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Prabhu P, Morise H, Kudo K, Beagle A, Mizuiri D, Syed F, Kotegar KA, Findlay A, Miller BL, Kramer JH, Rankin KP, Garcia PA, Kirsch HE, Vossel K, Nagarajan SS, Ranasinghe KG. Abnormal gamma phase-amplitude coupling in the parahippocampal cortex is associated with network hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae121. [PMID: 38665964 PMCID: PMC11043655 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown altered gamma oscillations (∼40 Hz) in local neural circuits, the low signal-to-noise ratio of gamma in the resting human brain precludes its quantification via conventional spectral estimates. Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) indicating the dynamic integration between the gamma amplitude and the phase of low-frequency (4-12 Hz) oscillations is a useful alternative to capture local gamma activity. In addition, PAC is also an index of neuronal excitability as the phase of low-frequency oscillations that modulate gamma amplitude, effectively regulates the excitability of local neuronal firing. In this study, we sought to examine the local neuronal activity and excitability using gamma PAC, within brain regions vulnerable to early AD pathophysiology-entorhinal cortex and parahippocampus, in a clinical population of patients with AD and age-matched controls. Our clinical cohorts consisted of a well-characterized cohort of AD patients (n = 50; age, 60 ± 8 years) with positive AD biomarkers, and age-matched, cognitively unimpaired controls (n = 35; age, 63 ± 5.8 years). We identified the presence or the absence of epileptiform activity in AD patients (AD patients with epileptiform activity, AD-EPI+, n = 20; AD patients without epileptiform activity, AD-EPI-, n = 30) using long-term electroencephalography (LTM-EEG) and 1-hour long magnetoencephalography (MEG) with simultaneous EEG. Using the source reconstructed MEG data, we computed gamma PAC as the coupling between amplitude of the gamma frequency (30-40 Hz) with phase of the theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency oscillations, within entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices. We found that patients with AD have reduced gamma PAC in the left parahippocampal cortex, compared to age-matched controls. Furthermore, AD-EPI+ patients showed greater reductions in gamma PAC than AD-EPI- in bilateral parahippocampal cortices. In contrast, entorhinal cortices did not show gamma PAC abnormalities in patients with AD. Our findings demonstrate the spatial patterns of altered gamma oscillations indicating possible region-specific manifestations of network hyperexcitability within medial temporal lobe regions vulnerable to AD pathophysiology. Greater deficits in AD-EPI+ suggests that reduced gamma PAC is a sensitive index of network hyperexcitability in AD patients. Collectively, the current results emphasize the importance of investigating the role of neural circuit hyperexcitability in early AD pathophysiology and explore its potential as a modifiable contributor to AD pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Prabhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Data science and Computer Applications, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Hirofumi Morise
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Medical Imaging Business Center, Ricoh Company Ltd., Kanazawa 920-0177, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Kudo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Medical Imaging Business Center, Ricoh Company Ltd., Kanazawa 920-0177, Japan
| | - Alexander Beagle
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Faatimah Syed
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Karunakar A Kotegar
- Department of Data science and Computer Applications, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Anne Findlay
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Paul A Garcia
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Heidi E Kirsch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Keith Vossel
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Kudo K, Ranasinghe KG, Morise H, Syed F, Sekihara K, Rankin KP, Miller BL, Kramer JH, Rabinovici GD, Vossel K, Kirsch HE, Nagarajan SS. Neurophysiological trajectories in Alzheimer's disease progression. eLife 2024; 12:RP91044. [PMID: 38546337 PMCID: PMC10977971 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β and misfolded tau proteins causing synaptic dysfunction, and progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Altered neural oscillations have been consistently demonstrated in AD. However, the trajectories of abnormal neural oscillations in AD progression and their relationship to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are unknown. Here, we deployed robust event-based sequencing models (EBMs) to investigate the trajectories of long-range and local neural synchrony across AD stages, estimated from resting-state magnetoencephalography. The increases in neural synchrony in the delta-theta band and the decreases in the alpha and beta bands showed progressive changes throughout the stages of the EBM. Decreases in alpha and beta band synchrony preceded both neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, indicating that frequency-specific neuronal synchrony abnormalities are early manifestations of AD pathophysiology. The long-range synchrony effects were greater than the local synchrony, indicating a greater sensitivity of connectivity metrics involving multiple regions of the brain. These results demonstrate the evolution of functional neuronal deficits along the sequence of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Kudo
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Medical Imaging Business Center, Ricoh Company LtdKanazawaJapan
| | - Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Hirofumi Morise
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Medical Imaging Business Center, Ricoh Company LtdKanazawaJapan
| | - Faatimah Syed
- Memory and Aging Center,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Keith Vossel
- Memory and Aging Center,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Heidi E Kirsch
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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Maglov J, Feng MY, Lin D, Barkhouse K, Alexander A, Grbic M, Zhurov V, Grbic V, Tudzarova S. A link between energy metabolism and plant host adaptation states in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Sci Rep 2023; 13:19343. [PMID: 37935795 PMCID: PMC10630510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism is a highly conserved process that balances generation of cellular energy and maintenance of redox homeostasis. It consists of five interconnected pathways: glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate, trans-sulfuration, and NAD+ biosynthesis pathways. Environmental stress rewires cellular energy metabolism. Type-2 diabetes is a well-studied energy metabolism rewiring state in human pancreatic β-cells where glucose metabolism is uncoupled from insulin secretion. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), exhibits a remarkable ability to adapt to environmental stress. Upon transfer to unfavourable plant hosts, mites experience extreme xenobiotic stress that dramatically affects their survivorship and fecundity. However, within 25 generations, mites adapt to the xenobiotic stress and restore their fitness. Mites' ability to withstand long-term xenobiotic stress raises a question of their energy metabolism states during host adaptation. Here, we compared the transcriptional responses of five energy metabolism pathways between host-adapted and non-adapted mites while using responses in human pancreatic islet donors to model these pathways under stress. We found that non-adapted mites and human pancreatic β-cells responded in a similar manner to host plant transfer and diabetogenic stress respectively, where redox homeostasis maintenance was favoured over energy generation. Remarkably, we found that upon host-adaptation, mite energy metabolic states were restored to normal. These findings suggest that genes involved in energy metabolism can serve as molecular markers for mite host-adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorden Maglov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Min Yi Feng
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Dorothy Lin
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kennedy Barkhouse
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Anton Alexander
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Slavica Tudzarova
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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4
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Bar-Ziv R, Dutta N, Hruby A, Sukarto E, Averbukh M, Alcala A, Henderson HR, Durieux J, Tronnes SU, Ahmad Q, Bolas T, Perez J, Dishart JG, Vega M, Garcia G, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Dillin A. Glial-derived mitochondrial signals affect neuronal proteostasis and aging. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi1411. [PMID: 37831769 PMCID: PMC10575585 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system plays a critical role in maintaining whole-organism homeostasis; neurons experiencing mitochondrial stress can coordinate the induction of protective cellular pathways, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT), between tissues. However, these studies largely ignored nonneuronal cells of the nervous system. Here, we found that UPRMT activation in four astrocyte-like glial cells in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, can promote protein homeostasis by alleviating protein aggregation in neurons. Unexpectedly, we find that glial cells use small clear vesicles (SCVs) to signal to neurons, which then relay the signal to the periphery using dense-core vesicles (DCVs). This work underlines the importance of glia in establishing and regulating protein homeostasis within the nervous system, which can then affect neuron-mediated effects in organismal homeostasis and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Bar-Ziv
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Naibedya Dutta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Adam Hruby
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Edward Sukarto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maxim Averbukh
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Athena Alcala
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hope R. Henderson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sarah U. Tronnes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qazi Ahmad
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Theodore Bolas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joel Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Julian G. Dishart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew Vega
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gilberto Garcia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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5
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Muthaiyan Shanmugam M, Chaudhuri J, Sellegounder D, Sahu AK, Guha S, Chamoli M, Hodge B, Bose N, Roberts C, Farrera DO, Lithgow G, Sarpong R, Galligan JJ, Kapahi P. Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone, MG-H1, increases food intake by altering tyramine signaling via the GATA transcription factor ELT-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2023; 12:e82446. [PMID: 37728328 PMCID: PMC10611433 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between amino acids and sugars, is exploited to produce flavorful food ubiquitously, from the baking industry to our everyday lives. However, the Maillard reaction also occurs in all cells, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, forming advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds resulting from the irreversible reaction between biomolecules and α-dicarbonyls (α-DCs), including methylglyoxal (MGO), an unavoidable byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis and lipid peroxidation. We previously demonstrated that Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking the glod-4 glyoxalase enzyme displayed enhanced accumulation of α-DCs, reduced lifespan, increased neuronal damage, and touch hypersensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that glod-4 mutation increased food intake and identify that MGO-derived hydroimidazolone, MG-H1, is a mediator of the observed increase in food intake. RNAseq analysis in glod-4 knockdown worms identified upregulation of several neurotransmitters and feeding genes. Suppressor screening of the overfeeding phenotype identified the tdc-1-tyramine-tyra-2/ser-2 signaling as an essential pathway mediating AGE (MG-H1)-induced feeding in glod-4 mutants. We also identified the elt-3 GATA transcription factor as an essential upstream regulator for increased feeding upon accumulation of AGEs by partially controlling the expression of tdc-1 gene. Furthermore, the lack of either tdc-1 or tyra-2/ser-2 receptors suppresses the reduced lifespan and rescues neuronal damage observed in glod-4 mutants. Thus, in C. elegans, we identified an elt-3 regulated tyramine-dependent pathway mediating the toxic effects of MG-H1 AGE. Understanding this signaling pathway may help understand hedonistic overfeeding behavior observed due to modern AGE-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanjib Guha
