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Li H, Vulova S, Rocha AD, Kleinschmit B. Spatio-temporal feature attribution of European summer wildfires with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:170330. [PMID: 38278254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires are among the most destructive natural disasters globally. Understanding the drivers behind wildfires is a crucial aspect of preventing and managing them. Machine learning methods have gained popularity in wildfire modeling in recent years, but their algorithms are usually complex and challenging to interpret. In this study, we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value, an Explainable Artificial Intelligence method, to interpret the model and thus generate spatio-temporal feature attributions. Our research focuses on the forest, shrub and herbaceous vegetated areas of Europe during the summers from 2018 to 2022. Using burned areas, meteorology, vegetation, topography, and anthropogenic activity data, we established a wildfire occurrence model using random forest classification. The model was highly accurate, with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of 0.940. The SHAP results revealed six features that significantly influence wildfire occurrences: land surface temperature (LST), solar radiation (SR), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), precipitation (Prep), and soil moisture (SM). The tipping points for the positive or negative shifts in contributions are around 30 °C (LST), 2.20e7 J/m^2 (SR), 0.2 (TCI), 0.78 (NDVI), 2 mm/h (Prep), and 0.18 (SM). These predictors display strong spatial variability in their contribution levels. In Southern Europe, LST and SR emerge as the primary contributors to wildfires, making substantial impacts. Conversely, in regions at mid and high latitudes in Europe, NDVI, Prep, and SM assume a more prominent role in promoting wildfires, albeit with relatively smaller contributions. Furthermore, the disparities in SHAP values for TCI and SMCI across different years provide valuable insights into the effects of variation in regional meteorological conditions on wildfires. Our study provides a new approach to uncovering the spatio-temporal variations of feature contributions, which will help to better understand the mechanism of wildfire occurrence and enhance prevention and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Li
- Geoinformation in Environmental Planning Lab, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stenka Vulova
- Geoinformation in Environmental Planning Lab, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Landscape Architecture and Landscape Planning, Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany
| | - Alby Duarte Rocha
- Geoinformation in Environmental Planning Lab, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Kleinschmit
- Geoinformation in Environmental Planning Lab, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Popović ME. Animal bioenergetics: Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of growth and metabolism of Anguilla anguilla. ZOOLOGY 2024; 163:126158. [PMID: 38428123 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioenergetics and biothermodynamics are valuable tools in research on growth and metabolic processes of a wide range of organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae and plants, as is shown by the many publications on this topic in the literature. These studies provide insight into growth and metabolism of individual species, as well as interactions between species, like the virus-host interaction (infection) and virus-virus interaction (competition). However, this approach has not yet been applied to animal species. The universality of biothermodynamics and bioenergetics provides a good motive to apply them in analysis of animals. In this research, we made a bioenergetic, biothermodynamic and kinetic characterization for the first time for an animal species - Anguilla anguilla L. (European eel). We made a comparative analysis on yellow (young adult) and silver (mature adult) phases. Metabolic processes were modeled as chemical reactions with characteristic thermodynamic properties: enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. Moreover, Gibbs energy explained growth rates, through phenomenological equations. This analysis of animal metabolism and growth explained metabolic properties of yellow and silver A. anguilla, including the bioenergetic aspect of life history. Moreover, we compared thermodynamic properties of A. anguilla with those of its main macromolecular components and other organisms. The thermodynamic properties were explained by the structural properties of organisms. This research extends the bioenergetic and biothermodynamic approaches to zoology, which should allow analysis of the energetic aspect of animal metabolic processes, interactions with their environment and interactions with other organisms. Furthermore, it connects the macroscopic perspective of zoology with the microscopic perspectives of biochemistry, bioenergetics and biothermodynamics. This will provide a basis for development of mechanistic models of animal growth and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko E Popović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
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3
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Li M, Lao F, Pan X, Yuan L, Zhang D, Wu J. Insights into the mechanisms driving microbial community succession during pepper fermentation: Roles of microbial interactions and endogenous environmental changes. Food Res Int 2024; 179:114033. [PMID: 38342553 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the driving mechanism of microbial community succession during pepper fermentation contributes to establishing efficient fermentation regulation strategies. This study utilized three-generation high-throughput sequencing technology, microbial co-occurrence network analysis, and random forest analysis to reveal microbial community succession processes and driving mechanisms during pepper fermentation. The results showed that more positive correlations than negative correlations were observed among microorganisms, with positive correlation proportions of 60 %, 51.03 %, and 71.43 % between bacteria and bacteria, fungi and fungi, and bacteria and fungi in sipingtou peppers, and 69.23 %, 54.93 %, and 79.44 % in zhudachang peppers, respectively. Microbial interactions, mainly among Weissella hellenica, Lactobacillus plantarum, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, and Kazachstania humillis, could drive bacterial and fungal community succession. Notably, the bacterial community successions during the fermentation of two peppers were similar, showing the transition from Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Weissella ghanensis to Weissella hellenica and Lactobacillus plantarum. However, the fungal community successions in the two fermented peppers differed significantly, and the differential biomarkers were Dipodascus geotrichum and Kazachstania humillis. Differences in autochthonous microbial composition and inherent constituents brought by pepper varieties resulted in different endogenous environmental changes, mainly in fructose, malic acid, and citric acid. Furthermore, endogenous environmental factors could also drive microbial community succession, with succinic acid, lactic acid, and malic acid being the main potential drivers of bacterial community succession, whereas fructose, glucose, and succinic acid were the main drivers of fungal community succession. These results will provide insights into controlling fermentation processes by raw material combinations, optimization of environmental parameters, and microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilun Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Lao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donghao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Wang Z, Sun F, Guo Q, Gooddy DC, Wu F. Global scale identification of catchments phosphorus source shifts with urbanization: A phosphate oxygen isotope and Bayesian mixing model approach. Water Res 2024; 250:121026. [PMID: 38134856 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Different scenarios of urban expansion can influence the dynamic characteristics of catchments in terms of phosphorus (P). It is important to identify the changes in P sources that occur during the process of urbanization to develop targeted policies for managing P in catchments. However, there is a knowledge gap in quantifying the variations of potential P sources associated with urbanization. By combining phosphate oxygen isotopes from global catchments with a Bayesian model and the urbanization process, we demonstrate that the characteristics of potential P sources (such as fertilizers, urban wastewater, faeces, and bedrock) change as urban areas expand. Our results indicate that using phosphate oxygen isotopes in conjunction with a Bayesian model provides direct evidence of the proportions of potential P sources. We classify catchment P loadings into three stages based on shifts in potential P sources during urban expansion. During the initial stage of urbanization (urban areas < 1.5 %), urban domestic and industrial wastewater are the main contributors to P loadings in catchments. In the mid-term acceleration stage (1.5 % ≤ urban areas < 3.5 %), efforts to improve wastewater treatment significantly reduce wastewater P input, but the increase in fertilizer P input offsets this reduction in sewage-derived P. In the high-level urbanization stage (urban areas ≥ 3.5 %), the proportions of the four potential P sources tend to stabilize. Remote areas bear the burden of excessive P loadings to meet the growing food demand and improved diets resulting from the increasing urban population. Our findings support the development of strategies for water quality management that better consider the driving forces of urbanization on catchment P loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Xu H, Zhang F, Li W, Shi J, Johnson BA, Tan ML. Spatial-temporal pattern of change in production-living-ecological space of Nanchong City from 2000 to 2020 and underlying factors. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:94. [PMID: 38150164 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the spatial-temporal change pattern and underlying factors in production-living-ecological space (PLES) of Nanchong City, China, over the past 20 years using historical land use data (2000, 2010, 2020). A land use transfer matrix was calculated from the historical land use maps, and spatial analysis was conducted to analyze changes in the land use dynamics degree, standard deviation ellipse, and center of gravity. The results showed that there was a rapid spatial evolution of the PLES in Nanchong from 2000 to 2010, followed by a stabilization in the second decade. The transfer of ecological-production space occurred mainly in the Jialing and Yilong River basins, while the reduction of production space and the increase of living space were most prominent in the intersection of three districts (Shunqing, Jialing, and Gaoping districts). The return of production-ecological space was observed in the south and northeast of Yingshan, and there was little notable transfer of other types. The distribution of production space in Nanchong evolved in a north-south to east-west trend, with the center of gravity moving from Yilong to Peng'an County. The living space and production space expanded in a north-south direction, and the center of gravity position was in Nanbu, indicating a more balanced growth or decrease in the last 20 years. The changes in the spatial-temporal pattern of PLES in Nanchong were attributed to the intertwined factors of national policies, economic development, population growth, and the natural environment. This study introduced a novel approach towards rational planning of land resources in Nanchong, which may facilitate more sustainable urban planning and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Xu
- College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 32004, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 32004, China.
