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Popović ME. Animal bioenergetics: Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of growth and metabolism of Anguilla anguilla. ZOOLOGY 2024; 163:126158. [PMID: 38428123 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioenergetics and biothermodynamics are valuable tools in research on growth and metabolic processes of a wide range of organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae and plants, as is shown by the many publications on this topic in the literature. These studies provide insight into growth and metabolism of individual species, as well as interactions between species, like the virus-host interaction (infection) and virus-virus interaction (competition). However, this approach has not yet been applied to animal species. The universality of biothermodynamics and bioenergetics provides a good motive to apply them in analysis of animals. In this research, we made a bioenergetic, biothermodynamic and kinetic characterization for the first time for an animal species - Anguilla anguilla L. (European eel). We made a comparative analysis on yellow (young adult) and silver (mature adult) phases. Metabolic processes were modeled as chemical reactions with characteristic thermodynamic properties: enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. Moreover, Gibbs energy explained growth rates, through phenomenological equations. This analysis of animal metabolism and growth explained metabolic properties of yellow and silver A. anguilla, including the bioenergetic aspect of life history. Moreover, we compared thermodynamic properties of A. anguilla with those of its main macromolecular components and other organisms. The thermodynamic properties were explained by the structural properties of organisms. This research extends the bioenergetic and biothermodynamic approaches to zoology, which should allow analysis of the energetic aspect of animal metabolic processes, interactions with their environment and interactions with other organisms. Furthermore, it connects the macroscopic perspective of zoology with the microscopic perspectives of biochemistry, bioenergetics and biothermodynamics. This will provide a basis for development of mechanistic models of animal growth and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko E Popović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
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Wang Y, Yu G, Shi J, Zhang X, Huo J, Li M, Chen J, Yu L, Li Y, Han Z, Zhang J, Ren X, Wang Y, Yuntana W. Retrospective study about clinical severity and epidemiological analysis of the COVID-19 Omicron subvariant lineage-infected patients in Hohhot, China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:206. [PMID: 38360539 PMCID: PMC10870667 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of a global public health issue and fresh infection wave in the persistent COVID-19 pandemic has been enflamed by the appearance of the novel variant Omicron BF.7 lineage. Recently, it has been seeing the novel Omicron subtype BF.7 lineage has sprawled exponentially in Hohhot. More than anything, risk stratification is significant to ascertain patients infected with COVID-19 who the most need in-hospital or in-home management. The study intends to understand the clinical severity and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 Omicron subvariant BF.7. lineage via gathering and analyzing the cases with Omicron subvariant in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. METHODS Based upon this, we linked variant Omicron BF.7 individual-level information including sex, age, symptom, underlying conditions and vaccination record. Further, we divided the cases into various groups and assessed the severity of patients according to the symptoms of patients with COVID-19. Clinical indicators and data might help to predict disadvantage outcomes and progression among Omicron BF.7 patients. RESULTS In this study, in patients with severe symptoms, some indicators from real world data such as white blood cells, AST, ALT and CRE in patients with Omicron BF.7 in severe symptoms were significantly higher than mild and asymptomatic patients, while some indicators were significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS Above results suggested that the indicators were associated with ponderance of clinical symptoms. Our survey emphasized the value of timely investigations of clinical data obtained by systemic study to acquire detailed information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Hohhot Dian Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd. No, 329 Jin Peng Street, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310030, China
| | - Jingru Shi
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xiaqing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Jianxin Huo
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Meng Li
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Liyuan Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Zhiliang Han
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Jianwen Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xuna Ren
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Wu Yuntana
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China.
