 0.001) and with sTREM-1 levels (1302.6 ± 47.8 vs. 870.6 ± 62.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between sTREM-1 and endotoxin levels (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). At 6 months after treatment, IPT significantly decreased serum levels of sTREM-1 compared to CPT (adjusted mean difference of 500.2 pg/ml, 95% CI: 18.9–981.4; p = 0.042). No substantial differences were noted in endotoxin levels at any time point after treatment between groups. Conclusions: Severe periodontitis is linked to increased circulating endotoxin and sTREM-1 levels and following IPT a reduction in sTREM-1 levels is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Leira
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Center, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry (OMEQUI) Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Fragkiskos
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Center, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Center, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanie Suvan
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Center, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Center for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio S. Tonetti
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- European Research Group on Periodontology, Genova, Italy
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Center, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Francesco D'Aiuto
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Matos ADO, Dantas PHDS, Silva-Sales M, Sales-Campos H. TREM-1 isoforms in bacterial infections: to immune modulation and beyond. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:290-306. [PMID: 33522328 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1878106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is an innate immunity receptor associated with the amplification of inflammation in sterile and non-sterile inflammatory disorders. Since its first description, the two isoforms of the receptor, membrane and soluble (mTREM-1 and sTREM-1, respectively) have been largely explored in the immunopathogenesis of several bacterial diseases and sepsis. The role of the receptor in these scenarios seems to be at least partly dependent on the source/type of bacteria, host and context. As uncontrolled inflammation is a result of several bacterial infections, the inhibition of the receptor has been considered as a promising approach to treat such conditions. Further, sTREM-1 has been explored as a biomarker for diagnosis and/or prognosis of several bacterial diseases. Therefore, this review aims to provide an updated insight into how the receptor influences and is influenced by bacterial infections, highlighting the advances regarding the use/manipulation of TREM-1 isoforms in biomedical research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelle Silva-Sales
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Dubar M, Frippiat JP, Remen T, Boufenzer A, Alauzet C, Baumann C, Gibot S, Bisson C. Comparison of sTREM-1 and associated periodontal and bacterial factors before/after periodontal therapy, and impact of psychosocial factors. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1064-1078. [PMID: 32602969 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The immune receptor triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1) is responsible for an amplification of the immuno-inflammatory response in inflammatory diseases. Its role in the aetiopathogenesis of periodontitis is underexplored. The aim of this case-control and before-after study was to determine the evolution of soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1) concentrations after scaling and root planing (SRP), and its prognostic value and evaluate associated microbial, periodontal and psychosocial factors. METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid was collected in two pathological sites (periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 5 mm) and one healthy site (PPD ≤ 3 mm) from thirty periodontitis patients (before/after SRP), and in one healthy site from thirty controls (patients without periodontal disease). Each patient filled-in stress/anxiety self-assessment questionnaires and provided a saliva sample. Diseased patients were followed for a total of 13-15 weeks in initial periodontal treatment. sTREM-1 and salivary cortisol levels were determined by ELISA and periodontopathogens by PCR. RESULTS Before SRP, higher crevicular sTREM-1 levels were positively associated with some increased clinical parameters (Plaque Index, tooth mobility, bleeding on probing, p < .05) and inversely with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans abundance (p = .03). No correlation with psychological factors nor cortisol was found with salivary sTREM-1 concentrations. After SRP, crevicular sTREM-1 levels decreased (p < .001) and were not linked to a PPD decrease but remained higher in pathological than in healthy sites (p < .001). Higher concentrations were also found out in unimproved sites (no change or increase in PPD) compared to improved ones (p = .02). Higher sTREM-1 levels were associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Campylobacter rectus in pathological sites after SRP (p < .05). CONCLUSION Crevicular sTREM-1 level decreased after SRP but did not appear to be a site outcome predictive factor of periodontal healing and remained an inflammatory parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Stress Immunity Pathogens, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Pol Frippiat
- Laboratory of Stress Immunity Pathogens, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Remen
- Clinical Research Support Facility PARC, UMDS, Nancy University Hospital, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Corentine Alauzet
- Laboratory of Stress Immunity Pathogens, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Laboratory of Bacteriology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cedric Baumann
- Clinical Research Support Facility PARC, UMDS, Nancy University Hospital, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sebastien Gibot
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France.,Department de Periodontology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Bisson
- Laboratory of Stress Immunity Pathogens, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Periodontology, University Hospital and University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Ben Lagha A, Andrian E, Grenier D. Resveratrol attenuates the pathogenic and inflammatory properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 34:118-130. [PMID: 30950227 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis has been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis, which affects tooth-supporting tissues. This Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium produces a repertoire of virulence factors that modulate tissue destruction directly or indirectly by the induction of inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol, a major polyphenol found in grapes and wine, on the growth and virulence properties of P. gingivalis as well as on gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity and the host inflammatory response. Resveratrol exhibited antibacterial activity that may result from damage to the bacterial cell membrane. Resveratrol also killed a pre-formed P. gingivalis biofilm and reduced bacterial adherence to matrix proteins. In addition, resveratrol had a protective effect on the integrity of the keratinocyte tight junctions by inhibiting its breakdown by P. gingivalis. This may be related to the ability of resveratrol to inhibit the protease activities of P. gingivalis. Lastly, resveratrol reduced P. gingivalis-mediated activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuated TREM-1 gene expression as well as soluble TREM-1 secretion in monocytes. The effect on NF-κB activation likely results from the ability of resveratrol to act as a PPAR-γ agonist. In summary, the antibacterial, anti-adherence, and antiprotease properties of resveratrol, as well as its ability to protect the gingival keratinocyte barrier and attenuate the inflammatory response in monocytes suggest that it may be a promising novel therapeutic agent for treating periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Elisoa Andrian
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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12