- The Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | - Manish Chamoli
- The Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | - Brian Hodge
- The Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | - Neelanjan Bose
- The Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | - Charis Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Dominique O Farrera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Gordon Lithgow
- The Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - James J Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- The Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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6
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Nieto-Torres JL, Zaretski S, Liu T, Adams PD, Hansen M. Post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins - an emerging mechanism of autophagy control. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs259725. [PMID: 37589340 PMCID: PMC10445744 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a recycling mechanism involved in cellular homeostasis with key implications for health and disease. The conjugation of the ATG8 family proteins, which includes LC3B (also known as MAP1LC3B), to autophagosome membranes, constitutes a hallmark of the canonical autophagy process. After ATG8 proteins are conjugated to the autophagosome membranes via lipidation, they orchestrate a plethora of protein-protein interactions that support key steps of the autophagy process. These include binding to cargo receptors to allow cargo recruitment, association with proteins implicated in autophagosome transport and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. How these diverse and critical protein-protein interactions are regulated is still not well understood. Recent reports have highlighted crucial roles for post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins in the regulation of ATG8 functions and the autophagy process. This Review summarizes the main post-translational regulatory events discovered to date to influence the autophagy process, mostly described in mammalian cells, including ubiquitylation, acetylation, lipidation and phosphorylation, as well as their known contributions to the autophagy process, physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Nieto-Torres
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Sviatlana Zaretski
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Buck Institute for Aging Research, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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7
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Zapata RC, Nasamran CA, Chilin-Fuentes DR, Dulawa SC, Osborn O. Identification of adipose tissue transcriptomic memory of anorexia nervosa. Mol Med 2023; 29:109. [PMID: 37582711 PMCID: PMC10428576 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex debilitating disease characterized by intense fear of weight gain and excessive exercise. It is the deadliest of any psychiatric disorder with a high rate of recidivism, yet its pathophysiology is unclear. The Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) paradigm is a widely accepted mouse model of AN that recapitulates hypophagia and hyperactivity despite reduced body weight, however, not the chronicity. METHODS Here, we modified the prototypical ABA paradigm to increase the time to lose 25% of baseline body weight from less than 7 days to more than 2 weeks. We used this paradigm to identify persistently altered genes after weight restoration that represent a transcriptomic memory of under-nutrition and may contribute to AN relapse using RNA sequencing. We focused on adipose tissue as it was identified as a major location of transcriptomic memory of over-nutririon. RESULTS We identified 300 dysregulated genes that were refractory to weight restroration after ABA, including Calm2 and Vps13d, which could be potential global regulators of transcriptomic memory in both chronic over- and under-nutrition. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the presence of peristent changes in the adipose tissue transcriptome in the ABA mice after weight restoration. Despite being on the opposite spectrum of weight perturbations, majority of the transcriptomic memory genes of under- and over-nutrition did not overlap, suggestive of the different mechanisms involved in these extreme nutritional statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Daisy R Chilin-Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Stephanie C Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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8
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Garcia G, Zhang H, Moreno S, Tsui CK, Webster BM, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Dillin A. Lipid homeostasis is essential for a maximal ER stress response. eLife 2023; 12:e83884. [PMID: 37489956 PMCID: PMC10368420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in lipid metabolism are associated with aging and age-related diseases, including proteopathies. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is uniquely a major hub for protein and lipid synthesis, making its function essential for both protein and lipid homeostasis. However, it is less clear how lipid metabolism and protein quality may impact each other. Here, we identified let-767, a putative hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in Caenorhabditis elegans, as an essential gene for both lipid and ER protein homeostasis. Knockdown of let-767 reduces lipid stores, alters ER morphology in a lipid-dependent manner, and blocks induction of the Unfolded Protein Response of the ER (UPRER). Interestingly, a global reduction in lipogenic pathways restores UPRER induction in animals with reduced let-767. Specifically, we find that supplementation of 3-oxoacyl, the predicted metabolite directly upstream of let-767, is sufficient to block induction of the UPRER. This study highlights a novel interaction through which changes in lipid metabolism can alter a cell's response to protein-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Sophia Moreno
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Brant Michael Webster
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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9
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Ahadi S, Wilson KA, Babenko B, McLean CY, Bryant D, Pritchard O, Kumar A, Carrera EM, Lamy R, Stewart JM, Varadarajan A, Berndl M, Kapahi P, Bashir A. Longitudinal fundus imaging and its genome-wide association analysis provide evidence for a human retinal aging clock. eLife 2023; 12:e82364. [PMID: 36975205 PMCID: PMC10110236 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological age, distinct from an individual's chronological age, has been studied extensively through predictive aging clocks. However, these clocks have limited accuracy in short time-scales. Here we trained deep learning models on fundus images from the EyePACS dataset to predict individuals' chronological age. Our retinal aging clocking, 'eyeAge', predicted chronological age more accurately than other aging clocks (mean absolute error of 2.86 and 3.30 years on quality-filtered data from EyePACS and UK Biobank, respectively). Additionally, eyeAge was independent of blood marker-based measures of biological age, maintaining an all-cause mortality hazard ratio of 1.026 even when adjusted for phenotypic age. The individual-specific nature of eyeAge was reinforced via multiple GWAS hits in the UK Biobank cohort. The top GWAS locus was further validated via knockdown of the fly homolog, Alk, which slowed age-related decline in vision in flies. This study demonstrates the potential utility of a retinal aging clock for studying aging and age-related diseases and quantitatively measuring aging on very short time-scales, opening avenues for quick and actionable evaluation of gero-protective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahadi
- Google ResearchMountain ViewUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | | | - Ricardo Lamy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma CenterSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jay M Stewart
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | - Ali Bashir
- Google ResearchMountain ViewUnited States
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10
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Roy ARK, Datta S, Hardy E, Sturm VE, Kramer JH, Seeley WW, Rankin KP, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Perry DC. Behavioural subphenotypes and their anatomic correlates in neurodegenerative disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad038. [PMID: 36910420 PMCID: PMC9999361 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with neurodegenerative disorders experience a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The neural correlates have been explored for many individual symptoms, such as apathy and disinhibition. Atrophy patterns have also been associated with broadly recognized syndromes that bring together multiple symptoms, such as the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. There is substantial heterogeneity of symptoms, with partial overlap of behaviour and affected neuroanatomy across and within dementia subtypes. It is not well established if there are anatomically distinct behavioural subphenotypes in neurodegenerative disease. The objective of this study was to identify shared behavioural profiles in frontotemporal dementia-spectrum and Alzheimer's disease-related syndromes. Additionally, we sought to determine the underlying neural correlates of these symptom clusters. Two hundred and eighty-one patients diagnosed with one of seven different dementia syndromes, in addition to healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, completed a 109-item assessment capturing the severity of a range of clinical behaviours. A principal component analysis captured distinct clusters of related behaviours. Voxel-based morphometry analyses were used to identify regions of volume loss associated with each component. Seven components were identified and interpreted as capturing the following behaviours: Component 1-emotional bluntness, 2-emotional lability and disinhibition, 3-neuroticism, 4-rigidity and impatience, 5-indiscriminate consumption, 6-psychosis and 7-Geschwind syndrome-related behaviours. Correlations with structural brain volume revealed distinct neuroanatomical patterns associated with each component, including after controlling for diagnosis, suggesting that localized neurodegeneration can lead to the development of behavioural symptom clusters across various dementia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlin R K Roy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - Samir Datta
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - Emily Hardy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - Virginia E Sturm
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
| | - David C Perry
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco 94158, USA
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11
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Quandt Z, Kim S, Villanueva-Meyer J, Coupe C, Young A, Kang JH, Yazdany J, Schmajuk G, Rush S, Ziv E, Perdigoto AL, Herold K, Lechner MG, Su MA, Tyrrell JB, Bluestone J, Anderson M, Masharani U. Spectrum of Clinical Presentations, Imaging Findings, and HLA Types in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad012. [PMID: 36860908 PMCID: PMC9969737 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Hypophysitis is a known immune-related adverse event (irAE) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), commonly associated with CTLA-4 inhibitors and less often with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Objective We aimed to determine clinical, imaging, and HLA characteristics of CPI-induced hypophysitis (CPI-hypophysitis). Methods We examined the clinical and biochemical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, and association with HLA type in patients with CPI-hypophysitis. Results Forty-nine patients were identified. Mean age was 61.3 years, 61.2% were men, 81.6% were Caucasian, 38.8% had melanoma, and 44.5% received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy while the remainder received CTLA-4 inhibitor monotherapy or CTLA-4/PD-1 inhibitor combination therapy. A comparison of CTLA-4 inhibitor exposure vs PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy revealed faster time to CPI-hypophysitis (median 84 vs 185 days, P < .01) and abnormal pituitary appearance on MRI (odds ratio 7.00, P = .03). We observed effect modification by sex in the association between CPI type and time to CPI-hypophysitis. In particular, anti-CTLA-4 exposed men had a shorter time to onset than women. MRI changes of the pituitary were most common at the time of hypophysitis diagnosis (55.6% enlarged, 37.0% normal, 7.4% empty or partially empty) but persisted in follow-up (23.8% enlarged, 57.1% normal, 19.1% empty or partially empty). HLA typing was done on 55 subjects; HLA type DQ0602 was over-represented in CPI-hypophysitis relative to the Caucasian American population (39.4% vs 21.5%, P = 0.01) and CPI population. Conclusion The association of CPI-hypophysitis with HLA DQ0602 suggests a genetic risk for its development. The clinical phenotype of hypophysitis appears heterogenous, with differences in timing of onset, changes in thyroid function tests, MRI changes, and possibly sex related to CPI type. These factors may play an important role in our mechanistic understanding of CPI-hypophysitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Quandt
