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Qin Q, Feng M, Zhang K, Mo Z, Liu Y, Ma Y, Liu X. Basigin in cerebrovascular diseases: Roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic target potential. Eur J Pharmacol 2025; 989:177232. [PMID: 39734038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are major global health issues, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Basigin (additionally called CD147 or EMMPRIN) is a glycosylated transmembrane protein that facilitates intercellular communication. Recent research has highlighted the critical role of Basigin in inducing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which contribute to the progression of cerebrovascular diseases. Consequently, Basigin has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for these conditions. However, inhibiting the pivotal role of Basigin in mediating cerebrovascular disease is an urgent area of investigation. In this review, we systematically examine the pathological mechanisms by which Basigin contributes to the development of cerebrovascular diseases. We present evidence demonstrating the protective effect of targeted inhibition of Basigin in these conditions and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000, China
| | - Mengzhao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000, China
| | - Zhizhun Mo
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 Fuhua Road, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518033, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 Fuhua Road, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518033, China
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Institute of Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518055, China.
| | - Xianzhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000, China.
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Rai N, Tiwari RT, Sahu A, Verma E, Rathore S, Patil S, Patil AG. Exploring Tryptophan-based Short Peptides: Promising Candidate for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Therapies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2025; 25:124-133. [PMID: 39297455 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206260662240613054521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-short peptides are essential therapeutic agents due to their heightened selectivity and reduced toxicity. Scientific literature documents the utilization of dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides as promising agents for combating cancer. We have created a range of tryptophan-based peptides derived from literature sources in order to assess their potential as anticancer drugs. METHODS We present the results of our study on the antibacterial and anticancer effectiveness of 10 ultra-short peptides that were produced utilizing microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis. The synthesized peptides underwent screening for in vitro antibacterial activity using the agar dilution method. RESULTS HPLC, LC-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to analyze the synthesized peptides. In tests using the HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, the synthesized peptides' anticancer efficacy was assessed. The study found that two peptides showed potential median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.9±0.13 μM and 1.8±0.09 μM, respectively, and showed more activity than the reference medication doxorubicin. CONCLUSION The antibacterial activity of synthesized peptides 3b and 4b was found to be better than the other synthetic peptides. MIC value of roughly 5-50 μg/mL for peptides 3a, 4c, and 4d showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The synthesized peptides were also evaluated for their anticancer activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, and found that peptides 3e and 4e were more potent than other peptides against doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Tripathy Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Adarsh Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Rajasthan, NH11C Kant Kanwar, Jaipur, 300202, India
| | - Ekta Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Rathore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra Patil
- SVN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swami Vivekanand University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Asmita Gajbhiye Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Maani Z, Rahbarnia L, Bahadori A, Chollou KM, Farajnia S. Spotlight on HIV-derived TAT peptide as a molecular shuttle in drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104191. [PMID: 39322176 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
HIV-derived TAT peptide, with a high penetration rate into cells and its nonimmunogenic and minimally toxic nature, is an attractive tool for enhancing the biodistribution of drugs and their systemic administration. Despite the presence of numerous promising preclinical investigations illustrating its capability to specifically target distinct tissues and deliver a diverse range of pharmacological agents, the efficacy of various clinical trials incorporating TAT has been impeded by several considerable obstacles. Hence, there is much need for an in-depth investigation concerning the application of TAT in drug delivery mechanisms. In this review, we have elucidated the structure of TAT and its utility in the proficient delivery of various types of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Maani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Rahbarnia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Bahadori