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Dantas PHDS, Matos ADO, da Silva Filho E, Silva-Sales M, Sales-Campos H. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) as a therapeutic target in infectious and noninfectious disease: a critical review. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 39:188-202. [PMID: 32379561 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1762597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is an innate immune receptor found in the surface of several immune and non-immune cells. Since its first description in 2000, this molecule and its soluble form (sTREM-1) have been implicated in many diseases with infectious and noninfectious origins. As an amplifier of inflammation, the membrane-associated TREM-1 (mTREM-1) isoform induces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of diseases such as sepsis, arthritis, colitis and infections. In this context, many studies have used molecules capable of inhibiting TREM-1 activity as anti-inflammatory drugs. In this regard, a few peptides have been showing promising results in the amelioration of detrimental immune responses. Some commercially available drugs, including corticosteroids and antibiotics, with known anti-inflammatory effects, have also shown activity in TREM-1 signaling. Therefore, considering the potential of this receptor as a therapeutic target, the present review encompasses the main compounds explored so far in TREM-1 modulation, highlighting and critically discussing its effects and major drawbacks of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Matos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ernandes da Silva Filho
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Silva-Sales
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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13
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Bikker FJ, Nascimento GG, Nazmi K, Silbereisen A, Belibasakis GN, Kaman WE, Lopez R, Bostanci N. Salivary Total Protease Activity Based on a Broad-Spectrum Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Approach to Monitor Induction and Resolution of Gingival Inflammation. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:667-676. [PMID: 31372941 PMCID: PMC6775538 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary total protease and chitinase activities were measured by a broad-spectrum fluorescence resonance energy transfer approach as predictors of induction and resolution of gingival inflammation in healthy individuals by applying an experimental human gingivitis model. METHODS Dental biofilm accumulated (21 days, Induction Phase) by omitting oral hygiene practices followed by a 2-week Resolution Phase to restore gingival health in an experimental gingivitis study. Plaque accumulation, as assessed by the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), and gingival inflammation, assessed using the Modified Gingival Index (MGI), scores were recorded and unstimulated saliva was collected weekly. Saliva was analysed for total protein, albumin, total protease activity and chitinase activity (n = 18). RESULTS The TQHPI and MGI scores, as well as total protease activity, increased until day 21. After re-establishment of oral hygiene, gingival inflammation levels returned to values similar to baseline (day 0). Levels of protease activity decreased significantly, but not to baseline values. Furthermore, 'fast' responders, who responded immediately to plaque, exhibited significantly higher proteolytic activity throughout the experimental course than 'slow' responders, who showed a lagged inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The results indicate that differential inflammatory responses encompass inherent variations in total salivary proteolytic activities, which could be further utilised in contemporary diagnostic, prognostic and treatment modalities for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Free University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Free University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Free University of Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Lopez
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Raivisto T, Heikkinen AM, Silbereisen A, Kovanen L, Ruokonen H, Tervahartiala T, Haukka J, Sorsa T, Bostanci N. Regulation of Salivary Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 in Adolescents. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 5:332-341. [PMID: 31860804 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419894287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), a member of peptidoglycan recognition proteins, is known to be involved in the proinflammatory response toward bacterial infections. Recently, PGLYRP1 was identified as a ligand for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1). Although PGLYRP1 is involved in immune and inflammatory responses, its levels in initial stages of periodontal disease in adolescents are currently unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate salivary levels of PGLYRP1 and its correlation with TREM-1, polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN elastase), and an active matrix metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8) in adolescents. METHODS Whole saliva samples (n = 537) were collected from 15- to 16-y-old adolescents at Kotka Health Center, Finland, prior to periodontal examination, including measurement of periodontal pocket depth (PPD), visible plaque index (VPI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Adolescents, clustered as periodontally healthy, gingivitis, or subclinical periodontitis, were tested for salivary levels of TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and PMN elastase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and aMMP-8 by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA). RESULTS Salivary levels of PGLYRP1 and aMMP-8 were significantly higher in adolescents with subclinical periodontitis and gingivitis compared to individuals with healthy periodontium. TREM-1 and PMN elastase levels were higher in adolescents with subclinical periodontitis compared to healthy individuals but did not reach significance. PGLYRP1 correlated positively with BOP, PPD, VPI, aMMP-8, and TREM-1. CONCLUSIONS Elevated PGLYRP1 levels in adolescents with gingivitis and subclinical periodontitis and its positive correlation with TREM-1 and aMMP-8 may indicate an association of PGLYRP1 with initial stages of periodontal disease. Sex and poor oral hygiene but not smoking are also associated with higher levels of PGLYRP1. However, PGLYRP1 has a lower discriminating capacity and is therefore a less reliable marker alone in the diagnosis of initial stages of periodontal disease in adolescents. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT PGLYRP1, a member of peptidoglycan recognition proteins, is a ligand for TREM-1. Elevated PGLYRP1 levels in adolescents with gingivitis and subclinical periodontitis and its positive correlation with TREM-1 and aMMP-8 may indicate an association of PGLYRP1 with initial stages of periodontal disease. However, it has a lower discriminating capacity and is therefore a less reliable marker alone in the diagnosis of periodontal disease in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Raivisto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A M Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kovanen
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Ruokonen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Haukka
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere
| | - T Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Liu H, Yang Y, Ge Y, Liu J, Zhao Y. TERC promotes cellular inflammatory response independent of telomerase. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8084-8095. [PMID: 31294790 PMCID: PMC6735767 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TERC is an RNA component of telomerase. However, TERC is also ubiquitously expressed in most human terminally differentiated cells, which don't have telomerase activity. The function of TERC in these cells is largely unknown. Here, we report that TERC enhances the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines by stimulating NK-κB pathway in a telomerase-independent manner. The ectopic expression of TERC in telomerase-negative cells alters the expression of 431 genes with high enrichment of those involved in cellular immunity. We perform genome-wide screening using a previously identified 'binding motif' of TERC and identify 14 genes that are transcriptionally regulated by TERC. Among them, four genes (LIN37, TPRG1L, TYROBP and USP16) are demonstrated to stimulate the activation of NK-κB pathway. Mechanistically, TERC associates with the promoter of these genes through forming RNA-DNA triplexes, thereby enhancing their transcription. In vivo, expression levels of TERC and TERC target genes (TYROBP, TPRG1L and USP16) are upregulated in patients with inflammation-related diseases such as type II diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Collectively, these results reveal an unknown function of TERC on stimulating inflammatory response and highlight a new mechanism by which TERC modulates gene transcription. TERC may be a new target for the development of anti-inflammation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlong Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Juanhong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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16
