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Stelfa G, Miteniece A, Svalbe B, Vavers E, Makrecka-Kuka M, Kupats E, Kunrade L, Parfejevs V, Riekstina U, Dambrova M, Zvejniece L. Age-dependent changes in visceral adiposity are associated with decreased plasma levels of DHEA-S in sigma-1 receptor knockout male mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2025; 1870:159571. [PMID: 39428081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is involved in intracellular lipid synthesis and transport. Recent studies have shown that its genetic inactivation impairs adipogenic differentiation in vitro. This study investigated the role of S1R in adipose tissue physiology and metabolic health using adult and old WT and S1R KO mice. Visceral fat mass was increased in adult, but not old S1R-KO male mice compared to that of WT mice, despite having similar body weights, food intake, and energy expenditure. The average adipocyte size was 64 % larger in adult KO mice than in adult WT mice. Adult S1R-KO mice showed reduced plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and elevated fasting plasma leptin concentrations. Lipidomic analysis revealed alterations in plasma metabolite concentrations, particularly reduced levels of sphingomyelins, ceramides, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and cholesteryl esters in adult mice. Decreased expression of Pparγ, Adipoq, and Atgl was detected in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) isolated from adult KO mice. Additionally, Fabp4 and Adipoq expression levels were significantly lower in KO adipose-derived stromal cells than in WT adipose-derived stromal cells. A fivefold increase in the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation rate and a 43 % increase in electron transfer coupling capacity were detected in adult S1R-KO vWAT. In summary, our investigation revealed an age-dependent association between increased visceral adiposity and decreased plasma levels of DHEA-S in S1R-deficient male mice. These findings underscore the potential role of S1R in regulating metabolic processes in adipose tissue and suggest that DHEA-S is a potential mediator of adiposity changes in the absence of S1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundega Stelfa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Anna Miteniece
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Baiba Svalbe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edijs Vavers
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Einars Kupats
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Kunrade
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vadims Parfejevs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Zvejniece
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.
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Li S, Liu L, Ahmed Z, Wang F, Lei C, Sun F. Identification of Heilongjiang crossbred beef cattle pedigrees and reveals functional genes related to economic traits based on whole-genome SNP data. Front Genet 2024; 15:1435793. [PMID: 39119576 PMCID: PMC11306169 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1435793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To enhance the beef cattle industry, Heilongjiang Province has developed a new Crossbred beef cattle variety through crossbreeding with exotic commercial breeds. This new variety exhibits relatively excellent meat quality, and efficient reproductive performance, catering to market demands. Method: This study employed whole genome resequencing technology to analyze the genetic pedigree and diversity of 19 Heilongjiang Crossbred beef cattle, alongside 59 published genomes from East Asian, Eurasian, and European taurine cattle as controls. In addition, genes related to production traits were also searched by identifying Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) islands and important fragments from ancestors. Results: A total of 14,427,729 biallelic SNPs were discovered, with the majority located in intergenic and intron regions and a small percentage in exon regions, impacting protein function. Population genetic analyses including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree, and ADMIXTURE identified Angus, Holstein, and Mishima as the main ancestors of Crossbred beef cattle. In genetic diversity analysis, nucleotide diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and inbreeding coefficient analysis reveal that the genetic diversity of Crossbred beef cattle is at a moderate level, and a higher inbreeding coefficient indicates the need for careful breeding management. In addition, some genes related to economic traits are identified through the identification of Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) islands and important fragments from ancestors. Conclusion: This comprehensive genomic characterization supports the targeted improvement of economically important traits in Crossbred beef cattle, facilitating advanced breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Fuwen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Zapata RC, Nasamran CA, Chilin-Fuentes DR, Dulawa SC, Osborn O. Identification of adipose tissue transcriptomic memory of anorexia nervosa. Mol Med 2023; 29:109. [PMID: 37582711 PMCID: PMC10428576 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex debilitating disease characterized by intense fear of weight gain and excessive exercise. It is the deadliest of any psychiatric disorder with a high rate of recidivism, yet its pathophysiology is unclear. The Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) paradigm is a widely accepted mouse model of AN that recapitulates hypophagia and hyperactivity despite reduced body weight, however, not the chronicity. METHODS Here, we modified the prototypical ABA paradigm to increase the time to lose 25% of baseline body weight from less than 7 days to more than 2 weeks. We used this paradigm to identify persistently altered genes after weight restoration that represent a transcriptomic memory of under-nutrition and may contribute to AN relapse using RNA sequencing. We focused on adipose tissue as it was identified as a major location of transcriptomic memory of over-nutririon. RESULTS We identified 300 dysregulated genes that were refractory to weight restroration after ABA, including Calm2 and Vps13d, which could be potential global regulators of transcriptomic memory in both chronic over- and under-nutrition. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the presence of peristent changes in the adipose tissue transcriptome in the ABA mice after weight restoration. Despite being on the opposite spectrum of weight perturbations, majority of the transcriptomic memory genes of under- and over-nutrition did not overlap, suggestive of the different mechanisms involved in these extreme nutritional statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Daisy R Chilin-Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Stephanie C Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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Deng S, Qiu Y, Zhuang Z, Wu J, Li X, Ruan D, Xu C, Zheng E, Yang M, Cai G, Yang J, Wu Z, Huang S. Genome-Wide Association Study of Body Conformation Traits in a Three-Way Crossbred Commercial Pig Population. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2414. [PMID: 37570223 PMCID: PMC10417164 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Body conformation is the most direct production index, which can fully reflect pig growth status and is closely related to critical economic traits. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on body conformation traits in a population of 1518 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) commercial pigs. These traits included body length (BL), body height (BH), chest circumference (CC), abdominal circumference (AC), and waist circumference (WC). Both the mixed linear model (MLM) and fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) approaches were employed for the analysis. Our findings revealed 60 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these body conformation traits in the crossbred pig population. Specifically, sixteen SNPs were significantly associated with BL, three SNPs with BH, thirteen SNPs with CC, twelve SNPs with AC, and sixteen SNPs with WC. Moreover, we identified several promising candidate genes located within the genomic regions associated with body conformation traits. These candidate genes include INTS10, KIRREL3, SOX21, BMP2, MAP4K3, SOD3, FAM160B1, ATL2, SPRED2, SEC16B, and RASAL2. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a novel significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on SSC7 specifically associated with waist circumference, spanning an 84 kb interval. Overall, the identification of these significant SNPs and potential candidate genes in crossbred commercial pigs enhances our understanding of the genetic basis underlying body conformation traits. Additionally, these findings provide valuable genetic resources for pig breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Deng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yibin Qiu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhanwei Zhuang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xuehua Li
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Donglin Ruan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Cineng Xu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Enqing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Yunfu Subcenter of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu 527400, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Yunfu Subcenter of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu 527400, China
| | - Sixiu Huang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.D.); (Y.Q.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (D.R.); (C.X.); (E.Z.); (G.C.); (J.Y.)
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Ding H, Yu JH, Ge G, Ma YY, Wang JC, Zhang J, Liu J. RASAL2 Deficiency Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis by Promoting Hepatic VLDL Secretion via the AKT/TET1/MTTP Axis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:261-272. [PMID: 36643045 PMCID: PMC9817063 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) is a newly discovered metabolic regulator involved in energy homeostasis and adipogenesis. However, whether RASAL2 is involved in hepatic lipid metabolism remains undetermined. This study explored the function of RASAL2 and elucidated its potential mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS NAFLD models were established either by feeding mice a high-fat diet or by incubation of hepatocytes with 1 mM free fatty acids (oleic acid:palmitic acid=2:1). Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining, BODIPY493/503 staining, and triglyceride quantification. The in vivo secretion rate of very low-density lipoprotein was determined by intravenous injection of tyloxapol. Gene regulation was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS RASAL2 deficiency ameliorated hepatic steatosis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, RASAL2 deficiency upregulated hepatic TET1 expression by activating the AKT signaling pathway and thereby promoted MTTP expression by DNA hydroxymethylation, leading to increased production and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein, which is the major carrier of triglycerides exported from the liver to distal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the first evidence that RASAL2 deficiency ameliorates hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid metabolism through the AKT/TET1/MTTP axis. These findings will help understand the pathogenesis of NAFLD and highlight the potency of RASAL2 as a new molecular target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Yu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Ge
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yun Ma
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Six-sector Industrial Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiu-Cun Wang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ganekal P, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kotrashetti S. Identification of biomarkers, pathways, and potential therapeutic targets for heart failure using next-generation sequencing data and bioinformatics analysis. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231168471. [PMID: 37092838 PMCID: PMC10134165 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231168471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is the most common cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases related deaths. Increasing molecular targets have been discovered for HF prognosis and therapy. However, there is still an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers. Therefore, we evaluated biomarkers that might aid the diagnosis and treatment of HF. METHODS We searched next-generation sequencing (NGS) dataset (GSE161472) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing 47 HF samples and 37 normal control samples using limma in R package. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed using the g: Profiler database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was plotted with Human Integrated Protein-Protein Interaction rEference (HiPPIE) and visualized using Cytoscape. Module analysis of the PPI network was done using PEWCC1. Then, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict the diagnostic effectiveness of the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 930 DEGs, 464 upregulated genes and 466 downregulated genes, were identified in HF. GO and REACTOME pathway enrichment results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in localization, small molecule metabolic process, SARS-CoV infections, and the citric acid tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport. After combining the results of the PPI network miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, 10 hub genes were selected, including heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1), arrestin beta 2 (ARRB2), myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 (HSP90AB1), filamin A (FLNA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), cullin 4A (CUL4A), YEATS domain containing 4 (YEATS4), and lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B). CONCLUSIONS This discovery-driven study might be useful to provide a novel insight into the diagnosis and treatment of HF. However, more experiments are needed in the future to investigate the functional roles of these genes in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ganekal