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Javier Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Catherine Coupe
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Arabella Young
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jee Hye Kang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Gabriela Schmajuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephanie Rush
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Perdigoto
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kevan Herold
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Melissa G Lechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maureen A Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - J Blake Tyrrell
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Mark Anderson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Umesh Masharani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
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12
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Zheng X, Higdon L, Gaudet A, Shah M, Balistieri A, Li C, Nadai P, Palaniappan L, Yang X, Santo B, Ginley B, Wang XX, Myakala K, Nallagatla P, Levi M, Sarder P, Rosenberg A, Maltzman JS, de Freitas Caires N, Bhalla V. Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 Inhibits Albuminuria in Diabetic Mice. Kidney360 2022; 3:2059-2076. [PMID: 36591362 PMCID: PMC9802554 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of kidney failure in the world, and novel predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of disease are needed. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Esm-1) is a secreted proteoglycan that attenuates inflammation. We previously identified that a glomerular deficiency of Esm-1 associates with more pronounced albuminuria and glomerular inflammation in DKD-susceptible relative to DKD-resistant mice, but its contribution to DKD remains unexplored. Methods Using hydrodynamic tail-vein injection, we overexpress Esm-1 in DKD-susceptible DBA/2 mice and delete Esm-1 in DKD-resistant C57BL/6 mice to study the contribution of Esm-1 to DKD. We analyze clinical indices of DKD, leukocyte infiltration, podocytopenia, and extracellular matrix production. We also study transcriptomic changes to assess potential mechanisms of Esm-1 in glomeruli. Results In DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 inversely correlates with albuminuria and glomerular leukocyte infiltration. We show that overexpression of Esm-1 reduces albuminuria and diabetes-induced podocyte injury, independent of changes in leukocyte infiltration. Using a complementary approach, we find that constitutive deletion of Esm-1 in DKD-resistant mice modestly increases the degree of diabetes-induced albuminuria versus wild-type controls. By glomerular RNAseq, we identify that Esm-1 attenuates expression of kidney disease-promoting and interferon (IFN)-related genes, including Ackr2 and Cxcl11. Conclusions We demonstrate that, in DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 protects against diabetes-induced albuminuria and podocytopathy, possibly through select IFN signaling. Companion studies in patients with diabetes suggest a role of Esm-1 in human DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lauren Higdon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Alexandre Gaudet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Manav Shah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Angela Balistieri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Catherine Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Patricia Nadai
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Division of Kidney-Urologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Briana Santo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Brandon Ginley
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiaoxin X. Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Division of Kidney-Urologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan S. Maltzman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Nathalie de Freitas Caires
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Biothelis, Lille, France
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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13
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Younes K, Borghesani V, Montembeault M, Spina S, Mandelli ML, Welch AE, Weis E, Callahan P, Elahi FM, Hua AY, Perry DC, Karydas A, Geschwind D, Huang E, Grinberg LT, Kramer JH, Boxer AL, Rabinovici GD, Rosen HJ, Seeley WW, Miller ZA, Miller BL, Sturm VE, Rankin KP, Gorno-Tempini ML. Right temporal degeneration and socioemotional semantics: semantic behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2022; 145:4080-4096. [PMID: 35731122 PMCID: PMC10200288 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal anterior temporal lobe degeneration often preferentially affects the left or right hemisphere. While patients with left-predominant anterior temporal lobe atrophy show severe anomia and verbal semantic deficits and meet criteria for semantic variant primary progressive aphasia and semantic dementia, patients with early right anterior temporal lobe atrophy are more difficult to diagnose as their symptoms are less well understood. Focal right anterior temporal lobe atrophy is associated with prominent emotional and behavioural changes, and patients often meet, or go on to meet, criteria for behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Uncertainty around early symptoms and absence of an overarching clinico-anatomical framework continue to hinder proper diagnosis and care of patients with right anterior temporal lobe disease. Here, we examine a large, well-characterized, longitudinal cohort of patients with right anterior temporal lobe-predominant degeneration and propose new criteria and nosology. We identified individuals from our database with a clinical diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia or semantic variant primary progressive aphasia and a structural MRI (n = 478). On the basis of neuroimaging criteria, we defined three patient groups: right anterior temporal lobe-predominant atrophy with relative sparing of the frontal lobes (n = 46), frontal-predominant atrophy with relative sparing of the right anterior temporal lobe (n = 79) and left-predominant anterior temporal lobe-predominant atrophy with relative sparing of the frontal lobes (n = 75). We compared the clinical, neuropsychological, genetic and pathological profiles of these groups. In the right anterior temporal lobe-predominant group, the earliest symptoms were loss of empathy (27%), person-specific semantic impairment (23%) and complex compulsions and rigid thought process (18%). On testing, this group exhibited greater impairments in Emotional Theory of Mind, recognition of famous people (from names and faces) and facial affect naming (despite preserved face perception) than the frontal- and left-predominant anterior temporal lobe-predominant groups. The clinical symptoms in the first 3 years of the disease alone were highly sensitive (81%) and specific (84%) differentiating right anterior temporal lobe-predominant from frontal-predominant groups. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration-transactive response DNA binding protein (84%) was the most common pathology of the right anterior temporal lobe-predominant group. Right anterior temporal lobe-predominant degeneration is characterized by early loss of empathy and person-specific knowledge, deficits that are caused by progressive decline in semantic memory for concepts of socioemotional relevance. Guided by our results, we outline new diagnostic criteria and propose the name, 'semantic behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia', which highlights the underlying cognitive mechanism and the predominant symptomatology. These diagnostic criteria will facilitate early identification and care of patients with early, focal right anterior temporal lobe degeneration as well as in vivo prediction of frontotemporal lobar degeneration-transactive response DNA binding protein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyan Younes
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Valentina Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maxime Montembeault
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ariane E Welch
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elizabeth Weis
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Patrick Callahan
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alice Y Hua
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David C Perry
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Virginia E Sturm
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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14
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Dai J, Liakath-Ali K, Golf SR, Südhof TC. Distinct neurexin-cerebellin complexes control AMPA- and NMDA-receptor responses in a circuit-dependent manner. eLife 2022; 11:e78649. [PMID: 36205393 PMCID: PMC9586558 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
At CA1→subiculum synapses, alternatively spliced neurexin-1 (Nrxn1SS4+) and neurexin-3 (Nrxn3SS4+) enhance NMDA-receptors and suppress AMPA-receptors, respectively, without affecting synapse formation. Nrxn1SS4+ and Nrxn3SS4+ act by binding to secreted cerebellin-2 (Cbln2) that in turn activates postsynaptic GluD1 receptors. Whether neurexin-Cbln2-GluD1 signaling has additional functions besides regulating NMDA- and AMPA-receptors, and whether such signaling performs similar roles at other synapses, however, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate using constitutive Cbln2 deletions in mice that at CA1→subiculum synapses, Cbln2 performs no additional developmental roles besides regulating AMPA- and NMDA-receptors. Moreover, low-level expression of functionally redundant Cbln1 did not compensate for a possible synapse-formation function of Cbln2 at CA1→subiculum synapses. In exploring the generality of these findings, we examined the prefrontal cortex where Cbln2 was recently implicated in spinogenesis, and the cerebellum where Cbln1 is known to regulate parallel-fiber synapses. In the prefrontal cortex, Nrxn1SS4+-Cbln2 signaling selectively controlled NMDA-receptors without affecting spine or synapse numbers, whereas Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln2 signaling had no apparent role. In the cerebellum, conversely, Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln1 signaling regulated AMPA-receptors, whereas now Nrxn1SS4+-Cbln1 signaling had no manifest effect. Thus, Nrxn1SS4+- and Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln1/2 signaling complexes differentially control NMDA- and AMPA-receptors in different synapses in diverse neural circuits without regulating synapse or spine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Dai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Kif Liakath-Ali
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Samantha Rose Golf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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15
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Ranasinghe KG, Verma P, Cai C, Xie X, Kudo K, Gao X, Lerner H, Mizuiri D, Strom A, Iaccarino L, La Joie R, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rankin KP, Jagust WJ, Vossel K, Rabinovici GD, Raj A, Nagarajan SS. Altered excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subpopulation parameters are distinctly associated with tau and amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. eLife 2022; 11:e77850. [PMID: 35616532 PMCID: PMC9217132 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal- and circuit-level abnormalities of excitation and inhibition are shown to be associated with tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ) in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These relationships remain poorly understood in patients with AD. Methods Using empirical spectra from magnetoencephalography and computational modeling (neural mass model), we examined excitatory and inhibitory parameters of neuronal subpopulations and investigated their specific associations to regional tau and Aβ, measured by positron emission tomography, in patients with AD. Results Patients with AD showed abnormal excitatory and inhibitory time-constants and neural gains compared to age-matched controls. Increased excitatory time-constants distinctly correlated with higher tau depositions while increased inhibitory time-constants distinctly correlated with higher Aβ depositions. Conclusions Our results provide critical insights about potential mechanistic links between abnormal neural oscillations and cellular correlates of impaired excitatory and inhibitory synaptic functions associated with tau and Aβ in patients with AD. Funding This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants: K08AG058749 (KGR), F32AG050434-01A1 (KGR), K23 AG038357 (KAV), P50 AG023501, P01 AG19724 (BLM), P50-AG023501 (BLM and GDR), R01 AG045611 (GDR); AG034570, AG062542 (WJ); NS100440 (SSN), DC176960 (SSN), DC017091 (SSN), AG062196 (SSN); a grant from John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation (KAV); grants from Larry L. Hillblom Foundation: 2015-A-034-FEL (KGR), 2019-A-013-SUP (KGR); grants from the Alzheimer's Association: AARG-21-849773 (KGR); PCTRB-13-288476 (KAV), and made possible by Part the CloudTM (ETAC-09-133596); a grant from Tau Consortium (GDR and WJJ), and a gift from the S. D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Parul Verma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Xihe Xie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Kiwamu Kudo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Medical Imaging Business Center, Ricoh CompanyKanazawaJapan