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Nylund KM, Ruokonen H, Sorsa T, Heikkinen AM, Meurman JH, Ortiz F, Tervahartiala T, Furuholm J, Bostanci N. Association of the salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells/its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 axis with oral inflammation in kidney disease. J Periodontol 2019; 89:117-129. [PMID: 28846062 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) is a cell-surface receptor involved in amplification of inflammatory response to bacterial infections, along with its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1). TREM-1 is shed by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to its soluble (s) form. The aim of the study is to investigate association of sTREM-1 and PGLYRP1 with oral inflammatory burden among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at predialysis and posttransplantation stages. METHODS One hundred forty-four patients with CKD were examined at predialysis, and oral infection foci were treated prior to kidney transplantation. Fifty-three patients were available for follow-up after transplantation. Oral inflammatory burden was assessed by the Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Index (PIBI) and Total Dental Index. sTREM-1, PGLYRP1, and interleukin (IL)-1β were measured in saliva by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and MMP-8 was measured by immunofluorometric assay. RESULTS In the predialysis stage, sTREM-1 and PGLYRP1 were positively associated with IL-1β, MMP-8, and PIBI. More specifically, patients with deeper probing depth (PD) (at least two sites with ≥6 mm) had higher concentrations of salivary sTREM-1 and PGLYRP1 compared with those with shallower PD. Higher concentrations of PGLYRP1 and IL-1β were associated with a higher number of teeth (> 25). On follow-up, higher PGLYRP1 and sTREM-1 were associated with one or more sites with ≥4 mm PD. CONCLUSIONS sTREM-1 and PGLYRP1 are elevated in patients with CKD with poor oral health and positively correlate with number of active periodontal pockets after oral infection therapy. Moreover, they positively correlate with MMP-8 and IL-1β. Hence, the salivary sTREM-1/PGLYRP1 axis could be useful as a diagnostic marker for oral infection within patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karita M Nylund
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hellevi Ruokonen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Insitutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka H Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fernanda Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Furuholm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Insitutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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17
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Bostanci N, Abe T, Belibasakis GN, Hajishengallis G. TREM-1 Is Upregulated in Experimental Periodontitis, and Its Blockade Inhibits IL-17A and RANKL Expression and Suppresses Bone loss. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101579. [PMID: 31581596 PMCID: PMC6832657 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a modifier of local and systemic inflammation. There is clinical evidence implicating TREM-1 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, a cause-and-effect relationship has yet to be demonstrated, as is the underlying mechanism. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of TREM-1 using the murine ligature-induced periodontitis model. Methods: A synthetic antagonistic LP17 peptide or sham control was microinjected locally into the palatal gingiva of the ligated molar teeth. Results: Mice treated with the LP17 inhibitor developed significantly less bone loss as compared to sham-treated mice, although there were no differences in total bacterial load on the ligatures. To elucidate the impact of LP17 on the host response, we analyzed the expression of a number of immune-modulating genes. The LP17 peptide altered the expression of 27/92 genes ≥ two-fold, but only interleukin (IL)-17A was significantly downregulated (4.9-fold). Importantly, LP17 also significantly downregulated the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B-ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio that drives osteoclastic bone resorption in periodontitis. Conclusion: Our findings show for the first time that TREM-1 regulates the IL-17A-RANKL/OPG axis and bone loss in experimental periodontitis, and its therapeutic blockade may pave the way to a novel treatment for human periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Toshiharu Abe
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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The modulation of the TREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis in peri-implant diseases. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1837-1844. [PMID: 31444693 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of sTREM-1 and its ligand PGLYRP1, as well as the expression of MMP-8 and its inhibitor TIMP-1, in peri-implant diseases. As a secondary aim, we analyzed the influence of the concomitant existence of periodontitis in the expression of these biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 77 patients (29 males and 48 females; mean age 55.0 ± 11.5), 18 having gingivitis, 16 having periodontitis, 20 having mucositis, and 23 having peri-implantitis. Patients were clinically examined, and unstimulated whole saliva was collected. sTREM-1, PGLYRP1, MMP-8, TIMP-1, and MMP-8/TIMP1 ratio were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The periodontitis group presented higher probing depth (PD) mean, and higher clinical attachment loss, compared with the other groups. The peri-implantitis group presented higher PD mean in implants compared to the mucositis group. Patients with PD ≥ 6 mm showed significantly higher levels of PGLYRP1, MMP-8, and MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio than patients with PD < 6 mm. When all four markers were assessed, there were no significant differences between mucositis and peri-implantitis groups. Concomitant periodontitis resulted in higher significant levels of MMP-8 in patients with peri-implant disease. CONCLUSION We did not observe significant differences in the levels of the sTREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis between patients with periodontal and peri-implant diseases, suggesting that these markers are also involved in the inflammatory process around implants. Besides, the presence of periodontitis may affect the levels of MMP-8 in patients with peri-implant disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The sTREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis could be useful as potent markers in periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
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19
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Silbereisen A, Hallak AK, Nascimento GG, Sorsa T, Belibasakis GN, Lopez R, Bostanci N. Regulation of PGLYRP1 and TREM-1 during Progression and Resolution of Gingival Inflammation. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:352-359. [PMID: 31013451 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419844937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) signaling pathway is stimulated by bacteria and, together with its putative ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), propagates proinflammatory responses. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the TREM-1/PGLYRP1/interleukin (IL)-1β regulation in response to biofilm accumulation and removal in an experimental human gingivitis model. METHODS The study (n = 42 participants, mean age: 23.8 ± 3.7 y) comprised a recruitment step (day -14) followed by experimentally induced biofilm formation (induction [I] phase, day 0 to +21) and a 2-wk resolution (R) phase (day +21 to +35). Plaque was recorded by the Modified Quigley and Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), while records of gingival inflammation were based on the Modified Gingival Index (MGI). Unstimulated whole saliva supernatants (n = 210, 5 time points) were tested for TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS During the I-phase, concentrations of all analytes showed a tendency for downregulation at day +7 compared to day 0. TREM-1 (P = 0.019) and PGLYRP1 (P = 0.007) increased significantly between day +7 and day +21. Although all analyte levels decreased during the R-phase, the difference was not significant except TREM-1 being at borderline significance (P = 0.058). Moreover, TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β showed significant positive correlations (P < 0.0001) with each other. The study participants were grouped into "fast" and "slow" responders based on clinical gingival inflammation scores. At each time point, fast responders showed significantly higher concentrations of TREM-1 (P < 0.025), PGLYRP1 (P < 0.007), and IL-1β (P < 0.025) compared to slow responders. Mixed-effects multilevel regression analyses revealed that PGLYRP1 (P = 0.047) and IL-1β (P = 0.005) showed a significant positive association with the MGI scores. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 are regulated in response to biofilm accumulation and removal, and fast responders demonstrated higher levels of these analytes compared to slow responders. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study demonstrated the suitability of salivary TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 to reflect biofilm accumulation and removal and PGLYRP1 to monitor the progression and resolution of inflammation in gingivitis-susceptible individuals (fast responders). Combined with conventional risk factors, the molecular toolbox proposed here should be further validated in future studies to confirm whether it can be used for population-based monitoring and prevention of gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A K Hallak
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G G Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Sorsa
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Lopez
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Yang Y, Chen SS, Xu CM, Wu YF, Zhao L. [Expression of triggering receptors expressed by myeloid cells-1 in macrophages stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:475-481. [PMID: 30465338 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soluble triggering receptors expressed by myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in macrophage cells were stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) to investigate the expression of triggering receptors expressed by myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and further explore the correlation between TREM-1 and the pathogenesis of periodontitis. METHODS THP-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line derived from an acute monocytic leukemia patient) were induced to differentiate THP-1 macrophages by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and were injected with 0 (blank control), 0.5, or 1.0 μg·mL⁻¹ Pg-LPS. The THP-1 cells were then grouped in accordance with incubation time, and each group was incubated for 4, 6, 12, or 24 h. The expression of the TREM-1 mRNA in macrophages was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while the expression of TREM-1 protein was detected by Western blot; the site where TREM-1 protein expression was observed in macrophages was detected by immunofluorescence staining, and the expression of soluble sTREM-1 and TNF-α in cell culture medium was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared with the blank control group, the expression of TREM-1 mRNA, TREM-1 protein, and sTREM-1 in Pg-LPS-stimulated macrophages was significantly upregulated (P<0.05). The expression of TREM-1 mRNA, TREM-1 protein, and sTREM-1 in the supernatant of cell culture was higher in the 1.0 μg·mL⁻¹ Pg-LPS group than in the 0.5 μg·mL⁻¹ group; this expression was statistically significant since the 6, 4, and 4 h time point (P<0.05). Cell immunofluorescence staining showed that TREM-1 protein was positive when the THP-1 macrophages was stimulated by Pg-LPS (1.0 μg·mL⁻¹) for 24 h, and the staining sites of TREM-1 were mainly located in the cell membrane of the macrophages (P<0.05). The expression level of TNF-α increased in groups stimulated by Pg-LPS, and the expression level of TNF-α was significantly higher in 1.0 μg·mL⁻¹ Pg-LPS stimulated groups than in 0.5 μg·mL⁻¹ Pg-LPS-stimulated groups since the 6 h time point (P<0.05). The expressions of TREM-1 mRNA, TREM-1 protein, and sTREM-1 in 0.5 μg·mL⁻¹ Pg-LPS-stimulated macrophages were positively correlated with one another (r=1, P<0.05), but no statistically significant correlation was found in the expression of TNF-α. The positive correlation between sTREM-1 and TNF-α expressions was detected when macrophages were stimulated by 1.0 μg·mL⁻¹ Pg-LPS (r=1, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of TREM-1 mRNA, TREM-1 protein, and sTREM-1 in the culture supernatant in Pg-LPS-stimulated macrophages was significantly upregulated on the basis of the concentration of Pg-LPS; moreover, their upregulation was positively correlated with one another. The expression of TNF-α in the supernatant of cell culture was also upregulated and was positively correlated with the expression of sTREM-1 at the group of high Pg-LPS concentration (1.0 μg·mL⁻¹). Results reveal that TREM-1, which has been realized as a proinflammatory receptor protein, can promote the development of periodontitis by regulating the expression of TNF-α in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shan-Shan Chen
- Dept. of Stomatology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun-Mei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya-Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Dubar M, Carrasco K, Gibot S, Bisson C. Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and LR12 peptide on TREM-1 expression by monocytes. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:799-805. [PMID: 29779263 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease involves the activation of host immune response, acting not only as defender of periodontal tissues against bacterial aggression but also as mediator of tissue destruction. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is an immune receptor that synergizes with Toll-like receptors in amplifying the inflammatory response mediated by microbial molecules. AIM To investigate the role of P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effect of LR12, a TREM-1 inhibitory peptide, on the expression of membrane-bound and soluble form of TREM-1 on human primary monocytes, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells were stimulated with 1 μg/ml of LPS with or without LR12. PCR, flow cytometry and ELISA were used to determine TREM-1 expressions and cytokines release by monocytes. RESULTS P. gingivalis LPS can induce a significant increase in TREM-1 expression (mRNA, membrane-bound and soluble form, p < 0.001) as well as cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα) and chemokines (IL-8) production by monocytes. This monocytes' activation was partly prevented by LR12. CONCLUSIONS TREM-1 inhibitors such as LR12 could be interesting for the modulation of the excessive inflammatory response that occurs during periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,EA SIMPA 7300, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Sebastien Gibot
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Central, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France.,Inserm UMR_S1116, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Bisson
- EA SIMPA 7300, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department de Periodontology, University of Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
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22
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Yun Y, Wuchao W, Yafei W, Lei Z. [Research progress on the relationship between triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 and malignant tumors]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:648-653. [PMID: 29333781 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing scientific evidence supports the positive relationship between inflammation and cancer development. The immune response initiated by pattern recognition receptors is critical to triggering of tumor-associated inflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) is an immunoglobulin of the super transmembrane glycoprotein family, which is mainly expressed on select groups of myeloid cells. The most important members of TREM comprise TREM-1 and TREM-2. Activation of TREM-1 and TREM-2 signaling is initiated upon binding of their ligands. Subsequently, cross-linking reactions of downstream effectors occur, resulting in inflammation regulation. Recently, the connection between TREM and malignant tumors has been widely noticed and studied. This review summarizes studies of association between TREM-1, TREM-2, and malignant tumors in the medical field to provide new ideas for study on the correlation between periodontitis and oral cavity cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wu Wuchao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wu Yafei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Rudick CP, Miyamoto T, Lang MS, Agrawal DK. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: potential novel treatment strategies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:1189-1197. [PMID: 29027827 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1392855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal diseases are polymicrobial inflammatory disorders of the tissue, ligament, and bone structures supporting teeth. Periodontitis (inflammation with corresponding loss of attachment) affects 40-50% of adults. Recently, members of the Triggering Receptor on Myeloid Cell (TREM) family have been studied to determine their relationship to these diseases. Areas covered: TREM-1 is a receptor expressed on the surface of PMNs, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes upregulated in the presence of periodontal inflammation. TREM-1 expression can be upregulated by oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis that can be abrogated by a sub-antimicrobial dose of doxycycline. When cleaved from the cell surface, a soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1) can be used as a biomarker of inflammation and might also provide a link between oral and systemic inflammation. While less understood, TREM-2 has a role in osteoclastogenesis which could contribute to the alveolar bone destruction seen in more advanced periodontitis. Expert commentary: Additional studies to simulate biofilm microenvironment in TREM research are warranted. Longitudinal studies determining TREM-1, sTREM-1, and TREM-2 levels in tissues over time and progression of periodontal diseases would provide valuable information in the role of TREM receptors as indicators of or contributors to the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P Rudick
- a Department of Clinical & Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Takanari Miyamoto
- b Department of Periodontology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Melissa S Lang
- b Department of Periodontology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- a Department of Clinical & Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
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24
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Blasco-Baque V, Garidou L, Pomié C, Escoula Q, Loubieres P, Le Gall-David S, Lemaitre M, Nicolas S, Klopp P, Waget A, Azalbert V, Colom A, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Kemoun P, Serino M, Burcelin R. Periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis drives periodontal microbiota dysbiosis and insulin resistance via an impaired adaptive immune response. Gut 2017; 66:872-885. [PMID: 26838600 PMCID: PMC5531227 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a causal mechanism responsible for the enhancement of insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia following periodontitis in mice fed a fat-enriched diet. DESIGN We set-up a unique animal model of periodontitis in C57Bl/6 female mice by infecting the periodontal tissue with specific and alive pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. The mice were then fed with a diabetogenic/non-obesogenic fat-enriched diet for up to 3 months. Alveolar bone loss, periodontal microbiota dysbiosis and features of glucose metabolism were quantified. Eventually, adoptive transfer of cervical (regional) and systemic immune cells was performed to demonstrate the causal role of the cervical immune system. RESULTS Periodontitis induced a periodontal microbiota dysbiosis without mainly affecting gut microbiota. The disease concomitantly impacted on the regional and systemic immune response impairing glucose metabolism. The transfer of cervical lymph-node cells from infected mice to naive recipients guarded against periodontitis-aggravated metabolic disease. A treatment with inactivated Pg prior to the periodontal infection induced specific antibodies against Pg and protected the mouse from periodontitis-induced dysmetabolism. Finally, a 1-month subcutaneous chronic infusion of low rates of lipopolysaccharides from Pg mimicked the impact of periodontitis on immune and metabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS We identified that insulin resistance in the high-fat fed mouse is enhanced by pathogen-induced periodontitis. This is caused by an adaptive immune response specifically directed against pathogens and associated with a periodontal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blasco-Baque
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France,Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Technical platform of Research in Odontology, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Lucile Garidou
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Pomié
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Quentin Escoula
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Loubieres
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France,Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Technical platform of Research in Odontology, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | | | - Mathieu Lemaitre
- Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Technical platform of Research in Odontology, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Simon Nicolas
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Klopp
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - André Colom
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Kemoun
- Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire de Toulouse, Technical platform of Research in Odontology, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France,Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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Lagha AB, Grenier D. Tea polyphenols inhibit the activation of NF-κB and the secretion of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases by macrophages stimulated with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34520. [PMID: 27694921 PMCID: PMC5046134 DOI: 10.1038/srep34520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with both periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This Gram-negative bacterium possesses a high inflammatory potential that may contribute to the disease process. We hypothesized that green and black tea polyphenols attenuate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages mediated by F. nucleatum. We first showed that the tea extracts, EGCG and theaflavins reduce the NF-κB activation induced by F. nucleatum in monocytes. Since NF-κB is a key regulator of genes coding for inflammatory mediators, we tested the effects of tea polyphenols on secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 by macrophages. A pre-treatment of macrophages with the tea extracts, EGCG, or theaflavins prior to a stimulation with F. nucleatum significantly inhibited the secretion of all four cytokines and reduced the secretion of MMP-3 and MMP-9, two tissue destructive enzymes. TREM-1 expressed by macrophages is a cell-surface receptor involved in the propagation of the inflammatory response to bacterial challenges. Interestingly, tea polyphenols inhibited the secretion/shedding of soluble TREM-1 induced by a stimulation of macrophages with F. nucleatum. The anti-inflammatory properties of tea polyphenols identified in the present study suggested that they may be promising agents for the prevention and/or treatment of periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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26
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Chen SS, Wang K, Zhao J, Wu WC, Wu YF, Zhao L. Increased expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 and 2 in inflamed human gingiva. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:512-521. [PMID: 27624412 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is an infectious disease in which the host immune and inflammatory responses play essential roles in resistance to bacterial infection, as well as the induction of tissue destruction if the immune response is dysregulated. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) modulates inflammatory and innate immune signaling. TREM-1 is considered as an amplifier of the immune response, while TREM-2 is a negative regulator that has yet to be explored in periodontal disease before. We hypothesized that TREMs participated in the innate immune responses during the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression in the gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects as well as their correlation with clinical periodontal parameters. This study is the first to identify TREM-2 in periodontal tissue, as well as the protein expression changes of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in periodontal tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival tissue sections were collected from 31 healthy subjects and 53 patients with chronic periodontitis. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression of these receptors in gingival tissues. The recorded clinical parameters were probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque index and bleeding on probing. RESULTS In addition to myeloid cells in gingival connective tissues, TREM-1 and TREM-2 were also found expressed in gingival epithelial cells. In particular, TREM-1 was detected in almost all gingival epithelium from both healthy and inflamed biopsies. The expression levels of TREM-1 and TREM-2 were significantly increased in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy group. Increased levels of these receptors are to be positively correlated with site-specific periodontal parameters. CONCLUSION The increased expression of TREM-1 and TREM-2 levels in periodontitis may confer diagnostic and potential therapeutic targets as well as indicating their association with the clinical severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Stomatology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - W C Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Wu