| | - Weipeng Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Jingchao Shi
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Brian Alan Johnson
- Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services Area, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa, 2400115, Japan
| | - Mou Leong Tan
- GeoInformatic Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
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Ou S, Wei W, Cheng S, Cai B. Exploring drivers of the aggravated surface O 3 over North China Plain in summer of 2015-2019: Aerosols, precursors, and meteorology. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:453-464. [PMID: 36522077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuous aggravated surface O3 over North China Plain (NCP) has attracted widely public concern. Herein, we evaluated the effects of changes in aerosols, precursor emissions, and meteorology on O3 in summer (June) of 2015-2019 over NCP via 8 scenarios with WRF-Chem model. The simulated mean MDA8 O3 in urban areas of 13 major cities in NCP increased by 17.1%∼34.8%, which matched well with the observations (10.8%∼33.1%). Meanwhile, the model could faithfully reproduce the changes in aerosol loads, precursors, and meteorological conditions. A relatively-even O3 increase (+1.2%∼+3.9% for 24-h O3 and +1.0%∼+3.8% for MDA8 O3) was induced by PM2.5 dropping, which was consistent with the geographic distribution of regional PM2.5 reduction. Meanwhile, the NO2 reduction coupled with a near-constant VOCs led to the elevated VOCs/NOx ratios, and then caused O3 rising in the areas under VOCs-limited regimes. Therein, the pronounced increases occurred in Handan, Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Langfang (+10.7%∼+13.6% for 24-h O3 and +10.2%∼+12.2% for MDA8 O3); while the increases in other cities were 5.7%∼10.5% for 24-h O3 and 4.9%∼9.2% for MDA8 O3. Besides, the meteorological fluctuations brought about the more noticeable O3 increases in northern parts (+12.5%∼+13.5% for 24-h O3 and +11.2%∼+12.4% for MDA8 O3) than those in southern and central parts (+3.2%∼+9.3% for 24-h O3 and +3.7%∼+8.8% for MDA8 O3). The sum of the impacts of the three drivers reached 16.7%∼21.9%, which were comparable to the changes of the observed O3. Therefore, exploring reasonable emissions-reduction strategies is essential for the ozone pollution mitigation over this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Ou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Bin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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7
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu H, Liu Y, Yu L, Wang Q, Dong Y, Sun J, Tran LSP, Li W. Aggravation of nitrogen losses driven by agriculture and livestock farming development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. J Environ Manage 2023; 326:116795. [PMID: 36442330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) losses from crop-livestock production is a major threat to the environment and human health at regional, national and global scales. A comprehensive understanding of the sources, spatiotemporal distribution and drivers of N losses is of great significance for mitigating its negative impacts and promoting N sustainable management. Here, we used the county-scale N flow model to quantitatively analyze the N losses and their driving forces of crop-livestock production on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Between 2000 and 2018, the total N losses increased for more than 79% of counties on the QTP. The hotspot areas accounted for over 80% of total N losses, expanding from the east and south to the north and west of the QTP. NH3 was the main source of atmospheric N losses (over 80%) while the direct discharge of manure was the main source of water N losses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that chemical fertilizer caused the largest driving effect on atmospheric N losses, and the total output value of agriculture and forestry was the main driver of water N losses. Uneven distribution of crop production and livestock contributed to the aggravation of N losses. Over 70% of counties had grater manure N excretion than crops could take up, and large proportion of manure could not be returned to the field. More than 90% of the counties used grater amount of chemical fertilizer N than crops could take up, indicating that livestock manure has not yet fully replaced chemical fertilizer N. The results provide effective guidance and support for N utilization and management of livestock in agricultural and pastoral areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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Chen B, Ren C, Wang C, Duan J, Reis S, Gu B. Driving forces of nitrogen use efficiency in Chinese croplands on county scale. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120610. [PMID: 36356887 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, defined as the fraction of N input harvested as product) is an important indicator to understand nitrogen use and losses in croplands as an element of determining sustainable food production. China, as the country with the largest amount of nitrogen fertilizer use globally, research into NUE consistently finds it to be much lower than that in developed countries. Understanding the driving forces of the underlying causes of this low NUE is thus crucial to improve nitrogen use and reduce losses in China. Here we applied the CHANS model to estimate cropland NUE for over 2800 counties in China for the year 2017. Results showed that in most counties NUE ranged between 20% and 40%, while an NUE >50% was mainly found in Northeastern China, likely as a result of large-scale, modern agriculture operations. The source of N input and crop types significantly affected NUE in our assessment. Nitrogen deposition, straw recycling, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) could improve NUE, while chemical nitrogen fertilizer and manure inputs reduce NUE. Grain crops have a much higher NUE compared to vegetables, which are often over-fertilized. Moreover, NUE in Southern China is strongly influenced by natural factors such as temperature and precipitation. Specifically, NUE in the Yangtze River Delta (eastern coastal region of China) is associated with socio-economic factors including GDP and the degree of urbanization, while in North-central China, NUE is mainly determined by nitrogen input sources. These examples illustrate that approaches aiming at improving NUE need to be location-specific with consideration of multiple natural and socioeconomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Policy Simulation Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- Policy Simulation Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Policy Simulation Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Duan
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom; University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Truro, TR1 3HD, United Kingdom; The University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Baojing Gu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang X, Sun Z, Zhang W, Li X, Hu J. What drives horizontal logistics collaboration? A grounded theory analysis of Chinese logistics service providers. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504221148006. [PMID: 36734136 PMCID: PMC10450272 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221148006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal logistics collaboration is characterized by the highly professional cooperation of logistics service providers at the same level of the supply chain, which is an effective way to optimize the development and sustainability of modern logistics. Conducting a coding analysis of data from 41 in-depth interviews, this study constructs a theoretical framework of the driving force of horizontal logistics collaboration among Chinese logistics service providers to synchronously improve service, market, efficiency, and emergency competitiveness through cooperation with peer competitors to enhance sustainable comprehensive competitiveness. The four driving forces encourage logistics service providers to adjust their thoughts in the planning stage, change their behavior in the implementation stage, and transform their strategy in the evaluation stage. The results also indicate differences between China and other countries in the driving force, effective utilization of logistics workers, cross-institutional collaboration of state-owned enterprises, and integration of artificial intelligence technology. Finally, we propose relevant recommendations for managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Business School, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- Business School, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Management School, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Business School, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juan Hu
- School of Economics and Management, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ai B, Wang P, Yang Z, Tian Y, Liu D. Spatiotemporal dynamics analysis of aquaculture zones and its impact on green tide disaster in Haizhou Bay, China. Mar Environ Res 2023; 183:105825. [PMID: 36401955 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid marine economic development, the problem of the marine ecological environment has become progressively prominent. Mariculture monitoring plays an essential role in sustaining ecological stability, rational planning, and green economic development of sea areas. Using the Landsat image, the raft-mariculture area information of Haizhou Bay and its adjacent southern waters were extracted by the object-oriented classification method based on remote sensing techniques. Landscape pattern index and principal component analysis were used to analyze the spatiotemporal expansion and structural changes of mariculture areas, and to quantify the effects of natural, socio-economic factors on the spatiotemporal variations of mariculture areas. This study discusses the correlation between the mariculture area and the outbreak scale of Enteromorpha Enteromorpha green tide. Results show that the object-oriented classification method has the highest accuracy, with total classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient of more than 90% and 0.79, respectively. The total area, patch density, and landscape shape index of mariculture areas in Haizhou Bay increase yearly, which demonstrates that the heterogeneity and fragmentation increase with the expansion of the mariculture area. The landscape pattern changes in the mariculture area are predominantly impacted by annual mean sea surface temperature (SST), annual average wind speed, social development level, and population density, etc. The larger the area of raft-aquaculture, the wider the outbreak scale of the Enteromorpha prolifera disaster. Study results can provide scientific references for the further development of mariculture in Haizhou Bay and marine environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ai
