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Cirovic A, Satarug S. Toxicity Tolerance in the Carcinogenesis of Environmental Cadmium. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1851. [PMID: 38339129 PMCID: PMC10855822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant of worldwide public health significance. Diet is the main non-workplace Cd exposure source other than passive and active smoking. The intestinal absorption of Cd involves transporters for essential metals, notably iron and zinc. These transporters determine the Cd body burden because only a minuscule amount of Cd can be excreted each day. The International Agency for Research on Cancer listed Cd as a human lung carcinogen, but the current evidence suggests that the effects of Cd on cancer risk extend beyond the lung. A two-year bioassay demonstrated that Cd caused neoplasms in multiple tissues of mice. Also, several non-tumorigenic human cells transformed to malignant cells when they were exposed to a sublethal dose of Cd for a prolonged time. Cd does not directly damage DNA, but it influences gene expression through interactions with essential metals and various proteins. The present review highlights the epidemiological studies that connect an enhanced risk of various neoplastic diseases to chronic exposure to environmental Cd. Special emphasis is given to the impact of body iron stores on the absorption of Cd, and its implications for breast cancer prevention in highly susceptible groups of women. Resistance to cell death and other cancer phenotypes acquired during Cd-induced cancer cell transformation, under in vitro conditions, are briefly discussed. The potential role for the ZnT1 efflux transporter in the cellular acquisition of tolerance to Cd cytotoxicity is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Cirovic
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Soisungwan Satarug
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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2
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Djulejic V, Petrovic B, Jevtic J, Vujacic M, Clarke BL, Cirovic A, Cirovic A. The role of cadmium in the pathogenesis of myeloid leukemia in individuals with anemia, deficiencies in vitamin D, zinc, and low calcium dietary intake. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127263. [PMID: 37499549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency, vitamin D deficiency and low calcium diet are frequent health problems with severe long- term consequences. Upon absorption from the duodenum, cadmium binds to transferrin, and cells with the highest density of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) take up the majority of the circulating cadmium. Nowadays, it is clear that individuals with iron deficiency anemia have increased blood levels of cadmium because of higher absorption rate, mediated by divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). However, the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 6 (TRPV6), known as a calcium carrier, is able to bind and transport cadmium as well. In the case of low calcium diet or vitamin D deficiency, TRPV6 may be overexpressed in the intestine and kidney tubules and absorbs (re-uptake in the case of renal tubules) cadmium in larger quantities, resulting in an increased cadmium blood levels. We speculate that the final event in the case of low calcium dietary diet and/or vitamin D deficiency is similar to what is observed in the case of iron deficiency, that cells with the highest levels of TfR1 (for example, megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors and pro-erythroblasts) take up most of the circulating cadmium, which is powerful malignancy inductor, leading to appearance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Djulejic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Petrovic
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", Mihaila Avramovića 28, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Jevtic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Vujacic
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", Mihaila Avramovića 28, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bart L Clarke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ana Cirovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Cirovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Xu J, Zheng L, Tan M, Wu H, Yan S, Jiang D. The susceptibility of Hyphantria cunea larvae to microbial pesticides Bacillus thuringiensis and Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus under Cd stress. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105383. [PMID: 36963948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is an abiotic factor that can affect the efficiency of pest control. In this study, two microbial pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis and Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MbNPV), were used to treat Hyphantria cunea larvae with Cd pre-exposure, and the humoral and cellular immunity of H. cunea larvae with Cd exposure were evaluated. The results showed that Cd exposure increased the susceptibility of H. cunea larvae to microbial pesticides B. thuringiensis and MbNPV, and the lethal effect of Cd exposure and microbial pesticides on H. cunea larvae was synergistic. Cd exposure significantly decreased the expression of pathogen recognition genes (GNBP1 and GNBP3), signal transduction genes (Relish, Myd88, Tube, and Imd), and antimicrobial peptide gene (Lebocin) in the humoral immunity of H. cunea larvae compared with the untreated larvae. Parameters of cellular immunity, including the number of hemocytes, phagocytic activity, melanization activity, encapsulation activity, and the expression