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Varanat M, Haase EM, Kay JG, Scannapieco FA. Activation of the TREM-1 pathway in human monocytes by periodontal pathogens and oral commensal bacteria. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:275-287. [PMID: 27448788 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease caused in part by an aberrant host response to the oral multi-species biofilm. A balance between the oral bacteria and host immunity is essential for oral health. Imbalances in the oral microbiome lead to an uncontrolled host inflammatory response and subsequent periodontal disease (i.e. gingivitis and periodontitis). TREM-1 is a signaling receptor present on myeloid cells capable of acting synergistically with other pattern recognition receptors leading to amplification of inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the activation of the TREM-1 pathway in the human monocyte-like cell line THP-1 exposed to both oral pathogens and commensals. The relative expression of the genes encoding TREM-1 and its adapter protein DAP12 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The surface expression of TREM-1 was determined by flow cytometry. Soluble TREM-1 and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrate that both commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria activate the TREM-1 pathway, resulting in a proinflammatory TREM-1 activity-dependent increase in proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Varanat
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - E M Haase
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J G Kay
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - F A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Öztürk VÖ, Belibasakis GN, Emingil G, Bostanci N. Impact of aging on TREM-1 responses in the periodontium: a cross-sectional study in an elderly population. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:429. [PMID: 27542376 PMCID: PMC4992242 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is associated with altered immune response, which increases susceptibility to infections. sTREM-1 is involved in the amplification of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate local sTREM-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as well as key periodontal pathogen levels in the subgingival plaque in an elderly cohort with periodontal health, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods Subjects were 51 systemically healthy, elderly individuals (mean age, 68 ± 4.5 years) who had undergone full-mouth periodontal examinations. Subgingival plaque and GCF samples were collected from the healthy sites of participants without periodontal disease (n = 17), the sites with gingival inflammation from patients with gingivitis (n = 19), and the periodontitis sites of patients with CP (n = 15). GCF volumes were measured by an electronic impedance device, and total protein levels were assessed by a flouremetric assay. sTREM-1 levels in GCF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The subgingival plaque total bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric methods. Results GCF volume, total protein concentrations, and sTREM-1 levels in GCF were similar among the groups (p > 0.05). Significantly higher T. forsythia levels were observed in subgingival plaque samples harvested from patients with gingivitis and CP, than in those from healthy participants (p < 0.05). However, the subgingival levels of the other four periodontal pathogens and total bacteria were not statistically different among the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that there are no differences in GCF volume, total protein, and sTREM-1 levels between healthy and periodontally diseased elderly adults. We found only limited differences in the studied subgingival microbial profile. This finding indicates an already deregulated, local inflammatory response in this elderly cohort, on which bacterial biofilm challenge may have a limited further impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | | | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Bostanci N, Bao K, Wahlander A, Grossmann J, Thurnheer T, Belibasakis GN. Secretome of gingival epithelium in response to subgingival biofilms. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:323-35. [PMID: 25787257 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the chronic inflammatory destruction of periodontal tissues as a result of bacterial biofilm formation on the tooth surface. Proteins secreted by the gingival epithelium challenged by subgingival biofilms represent an important initial response for periodontal inflammation. The aim of this in vitro study was to characterize the whole secreted proteome of gingival epithelial tissue challenged by subgingival biofilms, and to evaluate the differential effects of the presence of the red-complex species in the biofilm. Multi-layered human gingival epithelial cultures were challenged with a 10-species in vitro biofilm model or its seven-species variant excluding the red complex. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for label-free quantitative proteomics was applied to identify and quantify the secreted epithelial proteins in the culture supernatant. A total of 192 proteins were identified and quantified. The biofilm challenge resulted in more secreted proteins being downregulated than upregulated. Even so, presence of the red complex in the biofilm was responsible for much of this downregulatory effect. Over 24 h, the upregulated biological processes were associated with inflammation and apoptosis, whereas the downregulated processes were associated with the disruption of epithelial tissue integrity and impairment of tissue turnover. Over 48 h, negative regulation of several metabolic processes and degradation of various molecular complexes was further intensified. Again, many of these biological regulations were attributed to the presence of the red complex. In conclusion, the present study provides the secreted proteome profile of gingival epithelial tissue to subgingival biofilms, and identifies a significant role for the red-complex species in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Bao
- Oral Translational Research, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Wahlander
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Thurnheer
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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da Silva MAC, Oliveira RN, Mendonça RH, Lourenço TGB, Colombo APV, Tanaka MN, Tude EMO, da Costa MF, Thiré RMSM. Evaluation of metronidazole-loaded poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) membranes to potential application in periodontitis treatment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:106-15. [PMID: 25655488 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration is a technique used for periodontium reconstruction. This technique uses barrier membranes, which prevent epithelial growth in the wound site and may also be used to release antibiotics, to protect the wound against opportunistic infections. Periodontal poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) membranes containing metronidazole (a drug used to help in infection control) were produced and characterized. The kinetic mechanism of the metronidazole delivery of leached and nonleached membrane as well as its cytotoxicity and structural integrity were evaluated. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) membranes containing 0.5-2 wt % of the drug and 20 wt % of the plasticizer were manufactured via compression molding. Based on morphological analysis, membranes loaded with 2% metronidazole were considered for detailed studies. The results revealed that metronidazole delivery by the leached membranes seemed to follow the Fick's law. Membranes were noncytotoxic. The amount of metronidazole delivered was in the range of the minimal inhibitory concentration for Porphyromonas gingivalis, and the membranes inhibited the proliferation of these bacteria. Besides, they maintained their mechanical resistance after 30 days of immersion in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio A C da Silva