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Hannah Lerner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Amelia Strom
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Keith Vossel
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ashish Raj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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16
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Ranasinghe KG, Kudo K, Hinkley L, Beagle A, Lerner H, Mizuiri D, Findlay A, Miller BL, Kramer JH, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rabinovici GD, Rankin KP, Garcia PA, Kirsch HE, Vossel K, Nagarajan SS. Neuronal synchrony abnormalities associated with subclinical epileptiform activity in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2022; 145:744-753. [PMID: 34919638 PMCID: PMC9630715 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first demonstrations of network hyperexcitability in scientific models of Alzheimer's disease, a growing body of clinical studies have identified subclinical epileptiform activity and associated cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. An obvious problem presented in these studies is lack of sensitive measures to detect and quantify network hyperexcitability in human subjects. In this study we examined whether altered neuronal synchrony can be a surrogate marker to quantify network hyperexcitability in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) at rest, we studied 30 Alzheimer's disease patients without subclinical epileptiform activity, 20 Alzheimer's disease patients with subclinical epileptiform activity and 35 age-matched controls. Presence of subclinical epileptiform activity was assessed in patients with Alzheimer's disease by long-term video-EEG and a 1-h resting MEG with simultaneous EEG. Using the resting-state source-space reconstructed MEG signal, in patients and controls we computed the global imaginary coherence in alpha (8-12 Hz) and delta-theta (2-8 Hz) oscillatory frequencies. We found that Alzheimer's disease patients with subclinical epileptiform activity have greater reductions in alpha imaginary coherence and greater enhancements in delta-theta imaginary coherence than Alzheimer's disease patients without subclinical epileptiform activity, and that these changes can distinguish between Alzheimer's disease patients with subclinical epileptiform activity and Alzheimer's disease patients without subclinical epileptiform activity with high accuracy. Finally, a principal component regression analysis showed that the variance of frequency-specific neuronal synchrony predicts longitudinal changes in Mini-Mental State Examination in patients and controls. Our results demonstrate that quantitative neurophysiological measures are sensitive biomarkers of network hyperexcitability and can be used to improve diagnosis and to select appropriate patients for the right therapy in the next-generation clinical trials. The current results provide an integrative framework for investigating network hyperexcitability and network dysfunction together with cognitive and clinical correlates in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kiwamu Kudo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Imaging Business Center, Ricoh Company, Ltd, Kanazawa 920-0177, Japan
| | - Leighton Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Beagle
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Lerner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Findlay
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Garcia
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heidi E Kirsch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keith Vossel
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Parekh SA, Cox SM, Barkovich AJ, Chau V, Steurer MA, Xu D, Miller SP, McQuillen PS, Peyvandi S. The Effect of Size and Asymmetry at Birth on Brain Injury and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:868-877. [PMID: 34853878 PMCID: PMC9005428 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-021-02798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Poor and asymmetric fetal growth have been associated with neonatal brain injury (BI) and worse neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) in the growth-restricted population due to placental insufficiency. We tested the hypothesis that postnatal markers of fetal growth (birthweight (BW), head circumference (HC), and head to body symmetry) are associated with preoperative white matter injury (WMI) and NDO in infants with single ventricle physiology (SVP) and d-transposition of great arteries (TGA). 173 term newborns (106 TGA; 67 SVP) at two sites had pre-operative brain MRI to assess for WMI and measures of microstructural brain development. NDO was assessed at 30 months with the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (n = 69). We tested the association between growth parameters at birth with the primary outcome of WMI on the pre-operative brain MRI. Secondary outcomes included measures of NDO. Newborns with TGA were more likely to have growth asymmetry with smaller heads relative to weight while SVP newborns were symmetrically small. There was no association between BW, HC or asymmetry and WMI on preoperative brain MRI or with measures of microstructural brain development. Similarly, growth parameters at birth were not associated with NDO at 30 months. In a multivariable model only cardiac lesion and site were associated with NDO. Unlike other high-risk infant populations, postnatal markers of fetal growth including head to body asymmetry that is common in TGA is not associated with brain injury or NDO. Lesion type appears to play a more important role in NDO in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalin A Parekh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, Mission Hall Box 0544, 550 16th Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Stephany M Cox
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics and Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Vann Chau
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martina A Steurer
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick S McQuillen
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Shabnam Peyvandi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, Mission Hall Box 0544, 550 16th Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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18
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Tee BL, Watson Pereira C, Lukic S, Bajorek LP, Allen IE, Miller ZA, Casaletto KB, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML. Neuroanatomical correlations of visuospatial processing in primary progressive aphasia. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac060. [PMID: 35386217 PMCID: PMC8977647 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical phenotyping of primary progressive aphasia has largely focused on speech and language presentations, leaving other cognitive domains under-examined. This study investigated the diagnostic utility of visuospatial profiles and examined their neural basis among the three main primary progressive aphasia variants. We studied the neuropsychological performances of 118 primary progressive aphasia participants and 30 cognitively normal controls, across 11 measures of visuospatial cognition, and investigated their neural correlates via voxel-based morphometry analysis using visuospatial composite scores derived from principal component analysis. The principal component analysis identified three main factors: visuospatial-executive, visuospatial-memory and visuomotor components. Logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia performed significantly worst across all components; nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia showed deficits in the visuospatial-executive and visuomotor components compared with controls; and the semantic variant primary progressive aphasia scored significantly lower than nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia and control in the visuospatial-memory component. Grey matter volumes over the right parieto-occipital cortices correlated with visuospatial-executive performance; volumetric changes in the right anterior parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala were associated with visuospatial-memory function, and visuomotor composite scores correlated significantly with the grey matter volume at the right precentral gyrus. Discriminant function analysis identified three visuospatial measures: Visual Object and Space Perception and Benson figure copy and recall test, which classified 79.7% (94/118) of primary progressive aphasia into their specific variant. This study shows that each primary progressive aphasia variant also carries a distinctive visuospatial cognitive profile that corresponds with grey matter volumetric changes and in turn can be largely represented by their performance on the visuomotor, visuospatial-memory and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Lead Tee
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Tzu Chi University, No. 701號, Section 3, Zhongyang Rd, Hualien City, Hualien County, Taiwan 970
| | - Christa Watson Pereira
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sladjana Lukic
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynn P. Bajorek
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Elaine Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary A. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Han D, Longhini AP, Zhang X, Hoang V, Wilson MZ, Kosik KS. Dynamic assembly of the mRNA m6A methyltransferase complex is regulated by METTL3 phase separation. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001535. [PMID: 35143475 PMCID: PMC8865655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
m6A methylation is the most abundant and reversible chemical modification on mRNA with approximately one-fourth of eukaryotic mRNAs harboring at least one m6A-modified base. The recruitment of the mRNA m6A methyltransferase writer complex to phase-separated nuclear speckles is likely to be crucial in its regulation; however, control over the activity of the complex remains unclear. Supported by our observation that a core catalytic subunit of the methyltransferase complex, METTL3, is endogenously colocalized within nuclear speckles as well as in noncolocalized puncta, we tracked the components of the complex with a Cry2-METTL3 fusion construct to disentangle key domains and interactions necessary for the phase separation of METTL3. METTL3 is capable of self-interaction and likely provides the multivalency to drive condensation. Condensates in cells necessarily contain myriad components, each with partition coefficients that establish an entropic barrier that can regulate entry into the condensate. In this regard, we found that, in contrast to the constitutive binding of METTL14 to METTL3 in both the diffuse and the dense phase, WTAP only interacts with METTL3 in dense phase and thereby distinguishes METTL3/METTL14 single complexes in the dilute phase from METTL3/METTL14 multicomponent condensates. Finally, control over METTL3/METTL14 condensation is determined by its small molecule cofactor, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which regulates conformations of two gate loops, and some cancer-associated mutations near gate loops can impair METTL3 condensation. Therefore, the link between SAM binding and the control of writer complex phase state suggests that the regulation of its phase state is a potentially critical facet of its functional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Longhini
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Vivian Hoang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Z. Wilson
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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20