- College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Yuxin Tian
- College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
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Ma B, Jing J, Liu B, Xu Y, Dou S, He H. Quantitative assessment of the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP changes in the Southwest Karst area of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:80597-80611. [PMID: 35723822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Net primary production (NPP) is an essential component of the terrestrial carbon cycle and an essential factor of ecological processes. In global change research, it was the core content to study the driving forces of NPP change. In this paper, we focused on the Southwest Karst area of China and analyzed the response mechanisms of NPP to topography, land-use types, climatic change, and human activities. Our results showed that (1) changes in elevation and slope lead to significant differences in the spatial distribution of NPP. With the increase of elevation and slope, NPP first increased and then decreased, their critical values were 2000 m and 15°, respectively. (2) NPP varied significantly among different land-use types. The average NPP of the forest was the highest, and the average NPP of cultivated land increased fastest. (3) Temperature and precipitation had the most substantial influence on NPP, both of them promoted the increase of NPP, and the effect of temperature was more obvious in the Southwest Karst area. (4) Ecological engineering significantly promoted the change of NPP, while animal husbandry significantly inhibited the change of NPP. (5) There were significant spatial differences in the driving effects and corresponding contributions of climatic change and human activities; both of them promoted the increase of NPP in the Southwest Karst area of China. Under climatic change and human activities, NPP increased by 1.24 gC·m-2·year-1 and 2.29 gC·m-2·year-1, respectively. The contributions rates of climatic change and human activities separately accounted for 35% and 65%. The contribution of human activities on NPP was much higher than that of climatic change in the Southwest Karst area, and the results suggested that we should focus on the role of human activities on NPP change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Ma
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Juanli Jing
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi Province, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi Province, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shiqing Dou
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Hongchang He
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi Province, China
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12
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Popovic M. Strain wars 4 - Darwinian evolution through Gibbs' glasses: Gibbs energies of binding and growth explain evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from Hu-1 to BA.2. Virology 2022; 575:36-42. [PMID: 36057159 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
All processes in nature are driven by negative Gibbs energy. Gibbs energy is used by various viruses and their strains to hijack host cell metabolic machinery. The analysis was made by using the atom counting method to obtain elemental compositions and Gibbs energy of growth of the BA.2 strain of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, Gibbs energy of binding was determined for the BA.2 strain. The properties of BA.2 were compared to those of Hu-1, Delta and Omicron strains. It is concluded that SARS-CoV-2 has evolved by making its Gibbs energy of binding more negative. Hence, it seems that the change in Gibbs energy of binding plays the major role in SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Therefore, Gibbs energy difference between various strains represents the possible mechanism of Darwinian evolution of viruses. In particular, a virus evolves through mutations, resulting in change in information content, elemental composition, increase in infectivity and decrease in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Popovic
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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13
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Wei KN, Zhang QJ, Zhang YQ, Zeng X, Xiao X, Huang Y, Chen K, Tao Z. Clustering emission of cucurbit[n]urils in the solid- and solution-state induced by the outer surface interactions of cucurbit[n]urils. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 272:121015. [PMID: 35180484 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atypical luminescent compounds that do not contain conventional chromophores emit light due to clustering and have important basic research value and a broad range of potential applications. To date, most atypical luminescent compounds are small molecules or polymers containing groups such as cyano, carbonyl and hydroxyl. In this work, driven by some sporadic and accidental luminescence phenomena observed for cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s), the luminescent properties and mechanism of Q[n]s in the solid- and solution-state were systematically studied and the clustering emission of Q[n]s confirmed. Our experiments have revealed that the self-induced outer-surface interactions of Q[n]s (OSIQ) are the most important driving force resulting in the clustering emission of Q[n]s. Substances that can weaken the effect of self-induced OSIQ, such as the presence of various aromatic compounds and anions, may weaken or quench the clustering emission of Q[n]s. This not only reveals the new characteristics and mechanism of the clustering emission of Q[n]s, but also provides new insights on how to utilize the clustering emission of Q[n]s and construct new types of macrocyclic luminescence systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ni Wei
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qian-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yun-Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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14
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Tuyishimire A, Liu Y, Yin J, Kou L, Lin S, Lin J, Kubwimana JJ, Moharrami K, Simbi CH. Drivers of the increasing water footprint in Africa: The food consumption perspective. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:152196. [PMID: 34883173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Africa, water resources pervade multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs), which mainly focus on eliminating poverty (SDG 1) and hunger (SDG 2), promoting good health and well-being (SDG 3) and supporting clean water and sanitation (SDG 6). Africa's water scarcity problems have been worsened by population growth and climate change. Agriculture is the largest consumer of water in Africa, and a clear understanding of the water-food nexus is necessary to effectively alleviate water-related pressures on food security. Water footprint (WF) accounts and decompositions provide insights into water management planning for policy-makers. We investigated the WF of food consumption from 2000 to 2018 in 23 African countries and used the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) to decompose its driving forces into consumption structure, per capita food consumption, water intensity and population effect. The WF of food consumption increased from 609.8 km3 in 2000 to 1212.9 km3 in 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 3.7%. The population effect contributed most to this change (64.6%), followed by per capita food consumption (28.3%) and consumption structure (7.1%). Cereals (46.7%) and livestock (24.4%) were the major contributors to the increase in the total WF. Our findings highlight that controlling population growth and improving water efficiency are effective measures to relieve water-related pressures on food consumption. However, a healthy dietary structure must also be promoted because Africa's current dietary energy level is below the global average. Moreover, nine countries in the research area have an inadequate supply of dietary energy; this will inevitably drive the WF of food, as calories increase and diets change. This study is helpful for understanding the water-food nexus in Africa and provides strategies to conserve water and enhance food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Tuyishimire
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Yin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Limin Kou
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shuifa Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianyi Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | | | - Kimiya Moharrami
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Jiang L, Bao A, Jiapaer G, Liu R, Yuan Y, Yu T. Monitoring land degradation and assessing its drivers to support sustainable development goal 15.3 in Central Asia. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150868. [PMID: 34626623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Land degradation has become one of the most critical environmental and socioeconomic issues in the world, particularly in Central Asia. Moreover, the realization of Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) in Central Asia faces enormous challenges in achieving the global Sustainable Development Goal 15.3 (SDG 15.3). It is critical to monitor land degradation and assess its drivers in Central Asia. In this study, an Optimal Land Degradation Index (OLDI) was established as a new index for monitoring land degradation using a constrained optimization algorithm. The spatiotemporal characteristics of LDN were monitored in Central Asia. Further analysis explored the driving force of land degradation in different areas. The results showed that 7.22% and 15.33% of the total land area exhibited land improvement and land degradation, respectively. According to abrupt change analysis, mutation changes in the OLDI were observed in 2005, 2012 and 2015. At the subnational scale, most regions in Central Asia have not achieved the goal of LDN. The residual analysis highlighted the drivers of spatial differences in land degradation performance in Central Asia. Drought was the main driving force affecting land degradation by the compound effect of decreased precipitation and increased temperature on the Ustyurt Plateau, while 24.01% of the land degradation areas resulted from anthropogenic disturbances and were mainly distributed in the areas surrounding the Aral Sea. The results also indicated that 72.56% of the land improvement areas resulted from human activities and were mainly concentrated in the Balkhash Lake Delta and the Amudarya Delta. In Central Asia, the realization of SDG 15.3 by 2030 remains a severe challenge. Restoration measures should be prioritized in land degradation areas in Central Asia to implement the LDN initiative, especially around the Aral Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Jiang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of GIS Application, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Anming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Guli Jiapaer