of three phagocytic regulatory genes (HEM1, GALE1, GALE2), were also found to decrease significantly in Cd-treated larvae. TOPSIS analysis showed that humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and total immunity levels of H. cunea larvae with Cd exposure were weaker than those in untreated larvae. Correlation analysis showed that the mortality of two microbial pesticides investigated in H. cunea larvae was negatively correlated with the humoral and cellular immunity of larvae. Taken togther, Cd exposure results in immunotoxic effects on H. cunea larvae and the use of microbial pesticides are an effective strategy for pest control in heavy metal-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Xu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Hemmaphan S, Bordeerat NK. Reduced DNA Glycosylases Expression and Oxidative DNA Damage Induced by Lead. Toxicol Int 2022. [DOI: 10.18311/ti/2022/v29i3/29322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) continues to be a significant worldwide problem. Pb is a highly toxic heavy metal affecting several organ systems in the body. There has been reported to have potential genotoxic properties to various cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of lead-induced toxicity are still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the lead-induced cytotoxicity in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and its underlying DNA damage mechanisms. Lead exposure caused DNA damage as demonstrated by increased 8-OHdG/dG ratio in cells even at a relatively normal dose (10μg/dL). Lead also led to producing oxidative stress as characterized by increased intensity of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) indicator. ROS overproduction should be the reason for lead-induced DNA damage. Therefore, the effects of Lead on ROS elimination should be the main reason for lead-induced oxidative stress in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. After lead acetate (PbAc) treatment, the cell viability significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and the accumulation of cellular ROS was observed. 8-OHdG levels, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, were significantly increased by both acute and chronic Pb exposure. Interestingly, the mRNA expression of the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) significantly decreased after acute and chronic exposure. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence to demonstrate that acute and chronic Pb exposure results in the altered expression of DNA glycosylases genes indicating the impairment of DNA repair pathways and contributing to DNA damage. These findings should be useful for the more comprehensive assessment of the toxic effects of Pb.
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Kateryna T, Monika L, Beata J, Joanna R, Edyta R, Marcin B, Agnieszka KW, Ewa J. Cadmium and breast cancer – current state and research gaps in the underlying mechanisms. Toxicol Lett 2022; 361:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23088. [PMID: 34845239 PMCID: PMC8630221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular studies suggest that cadmium due to its estrogenic properties, might play a role in breast cancer (BC) progression. However epidemiological evidence is limited. This study explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. A nested case-control study of 4401 cases and 4401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric demonstrated to reliably characterize long-term environmental exposures was employed to evaluate airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. There was no relationship between cadmium exposure and stage of BC. Also, no association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC was observed. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC [ORQ5 vs Q1 = 3.4 (95% CI 1.1-10.7)]. The restricted cubic spline assessment suggested a dose-response relationship between cadmium and ITC BC subtype. Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may play a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC.
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Iron deficiency as promoter of heavy metals-induced acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2021; 112:106755. [PMID: 34844140 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) have many adverse effects on human health. Also, iron deficiency anemia and anemia in general are linked with an increased risk of various cancers, particularly blood cancers. It is known that subjects with IDA as well as smokers have elevated blood levels of toxic divalent cations, particularly cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+). Cadmium is a proven carcinogen. Most of the circulating cadmium is bound to transferrin and apart from the target organs of cadmium accumulation, kidney and liver, tissues (cells) which highly express transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) may also accumulate high levels of circulating cadmium. Density of TfR1, glycoprotein that is expressed on cell surface, is not uniform in bone marrow cells. Namely, megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors and pro-erythroblasts express TfR1 incomparably more than other cell lines within the bone marrow and we hypothesize that the mentioned cell lines will uptake most of the circulating cadmium and lead, and will consequently be most suitable for malignant transformation. In this review, we discuss in detail the mechanisms involved in accumulation of cadmium in particular cell lines of the bone marrow and the consequent occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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Muruzabal D, Sanz-Serrano J, Sauvaigo S, Treillard B, Olsen AK, López de Cerain A, Vettorazzi A, Azqueta A. Validation of the in vitro comet assay for DNA cross-links and altered bases detection. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2825-2838. [PMID: 34196753 PMCID: PMC8298235 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic toxicology is gaining weight for human health risk assessment. Different mechanistic assays are available, such as the comet assay, which detects DNA damage at the level of individual cells. However, the conventional alkaline version only detects strand breaks and alkali-labile sites. We have validated two modifications of the in vitro assay to generate mechanistic information: (1) use of DNA-repair enzymes (i.e., formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, endonuclease III, human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase I and human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase) for detection of oxidized and alkylated bases as well as (2) a modification for detecting cross-links. Seven genotoxicants with different mechanisms of action (potassium bromate, methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, hydrogen peroxide, cisplatin, mitomycin C, and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide), as well as a non-genotoxic compound (dimethyl sulfoxide) and a cytotoxic compound (Triton X-100) were tested on TK-6 cells. We were able to detect with high sensitivity and clearly differentiate oxidizing, alkylating and cross-linking agents. These modifications of the comet assay significantly increase its sensitivity and its specificity towards DNA lesions, providing mechanistic information regarding the type of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Muruzabal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sylvie Sauvaigo
- LXRepair, Biopolis, 5 Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Section of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Muruzabal D, Sanz-Serrano J, Sauvaigo S, Gützkow KB, López de Cerain A, Vettorazzi A, Azqueta A. Novel approach for the detection of alkylated bases using the enzyme-modified comet assay. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:108-117. [PMID: 32380118 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme-modified comet assay is widely used for the detection of oxidized DNA lesions. Here we describe for the first time the use of the human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (hAAG) for the detection of alkylated bases. hAAG was titrated using untreated and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-treated TK-6 cells. The hAAG-modified comet assay was compared to the formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-modified comet assay, widely used to detect oxidized lesions but that also detects ring-opened purines derived from some alkylated lesions, using cells treated with potassium bromate (oxidizing agent) or MMS. Moreover, neutral and alkaline lysis conditions were used to determine the nature of detected lesions. When alkaline lysis was employed (condition normally used), the level of hAAG-sensitive sites was higher than the Fpg-sensitive sites in MMS-treated cells and hAAG, unlike Fpg, did not detect oxidized bases. After neutral lysis, Fpg did not detect MMS-induced lesions; however, results obtained with hAAG remained unchanged. As expected, Fpg detected oxidized purines and imidazole ring-opened purines, derived from N7-methylguanines under alkaline conditions. It seems that hAAG detected N7-methylguanines, the ring-opened purines derived at high pH, and 3-methlyladenines. Specificity of hAAG towards different DNA lesions was evaluated using a multiplex oligonucleotide-cleavage assay, confirming the ability of hAAG to detect ethenoadenines and hypoxanthine. The hAAG-modified comet assay is a new tool for the detection of alkylated bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Muruzabal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sylvie Sauvaigo
- LXRepair, Biopolis, 5 avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Kristine B Gützkow
- Section of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain.
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10
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Cell organelles as targets of mammalian cadmium toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1017-1049. [PMID: 32206829 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever increasing environmental presence of cadmium as a consequence of industrial activities is considered a health hazard and is closely linked to deteriorating global health status. General animal and human cadmium exposure ranges from ingestion of foodstuffs sourced from heavily polluted hotspots and cigarette smoke to widespread contamination of air and water, including cadmium-containing microplastics found in household water. Cadmium is promiscuous in its effects and exerts numerous cellular perturbations based on direct interactions with macromolecules and its capacity to mimic or displace essential physiological ions, such as iron and zinc. Cell organelles use lipid membranes to form complex tightly-regulated, compartmentalized networks with specialized functions, which are fundamental to life. Interorganellar communication is crucial for orchestrating correct cell behavior, such as adaptive stress responses, and can be mediated by the release of signaling molecules, exchange of organelle contents, mechanical force generated through organelle shape changes or direct membrane contact sites. In this review, cadmium effects on organellar structure and function will be critically discussed with particular consideration to disruption of organelle physiology in vertebrates.