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Antoniou R, Romero-Kornblum H, Young JC, You M, Kramer JH, Chiong W. Reduced utilitarian willingness to violate personal rights during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259110. [PMID: 34679124 PMCID: PMC8535394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic poses many real-world moral dilemmas, which can pit the needs and rights of the many against the needs and rights of the few. We investigated moral judgments in the context of the contemporary global crisis among older adults, who are at greatest personal risk from the pandemic. We hypothesized that during this pandemic, individuals would give fewer utilitarian responses to hypothetical dilemmas, accompanied by higher levels of confidence and emotion elicitation. Our pre-registered analysis (https://osf.io/g2wtp) involved two waves of data collection, before (2014) and during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic, regarding three categories of moral dilemmas (personal rights, agent-centered permissions, and special obligations). While utilitarian responses considered across all categories of dilemma did not differ, participants during the 2020 wave gave fewer utilitarian responses to dilemmas involving personal rights; that is, they were less willing to violate the personal rights of others to produce the best overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Antoniou
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Heather Romero-Kornblum
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Rady School of Management, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - J. Clayton Young
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle You
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Winston Chiong
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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21
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Franco LM, Goard MJ. A distributed circuit for associating environmental context with motor choice in retrosplenial cortex. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/35/eabf9815. [PMID: 34433557 PMCID: PMC8386923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During navigation, animals often use recognition of familiar environmental contexts to guide motor action selection. The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) receives inputs from both visual cortex and subcortical regions required for spatial memory and projects to motor planning regions. However, it is not known whether RSC is important for associating familiar environmental contexts with specific motor actions. We test this possibility by developing a task in which motor trajectories are chosen based on the context. We find that mice exhibit differential predecision activity in RSC and that optogenetic suppression of RSC activity impairs task performance. Individual RSC neurons encode a range of task variables, often multiplexed with distinct temporal profiles. However, the responses are spatiotemporally organized, with task variables represented along a posterior-to-anterior gradient along RSC during the behavioral performance, consistent with histological characterization. These results reveal an anatomically organized retrosplenial cortical circuit for associating environmental contexts with appropriate motor outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Franco
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael J Goard
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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22
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Li H, Doric Z, Berthet A, Jorgens DM, Nguyen MK, Hsieh I, Margulis J, Fang R, Debnath J, Sesaki H, Finkbeiner S, Huang E, Nakamura K. Longitudinal tracking of neuronal mitochondria delineates PINK1/Parkin-dependent mechanisms of mitochondrial recycling and degradation. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/32/eabf6580. [PMID: 34362731 PMCID: PMC8346224 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial quality control and dynamics may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, but we understand little about these processes in neurons. We combined time-lapse microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy to track individual mitochondria in neurons lacking the fission-promoting protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and delineate the kinetics of PINK1-dependent pathways of mitochondrial quality control. Depolarized mitochondria recruit Parkin to the outer mitochondrial membrane, triggering autophagosome formation, rapid lysosomal fusion, and Parkin redistribution. Unexpectedly, these mitolysosomes are dynamic and persist for hours. Some are engulfed by healthy mitochondria, and others are deacidified before bursting. In other cases, Parkin is directly recruited to the matrix of polarized mitochondria. Loss of PINK1 blocks Parkin recruitment, causes LC3 accumulation within mitochondria, and exacerbates Drp1KO toxicity to dopamine neurons. These results define a distinct neuronal mitochondrial life cycle, revealing potential mechanisms of mitochondrial recycling and signaling relevant to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zak Doric
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amandine Berthet
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danielle M Jorgens
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mai K Nguyen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ivy Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julia Margulis
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rebecca Fang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steve Finkbeiner
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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23
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Borghesani V, Dale CL, Lukic S, Hinkley LBN, Lauricella M, Shwe W, Mizuiri D, Honma S, Miller Z, Miller B, Houde JF, Gorno-Tempini ML, Nagarajan SS. Neural dynamics of semantic categorization in semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia. eLife 2021; 10:e63905. [PMID: 34155973 PMCID: PMC8241439 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Semantic representations are processed along a posterior-to-anterior gradient reflecting a shift from perceptual (e.g., it has eight legs) to conceptual (e.g., venomous spiders are rare) information. One critical region is the anterior temporal lobe (ATL): patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), a clinical syndrome associated with ATL neurodegeneration, manifest a deep loss of semantic knowledge. We test the hypothesis that svPPA patients perform semantic tasks by over-recruiting areas implicated in perceptual processing. We compared MEG recordings of svPPA patients and healthy controls during a categorization task. While behavioral performance did not differ, svPPA patients showed indications of greater activation over bilateral occipital cortices and superior temporal gyrus, and inconsistent engagement of frontal regions. These findings suggest a pervasive reorganization of brain networks in response to ATL neurodegeneration: the loss of this critical hub leads to a dysregulated (semantic) control system, and defective semantic representations are seemingly compensated via enhanced perceptual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - CL Dale
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - S Lukic
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - LBN Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - M Lauricella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - W Shwe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - D Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - S Honma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Z Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - B Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - JF Houde
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - ML Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - SS Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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24
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Miko H, Qiu Y, Gaertner B, Sander M, Ohler U. Inferring time series chromatin states for promoter-enhancer pairs based on Hi-C data. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:84. [PMID: 33509077 PMCID: PMC7841892 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-localized combinations of histone modifications ("chromatin states") have been shown to correlate with promoter and enhancer activity. Changes in chromatin states over multiple time points ("chromatin state trajectories") have previously been analyzed at promoter and enhancers separately. With the advent of time series Hi-C data it is now possible to connect promoters and enhancers and to analyze chromatin state trajectories at promoter-enhancer pairs. RESULTS We present TimelessFlex, a framework for investigating chromatin state trajectories at promoters and enhancers and at promoter-enhancer pairs based on Hi-C information. TimelessFlex extends our previous approach Timeless, a Bayesian network for clustering multiple histone modification data sets at promoter and enhancer feature regions. We utilize time series ATAC-seq data measuring open chromatin to define promoters and enhancer candidates. We developed an expectation-maximization algorithm to assign promoters and enhancers to each other based on Hi-C interactions and jointly cluster their feature regions into paired chromatin state trajectories. We find jointly clustered promoter-enhancer pairs showing the same activation patterns on both sides but with a stronger trend at the enhancer side. While the promoter side remains accessible across the time series, the enhancer side becomes dynamically more open towards the gene activation time point. Promoter cluster patterns show strong correlations with gene expression signals, whereas Hi-C signals get only slightly stronger towards activation. The code of the framework is available at https://github.com/henriettemiko/TimelessFlex . CONCLUSIONS TimelessFlex clusters time series histone modifications at promoter-enhancer pairs based on Hi-C and it can identify distinct chromatin states at promoter and enhancer feature regions and their changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Miko
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yunjiang Qiu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bjoern Gaertner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Lindbergh CA, Casaletto KB, Staffaroni AM, La Joie R, Iaccarino L, Edwards L, Tsoy E, Elahi F, Walters SM, Cotter D, You M, Apple AC, Asken B, Neuhaus J, Rexach JE, Wojta KJ, Rabinovici G, Kramer JH. Sex-related differences in the relationship between β-amyloid and cognitive trajectories in older adults. Neuropsychology 2020; 34:835-850. [PMID: 33030915 PMCID: PMC7839841 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to test the hypothesis that elevated neocortical β-amyloid (Aβ), a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), predicts sex-specific cognitive trajectories in clinically normal older adults, with women showing greater risk of decline than men. Method: Florbetapir Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) was acquired in 149 clinically normal older adults (52% female, Mage = 74). Participants underwent cognitive testing at baseline and during annual follow-up visits over a timespan of up to 5.14 years. Mixed-effects regression models evaluated whether relations between baseline neocortical Standardized Uptake Value Ratio (SUVR) and composite scores of episodic memory, executive functioning, and processing speed were moderated by sex (male/female) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) status (ε4 carrier/noncarrier). Results: Higher baseline SUVR was associated with longitudinal decline in episodic memory in women (b = -1.32, p < .001) but not men (b = -0.30, p = .28). Female APOE ε4 carriers with elevated SUVR showed particularly precipitous declines in episodic memory (b = -4.33, p < .001) whereas other cognitive domains were spared. SUVR did not predict changes in executive functioning or processing speed, regardless of sex (ps >.63), though there was a main effect of SUVR on processing speed (b = 2.50, p = .003). Conclusions: Clinically normal women with elevated Aβ are more vulnerable to episodic memory decline than men. Understanding sex-related differences in AD, particularly in preclinical stages, is crucial for guiding precision medicine approaches to early detection and intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cutter A. Lindbergh
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Adam M. Staffaroni
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Elena Tsoy
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Fanny Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Samantha M. Walters
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Devyn Cotter
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Michelle You
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Alexandra C. Apple
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Breton Asken
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Jessica E. Rexach
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Kevin J. Wojta
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Gil Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco
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26