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of GIS Application, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The saline-alkali soil area accounts for over 1/4-1/5 of the land area in Gansu Province of China, which are mainly distributed in the north of Hexi corridor and Jingtai basin. The unique ecological environment contains unique and diverse microbial resources. The investigation of microbial diversity in saline environment is vital to comprehend the biological mechanisms of saline adaption, develop and utilize microbial resources. RESULTS The Illumina MiSeq sequencing method was practiced to investigate the bacterial diversity and composition in the 5 subtypes and 13 genera of saline-alkali soil in Gansu Province, China. The results from this study show that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant bacterial groups in 13 saline soil. Proteobacteria had the greatest abundance in sulfate-type meadow solonchaks and orthic solonchaks, chloride-type orthic solonchaks and bog solonchaks, sulfate-chloride-type, chloride-sulfate-type, and sulfate-type dry solonchaks. Halobacteria was the dominant bacterial class in soil samples except for sulfate-type meadow solonchaks and orthic solonchaks, chloride-type orthic solonchaks and bog solonchaks. The richness estimators of Ace and Chao 1 and the diversity indices of Shannon and Simpson revealed the least diversity in bacterial community in sulfate-chloride-type orthic solonchaks. CONCLUSIONS The sulfate anion was the most important driving force for bacterial composition (17.7%), and the second most influencing factor was pH value (11.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Nan
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Quanen Guo
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shiyu Cao
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zongbing Zhan
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
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17
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Lv F, Zhao F, Cheng D, Dong Z, Jia H, Xiao X, Orejon D. Bioinspired functional SLIPSs and wettability gradient surfaces and their synergistic cooperation and opportunities for enhanced condensate and fluid transport. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102564. [PMID: 34861513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired smart functional surfaces have received increasing attention in recent years owed to their tunable wettability and enhanced droplet transport suggesting them as excellent candidates for industrial and nanotechnology-related applications. More specifically, bioinspired slippery lubricant infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have been proposed for their low adhesion enabling continuous dropwise condensation (DWC) even of low-surface tension fluids. In addition, functional surfaces with chemical and/or structural wettability gradients have also been exploited empowering spontaneous droplet transport in a controlled manner. Current research has focused on the better understanding of the mechanisms and intimate interactions taking place between liquid droplets and functional surfaces or on the forces imposed by differences in surface wettability and/or by Laplace pressure owed to chemical or structural gradients. Nonetheless, less attention has been paid to the synergistic cooperation of efficiently driving droplet transport via chemical and/or structural patterns/gradients on a low surface energy/adhesion background imposed by SLIPSs, with the consequent promising potential for microfluidics and condensation heat transfer applications amongst others. This review provides a detailed and timely overview and summary on recent advances and developments on bioinspired SLIPSs and on wettability gradient surfaces with focus on their synergistic cooperation for condensation and fluid transport related applications. Firstly, the fundamental theory and mechanisms governing complex droplet transport on homogeneous, on wettability gradient surfaces and on inclined SLIPSs are introduced. Secondly, recent advances on the fabrication and characterization of SLIPSs and functional surfaces are presented. Then, the condensation performance on such functional surfaces comprising chemical or structural wettability gradients is reviewed and their applications on condensation heat transfer are summarized. Last a summary outlook highlighting the opportunities and challenges on the synergistic cooperation of SLIPSs and wettability gradient surfaces for heat transfer as well as future perspective in modern applications are presented.
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18
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Wang X, Zhu K, Zhang L, Li A, Chen C, Huang J, Zhang Y. Mechanical property and heavy metal leaching behavior enhancement of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash during the pressure-assisted sintering treatment. J Environ Manage 2022; 301:113856. [PMID: 34626948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The conventional sintering process of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is always energy intensive. The process forms a cracked structure because of the difficulty in forming the liquid phase to enhance the mass transfer process. Therefore, exploring a new disposal method to simultaneously decrease the sintering temperature and improve the mechanical and heavy metal leaching properties of sintered samples is necessary. In this study, a pressure-assisted sintering treatment was introduced to dispose fly ash by varying the chemical composition and mechanical pressure at relatively low temperatures (300-500 °C). The results revealed that the compressive strength of treated samples increased with the CaO/SiO2 molar ratio increasing from 0.5 to 1.0, and a maximum value of 238.28 ± 8.50 MPa was obtained. The heavy metal leaching concentration results demonstrated a low risk of contamination in the treated samples. Microstructure analyses suggested that the densification process was enhanced with increased mechanical pressure, and the formed calcium silicates and aluminosilicates positively affected the compressive strength. Moreover, smaller crystal lattices were observed during aggregation formation, suggesting the restraint of anomalous crystal growth, which accelerated the densification process and increased the compressive strength. Moreover, the mass transfer process during the pressure-assisted sintering process was enhanced compared with the conventional thermal process, which was reflected by the transformation of elements from homogeneous to heterogeneous distribution. Therefore, the improved mechanical properties and leaching behavior of heavy metals were attributed to the densified microstructure, formation of new minerals, and enhanced driving force during the pressure-assisted sintering process. These findings suggest that pressure-assisted sintering is a promising method for maximizing the reutilization and minimizing the energy consumption simultaneously to dispose fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongyun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
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Duan T, Feng J, Zhou Y, Chang X, Li Y. Systematic evaluation of management measure effects on the water environment based on the DPSIR-Tapio decoupling model: A case study in the Chaohu Lake watershed, China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149528. [PMID: 34418629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Watershed management measures have been widely implemented worldwide to reduce the water quality deterioration in rivers and lakes, which continue to face increasing stresses from human activities. Due to the complexity of influential factors within watersheds, systematic and reliable approaches are urgently needed to evaluate the effects of watershed managerial practices on scientific applications. In this study, the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model integrated by Tapio decoupling analysis was established using 30 quantitative indicators to systematically evaluate their effects on overall watershed water environmental health of Chaohu Lake watershed, China, which was under intensive management practices during 2000-2019. The DPSIR model outcomes revealed that the driving force subsystem with 7 indictors accounted for 34.2% of the watershed water environmental health, in which gross domestic product (GDP), gross industrial output value, crop planting and urbanization contributed a larger proportion. Management measure implementation positively improved the watershed water environmental health, with the second largest proportion being 23.4%. During the study period, a trend of simultaneous improvement in the water quality of the rivers and lakes existed. The Tapio decoupling analysis indicated that watershed water quality was weakly decoupled with socioeconomic development and related pressures, and management responses. The response strategy is the main force in alleviating the pressure from socioeconomic development on the watershed water quality. Overall, the method proposed in this study would improve the understanding of watershed management practice effects and provide guidance for future management measure applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiashen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
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20