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Amadou A, Praud D, Coudon T, Danjou AMN, Faure E, Leffondré K, Le Romancer M, Severi G, Salizzoni P, Mancini FR, Fervers B. Chronic long-term exposure to cadmium air pollution and breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:341-351. [PMID: 30851122 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium, due to its estrogen-like activity, has been suspected to increase the risk of breast cancer; however, epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a case-control study (4,059 cases and 4,059 matched controls) nested within the E3N French cohort study to estimate the risk of breast cancer associated with long-term exposure to airborne cadmium pollution, and its effect according to molecular subtype of breast cancer (estrogen receptor negative/positive [ER-/ER+] and progesterone receptor negative/positive [PR-/PR+]). Atmospheric exposure to cadmium was assessed using a Geographic Information System-based metric, which included subject's residence-to-cadmium source distance, wind direction, exposure duration and stack height. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Overall, there was no significant association between cumulative dose of airborne cadmium exposure and the risk of overall, premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. However, by ER and PR status, inverse associations were observed for ER- (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41-0.95, ptrend = 0.043) and for ER-/PR- breast tumors (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.40-0.95, ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.42-1.07, ptrend = 0.088). Our study provides no evidence of an association between exposure to cadmium and risk of breast cancer overall but suggests that cadmium might be related to a decreased risk of ER- and ER-/PR- breast tumors. These observations and other possible effects linked to hormone receptor status warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Amadou
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UA 08 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Praud
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Coudon
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France
| | - Aurélie M N Danjou
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Faure
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Leffondré
- Université de Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pietro Salizzoni
- Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecully, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UA 08 Radiations: Défense, Santé, Environnement, 69008 Lyon, France
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Lacave JM, Bilbao E, Gilliland D, Mura F, Dini L, Cajaraville MP, Orbea A. Bioaccumulation, cellular and molecular effects in adult zebrafish after exposure to cadmium sulphide nanoparticles and to ionic cadmium. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124588. [PMID: 31545210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few works have addressed the effects provoked by the exposure to cadmium containing nanoparticles (NPs) on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). We studied the effects of CdS NPs (5 nm) or ionic cadmium (10 μg Cd/L) after 3 and 21 d of exposure and at 6 months post-exposure (mpe). Acute toxicity was recorded after exposure to both forms of cadmium. Significant cadmium accumulation was measured in the whole fish after both treatments and autometallography showed a higher accumulation of metal in the intestine than that in the liver. Histopathological alterations, such as inflammation in gills and vacuolization in the liver, were detected after the exposure to both cadmium forms and, in a lower extent, at 6 mpe. X-ray analysis proved the presence of CdS NPs in these organs. The hepatic transcriptome analysis revealed that gene ontology terms such as "immune response" or "actin binding" were over-represented after 21 d of exposure to ionic cadmium respect to CdS NPs treatment. Exposure to CdS NPs caused a significant effect on pathways involved in the immune response and oxidative stress, while the exposure to ionic cadmium affected significantly pathways involved in DNA damage and repair and in the energetic metabolism. Oxidative damage to liver proteins was detected after the exposure to ionic cadmium, while a stronger destabilization of the hepatocyte lysosomal membrane was recorded under exposure to CdS NPs. In summary, although ionic cadmium provoked stronger effects than CdS NPs, both cadmium forms exerted an array of lethal and sublethal effects to zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Lacave
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Douglas Gilliland
- European Commission, JRC Directorate F, Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Francesco Mura
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering and Center for Nanotechnologies Applied to Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome Via A. Scarpa 16, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A), University of Salento & CNR, Nanotec, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Amaia Orbea
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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Rawla P, Sunkara T, Gaduputi V. Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors. World J Oncol 2019; 10:10-27. [PMID: 30834048 PMCID: PMC6396775 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1244] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, its toll is higher in more developed countries. Reasons for vast differences in mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are not completely clear yet, but it may be due to lack of appropriate diagnosis, treatment and cataloging of cancer cases. Because patients seldom exhibit symptoms until an advanced stage of the disease, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms that caused 432,242 new deaths in 2018 (GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates). Globally, 458,918 new cases of pancreatic cancer have been reported in 2018, and 355,317 new cases are estimated to occur until 2040. Despite advancements in the detection and management of pancreatic cancer, the 5-year survival rate still stands at 9% only. To date, the causes of pancreatic carcinoma are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dietary factors, alcohol abuse, age, ethnicity, family history and genetic factors, Helicobacter pylori infection, non-O blood group and chronic pancreatitis. In general population, screening of large groups is not considered useful to detect the disease at its early stage, although newer techniques and the screening of tightly targeted groups (especially of those with family history), are being evaluated. Primary prevention is considered of utmost importance. Up-to-date statistics on pancreatic cancer occurrence and outcome along with a better understanding of the etiology and identifying the causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
| | - Tagore Sunkara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mercy Medical Center, Des Moines, IA 50314, USA
| | - Vinaya Gaduputi
- Division of Gastroenterology, SBH Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
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Cadmium effects on DNA and protein metabolism in oyster (Crassostrea gigas) revealed by proteomic analyses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11716. [PMID: 28916745 PMCID: PMC5601910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine molluscs, including oysters, can concentrate high levels of cadmium (Cd) in their soft tissues, but the molecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity remain speculative. In this study, Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were exposed to Cd for 9 days and their gills were subjected to proteomic analysis, which were further confirmed with transcriptomic analysis. A total of 4,964 proteins was quantified and 515 differentially expressed proteins were identified in response to Cd exposure. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that excess Cd affected the DNA and protein metabolism. Specifically, Cd toxicity resulted in the inhibition of DNA glycosylase and gap-filling and ligation enzymes expressions in base excision repair pathway, which may have decreased DNA repair capacity. At the protein level, Cd induced the heat shock protein response, initiation of protein refolding as well as degradation by ubiquitin proteasome pathway, among other effects. Excess Cd also induced antioxidant responses, particularly glutathione metabolism, which play important roles in Cd chelation and anti-oxidation. This study provided the first molecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity on DNA and protein metabolism at protein levels, and identified molecular biomarkers for Cd toxicity in oysters.