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, #253, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, India
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Hu Y, Zhang P, Shi Y, Dong X, Wu Y, Dong D, Li E, Fan Y. Inhibition of Ras protein activator like 2 produces antitumor effects in gastric cancer via the suppression of YAP1 activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:527-538. [PMID: 34826200 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ras protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) has a cancer-related function, but plays inconsistent roles in different malignancies. This project was designed to determine the role of RASAL2 in carcinogenesis in gastric cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed high levels of RASAL2 in gastric cancer tissue, which was confirmed in clinical specimens of gastric cancer via real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting assays. High RASAL2 was correlated with a reduced survival rate in gastric cancer patients. In gastric cancer cell lines, the silencing of RASAL2 restrained cellular proliferation, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, while enhancing chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Mechanistically, the silencing of RASAL2 was found to inhibit the activation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a pro-oncogenic protein in gastric cancer, and decrease the expression of YAP1 target genes. The re-expression of constitutively active YAP1 substantially reversed RASAL2-silencing-produced antitumor effects. Moreover, treatment with YAP1 inhibitors could diminish RASAL2-overexpression-evoked oncogenic effects in gastric cancer cells. Additionally, gastric cancer cells with RASAL2 silencing exhibited a reduced ability to form xenograft tumors in nude mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the silencing of RASAL2 has noteworthy antitumor effects in gastric cancer cells via the suppression of YAP1 activation. This project underscores a vital role of the RASAL2/YAP1 axis in gastric progression and indicates that targeting this oncogenic axis may be applied as a potential therapeutic option for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Pengchuang Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xuyuan Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yinying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yangwei Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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Hu S, Zhao Y, Qiu C, Li Y. RAS protein activator like 2 promotes the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell through AKT/mammalian target of Rapamycin complex 1 pathway in pulmonary hypertension. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3516-3526. [PMID: 35044284 PMCID: PMC8973935 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS protein activator like 2 (Rasal2) exerts pro-proliferative effect in several types of cells. However, whether Rasal2 is involved in the regulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) remains unclear. In the current study, we explored the role of Rasal2 in proliferation and migration of PASMC during the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We found that the protein level of Rasal2 was increased in both pulmonary arteries of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (CH-PH) mice and hypoxia-challenged PASMC. Overexpression of Rasal2 caused enhanced proliferation and migration of PASMC after hypoxia exposure. Mechanistically, we found elevated phosphorylation of AKT and two downstream effectors of mammalian target of Rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), S6 and 4E-Binding Protein 1 (4EBP1) after Rasal2 overexpression in hypoxia-challenged PASMC. Inactivation of mTORC1 abolished Rasal2-mediated enhancement of proliferation and migration of PASMC. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that AKT might act downstream of Rasal2 to enhance the activity of mTORC1. Once AKT was inactivated by MK-2206 application, overexpression of Rasal2 failed to further increase the phosphorylation level of S6 and 4EBP1. Finally, inhibition of AKT also blocked Rasal2-induced proliferation and migration in hypoxia-challenged PASMC. In conclusion, Rasal2 promotes the proliferation and migration of PASMC during the development of PAH via AKT/mTORC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Youguang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chenming Qiu
- Department of Burn, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Insight into the Candidate Genes and Enriched Pathways Associated with Height, Length, Length to Height Ratio and Body-Weight of Korean Indigenous Breed, Jindo Dog Using Gene Set Enrichment-Based GWAS Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113136. [PMID: 34827868 PMCID: PMC8614278 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a companion and hunting dog, height, length, length to height ratio (LHR) and body-weight are the vital economic traits for Jindo dog. Human selection and targeted breeding have produced an extraordinary diversity in these traits. Therefore, the identification of causative markers, genes and pathways that help us to understand the genetic basis of this variability is essential for their selection purposes. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) combined with enrichment analysis on 757 dogs using 118,879 SNPs. The genomic heritability (h2) was 0.33 for height and 0.28 for weight trait in Jindo. At p-value < 5 × 10-5, ten, six, thirteen and eleven SNPs on different chromosomes were significantly associated with height, length, LHR and body-weight traits, respectively. Based on our results, HHIP, LCORL and NCAPG for height, IGFI and FGFR3 for length, DLK1 and EFEMP1 for LHR and PTPN2, IGFI and RASAL2 for weight can be the potential candidate genes because of the significant SNPs located in their intronic or upstream regions. The gene-set enrichment analysis highlighted here nine and seven overlapping significant (p < 0.05) gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways among traits. Interestingly, the highlighted pathways were related to hormone synthesis, secretion and signalling were generally involved in the metabolism, growth and development process. Our data provide an insight into the significant genes and pathways if verified further, which will have a significant effect on the breeding of the Jindo dog's population.