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He Y, Tang C, Wang Z. Spatial patterns and influencing factors of sewage treatment plants in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 792:148430. [PMID: 34153766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years the discharge of waste and sewage in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GHMB) of China has increased, exerting a great amount of pressure on ecological protection. In this study, we focus on achieving a balanced spatial layout of sewage treatment plants in order to reveal the regional differences and spatial patterns of sewage treatment plants in the GHMB and identify the key factors influencing the spatial patterns. In particular, we employ POI (point of interest) geographical data to evaluate the spatial patterns and agglomeration status of sewage treatment plants in the GHMB using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA). We then explore the principle influencing factors of the determined spatial patterns using the geographical weighted regression model (GWR). Results demonstrate that: (1) the absolute number of sewage treatment plants is highest in the central and western regions, while the per capita of sewage treatment plants is clearly clustered in the northwest and southwest regions; (2) the absolute number of sewage treatment plants exhibits larger spatial dissimilarity than that of the per capita values, with High-High cluster types principally distributed in the conjunction areas of Jiangmen, Foshan and Zhaoqing in western GHMB and Low-Low clusters in the western Pearl River Delta (PRD) estuary; and (3) the key influencing factors are identified as GDP per capita, the output value of the primary and secondary industries and industrial water consumption. Regions with high regression coefficient fluctuations of the four influencing factors are centralized within the PRD estuary and adjacent regions. Policy recommendations including optimizing the sewage treatment plant layout, enhancing the service capacity potential of the existing sewage treatment plants and upgrading the industrial structure are proposed to promote a spatial equilibrium configuration of sewage treatment plants in the GHMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China; Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Changcheng Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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21
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Liu H, Huang F, Deng F, Luo Z, Zhao H, He K. Road freight emission in China: From supply chain perspective. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117511. [PMID: 34380218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freight emissions management has entered the deep-water zone. This study evaluated road freight emissions from supply chain perspective using China's 2007, 2010 and 2012 multiregional input-output table. For the first time, we quantified road freight emission based on sectors in China. Heavy industries, mining, agriculture and light industry contributed 71%,14%, 12% and 3% of total NOx emissions in 2012 from production perspective. Construction was the largest consumption sector (43%) responsible for road freight emission from consumption perspective. Upstream transport and final product transport emitted 3.04 Tg (80%) and 0.77 Tg (20%) NOx in 2012. Huge disparities of road freight emissions flows and allocation patterns were found across provinces in China in terms of resource endowments, geographical position and economic development. The road freight emission increased rapidly from 2007 to 2012, and economic growth effect outpaced emission control effect caused by emission standard upgrade and thus dominated the emission growth. The production structure and consumption pattern changes also promoted the emission growth. It is thus important to mitigate freight emissions with different strategies based on a certain sector's freight emissions features from the whole supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Feifan Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fanyuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China
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22
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Guo P, Li Q, Guo H, Li H. Quantifying the core driving force for the sustainable redevelopment of industrial heritage: implications for urban renewal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:48097-48111. [PMID: 33904128 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial heritage redevelopment (IHR) is the redevelopment and utilization of original industrial buildings. The sustainable development of IHR projects is a major challenge that the construction industry must address to establish reasonable sustainable solutions for urban development. However, the relationship between the sustainable development of IHR and its potential driving forces has not yet been elucidated. In this paper, first, 25 sustainability drivers are identified through a comprehensive literature review. Second, key environmental, economic, social, and cultural sustainability attributes are determined through structured questionnaires and interviews. Through a confirmatory factor analysis, the core degree of the sustainability driving factors is quantified. On this basis, the important role of sustainability in urban renewal is discussed. The research shows that the core driving forces of the IHR projects are the (1) development status of the construction industry, (2) repair and maintenance costs, (3) soundness of laws and regulations, (4) suitability level of the development model, and (5) utilization of construction land. Besides, IHR projects have great potential, and improving the sustainability of their development is of great significance to urban renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Guo
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Qin Li
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Haidong Guo
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 Anning West Rd, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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23
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Luo Y, Shen J, Chen A, Tao Q, Li Q, White PJ, Li T, Li B, Chen L, Li H, Gao X, Xu Q, Wang C. Loss of organic carbon in suburban soil upon urbanization of Chengdu megacity, China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 785:147209. [PMID: 33932679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is progressing rapidly. It can affect soils ecosystem services directly through land management and indirectly through changes in the socioeconomic environment, which eventually leads to an increase in emissions of greenhouse gases. Soil carbon (C) sequestration plays an important role in offsetting the anthropogenic C emissions. However, there is limited knowledge of how urbanization affects the soil C especially that in suburban. In this study, we studied changes in easily oxidizable organic C (EOC) and total organic C (TOC) of suburban soils (0-100 cm) in the rapid urbanising megacity Chengdu, China. The EOC stock and TOC stock decreased from the outer-suburb to the inner-suburb by 17.8-28.2% and 5.4-13.5%, respectively; particularly, the inner-suburb EOC decreased by 31.4-38.6% during the past 10 years. The quotient of EOC/TOC in the soil profile, reflecting the stability of soil C, declined from the outer-suburb (0.78) to the inner-suburb (0.20). Factors that influenced the EOC and TOC included the changes in economics (economic density, industrialization), farmland (cultivated area, farmland structure), urbanization (city size, population growth) and traffic flow. Among which, economic density growth was the primarily driver of the loss in TOC, explaining 31.6% of the variation in soil surface TOC and 16.0% of the variation in subsoil TOC; changes in farmland and urban expansion were the main factors contributing to the loss of subsoil EOC, with 40.4% explanatory ability. In addition, traffic flow also has contribution to the subsoil EOC loss. We concluded that the increasing soil C loss with decreasing distance from the city centre has a continuous contribution to C emission, and the C loss will persist until the suburbs are fully urbanized. The large losses of EOC and TOC caused by urbanization, and their contribution to global warming, necessitate their consideration in future appraisals of climate change and urban planning projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlin Luo
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Aifang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Philip J White
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation& Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Comprehensive Agricultural Service Centre of Datong Town, Qionglai 611542, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Information Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Yang B, Bai Z, Zhang J. Environmental impact of mining-associated carbon emissions and analysis of cleaner production strategies in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:13649-13659. [PMID: 33188521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, concern has been increasing regarding the carbon emissions generated by mining activities. China is an extremely large coal producer (3695 Mt/2015) and consumer (3698 Mt/2015), and Shanxi Province (i.e., a major coal-producing province in China) is a crucial element in China's energy conservation and emission reduction goals. In this study, the Pingshuo mining area (PMA) in Shanxi Province was chosen as a case to analyze the dynamic changes in carbon emissions based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method, and the factors influencing carbon emissions were analyzed via the IPAT equation. Carbon emission sources in opencast mines mainly included fuel and explosive use, coal mine methane escape, coal and gangue spontaneous combustion, and electricity consumption. The carbon emission of the PMA increased from 4 × 104 Mg in 1986 to 1.05 × 106 Mg in 2015, with an average annual increase of 11.64%. In the PMA, 4.71 × 106 Mg of carbon emissions from fuel consumption accounted for 41.79% of carbon emissions, and 5.26 × 106 Mg of carbon emissions from methane emissions accounted for 46.66%. Carbon emissions from explosives and electricity use were 4.1 × 105 Mg and 8.8 × 105 Mg, respectively. In this mining area, the factors influencing carbon emissions included population, GDP, and coal output. The results of this study not only provide a reference for cleaner production in mining areas but also lay a foundation for the study of global opencast coal mining carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Yang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongke Bai
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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25