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Zhong Q, Li X, Nong Q, Mao B, Pan X. Metabolic Profiling in Association with Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Following Non-Toxic Cadmium Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091905. [PMID: 28872622 PMCID: PMC5618554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the metabolic profile of non-toxic cadmium (Cd)-induced dysfunctional endothelial cells using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs (n = 6 per group) were treated with 0, 1, 5, or 10 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 48 h. Cell phenotypes, including nitric oxide (NO) production, the inflammatory response, and oxidative stress, were evaluated in Cd-exposed and control HUVECs. Cd-exposed and control HUVECs were analysed using gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry. Compared to control HUVECs, Cd-exposed HUVECs were dysfunctional, exhibiting decreased NO production, a proinflammatory state, and non-significant oxidative stress. Further metabolic profiling revealed 24 significantly-altered metabolites in the dysfunctional endothelial cells. The significantly-altered metabolites were involved in the impaired tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, activated pyruvate metabolism, up-regulated glucogenic amino acid metabolism, and increased pyrimidine metabolism. The current metabolic findings further suggest that the metabolic changes linked to TCA cycle dysfunction, glycosylation of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), and compensatory responses to genomic instability and energy deficiency may be generally associated with dysfunctional phenotypes, characterized by decreased NO production, a proinflammatory state, and non-significant oxidative stress, in endothelial cells following non-toxic Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuan Zhong
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning 530021, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Qingjiao Nong
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Baoyu Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Medical University School of Public Health, Nanning 530021, China.
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16
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Exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials: Impact on DNA Repair Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071515. [PMID: 28703770 PMCID: PMC5536005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may have the potential to cause damage to the genetic material in living systems. The mechanistic machinery functioning at the cellular/molecular level, in the form of DNA repair processes, has evolved to help circumvent DNA damage caused by exposure to a variety of foreign substances. Recent studies have contributed to our understanding of the various DNA damage repair pathways involved in the processing of DNA damage. However, the vast array of ENMs may present a relatively new challenge to the integrity of the human genome; therefore, the potential hazard posed by some ENMs necessitates the evaluation and understanding of ENM-induced DNA damage repair pathways. This review focuses on recent studies highlighting the differential regulation of DNA repair pathways, in response to a variety of ENMs, and discusses the various factors that dictate aberrant repair processes, including intracellular signalling, spatial interactions and ENM-specific responses.
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Caldas D, Pestana IA, Almeida MG, Henry FC, Salomão MSMB, de Souza CMM. Risk of ingesting As, Cd, and Pb in animal products in north Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:508-515. [PMID: 27614986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the levels of As, Cd, and Pb in muscle and liver the cattle and chicken. The risk was estimated for the adult population of a midsized city in southeast Brazil, concerning the tolerable ingestion and cancer risk. Samples of muscle and liver (cattle and chicken) were collected (n = 250). Samples of mineral supplements for cattle (n = 4) and chicken feed samples (n = 4) were evaluated as one of many potential source of contamination. Muscle, liver, mineral supplement, and feed samples were dissolved in acid medium and analyzed by ICP-OES. Daily muscle and liver intake was estimated using a questionnaire (N = 427). Daily intake of trace elements by the population based on the consumption of cattle muscle, cattle liver, chicken muscle, and chicken liver was low, corresponding to 2.76%, 0.33%, 2.12%, and 0.22% of the Tolerable Intake defined by the WHO for As; 0.54%, 0.29% 0.55%, 0.01%, for Cd; and 0.80%, 0.07%, 0.62%, 0.02%, for Pb. The mean of total ingestion of As, Cd and Pb was 5.43%, 1.18% and 1.51%, respectively of Tolerable Intake defined by WHO. Cancer risk was lower than 5 × 10-5 year-1. The results indicate that the muscle and liver consumption is a source of As, Cd, and Pb. Consumers that ingest cattle and chicken muscle need attention in terms the risk of cancer related to intake of As and Cd. Feed and mineral supplementation remain as one of many sources of exposure of As, Cd, and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caldas
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - I A Pestana
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - M G Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - F C Henry
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - M S M B Salomão
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - C M M de Souza
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
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Reiss P, Carrière M, Lincheneau C, Vaure L, Tamang S. Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanocrystals, Focusing on Nontoxic and Earth-Abundant Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10731-819. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reiss