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Gaertner B, van Heesch S, Schneider-Lunitz V, Schulz JF, Witte F, Blachut S, Nguyen S, Wong R, Matta I, Hübner N, Sander M. A human ESC-based screen identifies a role for the translated lncRNA LINC00261 in pancreatic endocrine differentiation. eLife 2020; 9:e58659. [PMID: 32744504 PMCID: PMC7423336 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogenous group of RNAs, which can encode small proteins. The extent to which developmentally regulated lncRNAs are translated and whether the produced microproteins are relevant for human development is unknown. Using a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based pancreatic differentiation system, we show that many lncRNAs in direct vicinity of lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs) are dynamically regulated, predominantly cytosolic, and highly translated. We genetically ablated ten such lncRNAs, most of them translated, and found that nine are dispensable for pancreatic endocrine cell development. However, deletion of LINC00261 diminishes insulin+ cells, in a manner independent of the nearby TF FOXA2. One-by-one disruption of each of LINC00261's open reading frames suggests that the RNA, rather than the produced microproteins, is required for endocrine development. Our work highlights extensive translation of lncRNAs during hESC pancreatic differentiation and provides a blueprint for dissection of their coding and noncoding roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Gaertner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Valentin Schneider-Lunitz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Jana Felicitas Schulz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Franziska Witte
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Susanne Blachut
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Steven Nguyen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Regina Wong
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Ileana Matta
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
- Charité -UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
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27
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Lindbergh CA, Casaletto KB, Staffaroni AM, Elahi F, Walters SM, You M, Neuhaus J, Rivera Contreras W, Wang P, Karydas A, Brown J, Wolf A, Rosen H, Cobigo Y, Kramer JH. Systemic Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Trajectories Relate to Brain Health in Typically Aging Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1558-1565. [PMID: 31549145 PMCID: PMC7457183 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, regulate the neuroinflammatory response and may play a role in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The longitudinal relation between peripheral levels of TNF-α and typical brain aging is understudied. We hypothesized that within-person increases in systemic TNF-α would track with poorer brain health outcomes in functionally normal adults. METHODS Plasma-based TNF-α concentrations (pg/mL; fasting morning draws) and magnetic resonance imaging were acquired in 424 functionally intact adults (mean age = 71) followed annually for up to 8.4 years (mean follow-up = 2.2 years). Brain outcomes included total gray matter volume and white matter hyperintensities. Cognitive outcomes included composites of memory, executive functioning, and processing speed, as well as Mini-Mental State Examination total scores. Longitudinal mixed-effects models were used, controlling for age, sex, education, and total intracranial volume, as appropriate. RESULTS TNF-α concentrations significantly increased over time (p < .001). Linear increases in within-person TNF-α were longitudinally associated with declines in gray matter volume (p < .001) and increases in white matter hyperintensities (p = .003). Exploratory analyses suggested that the relation between TNF-α and gray matter volume was curvilinear (TNF-α 2p = .002), such that initial increases in inflammation were associated with more precipitous atrophy. There was a negative linear relationship of within-person changes in TNF-α to Mini-Mental State Examination scores over time (p = .036) but not the cognitive composites (all ps >.05). CONCLUSION Systemic inflammation, as indexed by plasma TNF-α, holds potential as a biomarker for age-related declines in brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fanny Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
| | | | - Michelle You
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
| | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, California
| | | | - Paul Wang
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
| | - Jesse Brown
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
| | - Howie Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
| | - Yann Cobigo
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center and , California
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28
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Altendahl M, Cotter DL, Staffaroni AM, Wolf A, Mumford P, Cobigo Y, Casaletto K, Elahi F, Ruoff L, Javed S, Bettcher BM, Fox E, You M, Saloner R, Neylan TC, Kramer JH, Walsh CM. REM sleep is associated with white matter integrity in cognitively healthy, older adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235395. [PMID: 32645032 PMCID: PMC7347149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing awareness that self-reported sleep abnormalities are negatively associated with brain structure and function in older adults. Less is known, however, about how objectively measured sleep associates with brain structure. We objectively measured at-home sleep to investigate how sleep architecture and sleep quality related to white matter microstructure in older adults. 43 cognitively normal, older adults underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a sleep assessment within a six-month period. Participants completed the PSQI, a subjective measure of sleep quality, and used an at-home sleep recorder (Zeo, Inc.) to measure total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and percent time in light sleep (LS), deep sleep (DS), and REM sleep (RS). Multiple regressions predicted fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the corpus callosum as a function of total PSQI score, TST, SE, and percent of time spent in each sleep stage, controlling for age and sex. Greater percent time spent in RS was significantly associated with higher FA (β = 0.41, p = 0.007) and lower MD (β = -0.30, p = 0.03). Total PSQI score, TST, SE, and time spent in LS or DS were not significantly associated with FA or MD (p>0.13). Percent time spent in REM sleep, but not quantity of light and deep sleep or subjective/objective measures of sleep quality, positively predicted white matter microstructure integrity. Our results highlight an important link between REM sleep and brain health that has the potential to improve sleep interventions in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Altendahl
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Devyn L. Cotter
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Staffaroni
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amy Wolf
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paige Mumford
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yann Cobigo
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fanny Elahi
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie Ruoff
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, Stress & Health Research Program, Department of Mental Health, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Samirah Javed
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brianne M. Bettcher
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Rocky Mountain Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Emily Fox
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle You
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rowan Saloner
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Neylan
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, Stress & Health Research Program, Department of Mental Health, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Walsh
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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29
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Vazquez SE, Ferré EMN, Scheel DW, Sunshine S, Miao B, Mandel-Brehm C, Quandt Z, Chan AY, Cheng M, German M, Lionakis M, DeRisi JL, Anderson MS. Identification of novel, clinically correlated autoantigens in the monogenic autoimmune syndrome APS1 by proteome-wide PhIP-Seq. eLife 2020; 9:e55053. [PMID: 32410729 PMCID: PMC7228772 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of autoantigens remains a critical challenge for understanding and treating autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), a rare monogenic form of autoimmunity, presents as widespread autoimmunity with T and B cell responses to multiple organs. Importantly, autoantibody discovery in APS1 can illuminate fundamental disease pathogenesis, and many of the antigens found in APS1 extend to more common autoimmune diseases. Here, we performed proteome-wide programmable phage-display (PhIP-Seq) on sera from a cohort of people with APS1 and discovered multiple common antibody targets. These novel APS1 autoantigens exhibit tissue-restricted expression, including expression in enteroendocrine cells, pineal gland, and dental enamel. Using detailed clinical phenotyping, we find novel associations between autoantibodies and organ-restricted autoimmunity, including a link between anti-KHDC3L autoantibodies and premature ovarian insufficiency, and between anti-RFX6 autoantibodies and diarrheal-type intestinal dysfunction. Our study highlights the utility of PhIP-Seq for extensively interrogating antigenic repertoires in human autoimmunity and the importance of antigen discovery for improved understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Vazquez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Elise MN Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - David W Scheel
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Sara Sunshine
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Brenda Miao
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Caleigh Mandel-Brehm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Zoe Quandt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alice Y Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mickie Cheng
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michael German
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michail Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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30
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Kim S, Whitener RL, Peiris H, Gu X, Chang CA, Lam JY, Camunas-Soler J, Park I, Bevacqua RJ, Tellez K, Quake SR, Lakey JRT, Bottino R, Ross PJ, Kim SK. Molecular and genetic regulation of pig pancreatic islet cell development. Development 2020; 147:dev186213. [PMID: 32108026 PMCID: PMC7132804 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reliance on rodents for understanding pancreatic genetics, development and islet function could limit progress in developing interventions for human diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Similarities of pancreas morphology and function suggest that porcine and human pancreas developmental biology may have useful homologies. However, little is known about pig pancreas development. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated fetal and neonatal pig pancreas at multiple, crucial developmental stages using modern experimental approaches. Purification of islet β-, α- and δ-cells followed by transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) and immunohistology identified cell- and stage-specific regulation, and revealed that pig and human islet cells share characteristic features that are not observed in mice. Morphometric analysis also revealed endocrine cell allocation and architectural similarities between pig and human islets. Our analysis unveiled scores of signaling pathways linked to native islet β-cell functional maturation, including evidence of fetal α-cell GLP-1 production and signaling to β-cells. Thus, the findings and resources detailed here show how pig pancreatic islet studies complement other systems for understanding the developmental programs that generate functional islet cells, and that are relevant to human pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokho Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert L Whitener
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles A Chang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Y Lam
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joan Camunas-Soler
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Insung Park
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Romina J Bevacqua
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Krissie Tellez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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31