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Song M, Song D, Jiang L, Zhang D, Sun Y, Chen G, Xu H, Mei W, Li Y, Luo C, Zhang G. Large-scale biogeographical patterns of antibiotic resistome in the forest soils across China. J Hazard Mater 2021; 403:123990. [PMID: 33265028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil is a reservoir of environmental resistomes. Information about their distribution, profiles, and driving forces in undisturbed environments is essential for understanding and managing modern antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in human disturbed environments. However, knowledge about the resistomes in pristine soils is limited, particularly at national scale. Here, we conducted a national-scale investigation of soil resistomes in pristine forests across China. Although the antibiotics content was low and ranged from below limit of detection (LOD) to 0.290 μg/kg, numerous detected ARGs conferring resistance to major classes of modern antibiotics were identified and indicated forest soils as a potential source of resistance traits. ARGs ranged from 6.20 × 10-7 to 2.52 × 10-3 copies/16S-rRNA and were predominated by those resisting aminoglycoside and encoding deactivation mechanisms. Low abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and its scarcely positive connections with ARGs suggest the low potential of horizontal gene transfer. The geographic patterns of ARGs and ARG-hosts in pristine forest soils were mainly driven by soil physiochemical variables and followed a distance-decay relationship. This work focusing on pristine soils can provide valuably new information for our understanding of the ARGs in human disturbed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Song
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dandan Song
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Longfei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guoen Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weiping Mei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Joint Institute for Environmental Research and Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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26
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Sauchelli Toran M, D'Haese A, Rodríguez-Roda I, Gernjak W. Fouling propensity of novel TFC membranes with different osmotic and hydraulic pressure driving forces. Water Res 2020; 175:115657. [PMID: 32151816 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of Forward Osmosis (FO) as an alternative treatment technology to current membrane processes is believed to hinge on its reported lower fouling propensity. In this study, the impacts of constant osmotic pressure and hydraulic pressure driving forces on membrane fouling were investigated using a novel approach. In each case the cake layer was modelled accounting for all concentration polarisation effects and effective driving force. Compared to the widely employed method of using a non-constant osmotic pressure difference during bench-scale fouling experiments, maintaining a constant osmotic pressure led to 50% more alginate deposited on the same membrane surface (from 13.7 to 21.7 g/m2). This was attributed to a stronger osmotic driving force at the active layer interface and enhanced fouling due to a greater reverse flux of Na+ ions. An applied hydraulic pressure of 1 bar already changed fouling cake deposition and the cake structural parameter shrunk by 224 and 83 μm for the two thin-film composite membranes tested. A detailed analysis of the model however demonstrated that it needs further development, incorporating pore size, porosity and tortuosity of the foulant cake to enable drawing reliable conclusions on the causality of cake layer compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sauchelli Toran
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Arnout D'Haese
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, E17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Zhang TT, Han HL, Wu HS. The effect of group-substitution on the sensitization properties of alkynylrhenium(I) tricarbonyl diimine complexes adsorbed to TiO 2(101) film surface: a theoretical study. J Mol Model 2020; 26:34. [PMID: 31982972 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of dyes are designed by adding the different electron-donating (-CH3, -NH2, -OH) and electron-withdrawing groups (-Br, -Cl, -NO2) to the different ancillary ligands in the alkynylrhenium(I) tricarbonyl diimine complexes [Re(CO)3(N^N){C≡C-C6H4-CH=C(CN)(COOH)}], where N^N = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)(1) and then investigated the sensitization properties of dyes linked to the TiO2(101) surface. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) were used to study the electronic structure, frontier molecular orbitals, and absorption spectral properties. The effect of group-substitution on sensitization properties is obvious. When the dye molecules are combined with TiO2(101) surface, not only the absorptions of some sensitizers containing -CH3 or -OH groups have red shift but also the electrons can be directly injected into the TiO2 conduction band from the dye molecules compared with the parent molecular 1. The results indicate that the designed dyes containing electron-donating groups have smaller energy gaps, better light-harvesting efficiency, sufficient driving force, and higher charge transfer efficiency as appropriate dye sensitizers. We hope it can provide valuable hints so that we can design more efficient dye sensitizers in DSSCs.
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28
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Van Hecke W, Bockrath R, De Wever H. Effects of moderately elevated pressure on gas fermentation processes. Bioresour Technol 2019; 293:122129. [PMID: 31558339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology has a potential to tackle harmful CO2 emissions and turn CO2 into a valuable commodity. However, a major technical obstacle in gas fermentations is the limited gas mass transfer rate. Increasing system pressure is a way to increase the driving force for mass transfer. This review presents critical aspects of gas fermentation at elevated pressure, with a specific focus on results obtained at 5-10 bar. While a solid foundation for high pressure fermentations has already been laid in the past, mainly to enhance oxygen transfer rates, it can be concluded that fermentations at moderately elevated pressures using gases such as CO2, CH4, CO, H2, O2 are still underexplored. Microbial growth rates and product formation can be improved at higher pressures, but in general, titers and productivities need to be increased to allow a further industrialization. Hence, more systematic investigations and techno-economic assessments are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Van Hecke
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Heleen De Wever
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium.
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29
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Gao B, Huang W, Wang L, Huang Y, Ding S, Cui S. Driving forces of nitrogen flows and nitrogen use efficiency of food systems in seven Chinese cities, 1990 to 2015. Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:144-154. [PMID: 31035083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of population growth (PG), dietary changes (DC), native rural-to-urban migration (NM), migration from regions distant from the cities (M), and agricultural patterns and practices (AP) on N use in food systems and the food trade, and on apparent and virtual nitrogen (N) and N use efficiencies (NUE), at the city scale, are not well understood. Here we selected seven Chinese cities as the study subjects, analyzed the food trade effects on apparent and virtual N inputs and NUE, and quantified the relative magnitudes of these factors on N inputs to cities' food systems during 1990-2015, by designing several scenarios. Our results show that food-sink cities are relying more and more on external food and feed, but in 2015 they transferred 33.8-74.9% of their N input for food or feed productions to areas outside their boundaries, and the food trade showed different effects on the virtual N cost of food N consumption. Apparent NUEs of food systems were 33.1-74.9% higher than those calculated from virtual N costs in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Lanzhou and Xiamen in 2015. But in cities that export large amounts of food and feed-for example, Chongqing and Changchun-apparent NUE was underestimated by 4.0-46.4% relative to virtual NUE. Native PG, DC, NM, M, and AP accounted for 1.2-14.1%, -6.6-30.0%, 0.6-8.2%, -7.7-131.0%, and -43.8-12.8%, respectively, of the increase in virtual N inputs associated with cities' food systems in 2015, compared to 1990. Our study concludes that M, DC, and AP changes should be considered for mitigating N input in these Chinese cities, and virtual N exports induced by the food trade should also be included if the city is a net food exporter. Selective food trade could help improve the NUE of cities' food systems, and virtual NUE should be used as an indicator, rather than apparent NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- School of Biotechnology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shengping Ding
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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30
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Zhao S, Liu S, Hou X, Beazley R, Sun Y. Identifying the contributions of multiple driving forces to PM 10-2.5 pollution in urban areas in China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 663:361-368. [PMID: 30716626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Economic development and urban expansion have accelerated particulate matter pollution in urban areas in China. Particulate matter-driven haze poses a serious threat to human beings from a public health point of view. Substantial evidences had linked adverse health effects with exposures to PM2.5, but recent research indicated that PM10-2.5 also had great risk. However, the relative contributions of driving forces to PM10-2.5 pollution are not well understood in the urban areas in China, and no targeted policies have been regulated to control the pollution. In this study, we quantified the contributions of potential driving factor across China with the structural equation model (SEM). Our results showed that in 2015 and 2016, the annual average concentrations of PM10-2.5 in the 290 prefecture-level cities with a mean value of 36 and 35 μg/m3, respectively. Industrial scale contributed more to PM10-2.5 pollution than city size and residents' activities in urban areas based on SEM results. Driving forces included in our model could explain 42% of variations in PM10-2.5 pollution, which indicated that there existed influences from other anthropogenic sources and natural sources. Eleven targeted recommendations were then proposed to control PM10-2.5 pollution based on our mechanism analysis. Findings from our study are beneficial to control PM10-2.5 pollution on a national scale, and also can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of PM10-2.5 pollution control policy in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Hou
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Robert Beazley