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CEA, INAC-SyMMES-STEP/LEMOH, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CNRS, SPrAM, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marie Carrière
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CEA, INAC-SyMMES-CIBEST/LAN, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christophe Lincheneau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CEA, INAC-SyMMES-STEP/LEMOH, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CNRS, SPrAM, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Louis Vaure
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CEA, INAC-SyMMES-STEP/LEMOH, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CNRS, SPrAM, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sudarsan Tamang
- Department
of Chemistry, Sikkim University, Sikkim 737102, India
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19
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Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Gibbons CF, Fritz JM, Portier CJ, Rusyn I, DeMarini DM, Caldwell JC, Kavlock RJ, Lambert PF, Hecht SS, Bucher JR, Stewart BW, Baan RA, Cogliano VJ, Straif K. Key Characteristics of Carcinogens as a Basis for Organizing Data on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:713-21. [PMID: 26600562 PMCID: PMC4892922 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) updated the assessments of the > 100 agents classified as Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (IARC Monographs Volume 100, parts A-F). This exercise was complicated by the absence of a broadly accepted, systematic method for evaluating mechanistic data to support conclusions regarding human hazard from exposure to carcinogens. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS IARC therefore convened two workshops in which an international Working Group of experts identified 10 key characteristics, one or more of which are commonly exhibited by established human carcinogens. DISCUSSION These characteristics provide the basis for an objective approach to identifying and organizing results from pertinent mechanistic studies. The 10 characteristics are the abilities of an agent to 1) act as an electrophile either directly or after metabolic activation; 2) be genotoxic; 3) alter DNA repair or cause genomic instability; 4) induce epigenetic alterations; 5) induce oxidative stress; 6) induce chronic inflammation; 7) be immunosuppressive; 8) modulate receptor-mediated effects; 9) cause immortalization; and 10) alter cell proliferation, cell death, or nutrient supply. CONCLUSION We describe the use of the 10 key characteristics to conduct a systematic literature search focused on relevant end points and construct a graphical representation of the identified mechanistic information. Next, we use benzene and polychlorinated biphenyls as examples to illustrate how this approach may work in practice. The approach described is similar in many respects to those currently being implemented by the U.S. EPA's Integrated Risk Information System Program and the U.S. National Toxicology Program. CITATION Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Gibbons CF, Fritz JM, Portier CJ, Rusyn I, DeMarini DM, Caldwell JC, Kavlock RJ, Lambert P, Hecht SS, Bucher JR, Stewart BW, Baan R, Cogliano VJ, Straif K. 2016. Key characteristics of carcinogens as a basis for organizing data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 124:713-721; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Catherine F. Gibbons
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason M. Fritz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David M. DeMarini
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jane C. Caldwell
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J. Kavlock
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John R. Bucher
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bernard W. Stewart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert A. Baan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent J. Cogliano
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kurt Straif
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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20
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Xie H, Wang J, Jiang L, Geng C, Li Q, Mei D, Zhao L, Cao J. ROS-dependent HMGA2 upregulation mediates Cd-induced proliferation in MRC-5 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:146-152. [PMID: 27071802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely found in a number of environmental matrices, and the exposure to Cd is increasing nowadays. In this study, the role of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in Cd-induced proliferation was investigated in MRC-5 cells. Exposure to Cd (2μM) for 48h significantly enhanced the growth of MRC-5 cells, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced both mRNA and protein expression of HMGA2. Evidence for Cd-induced reduction of the number of G0/G1 phase cells and an increase in the number of cells in S phase and G2/M phase was sought by flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analysis showed that cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and cyclin E were upregulated in Cd-treated cells. Further study revealed that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) markedly prevented Cd-induced proliferation of MRC-5 cells, ROS generation, and the increasing protein level of HMGA2. Silencing of HMGA2 gene by siRNA blocked Cd-induced cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and cyclin E expression and reduction of the number of G0/G1 phase cells. Combining, our data showed that Cd-induced ROS formation provoked HMGA2 upregulation, caused cell cycle changes, and led to cell proliferation. This suggests that HMGA2 might be an important biomarker in Cd-induced cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China; Jilin Province Research Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, No. 3145. Jing yang Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dan Mei