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | | | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Cui Z, Zhou Z, Sun Z, Duan J, Liu R, Qi C, Yan C. Melittin and phospholipase A2: Promising anti-cancer candidates from bee venom. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117385. [PMID: 39241571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As the research on cancer-related treatment deepens, integrating traditional therapies with emerging interventions reveals new therapeutic possibilities. Melittin and phospholipase A2, the primary anti-cancer components of bee venom, are currently gaining increasing attention. This article reviews the various formulations of melittin in cancer therapy and its potential applications in clinical treatments. The reviewed formulations include melittin analogs, hydrogels, adenoviruses, fusion toxins, fusion peptides/proteins, conjugates, liposomes, and nanoparticles. The article also explored the collaborative therapeutic effects of melittin with natural products, synthetic drugs, radiotherapy, and gene expression regulatory strategies. Phospholipase A2 plays a key role in bee venom anti-cancer strategy due to its unique biological activity. Using an extensive literature review and the latest scientific results, this paper explores the current state and challenges of this field, with the aim to provide new perspectives that guide future research and potential clinical applications. This will further promote the application of bee venom in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zegao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiayue Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Runtian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cheng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Changqing Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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He H, He B, Guan L, Zhao Y, Jiang F, Chen G, Zhu Q, Chen CYC, Li T, Yao J. De novo generation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody CDRH3 with a pre-trained generative large language model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6867. [PMID: 39127753 PMCID: PMC11316817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have made great advances in assisting antibody design. However, antibody design still heavily relies on isolating antigen-specific antibodies from serum, which is a resource-intensive and time-consuming process. To address this issue, we propose a Pre-trained Antibody generative large Language Model (PALM-H3) for the de novo generation of artificial antibodies heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDRH3) with desired antigen-binding specificity, reducing the reliance on natural antibodies. We also build a high-precision model antigen-antibody binder (A2binder) that pairs antigen epitope sequences with antibody sequences to predict binding specificity and affinity. PALM-H3-generated antibodies exhibit binding ability to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including the emerging XBB variant, as confirmed through in-silico analysis and in-vitro assays. The in-vitro assays validate that PALM-H3-generated antibodies achieve high binding affinity and potent neutralization capability against spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and the emerging XBB variant. Meanwhile, A2binder demonstrates exceptional predictive performance on binding specificity for various epitopes and variants. Furthermore, by incorporating the attention mechanism inherent in the Roformer architecture into the PALM-H3 model, we improve its interpretability, providing crucial insights into the fundamental principles of antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohuai He
- AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Research Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing He
- AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| | - Lei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Guanxing Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Research Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- AI for Science (AI4S)-Preferred Program, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
- Guangdong L-Med Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Meizhou, 514699, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, China.
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Sinha B, Choudhury Y. Revisiting edible insects as sources of therapeutics and drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345281. [PMID: 38370484 PMCID: PMC10869617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been medicine's most formidable foe for long, and the rising incidence of the disease globally has made effective cancer therapy a significant challenge. Drug discovery is targeted at identifying efficacious compounds with minimal side effects and developments in nanotechnology and immunotherapy have shown promise in the fight against this complicated illness. Since ancient times, insects and insect-derived products have played a significant role in traditional medicine across several communities worldwide. The aim of this study was to inspect the traditional use of edible insects in various cultures and to explore their modern use in cancer therapy. Edible insects are sources of nutrients and a variety of beneficial substances with anticancer and immunomodulatory potential. Recently, insect derived bioactive-components have also been used as nanoparticles either in combination with chemotherapeutics or as a nano-cargo for the enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs due to their high biocompatibility, low bio-toxicity, and their antioxidant and anticancer effects. The crude extracts of different edible insects and their active components such as sericin, cecropin, solenopsin, melittin, antimicrobial peptides and fibroin produce anti-cancer and immunomodulatory effects by various mechanisms which have been discussed in this review.