- Department of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fernow Hall 302, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yongxiu Sun
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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DeJonckere PH, Lebacq J. In Vivo Quantification of the Intraglottal Pressure: Modal Phonation and Voice Onset. J Voice 2019; 34:645.e19-645.e39. [PMID: 30658875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intraglottal pressure is the driving force of vocal fold vibration. Its time course during the open phase of the vibratory cycle is essential in the mechanics of phonation, but measuring it directly is difficult and may hinder spontaneous voicing. However, it can be computed from the in vivo measured transglottal flow and glottal area (hence the air particle velocity) on the basis of the Bernoulli energy law and the interaction with the inertance of the vocal tract. As to sustained modal phonation, calculations are presented for the two possible shapes of glottal duct: convergent and divergent, including absolute calibration in order to obtain quantitative physical values. Whatever the glottal duct configuration, the calculations based on measured values of glottal area and air flow show that the integrated intraglottal pressure during the opening phase systematically exceeds that during the closing phase, which is the basic condition for sustaining vocal fold oscillation. The key point is that the airflow curve is skewed to the right relative to the glottal area curve. The skewing results from air compressibility and vocal tract inertance. The intraglottal pressure becomes negative during the closing phase. As to the soft (or physiological) voice onset, a similar approach shows that the integrated pressure differences (opening phase - closing phase) actually increase as the onset progresses, and this applies to the results based on Bernoulli's energy law as well as to those based on the interaction with the inertance of the vocal tract. Furthermore and similarly, the phase lead of the pressure wave with respect to the glottal opening progressively increases. The underlying explanation lies in the progressively increasing skewing of the airflow curve to the right with respect to the glottal area curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe H DeJonckere
- Federal Agency for Occupational Risks, Brussels and Department of Neurosciences KULeuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jean Lebacq
- Neurosciences Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Lin-Hua T. [Science and technology-led technical innovation provides a driving force to accelerate the progress of malaria elimination]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2018; 30:361-363. [PMID: 30350495 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2018227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the malaria elimination program was launched, a series of scientific research programs have been conducted in Jiangsu Province, including epidemiology, pathogenic biology and vector biology, and some novel techniques and approaches have been established, which provides a strong safeguard for malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province and achieves the effective interruption of local malaria transmission. In addition, these tools provide new insights into and technical support for the national and global malaria elimination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Lin-Hua
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
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Zhang CL, Li Q, Shen YP, Zhou N, Wang XS, Li J, Jia WR. Monitoring of aeolian desertification on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the 1970s to 2015 using Landsat images. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:1648-1659. [PMID: 29061294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aeolian desertification, one of the most serious environmental issues, has hampered socioeconomic development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, research on aeolian desertification in this region has been limited. To develop a set of science-based preventive measures to mitigate desertification in this region, it is first necessary to clarify the status, evolution, and driving factors of aeolian desertification. In this study, based on extensive field investigations and a current classification system for aeolian desertification, we established a new system for interpreting aeolian desertified land (ADL) on the plateau using Landsat images from 1977, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 and obtained the distribution of ADL through visual interpretation of the images. The results showed that ADL covered 392,914km2 (15.1% of the study area) in 2015, including gravel ADL, sandy ADL, and aeolian monadnocks. Controlled by climate, landforms, the type of Quaternary deposit, and human activities, ADL is scattered throughout the plateau but is concentrated mostly in the western and northern parts. Aeolian desertification on the plateau expanded from 1977 to 2000 and then began to reverse. The evolution during the study period is the result of the combined effects of natural and human factors. Irrational human activities were the dominant factor responsible for the expansion of ADL prior to 2000, whereas the subsequent reversal was mainly caused by climate change combined with large ecological restoration projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qing Li
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information Application, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Xi Street 94, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050011, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wen-Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China
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Huang L, Chen Z, Wen Q, Zhao L, Lee DJ, Yang L, Wang Y. Insights into Feast-Famine polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-producer selection: Microbial community succession, relationships with system function and underlying driving forces. Water Res 2018; 131:167-176. [PMID: 29281810 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Feast-Famine (FF) process has been frequently used to select polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-accumulating mixed cultures (MCs), but there has been little insight into the ecophysiology of the microbial community during the selection process. In three FF systems with well-defined conditions, synchronized variations in higher-order properties of MCs and complicate microbial community succession mainly including enrichment and elimination of non-top competitors and unexpected turnover of top competitors, were observed. Quantification of PHA-accumulating function genes (phaC) revealed that the top competitors maintained the PHA synthesis by playing consecutive roles when the highly dynamic turnover occurred. Due to its specific physiological characteristics during the PHA-accumulating process, Thauera strain OTU 7 was found to be responsible for the fluctuating SVI, which threatened the robustness of the FF system. This trait was also responsible for its later competitive exclusion by the other PHA-producer, Paracoccus strain OTU 1. Deterministic processes dominated the entire FF system, resulting in the inevitable microbial community succession in the acclimation phase and maintenance of the stable PHA-accumulating function in the maturation phase. However, neutral processes, likely caused by predation from bacterial phages, also occurred, which led to the unpredictable temporal dynamics of the top competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Lizhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Lian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Ku JT, Lan EI. A balanced ATP driving force module for enhancing photosynthetic biosynthesis of 3-hydroxybutyrate from CO 2. Metab Eng 2018; 46:35-42. [PMID: 29462662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using engineered photoautotrophic microorganisms for the direct chemical synthesis from CO2 is an attractive direction for both sustainability and CO2 mitigation. However, the behaviors of non-native metabolic pathways may be difficult to control due to the different intracellular contexts between natural and heterologous hosts. While most metabolic engineering efforts focus on strengthening driving forces in pathway design to favor biochemical production in these organisms, excessive driving force may be detrimental to product biosynthesis due to imbalanced cellular intermediate distribution. In this study, an ATP-hydrolysis based driving force module was engineered into cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to produce 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), a valuable chemical feedstock for the synthesis of biodegradable plastics and antibiotics. However, while the ATP driving force module is effective for increasing product formation, uncontrolled accumulation of intermediate metabolites likely led to metabolic imbalance and thus to cell growth inhibition. Therefore, the ATP driving force module was reengineered by providing a reversible outlet for excessive carbon flux. Upon expression of this balanced ATP driving force module with 3HB biosynthesis, engineered strain produced 3HB with a cumulative titer of 1.2 g/L, a significant increase over the initial strain. This result highlighted the importance of pathway reversibility as an effective design strategy for balancing driving force and intermediate accumulation, thereby achieving a self-regulated control for increased net flux towards product biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Ku
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Lan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Genome-scale single-cell biology has recently emerged as a powerful technology with important implications for both basic and medical research. There are urgent needs for the development of computational methods or analytic pipelines to facilitate large amounts of single-cell RNA-Seq data analysis. Here, we present a detailed protocol for SINCERA (SINgle CEll RNA-Seq profiling Analysis), a generally applicable analytic pipeline for processing single-cell data from a whole organ or sorted cells. The pipeline supports the analysis for the identification of major cell types, cell type-specific gene signatures, and driving forces of given cell types. In this chapter, we provide step-by-step instructions for the functions and features of SINCERA together with application examples to provide a practical guide for the research community. SINCERA is implemented in R, licensed under the GNU General Public License v3, and freely available from CCHMC PBGE website, https://research.cchmc.org/pbge/sincera.html .