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Moon JH, Kim YG, Kim K, Osonoi S, Wang S, Saunders DC, Wang J, Yang K, Kim H, Lee J, Jeong JS, Banerjee RR, Kim SK, Wu Y, Mizukami H, Powers AC, German MS, Kim H. Serotonin Regulates Adult β-Cell Mass by Stimulating Perinatal β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2020; 69:205-214. [PMID: 31806625 PMCID: PMC6971487 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A sufficient β-cell mass is crucial for preventing diabetes, and perinatal β-cell proliferation is important in determining the adult β-cell mass. However, it is not yet known how perinatal β-cell proliferation is regulated. Here, we report that serotonin regulates β-cell proliferation through serotonin receptor 2B (HTR2B) in an autocrine/paracrine manner during the perinatal period. In β-cell-specific Tph1 knockout (Tph1 βKO) mice, perinatal β-cell proliferation was reduced along with the loss of serotonin production in β-cells. Adult Tph1 βKO mice exhibited glucose intolerance with decreased β-cell mass. Disruption of Htr2b in β-cells also resulted in decreased perinatal β-cell proliferation and glucose intolerance in adulthood. Growth hormone (GH) was found to induce serotonin production in β-cells through activation of STAT5 during the perinatal period. Thus, our results indicate that GH-GH receptor-STAT5-serotonin-HTR2B signaling plays a critical role in determining the β-cell mass by regulating perinatal β-cell proliferation, and defects in this pathway affect metabolic phenotypes in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Moon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeong Gi Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyuho Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sho Osonoi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models for Human Disease and National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Juehu Wang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katherine Yang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ronadip R Banerjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models for Human Disease and National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael S German
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Bouagnon AD, Lin L, Srivastava S, Liu CC, Panda O, Schroeder FC, Srinivasan S, Ashrafi K. Intestinal peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation regulates neural serotonin signaling through a feedback mechanism. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000242. [PMID: 31805041 PMCID: PMC6917301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to coordinate behavioral responses with metabolic status is fundamental to the maintenance of energy homeostasis. In numerous species including Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals, neural serotonin signaling regulates a range of food-related behaviors. However, the mechanisms that integrate metabolic information with serotonergic circuits are poorly characterized. Here, we identify metabolic, molecular, and cellular components of a circuit that links peripheral metabolic state to serotonin-regulated behaviors in C. elegans. We find that blocking the entry of fatty acyl coenzyme As (CoAs) into peroxisomal β-oxidation in the intestine blunts the effects of neural serotonin signaling on feeding and egg-laying behaviors. Comparative genomics and metabolomics revealed that interfering with intestinal peroxisomal β-oxidation results in a modest global transcriptional change but significant changes to the metabolome, including a large number of changes in ascaroside and phospholipid species, some of which affect feeding behavior. We also identify body cavity neurons and an ether-a-go-go (EAG)-related potassium channel that functions in these neurons as key cellular components of the circuitry linking peripheral metabolic signals to regulation of neural serotonin signaling. These data raise the possibility that the effects of serotonin on satiety may have their origins in feedback, homeostatic metabolic responses from the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude D. Bouagnon
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shubhi Srivastava
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chung-Chih Liu
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Oishika Panda
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Supriya Srinivasan
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kaveh Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Moore PC, Cortez JT, Chamberlain CE, Alba D, Berger AC, Quandt Z, Chan A, Cheng MH, Bautista JL, Peng J, German MS, Anderson MS, Oakes SA. Elastase 3B mutation links to familial pancreatitis with diabetes and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4676-4681. [PMID: 31369399 PMCID: PMC6819098 DOI: 10.1172/jci129961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While improvements in genetic analysis have greatly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms behind pancreatitis, it continues to afflict many families for whom the hereditary factors remain unknown. Recent evaluation of a patient with a strong family history of pancreatitis sparked us to reexamine a large kindred originally reported over 50 years ago with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern of chronic pancreatitis, diabetes and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Whole exome sequencing analysis identified a rare missense mutation in the gene encoding pancreas-specific protease Elastase 3B (CELA3B) that cosegregates with disease. Studies of the mutant protein in vitro, in cell lines and in CRISPR-Cas9 engineered mice indicate that this mutation causes translational upregulation of CELA3B, which upon secretion and activation by trypsin leads to uncontrolled proteolysis and recurrent pancreatitis. Although lesions in several other pancreatitic proteases have been previously linked to hereditary pancreatitis, this is the first known instance of a mutation in CELA3B and a defect in translational control contributing to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Moore
- Department of Pathology
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Diabetes Center
| | | | | | - Diana Alba
- Diabetes Center
- Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Zoe Quandt
- Diabetes Center
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Alice Chan
- Diabetes Center
- Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | - Michael S. German
- Diabetes Center
- Department of Medicine, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Diabetes Center
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Geier EG, Bourdenx M, Storm NJ, Cochran JN, Sirkis DW, Hwang JH, Bonham LW, Ramos EM, Diaz A, Van Berlo V, Dokuru D, Nana AL, Karydas A, Balestra ME, Huang Y, Russo SP, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Myers RM, Miller BL, Coppola G, Lee SE, Cuervo AM, Yokoyama JS. Rare variants in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis gene MFSD8 are candidate risk factors for frontotemporal dementia. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:71-88. [PMID: 30382371 PMCID: PMC6371791 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variation in MAPT, GRN, and C9ORF72 accounts for at most only half of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cases with a family history of neurological disease. This suggests additional variants and genes that remain to be identified as risk factors for FTLD. We conducted a case-control genetic association study comparing pathologically diagnosed FTLD patients (n = 94) to cognitively normal older adults (n = 3541), and found suggestive evidence that gene-wide aggregate rare variant burden in MFSD8 is associated with FTLD risk. Because homozygous mutations in MFSD8 cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), similar to homozygous mutations in GRN, we assessed rare variants in MFSD8 for relevance to FTLD through experimental follow-up studies. Using post-mortem tissue from middle frontal gyrus of patients with FTLD and controls, we identified increased MFSD8 protein levels in MFSD8 rare variant carriers relative to non-variant carrier patients with sporadic FTLD and healthy controls. We also observed an increase in lysosomal and autophagy-related proteins in MFSD8 rare variant carrier and sporadic FTLD patients relative to controls. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MFSD8 was expressed in neurons and astrocytes across subjects, without clear evidence of abnormal localization in patients. Finally, in vitro studies identified marked disruption of lysosomal function in cells from MFSD8 rare variant carriers, and identified one rare variant that significantly increased the cell surface levels of MFSD8. Considering the growing evidence for altered autophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, our findings support a role of NCL genes in FTLD risk and suggest that MFSD8-associated lysosomal dysfunction may contribute to FTLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan G Geier
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Nadia J Storm
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | - Daniel W Sirkis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ji-Hye Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Victoria Van Berlo
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Deepika Dokuru
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alissa L Nana
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Silvia P Russo
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Broce I, Karch CM, Wen N, Fan CC, Wang Y, Hong Tan C, Kouri N, Ross OA, Höglinger GU, Muller U, Hardy J, Momeni P, Hess CP, Dillon WP, Miller ZA, Bonham LW, Rabinovici GD, Rosen HJ, Schellenberg GD, Franke A, Karlsen TH, Veldink JH, Ferrari R, Yokoyama JS, Miller BL, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Desikan RS, Sugrue LP. Immune-related genetic enrichment in frontotemporal dementia: An analysis of genome-wide association studies. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002487. [PMID: 29315334 PMCID: PMC5760014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence suggests that immune-mediated dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Although genetic studies have shown that immune-associated loci are associated with increased FTD risk, a systematic investigation of genetic overlap between immune-mediated diseases and the spectrum of FTD-related disorders has not been performed. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (total n = 192,886 cases and controls) and recently developed tools to quantify genetic overlap/pleiotropy, we systematically identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) jointly associated with FTD-related disorders-namely, FTD, corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-and 1 or more immune-mediated diseases including Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D), celiac disease (CeD), and psoriasis. We found up to 270-fold genetic enrichment between FTD and RA, up to 160-fold genetic enrichment between FTD and UC, up to 180-fold genetic enrichment between FTD and T1D, and up to 175-fold genetic enrichment between FTD and CeD. In contrast, for CBD and PSP, only 1 of the 6 immune-mediated diseases produced genetic enrichment comparable to that seen for FTD, with up to 150-fold genetic enrichment between CBD and CeD and up to 180-fold enrichment between PSP and RA. Further, we found minimal enrichment between ALS and the immune-mediated diseases tested, with the highest levels of enrichment between ALS and RA (up to 20-fold). For FTD, at a conjunction false discovery rate < 0.05 and after excluding SNPs in linkage disequilibrium, we found that 8 of the 15 identified loci mapped to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region on Chromosome (Chr) 6. We also found novel candidate FTD susceptibility loci within LRRK2 (leucine rich repeat kinase 2), TBKBP1 (TBK1 binding protein 1), and PGBD5 (piggyBac transposable element derived 5). Functionally, we found that the expression of FTD-immune pleiotropic genes (particularly within the HLA region) is altered in postmortem brain tissue from patients with FTD and is enriched in microglia/macrophages compared to other central nervous system cell types. The main study limitation is that the results represent only clinically diagnosed individuals. Also, given the complex interconnectedness of the HLA region, we were not able to define the specific gene or genes on Chr 6 responsible for our pleiotropic signal. CONCLUSIONS We show immune-mediated genetic enrichment specifically in FTD, particularly within the HLA region. Our genetic results suggest that for a subset of patients, immune dysfunction may contribute to FTD risk. These findings have potential implications for clinical trials targeting immune dysfunction in patients with FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Broce
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Natalie Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chun C. Fan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chin Hong Tan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Naomi Kouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Günter U. Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Muller
- Institut for Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Parastoo Momeni
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Hess
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - William P. Dillon
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zachary A. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Luke W. Bonham
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom H. Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rahul S. Desikan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Leo P. Sugrue