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Bakhtiyari N, Farajnia S, Ghasemali S, Farajnia S, Pormohammad A, Saeidvafa S. Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance in Nosocomial Infections, A Review and Update. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:e260124226226. [PMID: 38284691 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265276529231214105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections, are a significant global concern due to their strong association with high mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. These infections are caused by a variety of pathogens, particularly the ESKAPE group of bacteria, which includes the six pathogens Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. These bacteria have demonstrated noteworthy resistance to different antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms can manifest in various forms, including restricting drug uptake, modifying drug targets, inactivating drugs, active drug efflux, and biofilm formation. Accordingly, various strategies have been developed to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These strategies encompass the development of new antibiotics, the utilization of bacteriophages that specifically target these bacteria, antimicrobial combination therapy and the use of peptides or enzymes that target the genomes or essential proteins of resistant bacteria. Among promising approaches to overcome antibiotic resistance, the CRISPR/Cas system stands out and offers many advantages. This system enables precise and efficient editing of genetic material at specific locations in the genome. Functioning as a bacterial "adaptive immune system," the CRISPR/Cas system recognizes, degrades, and remembers foreign DNA sequences through the use of spacer DNA segments that are transcribed into CRISPR RNAs (crRNA). This paper has focused on nosocomial infections, specifically the pathogens involved in hospital infections, the mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance, and the strategies currently employed to address this issue. Special emphasis has been placed on the application of CRISPR/Cas technology for overcoming antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bakhtiyari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ghasemali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Pormohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Yu X, Jia S, Yu S, Chen Y, Zhang C, Chen H, Dai Y. Recent advances in melittin-based nanoparticles for antitumor treatment: from mechanisms to targeted delivery strategies. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:454. [PMID: 38017537 PMCID: PMC10685715 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a naturally occurring cytolytic peptide, melittin (MLT) not only exhibits a potent direct tumor cell-killing effect but also possesses various immunomodulatory functions. MLT shows minimal chances for developing resistance and has been recognized as a promising broad-spectrum antitumor drug because of this unique dual mechanism of action. However, MLT still displays obvious toxic side effects during treatment, such as nonspecific cytolytic activity, hemolytic toxicity, coagulation disorders, and allergic reactions, seriously hampering its broad clinical applications. With thorough research on antitumor mechanisms and the rapid development of nanotechnology, significant effort has been devoted to shielding against toxicity and achieving tumor-directed drug delivery to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MLT. Herein, we mainly summarize the potential antitumor mechanisms of MLT and recent progress in the targeted delivery strategies for tumor therapy, such as passive targeting, active targeting and stimulus-responsive targeting. Additionally, we also highlight the prospects and challenges of realizing the full potential of MLT in the field of tumor therapy. By exploring the antitumor molecular mechanisms and delivery strategies of MLT, this comprehensive review may inspire new ideas for tumor multimechanism synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Siyu Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Haidan Chen
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Yanfeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Nabizadeh S, Rahbarnia L, Nowrozi J, Farajnia S, Hosseini F. Rational design of hybrid peptide with high antimicrobial property derived from Melittin and Lasioglossin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 42:13091-13099. [PMID: 37885265 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization of Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with unique abilities is now considered to improve AMPs' function as promising therapeutic candidates. In the current research, Lasioglossin (LL-III) with a high antimicrobial effect on Acinetobacter (A.) baumanni and Melittin with a high antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus were selected for designing a hybrid peptide with modified properties. In the present study, a hybrid peptide with modified properties was designed. Molecular dynamic (MD) and coarse-grained (CG) simulations were done to evaluate the stability and interaction of the hybrid peptide with related membrane models. In this study, a truncated Melittin peptide (11 amino acids) was fused to an LL-III peptide (15 amino acids) to raise the antimicrobial activity. A new hybrid peptide analog (LM1) was selected by replacing the arginine with isoleucine in the fifth position of truncated Melittin to raise the antimicrobial rate of the peptide. The potential for binding of the LM1 to lipid membrane (D factor) was increased from 2.02 related to Melittin to 3.62. Based on VMD results, the N-terminal of LM1 peptide related to LL-III was the alpha helix during 200 ns. However, the C-terminal region related to the Melittin peptide only at 50 ns was in alpha helix form. The RMSD of the LM1 peptide was in the range of 0.2 to 0.8, which, after 160 ns, reached stability. RMSD and RMSF results indicated no unwanted fluctuations during the 200 ns MD simulation. A significant movement of LM1 peptide inside the S. aureus membrane(4.76 nm) and A. baumanni membrane (3.2 nm) was observed by CG simulation. Our findings highlight the high stability of the designed hybrid peptide and its antimicrobial potential to halter A. baumanii and S. aureus bacteria.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Nabizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Rahbarnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Nowrozi
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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