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhe Guo
- The Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- The Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Gao B, Huang Y, Huang W, Shi Y, Bai X, Cui S. Driving forces and impacts of food system nitrogen flows in China, 1990 to 2012. Sci Total Environ 2018; 610-611:430-441. [PMID: 28810152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Food nitrogen (N), which includes animal-food (AN) and plant-food N (PN), has been driven by population growth (PG), dietary changes associated with income growth (DC) and rural-urban migration (M) over the past three decades, and these changes combined with their N cost, have caused some effect on N use in China's food system. Although there is an increasing literature on food N and its environmental impacts in China, the relative magnitude of these driving forces are not well understood. Here we first quantify the differences in per capita AN and PN consumption in urban and rural areas and their impacts on N input to the food system during 1990-2012, and then quantify the relative contributions of DC, PG and M in the overall N change during this period. Our results show that a resident registered as living in city required 0.5kg more ANyr-1 and 0.5kg less PNyr-1 than one living in a rural area, in 2012. DC, PG and M accounted for 52%, 31% and 17% of the total AN increase, respectively. These three factors caused 46% of the increased N use for food production over the past two decades. Another 54% was mainly caused by the declining in N use efficiencies of the food system. Food-sourced N loss intensity in urban and rural areas were 502 and 162kgNhm-2 in 2012, a three-fold difference due to the increasing amount and a linear rural-urban flow of N input, and inadequate N recovery via solid waste and wastewater treatment in cities. Our study highlights China is facing higher risks of environmental N pollution with urbanization, because of the high demand for AN and higher food-sourced N loss intensity in urban than in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- School of Biotechnology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yalan Shi
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Omote H, Moriyama Y. Reconstitution and Transport Analysis of Eukaryotic Transporters in the Post-Genomic Era. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1700:343-52. [PMID: 29177840 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7454-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Measuring transport activity through reconstituted proteoliposomes is a key technique to resolve numerous problems found in the traditional methods. The system includes overexpression, purification, and reconstitution of transporters. Mixing of purified transporter with lipid and dilution below the critical micelle concentration result in rapid generation of proteoliposomes. Incubation of proteoliposomes in the presence of a driving force initiates substrate uptake. After starting the reaction, samples are passed through a gel filtration column to separate proteoliposomes from the reaction mixture. Here, we describe step-by-step procedures for such reconstitution assays.
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Hsieh CP, Chiang CC, Huang CW. The mechanism of inward rectification in Kir channels: A novel kinetic model with non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach. Biophys Chem 2016; 212:1-8. [PMID: 26945551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the strong inward rectification in inward rectifier K(+) (Kir) channels are controversial because the drop in electrical potential due to the movement of the blocker and coupling ions is insufficient to explain the steep voltage-dependent block near the equilibrium potential. Here, we study the "driving force"-dependent block in Kir channels with a novel approach incorporating concepts from the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of small systems, and computer kinetic simulations based on the experimental data of internal Ba(2+) block on Kir2.1 channels. The steep exponential increase in the apparent binding rate near the equilibrium potential is explained, when the encounter frequency is construed as the likelihood of transfer events down or against the electrochemical potential gradient. The exponent of flux ratio, nf=2.62, implies that the blockage of the internal blocker may be coupled with the outward transport of 2 to 3K(+) ions. The flux-coupled block in the single-file multi-ion pore can be demonstrated by the concentration gradient alone, as well as when the driving force is the electrochemical potential difference across the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Pan Hsieh
- Department of Medical Education, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Nan-Ya S. Rd., Ban-Chiao, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Nan-Ya S. Rd., Ban-Chiao, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chin Chiang
- Department of Medical Education, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Nan-Ya S. Rd., Ban-Chiao, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.1, Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Tsuji M. A ligand-entry surface of the nuclear receptor superfamily consists of the helix H3 of the ligand-binding domain. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 62:262-275. [PMID: 26544573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We successfully simulated receptor-ligand complex holo-form formation using the human retinoid X receptor-α ligand-binding domain (LBD) and its natural ligand, 9-cis retinoic acid. The success of this simulation was strongly dependent on the findings for an initial structure between the apo-LBD and the ligand as well as the discovery of the driving forces underlying the ligand-trapping and subsequent ligand-induction processes. Here, we would like to propose the "helix H3 three-point initial-binding hypothesis," which was instrumental in simulating the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. Using this hypothesis, we also succeeded in simulating holo-form formation of the human retinoic acid receptor-γ LBD and its natural ligand, all-trans retinoic acid. It is hoped that this hypothesis will facilitate novel understanding of both the ligand-trapping mechanism and the simultaneous C-terminal folding process in NR LBDs, as well as provide a new approach to drug design using a structure-based perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonori Tsuji
- Institute of Molecular Function, 2-105-14 Takasu, Misato-shi, Saitama 341-0037, Japan.
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Zhang Q, Sun J, Liu J, Huang G, Lu C, Zhang Y. Driving mechanism and sources of groundwater nitrate contamination in the rapidly urbanized region of south China. J Contam Hydrol 2015; 182:221-230. [PMID: 26440579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination of groundwater has become an environmental problem of widespread concern in China. We collected 899 groundwater samples from a rapidly urbanized area, in order to identify the main sources and driving mechanisms of groundwater nitrate contamination. The results showed that the land use has a significant effect on groundwater nitrate concentration (P<0.001). Landfill leakage was an important source of nitrate in groundwater in the PRD (Pearl River Delta) region, since landfill yielded the highest nitrate concentration (38.14 mg/L) and the highest ratio of exceeded standard (42.50%). In this study, the driving mechanism of groundwater nitrate contamination was determined to be urban construction and the secondary and tertiary industrial development, and population growth. This study revealed that domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater were the main sources of groundwater nitrate pollution. Therefore, the priority method for relieving groundwater nitrate contamination is to control the random discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater in regions undergoing rapid urbanization. Capsule abstract. The main driving mechanism of groundwater nitrate contamination was determined to be urban construction and the secondary and tertiary industrial development, and population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China.
| | - Jichao Sun
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Jingtao Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Guanxing Huang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Chuan Lu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
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Gao Z, Lin Z, Yang Y, Ma W, Liao W, Li J, Cao Y, Roelcke M. Greenhouse gas emissions from the enteric fermentation and manure storage of dairy and beef cattle in China during 1961-2010. Environ Res 2014; 135:111-9. [PMID: 25262083 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the expanding dairy and beef population in China and their contribution to global CH4 and N2O budgets, a framework considering changes in feed, manure management and herd structure was established to indicate the trends of CH4 and N2O emissions from the enteric formation and manure storage in China׳s beef and dairy production and the underlying driving forces during the period 1961-2010. From 1961 to 2010, annual CH4 and N2O emissions from beef cattle in China increased from 2.18Mt to 5.86Mt and from 7.93kt-29.56kt, respectively, while those from dairy cattle increased from 0.023 to 1.09Mt and 0.12 to 7.90kt, respectively. These increases were attributed to the combined changes in cattle population and management practices in feeds and manure storage. Improvement in cattle genetics during the period increased the bodyweight, required dry matter intake and gross energy and thus resulted in increased enteric CH4 EFs for each category of beef and dairy cattle as well as the overall enteric EFs (i.e., Tier 1 in IPCC). However, for beef cattle, such an impact on the overall enteric EFs was largely offset by the herd structure transition from draft animal-oriented to meat animal-oriented during 1961-2010. Although the CO2-eq of CH4 and N2O from manure storage was less than the enteric emissions during 1961-2010 in China, it tended to increase both in beef and dairy cattle, which was mainly driven by the changes in manure management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Marco Roelcke
- Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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