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Zhou B, Zhu W, Jiang X, Ren C. RASAL2 Plays Inconsistent Roles in Different Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1235. [PMID: 31799194 PMCID: PMC6863963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) belongs to the RAS GTPase-activating protein family and plays an important role in several cancers, including ovarian cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, malignant astrocytoma, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Traditionally, RASAL2 has been regarded as a tumor suppressor but recent studies have found that it is an oncogene in specific types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer, liver cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, triple-negative/estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the latest findings regarding RASAL2 in cancers, which may be important and useful in clinical practice. We discussed the specific functions and mechanisms of RASAL2 in different kinds of cancer cells (including its inhibition of invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis and its opposite effects), which may provide new directions for cancer research and treatments. RASAL2 exhibits different relationship with clinical cancer stage, histological grade, prognosis and overall survival in different kinds of tumor. RASAL2 is a potential prognostic factor and a new therapeutic target for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ding Y, Cui J, Wang Q, Shen S, Xu T, Tang H, Han M, Wu X. The Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Vkorc1l1 Promotes Preadipocyte Differentiation in Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1303-1311. [PMID: 29963761 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of novel regulators involved in adipose development is important to understand the molecular mechanism underlying obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Through isolation and analysis of a vitamin K epoxide reductase Vkorc1l1 mutant, this study aimed to disclose its function and underlying mechanism in adipose development and to obtain valuable insights regarding the mechanism of obesity. METHODS A Vkorc1l1 mutation recovered from a forward genetic screen for obesity-related loci in mice was characterized to explore its effects in gene expression, animal metabolism, and adipose development. Adipogenesis was evaluated in both Vkorc1l1 mutant stromal vascular fraction and Vkorc1l1 knockdown preadipocytes. Intracellular vitamin K2 level and the effect of vitamin K2 on adipogenesis were tested in primary preadipocytes. RESULTS Vkorc1l1 mutants displayed a considerably lower fat to body weight ratio, substantially decreased plasma leptin, and significantly underdeveloped white adipose tissue. Adipogenic defects related with Vkorc1l1 deficiency were observed both in vivo and in vitro. Vitamin K2 could inhibit adipogenesis in stromal vascular fraction. Increased intracellular vitamin K2 level was detected in Vkorc1l1 mutant preadipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Vkorc1l1 promotes adipogenesis and possibly obesity. Downregulation of Vkorc1l1 increases intracellular vitamin K2 level and impedes preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Suqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gao L, Xu Z, Rao Y, Lu YT, Hu YT, Yu H, Xu YH, Song QQ, Ye JM, Huang ZS. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bouchardatine analogs as potential inhibitors of adipogenesis/lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:90-101. [PMID: 29425817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the differentiation of adipocytes and reduced lipid synthesis are efficacious approaches for treating obesity-related metabolic disorders. Bouchardatine (Bou) is a natural alkaloid that has been reported to moderately inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells without inducing toxicity. To explore the importance of aldehyde group at 8a-position of Bou and optimize the activity, we synthesized 35 (31 novel) compounds by discarding or replacing aldehyde group with halogen and introducing different amine chains at 5-position of Bou. The lipid-lowering activity was evaluated using a cell-based screening system. The substitution of the group at the 8a-position of compounds was important for its lipid-lowering activity, and the SAR was discussed. The selective compound 6e showed a 93-fold increase in its lipid-lowering effect (EC50 = 0.24 μM) compared with Bou (EC50 ≈ 25 μM). Further mechanistic studies revealed that compound 6e activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and inhibited MCE activity to block cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest at the early stage of differentiation, thus decreasing the expression of adipogenic factors and fatty acid synthesis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Tao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yao-Hao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing-Qing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Molecular Pharmacology for Diabetes Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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