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Delgado AL, Preston-Hurlburt P, Lim N, Sumida TS, Long SA, McNamara J, Serti E, Higdon L, Herold KC. Latent EBV impairs immune cell signaling and enhances the efficacy of anti-CD3 mAb in Type 1 Diabetes. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.11.23292344. [PMID: 37502867 PMCID: PMC10370230 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.23292344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Teplizumab has been approved for the delay of the onset of type 1 diabetes and may modulate new onset disease. We found that patients who were EBV positive at baseline had a more robust response to drug in two clinical trials and therefore postulated that latent virus has general effects in modifying immune responses. We compared the phenotypes, transcriptomes, and development of peripheral blood cells before and after teplizumab treatment. Higher number of Tregs and partially exhausted CD8 + T cells were found in EBV seropositive individuals at the baseline in the TN10 trial and AbATE trial. Single cell transcriptomics and functional assays identified downregulation of the T cell receptor and other signaling pathways before treatment. Impairments in function of adaptive immune cells were enhanced by teplizumab treatment in EBV seropositive individuals. Our data indicate that EBV can impair signaling pathways generally in immune cells, that broadly redirect cell differentiation.
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Zheng X, Higdon L, Gaudet A, Shah M, Balistieri A, Li C, Nadai P, Palaniappan L, Yang X, Santo B, Ginley B, Wang XX, Myakala K, Nallagatla P, Levi M, Sarder P, Rosenberg A, Maltzman JS, de Freitas Caires N, Bhalla V. Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 Inhibits Albuminuria in Diabetic Mice. Kidney360 2022; 3:2059-2076. [PMID: 36591362 PMCID: PMC9802554 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of kidney failure in the world, and novel predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of disease are needed. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Esm-1) is a secreted proteoglycan that attenuates inflammation. We previously identified that a glomerular deficiency of Esm-1 associates with more pronounced albuminuria and glomerular inflammation in DKD-susceptible relative to DKD-resistant mice, but its contribution to DKD remains unexplored. Methods Using hydrodynamic tail-vein injection, we overexpress Esm-1 in DKD-susceptible DBA/2 mice and delete Esm-1 in DKD-resistant C57BL/6 mice to study the contribution of Esm-1 to DKD. We analyze clinical indices of DKD, leukocyte infiltration, podocytopenia, and extracellular matrix production. We also study transcriptomic changes to assess potential mechanisms of Esm-1 in glomeruli. Results In DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 inversely correlates with albuminuria and glomerular leukocyte infiltration. We show that overexpression of Esm-1 reduces albuminuria and diabetes-induced podocyte injury, independent of changes in leukocyte infiltration. Using a complementary approach, we find that constitutive deletion of Esm-1 in DKD-resistant mice modestly increases the degree of diabetes-induced albuminuria versus wild-type controls. By glomerular RNAseq, we identify that Esm-1 attenuates expression of kidney disease-promoting and interferon (IFN)-related genes, including Ackr2 and Cxcl11. Conclusions We demonstrate that, in DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 protects against diabetes-induced albuminuria and podocytopathy, possibly through select IFN signaling. Companion studies in patients with diabetes suggest a role of Esm-1 in human DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lauren Higdon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Alexandre Gaudet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Manav Shah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Angela Balistieri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Catherine Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Patricia Nadai
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Division of Kidney-Urologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Briana Santo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Brandon Ginley
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiaoxin X. Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Division of Kidney-Urologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan S. Maltzman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Nathalie de Freitas Caires
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Biothelis, Lille, France
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Zheng X, Higdon L, Sayed N, Liu C, Wu J, Maltzman J, Bhalla V. Esm‐1 Protects Mice from Glomerular Macrophage Infiltration and Macroalbuminuria in Diabetic Nephropathy. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.567.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Medicine / NephrologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA
| | - Lauren Higdon
- Medicine / NephrologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Medicine / Cardiovascular InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA
| | - Chun Liu
- Medicine / Cardiovascular InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA
| | - Joseph Wu
- Medicine / Cardiovascular InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA
| | - Jonathan Maltzman
- Medicine / NephrologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Medicine / NephrologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA
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Azzi J, Raimondi G, Mas V, Riella LV, Elfadawy N, Safa K, Wojciechowski D, Kanak M, Nog R, Maltzman JS, Ford ML, Pober JS, Luo XR, Rothstein D, Miller ML, Matthews D, Burlingham W, Levings M, Heeger P, Higdon L, Gill J, Gill RG, Alegre ML. The outstanding questions in transplantation: It's about time…. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:271-272. [PMID: 28758364 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Azzi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Valeria Mas
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kassem Safa
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mazhar Kanak
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rajat Nog
- Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Megan Levings
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Heeger
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John Gill
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sindhava V, Oropallo M, Moody K, Naradikian M, Zhou L, Higdon L, Green N, Nündel K, Stohl W, Schmidt A, Kambayashi T, Marshak-Rothstein A, Cancro M. TLR9 limits mouse and human B cell responses. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.195.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TLR9 can augment B cell activation, but also prevents autoimmune pathogenesis through an unknown mechanism. Herein we describe a cell-intrinsic mechanism that limits the extent of B cell activation by TLR9 ligands delivered by the B cell antigen receptor. This self-limiting response requires that TLR agonists be linked with B cell receptor ligands, as it is not observed with independent B cell receptor and TLR9 ligation. The underlying mechanism involves p38 dependent G1 cell cycle arrest that precedes intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, and is shared by all pre-immune murine B cell subsets and CD27− human B cells. B cells can be rescued from this death mechanism by survival or inflammatory cytokines, and preferentially switch to IgG2c producing cells both in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated system of crosstalk that limits responses to antigens containing TLR9 ligands, and suggest that circumventing this response-limiting process can promote sustained autoantibody production.
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Gurich D, Forstein D, Gill S, Miller P, Likes C, Higdon L. In vitro fertilization poor responders: is intrauterine insemination better than oocyte retrieval? Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Higdon L, Fink P. The role of germinal centers in T cell receptor revision (P1421). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.60.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vβ5 transgenic CD4 T cells are tolerized to the endogenous superantigen Mtv-8 by either deletion or TCR revision. Revision occurs when a peripheral CD4 T cell downregulates Vβ5 and undergoes RAG-mediated recombination and surface expression of an endogenous TCR. Given that revision occurs in germinal centers, and that follicular helper T cells, or Tfh, in Vβ5 Tg mice increase in an Mtv-8-dependent manner, we are studying whether revising cells have a Tfh phenotype and whether germinal center interactions are required for revision. Revising cells have a transcription factor and surface phenotype resembling that of Tfh, with low Blimp-1 and elevated Bcl-6, CXCR5, PD-1, IL-21 receptor, and OX-40 expression. The frequency of post-revision T cells increases in mice heterozygous for Blimp-1, a transcriptional repressor of Tfh formation, but revision intermediates are unaffected. The adaptor molecule SAP is required for prolonged B and T cell interactions in the germinal center, and SAP null mice have reduced numbers of post-revision T cells, but no reduction in revision intermediates. These results suggest that revising T cells share some traits with Tfh and that Tfh formation and prolonged B-T cell interactions are required for the completion, but not initiation, of TCR revision. Ongoing studies will analyze revision in the absence of Bcl-6, a transcription factor required for Tfh formation, and TNFR1, a receptor required for the formation of germinal center structures.
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Higdon L, Fink P. The role of germinal centers in T cell receptor revision (160.10). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.160.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD4+ T cells in Vβ5 transgenic mice become tolerant to an endogenous superantigen through either deletion or T cell receptor (TCR) revision. In the revision process, T cells downregulate surface Vβ5 expression and undergo RAG-mediated rearrangement and expression of endogenous TCRs. Revision occurs in germinal centers (GCs), suggesting that revising T cells may be follicular helper T cells (Tfh). We are studying whether revising T cells have a Tfh phenotype and whether GC interactions are required for revision. Preliminary data indicate that revising T cells have an RNA phenotype closely resembling that of Tfh and distinct from that of post-revision T cells. Studies on the intracellular and surface phenotype of revising and post-revision T cells are ongoing. The importance of GCs to TCR revision is being analyzed using SAP and CXCR5 null mice. SAP is required for prolonged interactions of B and T cells in the GC, and CXCR5 is required for cellular migration into the follicle. Analyses of mixed chimeras generated using CXCR5 null and wildtype bone marrow donors are ongoing. CXCR5 and SAP null mice have reduced numbers of post-revision T cells, but no reduction in revision intermediates. These results suggest that migration into the follicle and prolonged B-T cell interactions are both required for completion, but not initiation, of TCR revision.
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Higdon L. ASHA's position on the AuD. ASHA 1995; 37:18-9. [PMID: 7598749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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