- COPPE/Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata N Oliveira
- COPPE/Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Helena Mendonça
- Chemical Engineering Department of the Technology Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Talita G B Lourenço
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula V Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N Tanaka
- Bioceramics and Cell Culture Lab, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena M O Tude
- Bioceramics and Cell Culture Lab, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marysilvia F da Costa
- COPPE/Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rossana Mara S M Thiré
- COPPE/Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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31
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Willi M, Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N. Expression and regulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 in periodontal diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:190-200. [PMID: 24924298 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory infectious disease that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. It is caused by multi-species subgingival biofilms that colonize the tooth surface. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia (i.e. 'red complex' bacteria) are characteristic subgingival biofilm species. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, with a role in the amplification of proinflammatory cytokine production during infection. This study aimed to investigate TREM-1 mRNA expression in gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis and healthy subjects and its correlation with the levels of periodontal pathogens in the tissue. A further aim was to investigate the regulation of TREM-1 in human monocytic cells (MM6) challenged with an in-vitro subgingival biofilm model. Gingival tissue TREM-1 expression was increased in both chronic and aggressive periodontitis, compared to health, and correlated with the levels of the 'red complex' species in the tissue. No significant differences were detected between the two forms of periodontitis. Biofilm-challenged MM6 cells exhibited higher TREM-1 expression and secretion compared to controls, with partial involvement of the 'red complex'. Engagement or inhibition of TREM-1 affected the capacity of the biofilms to stimulate interleukin (IL)-1β, but not IL-8, secretion by the cells. In conclusion, this study reveals that TREM-1 tissue expression is enhanced in periodontal disease, and correlates with the level of periodontal pathogens. It also provides a mechanistic insight into the regulation of TREM-1 expression and the associated IL-1β production in biofilm-challenged monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Willi
- Section of Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Thurnheer T, Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N. Colonisation of gingival epithelia by subgingival biofilms in vitro: role of "red complex" bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:977-86. [PMID: 24949828 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biofilm formation on tooth surface results in colonisation and invasion of the juxtaposed gingival tissue, eliciting strong inflammatory responses that lead to periodontal disease. This in vitro study investigated the colonisation of human gingival multi-layered epithelium by multi-species subgingival biofilms, and evaluated the relative effects of the "red complex" species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola). METHODS The grown biofilm consisted of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Veillonella dispar, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, T. forsythia, T. denticola, Actinomyces oris, Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus oralis, or its variant lacking the "red complex". After 48h in co-culture with the gingival epithelia, the bacterial species in the biofilm were quantified, whereas their localisation on the cell surface was investigated by combining confocal-laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), as well as by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Exclusion of the "red complex" quantitatively affected S. oralis, but not other species. The "red-complex" species were all able to colonise the gingival epithelial cells. A co-localisation trend was observed between P. gingivalis and T. denticola, as determined by FISH. However, in the absence of all three "red complex" bacteria from the biofilm, an immense colonisation of streptococci (potentially S. oralis) was observed on the gingival epithelia, as confirmed by both CLSM and SEM. CONCLUSIONS While the "red complex" species synergise in colonizing gingival epithelia, their absence from the biofilm enhances streptococcal colonisation. This antagonism with streptococci reveals that the "red complex" may regulate biofilm virulence, with potential implications in periodontal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thurnheer
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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33
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Cheng WC, Hughes FJ, Taams LS. The presence, function and regulation of IL-17 and Th17 cells in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:541-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; King's College London; London UK
- Division of Immunology, Infection & Inflammatory Disease; Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation; King's College London; London UK
| | - Francis J. Hughes
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; King's College London; London UK
| | - Leonie S. Taams
- Division of Immunology, Infection & Inflammatory Disease; Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation; King's College London; London UK
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Belibasakis GN, Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Bostanci N. Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 (sTREM-1) in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Association With Clinical and Microbiologic Parameters. J Periodontol 2014; 85:204-10. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates TREM-1 in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils via its gingipains. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75784. [PMID: 24124513 PMCID: PMC3790815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, with the capacity to amplify pro-inflammatory cytokine production and regulate apoptosis. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the first line of defence against infection, and a major source of TREM-1. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobe highly implicated in the inflammatory processes governing periodontal disease, which is characterized by the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. It expresses a number of virulence factors, including the cysteine proteinases (or gingipains). The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of P. gingivalis on TREM-1 expression and production by primary human PMNs, and to evaluate the role of its gingipains in this process. After 4 h of challenge, P. gingivalis enhanced TREM-1 expression as identified by quantitative real-time PCR. This was followed by an increase in soluble (s)TREM-1 secretion over a period of 18 h, as determined by ELISA. At this time-point, the P. gingivalis-challenged PMNs exhibited diminished TREM-1 cell-membrane staining, as identified by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore engagement of TREM-1, by means of anti-TREM-1 antibodies, enhanced the capacity of P. gingivalis to stimulate interleukin (IL)-8 production. Conversely, antagonism of TREM-1 using a synthetic peptide resulted in reduction of IL-8 secretion. Using isogenic P. gingivalis mutant strains, we identified the Arg-gingipain to be responsible for shedding of sTREM-1 from the PMN surface, whereas the Lys-gingipain had the capacity to degrade TREM-1. In conclusion, the differential regulation of TREM-1 by the P. gingivalis gingipains may present a novel mechanism by which P. gingivalis manipulates the host innate immune response helping to establish chronic periodontal inflammation.