- Dalian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Dalian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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21
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Impact of topical application of sulfur mustard on mice skin and distant organs DNA repair enzyme signature. Toxicol Lett 2016; 241:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Antoniali G, Marcuzzi F, Casarano E, Tell G. Cadmium treatment suppresses DNA polymerase δ catalytic subunit gene expression by acting on the p53 and Sp1 regulatory axis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 35:90-105. [PMID: 26519823 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a carcinogenic and neurotoxic environmental pollutant. Among the proposed mechanisms for Cd toxic effects, its ability to promote oxidative stress and to inhibit, in vitro, the activities of some Base Excision DNA Repair (BER) enzymes, such as hOGG1, XRCC1 and APE1, have been already established. However, the molecular mechanisms at the basis of these processes are largely unknown especially at sub-lethal doses of Cd and no information is available on the effect of Cd on the expression levels of BER enzymes. Here, we show that non-toxic treatment of neuronal cell lines, with pro-mitogenic doses of Cd, promotes a significant time- and dose-dependent down-regulation of DNA polymerase δ (POLD1) expression through a transcriptional mechanism with a modest effect on Polβ, XRCC1 and APE1. We further elucidated that the observed transcriptional repression on Polδ is acted by through competition by activated p53 on Sp1 at POLD1 promoter and by a squelching effect. We further proved the positive effect of Sp1 not only on POLD1 expression but also on Polβ, XRCC1 and APE1 expression, suggesting that Sp1 has pleiotropic effects on the whole BER pathway. Our results indicated that Cd-mediated impairment of BER pathway, besides acting on the enzymatic functions of some key proteins, is also exerted at the gene expression level of Polδ by acting on the p53-Sp1 regulatory axis. These data may explain not only the Cd-induced neurotoxic effects but also the potential carcinogenicity of this heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Marcuzzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Casarano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Alaraby M, Demir E, Hernández A, Marcos R. Assessing potential harmful effects of CdSe quantum dots by using Drosophila melanogaster as in vivo model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:66-75. [PMID: 26026410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since CdSe QDs are increasingly used in medical and pharmaceutical sciences careful and systematic studies to determine their biosafety are needed. Since in vivo studies produce relevant information complementing in vitro data, we promote the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a suitable in vivo model to detect toxic and genotoxic effects associated with CdSe QD exposure. Taking into account the potential release of cadmium ions, QD effects were compared with those obtained with CdCl2. Results showed that CdSe QDs penetrate the intestinal barrier of the larvae reaching the hemolymph, interacting with hemocytes, and inducing dose/time dependent significant genotoxic effects, as determined by the comet assay. Elevated ROS production, QD biodegradation, and significant disturbance in the conserved Hsps, antioxidant and p53 genes were also observed. Overall, QD effects were milder than those induced by CdCl2 suggesting the role of Cd released ions in the observed harmful effects of Cd based QDs. To reduce the observed side-effects of Cd based QDs biocompatible coats would be required to avoid cadmium's undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaraby
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Sohag University, Faculty of Sciences, Zoology Department, 82524-Campus, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Esref Demir
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 07058-Campus, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Alba Hernández
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Valko M, Jomova K, Rhodes CJ, Kuča K, Musílek K. Redox- and non-redox-metal-induced formation of free radicals and their role in human disease. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Kim WK, Lee SK, Park JW, Choi K, Cargo J, Schlenk D, Jung J. Integration of multi-level biomarker responses to cadmium and benzo[k]fluoranthene in the pale chub (Zacco platypus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:121-128. [PMID: 25217733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Cd exposure for 14 days significantly increased both the molecular (DNA single-strand breaks) and biochemical (metallothionein concentrations) biomarkers in the freshwater pale chub, Zacco platypus, whereas changes in the histological and physiological biomarker responses were negligible. The BkF exposure for 14 days led to significant increases in the mRNA expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase enzymatic activity and DNA single-strand breakage at the molecular and biochemical levels. In addition, exposure to 50μg/L of BkF induced histological alteration in the liver, with significant changes to the liver somatic index and condition factor at the physiological level. The integration of multi-level biomarker responses at the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels was highly correlated with the concentrations of Cd and BkF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Keun Kim
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Lee
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jordan Cargo
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea.