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Wang Y, Paulo E, Wu D, Wu Y, Huang W, Chawla A, Wang B. Adipocyte Liver Kinase b1 Suppresses Beige Adipocyte Renaissance Through Class IIa Histone Deacetylase 4. Diabetes 2017; 66:2952-2963. [PMID: 28882900 PMCID: PMC5697944 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1+ beige adipocytes are dynamically regulated by environment in rodents and humans; cold induces formation of beige adipocytes, whereas warm temperature and nutrient excess lead to their disappearance. Beige adipocytes can form through de novo adipogenesis; however, how "beiging" characteristics are maintained afterward is largely unknown. In this study, we show that beige adipocytes formed postnatally in subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue lost thermogenic gene expression and multilocular morphology at the adult stage, but cold restored their beiging characteristics, a phenomenon termed beige adipocyte renaissance. Ablation of these postnatal beige adipocytes inhibited cold-induced beige adipocyte formation in adult mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that beige adipocyte renaissance was governed by liver kinase b1 and histone deacetylase 4 in white adipocytes. Although neither presence nor thermogenic function of uncoupling protein 1+ beige adipocytes contributed to metabolic fitness in adipocyte liver kinase b1-deficient mice, our results reveal an unexpected role of white adipocytes in maintaining properties of preexisting beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmeng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Esther Paulo
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Ajay Chawla
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Zheng X, Soroush F, Long J, Hall ET, Adishesha PK, Bhattacharya S, Kiani MF, Bhalla V. Murine glomerular transcriptome links endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 deficiency with susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185250. [PMID: 28934365 PMCID: PMC5608371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney disease; however, there are no early biomarkers and no cure. Thus, there is a large unmet need to predict which individuals will develop nephropathy and to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern this susceptibility. We compared the glomerular transcriptome from mice with distinct susceptibilities to DN at four weeks after induction of diabetes, but before histologic injury, and identified differential regulation of genes that modulate inflammation. From these genes, we identified endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (Esm-1), as a glomerular-enriched determinant of resistance to DN. Glomerular Esm-1 mRNA and protein were lower in DN-susceptible, DBA/2, compared to DN-resistant, C57BL/6, mice. We demonstrated higher Esm-1 secretion from primary glomerular cultures of diabetic mice, and high glucose was sufficient to increase Esm-1 mRNA and protein secretion in both strains of mice. However, induction was significantly attenuated in DN-susceptible mice. Urine Esm-1 was also significantly higher only in DN-resistant mice. Moreover, using intravital microscopy and a biomimetic microfluidic assay, we showed that Esm-1 inhibited rolling and transmigration in a dose-dependent manner. For the first time we have uncovered glomerular-derived Esm-1 as a potential non-invasive biomarker of DN. Esm-1 inversely correlates with disease susceptibility and inhibits leukocyte infiltration, a critical factor in protecting the kidney from DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Fariborz Soroush
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jin Long
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Evan T. Hall
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Puneeth K. Adishesha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanchita Bhattacharya
- Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mohammad F. Kiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Steele NZR, Carr JS, Bonham LW, Geier EG, Damotte V, Miller ZA, Desikan RS, Boehme KL, Mukherjee S, Crane PK, Kauwe JSK, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Coppola G, Hollenbach JA, Huang Y, Yokoyama JS. Fine-mapping of the human leukocyte antigen locus as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease: A case-control study. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002272. [PMID: 28350795 PMCID: PMC5369701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive disorder that affects cognitive function. There is increasing support for the role of neuroinflammation and aberrant immune regulation in the pathophysiology of AD. The immunoregulatory human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex has been linked to susceptibility for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD; however, studies to date have failed to consistently identify a risk HLA haplotype for AD. Contributing to this difficulty are the complex genetic organization of the HLA region, differences in sequencing and allelic imputation methods, and diversity across ethnic populations. METHODS AND FINDINGS Building on prior work linking the HLA to AD, we used a robust imputation method on two separate case-control cohorts to examine the relationship between HLA haplotypes and AD risk in 309 individuals (191 AD, 118 cognitively normal [CN] controls) from the San Francisco-based University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Memory and Aging Center (collected between 1999-2015) and 11,381 individuals (5,728 AD, 5,653 CN controls) from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), a National Institute on Aging (NIA)-funded national data repository (reflecting samples collected between 1984-2012). We also examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker measures for patients seen between 2005-2007 and longitudinal cognitive data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 346, mean follow-up 3.15 ± 2.04 y in AD individuals) to assess the clinical relevance of identified risk haplotypes. The strongest association with AD risk occurred with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype A*03:01~B*07:02~DRB1*15:01~DQA1*01:02~DQB1*06:02 (p = 9.6 x 10-4, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval] = 1.21 [1.08-1.37]) in the combined UCSF + ADGC cohort. Secondary analysis suggested that this effect may be driven primarily by individuals who are negative for the established AD genetic risk factor, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4. Separate analyses of class I and II haplotypes further supported the role of class I haplotype A*03:01~B*07:02 (p = 0.03, OR = 1.11 [1.01-1.23]) and class II haplotype DRB1*15:01- DQA1*01:02- DQB1*06:02 (DR15) (p = 0.03, OR = 1.08 [1.01-1.15]) as risk factors for AD. We followed up these findings in the clinical dataset representing the spectrum of cognitively normal controls, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and individuals with AD to assess their relevance to disease. Carrying A*03:01~B*07:02 was associated with higher CSF amyloid levels (p = 0.03, β ± standard error = 47.19 ± 21.78). We also found a dose-dependent association between the DR15 haplotype and greater rates of cognitive decline (greater impairment on the 11-item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale [ADAS11] over time [p = 0.03, β ± standard error = 0.7 ± 0.3]; worse forgetting score on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) over time [p = 0.02, β ± standard error = -0.2 ± 0.06]). In a subset of the same cohort, dose of DR15 was also associated with higher baseline levels of chemokine CC-4, a biomarker of inflammation (p = 0.005, β ± standard error = 0.08 ± 0.03). The main study limitations are that the results represent only individuals of European-ancestry and clinically diagnosed individuals, and that our study used imputed genotypes for a subset of HLA genes. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that variation in the HLA locus-including risk haplotype DR15-contributes to AD risk. DR15 has also been associated with multiple sclerosis, and its component alleles have been implicated in Parkinson disease and narcolepsy. Our findings thus raise the possibility that DR15-associated mechanisms may contribute to pan-neuronal disease vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Z. R. Steele
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jessie S. Carr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Luke W. Bonham
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ethan G. Geier
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zachary A. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rahul S. Desikan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. Boehme
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shubhabrata Mukherjee
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul K. Crane
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Joel H. Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bonham LW, Desikan RS, Yokoyama JS. The relationship between complement factor C3, APOE ε4, amyloid and tau in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:65. [PMID: 27357286 PMCID: PMC4928261 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is becoming increasingly recognized as an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. As a part of the innate immune system, the complement cascade enhances the body's ability to destroy and remove pathogens and has recently been shown to influence Alzheimer's associated amyloid and tau pathology. However, little is known in humans about the effects of the complement system and genetic modifiers of AD risk like the ε4 allele of apolioprotein E (APOE ε4) on AD pathobiology. We evaluated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels from 267 individuals clinically diagnosed as cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, and AD. Using linear models, we assessed the relationship between APOE ε4 genotype, CSF Complement 3 (C3), CSF amyloid-β (amyloid) and CSF hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau). We found a significant interaction between APOE ε4 and CSF C3 on both CSF amyloid and CSF ptau. We also found that CSF C3 is only associated with CSF ptau after accounting for CSF amyloid. Our results support a conceptual model of the AD pathogenic cascade where a synergistic relationship between the complement cascade (C3) and APOE ε4 results in elevated Alzheimer's neurodegeneration and in turn, amyloid further regulates the effect of the complement cascade on downstream tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Bonham
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Rahul S Desikan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Nettiksimmons J, Tranah G, Evans DS, Yokoyama JS, Yaffe K. Gene-based aggregate SNP associations between candidate AD genes and cognitive decline. Age (Dordr) 2016; 38:41. [PMID: 27005436 PMCID: PMC5005889 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and near ABCA7, BIN1, CASS4, CD2AP, CD33, CELF1, CLU, complement receptor 1 (CR1), EPHA1, EXOC3L2, FERMT2, HLA cluster (DRB5-DQA), INPP5D, MEF2C, MS4A cluster (MS4A3-MS4A6E), NME8, PICALM, PTK2B, SLC24A4, SORL1, and ZCWPW1 have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in large meta-analyses. We aimed to determine whether established AD-associated genes are associated with longitudinal cognitive decline by examining aggregate variation across these gene regions. In two single-sex cohorts of older, community-dwelling adults, we examined the association between SNPs in previously implicated gene regions and cognitive decline (age-adjusted person-specific cognitive slopes) using a Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT). In regions which showed aggregate significance, we examined the univariate association between individual SNPs in the region and cognitive decline. Only two of the original AD-associated SNPs were significantly associated with cognitive decline in our cohorts. We identified significant aggregate-level associations between cognitive decline and the gene regions BIN1, CD33, CELF1, CR1, HLA cluster, and MEF2C in the all-female cohort and significant associations with ABCA7, HLA cluster, MS4A6E, PICALM, PTK2B, SLC24A4, and SORL1 in the all-male cohort. We also identified a block of eight correlated SNPs in CD33 and several blocks of correlated SNPs in CELF1 that were significantly associated with cognitive decline in univariate analysis in the all-female cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Nettiksimmons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of San Francisco - California, 4150 Clement Street, Box VAMC-116H, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
| | - Gregory Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California - San Francisco, Mission Hall: Global Health & Clinical Sciences Building, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, Mission Hall: Global Health & Clinical Sciences Building, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California - San Francisco, Sandler Neurosciences Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, Box 181, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
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