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Popovic M, Tadić V, Mihailović M. From genotype to phenotype with biothermodynamics: empirical formulas, biosynthesis reactions and thermodynamic properties of preproinsulin, proinsulin and insulin molecules. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37695630 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2256880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin was discovered 100 years ago and has been well studied from the perspectives of life and biomedical sciences. This paper reports chemical and biothermodynamic properties of biosynthesis of insulin. This paper reports for the first time the molecular and empirical formulas, biosynthesis reactions, and thermodynamic properties of molecules and their biosynthesis for human preproinsulin, proinsulin, insulin chain A, insulin chain B, insulin, signal peptide and intermediate peptide (C-peptide). Based on these, metabolic reactions were formulated for conversion of preproinsulin to insulin and their thermodynamic feasibility was analyzed.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojin Tadić
- Department for Experimental Testing of Precious Metals, Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Bor, Serbia
| | - Marija Mihailović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Yu L, Wang C, Li X, Wang X, Kang Y, Ma X, Sun R, Sun Y, Zhu R, Jia L, Yao Y, Li X, Zhang D, Pan Y, Lv B, Yuan J, Zhao L, Gu Q, Zhang J. Clinical characteristics of abruptly increased paediatric patients with Omicron BF.7 or BA.5.2 in Beijing. Virol J 2023; 20:209. [PMID: 37684638 PMCID: PMC10492331 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has hit Beijing since mid-Nov, 2022, with soaring growth of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among children. Therefore, it is vital to determine the clinical manifestations of epidemic SARS-CoV-2 strains in paediatric patients. METHODS In this study, nucleic acid tests (NATs) for SARS-CoV-2 were performed in paediatric outpatients with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection during 18 Nov-6 Dec, 2022. Half of the outpatients positive for SARS-CoV-2 were randomly selected to screen for other respiratory pathogens, whereas those with low cycle threshold values in SARS-CoV-2 NATs were amplified and sequenced to determine the SARS-CoV-2 variants. Finally, children positive for SARS-CoV-2 with clinical information in detail were enrolled in a follow-up study to identify potential factors significantly associated with long recovery. RESULTS Among 9625 paediatric outpatients tested for nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2, 733 (7.62%, 733/9625) were identified as SARS-CoV-2 NAT positive, with only three (0.82%, 3/366) co-infected with other pathogens among 366 randomly selected patients, and 71 (62.83%) determined as Omicron subvariant BF.7 and 42 (37.22%) as BA.5.2 among 113 successfully sequenced. Among the 681 patients with complete clinical information, fever was the most common symptom (96.8%). In a follow-up study of 592 patients, 46.96% became asymptomatic on the third day and 65.71% on the fifth day. Only 1.7% of infected children experienced febrile seizures. Combined with abnormal C-reactive protein, a higher percentage of antibiotics administration was observed. More co-living members and longer duration of first symptoms served as independent risk factors for long-term recovery, especially in children vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS BF.7 and BA.5.2 were the dominate Omicron subvariants and caused milder infections during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Beijing. The number of co-living members and duration of first symptoms were independent risk factors for long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Infection Management, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Congying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Disease in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yingying Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Disease in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Runan Zhu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Disease in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Liping Jia
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Disease in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Disease in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Bing Lv
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Linqing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Disease in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Qinglong Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Popovic M. SARS-CoV-2 strain wars continues: Chemical and thermodynamic characterization of live matter and biosynthesis of Omicron BN.1, CH.1.1 and XBC variants. MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 24:100260. [PMID: 36974134 PMCID: PMC10032061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has during the last 3 years mutated several dozen times. Most mutations in the newly formed variants have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized. New variants have been declared as variants under monitoring. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has suggested the hypothesis that the new BN.1, CH.1.1 and XBC variants could have properties similar to those of VOC. Thermodynamic properties of new variants have been reported in this manuscript for the first time. Gibbs energy of biosynthesis, as the driving force for viral multiplication, is less negative for the new variants than for the earlier variants. This indicates that the virus has evolved towards decrease in pathogenicity, which leads to less severe forms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Popovic M, Pantović Pavlović M, Pavlović M. Ghosts of the past: Elemental composition, biosynthesis reactions and thermodynamic properties of Zeta P.2, Eta B.1.525, Theta P.3, Kappa B.1.617.1, Iota B.1.526, Lambda C.37 and Mu B.1.621 variants of SARS-CoV-2. MICROBIAL RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 24:100263. [PMID: 37234934 PMCID: PMC10199755 DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2023.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
From the perspectives of molecular biology, genetics and biothermodynamics, SARS-CoV-2 is the among the best characterized viruses. Research on SARS-CoV-2 has shed a new light onto driving forces and molecular mechanisms of viral evolution. This paper reports results on empirical formulas, biosynthesis reactions and thermodynamic properties of biosynthesis (multiplication) for the Zeta P.2, Eta B.1.525, Theta P.3, Kappa B.1.617.1, Iota B.1.526, Lambda C.37 and Mu B.1.621 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Thermodynamic analysis has shown that the physical driving forces for evolution of SARS-CoV-2 are Gibbs energy of biosynthesis and Gibbs energy of binding. The driving forces have led SARS-CoV-2 through the evolution process from the original Hu-1 to the newest variants in accordance with the expectations of the evolution theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Pantović Pavlović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Chemistry and Environmental Engineering - ICTM, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Pavlović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence in Chemistry and Environmental Engineering - ICTM, Belgrade, Serbia
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