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Lei L, Li H, Yan F, Xiao Y. Hyperlipidemia impaired innate immune response to periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71849. [PMID: 23977160 PMCID: PMC3745424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A finely-tuned innate immune response plays a pivotal role in protecting host against bacterial invasion during periodontal disease progression. Hyperlipidemia has been suggested to exacerbate periodontal health condition. However, the underlying mechanism has not been addressed. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hyperlipidemia on innate immune responses to periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. Apolipoprotein E-deficient and wild-type mice at the age of 20 weeks were used for the study. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated and subsequently used for the study of viable P. gingivalis infection. ApoE−/− mice demonstrated inhibited iNOS production and impaired clearance of P. gingivalis in vitro and in vivo; furthermore, ApoE−/− mice displayed disrupted cytokine production pattern in response to P. gingivalis, with a decreased production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Microarray data demonstrated that Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NOD-like receptor (NLR) pathway were altered in ApoE−/− mice macrophages; further analysis of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) demonstrated that expression of triggering receptors on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), an amplifier of the TLR and NLR pathway, was decreased in ApoE−/− mice macrophages, leading to decreased recruitment of NF-κB onto the promoters of the TNF-α and IL-6. Our data suggest that in ApoE−/− mice hyperlipidemia disrupts the expression of PRRs, and cripples the host’s capability to generate sufficient innate immune response to P. gingivalis, which may facilitate immune evasion, subgingival colonization and establishment of P. gingivalis in the periodontal niche.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Bacteroidaceae Infections/immunology
- Bacteroidaceae Infections/microbiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/immunology
- Immunity, Innate
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/microbiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Periodontal Diseases/immunology
- Periodontal Diseases/microbiology
- Phagocytosis
- Porphyromonas gingivalis/immunology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/genetics
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Lei
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (FY); (YX)
| | - Yin Xiao
- Bone Research Lab, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail: (FY); (YX)
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37
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Bostanci N, Oztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Belibasakis GN. Elevated oral and systemic levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in periodontitis. J Dent Res 2012; 92:161-5. [PMID: 23242230 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512470691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a cell-surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, involved in the propagation of the inflammatory response to bacterial challenge. Soluble (s)TREM-1 is released from the cell surface during the course of infection and is a useful inflammatory biomarker in the early diagnosis of systemic sepsis. The hypothesis of this study was that oral and systemic levels of sTREM-1 are elevated in periodontitis. Therefore, the aim was to investigate, by ELISA, the sTREM-1 concentrations in saliva and serum of individuals without periodontitis (control) and persons with chronic or generalized aggressive periodontitis. In saliva, sTREM-1 concentrations were higher in chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in the control group, by 3.3-fold and 5.6-fold, respectively. In serum, these differences were 1.7-fold and 2-fold, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between the two forms of periodontitis, neither in saliva nor in serum. Salivary and serum sTREM-1 levels positively correlated with full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters. In conclusion, the increased oral and systemic levels of sTREM-1 in periodontitis denote a value for this molecule as a biomarker for the disease and may also have implications in the association between periodontal infections and systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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Bisson C, Massin F, Lefevre PA, Thilly N, Miller N, Gibot S. Increased gingival crevicular fluid levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM) -1 in severe periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:1141-8. [PMID: 23067264 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to evaluate the presence of a new regulator of innate immunity in periodontitis: the soluble form of triggering receptor on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIAL AND METHODS GCF was collected at four sites, three pathological and one healthy from 17 patients with periodontitis, and at one healthy site from 23 control patients. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to quantify sTREM-1 levels in collected crevicular fluid. Recorded clinical parameters were probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding upon probing, tooth mobility, plaque index (PlI), and gingival index (GI). RESULTS The mean sTREM-1 level in collected fluid was significantly higher in pathological sites than in healthy sites from either periodontal or control patients: 353.9 pg/ml, 50.2 pg/ml and 25.4 pg/ml respectively. Soluble TREM-1 concentration was significantly correlated with PPD. The sTREM-1 levels increased with the augmentation of the PlI and GI scores and levelled off at score 2 for both indexes. In multivariate analysis, periodontal pocket depth and smoking status were statistically associated with highest sTREM-1 concentrations. CONCLUSION sTREM-1 was detected in crevicular fluid and its concentration was higher in pathological sites. It could be a marker of periodontal tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bisson
- Département de parodontologie, Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy, France.
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Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Doxycycline inhibits TREM-1 induction by Porphyromonas gingivalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 66:37-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich; Switzerland
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich; Switzerland
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