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Rani A, Kumar A, Lal A, Pant M. Cellular mechanisms of cadmium-induced toxicity: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 24:378-99. [PMID: 24117228 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.835032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a widespread toxic pollutant of occupational and environmental concern because of its diverse toxic effects: extremely protracted biological half-life (approximately 20-30 years in humans), low rate of excretion from the body and storage predominantly in soft tissues (primarily, liver and kidneys). It is an extremely toxic element of continuing concern because environmental levels have risen steadily due to continued worldwide anthropogenic mobilization. Cadmium is absorbed in significant quantities from cigarette smoke, food, water and air contamination and is known to have numerous undesirable effects in both humans and animals. Cadmium has a diversity of toxic effects including nephrotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and endocrine and reproductive toxicities. At the cellular level, cadmium affects cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular activities. Current evidence suggests that exposure to cadmium induces genomic instability through complex and multifactorial mechanisms. Most important seems to be cadmium interaction with DNA repair mechanism, generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis. In this article, we have reviewed recent developments and findings on cadmium toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Rani
- a Department of Biotechnology , Graphic Era University , Dehradun , India
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27
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Ravanat JL, Breton J, Douki T, Gasparutto D, Grand A, Rachidi W, Sauvaigo S. Radiation-mediated formation of complex damage to DNA: a chemical aspect overview. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130715. [PMID: 24472775 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last three decades, a considerable amount of work has been undertaken to determine the nature, the mechanism of formation and the biological consequences of radiation-induced DNA lesions. Most of the information was obtained via the development of chemical approaches, including theoretical, analytical and organic synthesis methods. Since it is not possible to present all the results obtained in this review article, we will focus on recent data dealing with the formation of complex DNA lesions produced by a single oxidation event, as these lesions may play a significant role in cellular responses to ionizing radiation and also to other sources of oxidative stress. Through the description of specific results, the contribution of different chemical disciplines in the assessment of the structure, the identification of the mechanism of formation and the biological impacts in terms of repair and mutagenicity of these complex radiation-induced DNA lesions will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Ravanat
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier/CEA/Institut Nanoscience et Cryogénie/SCIB, UMR-E3, Grenoble, France
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28
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A comprehensive approach to determining BER capacities and their change with aging inDrosophila melanogastermitochondria by oligonucleotide microarray. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1673-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Tang S, Cai Q, Chibli H, Allagadda V, Nadeau JL, Mayer GD. Cadmium sulfate and CdTe-quantum dots alter DNA repair in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:443-52. [PMID: 23770381 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing use of quantum dots (QDs) makes it necessary to evaluate their toxicological impacts on aquatic organisms, since their contamination of surface water is inevitable. This study compares the genotoxic effects of ionic Cd versus CdTe nanocrystals in zebrafish hepatocytes. After 24h of CdSO4 or CdTe QD exposure, zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells showed a decreased number of viable cells, an accumulation of Cd, an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and an induction of DNA strand breaks. Measured levels of stress defense and DNA repair genes were elevated in both cases. However, removal of bulky DNA adducts by nucleotide excision repair (NER) was inhibited with CdSO4 but not with CdTe QDs. The adverse effects caused by acute exposure of CdTe QDs might be mediated through differing mechanisms than those resulting from ionic cadmium toxicity, and studying the effects of metallic components may be not enough to explain QD toxicities in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tang
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
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30
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Abstract
Rapid advances in redox systems biology are creating new opportunities to understand complexities of human disease and contributions of environmental exposures. New understanding of thiol-disulfide systems have occurred during the past decade as a consequence of the discoveries that thiol and disulfide systems are maintained in kinetically controlled steady states displaced from thermodynamic equilibrium, that a widely distributed family of NADPH oxidases produces oxidants that function in cell signaling and that a family of peroxiredoxins utilize thioredoxin as a reductant to complement the well-studied glutathione antioxidant system for peroxide elimination and redox regulation. This review focuses on thiol/disulfide redox state in biologic systems and the knowledge base available to support development of integrated redox systems biology models to better understand the function and dysfunction of thiol-disulfide redox systems. In particular, central principles have emerged concerning redox compartmentalization and utility of thiol/disulfide redox measures as indicators of physiologic function. Advances in redox proteomics show that, in addition to functioning in protein active sites and cell signaling, cysteine residues also serve as redox sensors to integrate biologic functions. These advances provide a framework for translation of redox systems biology concepts to practical use in understanding and treating human disease. Biological responses to cadmium, a widespread environmental agent, are used to illustrate the utility of these advances to the understanding of complex pleiotropic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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31
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Osipov AN, Ryabchenko NI, Ivannik BP, Ryabchenko VI. DNA damage in thymocytes of mice after exposure of the whole body to combined action of cadmium ions and γ radiation. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911050150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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