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Wilczek G, Surmiak-Stalmach K, Morenc M, Niemiec-Cyganek A, Rost-Roszkowska M, Karcz J, Skowronek M. The effect of ingested copper on the structural and cytotoxic properties of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spider silk. ZOOLOGY 2024; 162:126143. [PMID: 38218003 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Spiders, assigned to macroconcentrators of heavy metals, are particularly threatened by the toxic effects of these chemicals. Until now, it has not been specified to what extent metals alter the processes proceeding in silk glands and if such changes could consequently influence the chemical and structural properties of the spun web threads. In the present study selected biological properties of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) silk yarn after nutritional exposure to copper at sublethal doses (0.234 mM CuSO4) were assessed. It was determined both changes in ultrastructure of ampullate glands and hunting web's architecture as well the cytotoxic effect in model cells (fibroblasts: line ATCC® CCL-1 NCTC clone 929), that were in contact with the analyzed biomaterial. The exposure of spiders to copper caused the occurrence of apoptotic cells in the ampullate glands as well as a significant reduction in the diameter of single fibers in double and multiple connection complexes as compared with control. At both 24 and 72 h of incubation, intensification of apoptotic and necrotic processes was observed in the fibroblast cultures that were remaining in indirect contact with the webs produced by copper-contaminated individuals. In the case of fibroblasts in direct contact with silk from the copper group, a clear cytotoxic effect resulting in an increased frequency of necrosis was observed after 72 h of incubation. The results indicated that copper may change the biological properties of spider silk and compromise its biomaterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Kinga Surmiak-Stalmach
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Morenc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Prof. Zbigniew Religa Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jagna Karcz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Chelomin VP, Slobodskova VV, Kukla SP, Mazur AA, Dovzhenko NV, Zhukovskaya AF, Karpenko AA, Karpenko MA, Odintsov VS. Dietary Exposure to Particles of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Induces Different Responses in Periwinkles Littorina brevicula. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098243. [PMID: 37175949 PMCID: PMC10179660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine and ocean water pollution with different-sized plastic waste poses a real threat to the lives of the next generations. Plastic, including microplastics, is found in all types of water bodies and in the organisms that live in them. However, given the chemical diversity of plastic particles, data on their toxicity are currently incomplete. Moreover, it is clear that different organisms, depending on their habitat and feeding habits, are at different risks from plastic particles. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments on feeding the gastropod scraping mollusk Littorina brevicula with two types of polymeric particles-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-using a special feeding design. In the PMMA-exposed group, changes in gastrointestinal biochemical parameters such as increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC) were detected, indicating the initiation of oxidative stress. Similarly, a comet assay showed an almost twofold increase in DNA damage in digestive gland cells compared to the control group. In mollusks fed with PTFE-containing food, no similar changes were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pavlovich Chelomin
- Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Petrovich Kukla
- Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrey Alexandrovich Mazur
- Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Avianna Fayazovna Zhukovskaya
- Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Alexandrovich Karpenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maxim Alexandrovich Karpenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Sergeevich Odintsov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Wiśniewska K, Siatkowska M, Komorowski P, Napieralska K, Kasperkiewicz K, Surmiak-Stalmach K, Wilczek G. Effects of chronic exposure to cadmium and copper on the proteome profile of hemolymph in false widow spider Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114448. [PMID: 38321667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes in the proteome of the hemolymph of female Steatoda grossa spiders (Theridiidae) that were chronically exposed to cadmium and copper in food and were additionally immunostimulated (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA); bacterial suspensions: Staphylococcus aureus (G+), Pseudomonas fluorescens (G-). It was found that the expression of nearly 90 proteins was altered in cadmium-intoxicated spiders and more than 60 in copper-exposed individuals. Regardless of the type of metal used, these proteins were mainly overexpressed in the hemolymph of the exposed spiders. On the other hand, immunostimulation did not significantly change the number of proteins with altered expression in metal-intoxicated individuals. Hemocyanin (Hc) was found to be the most abundant of the proteins identified with altered expression. In copper-intoxicated spiders, immunostimulation increased the expression of A-, E-, F-, and G-chain-containing proteins, while in the case of cadmium-intoxicates spiders, it decreased the expression of E- and A-chain-containing Hc and increased the expression of G-chain-containing Hc. Regardless of the type of metal and immunostimulant used, there was an increase in the expression of actin. In addition, cadmium increased the expression of cullin, vimentin, and ceruloplasmin. The changes observed in the expression of hemolymph proteins indicate their protective function in S. grossa (Theridiidae) spiders under conditions of metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Siatkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics, Bionanopark Ltd. Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Komorowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics, Bionanopark Ltd. Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Łódź, Poland; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Kinga Napieralska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics, Bionanopark Ltd. Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kasperkiewicz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kinga Surmiak-Stalmach
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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Sahu C, Singla S, Jena G. Studies on male gonadal toxicity of bisphenol A in diabetic rats: An example of exacerbation effect. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e22996. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Punjab India
| | - Shivani Singla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Punjab India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Punjab India
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Wiśniewska K, Rost-Roszkowska M, Homa J, Kasperkiewicz K, Surmiak-Stalmach K, Szulińska E, Wilczek G. The effect of selected immunostimulants on hemocytes of the false black widow Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders under chronic exposition to cadmium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109221. [PMID: 34718188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and to what extent, long-term exposure to cadmium, administered in sublethal concentrations by the oral route, caused changes in the immune potential of hemocytes in adult female Steatoda grossa spiders. We used artificial and natural immunostimulants, namely phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and bacterial cell suspension based on Gram-positive (G+, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (G-, Pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria, to compare the status of hemocytes in nonstimulated individuals and those subjected to immunostimulation. After cadmium exposure, the percentage of small nongranular hemocytes in response to G+ cell suspension and PMA mitogen was decreased. Furthermore, in the cadmium-intoxicated spiders the percentage of plasmatocytes after immunostimulation remained lower compared to the complementary control group. Exposure to cadmium also induced several degenerative changes, including typical apoptotic and necrotic changes, in the analyzed types of cells. Immunostimulation by PMA mitogen and G+ bacterial suspension resulted in an increase in the number of cisterns in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of granulocytes, in both the control group and cadmium-treated individuals. These changes were accompanied with a low level of metallothioneins in hemolymph. Chronic cadmium exposure may significantly weaken the immune defense system of spiders during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Homa
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kasperkiewicz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kinga Surmiak-Stalmach
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szulińska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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Zimny D, Patrzałek M, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M, Surmiak-Stalmach K, Wilczek G. Identification and quantification of fatty acids in hunting web of adult Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) female spiders. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2020.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This is the first study on composition of fatty acids in hunting web of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders and one of only four similar studies ever made. Its main contribution is a discovery that fatty acids not only cover an outside of the web fibers, but they are even more abundantly represented in the fibers’ inner structure. Although little attention has been so far attributed to the contents of fatty acids in spider silks, one has to remember that their biocompatibility combined with an extraordinary tensile strength make them a worth investigating template for material bioengineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dżastin Zimny
- 1 Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Kowalska
- 1 Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Sajewicz
- 1 Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | - Kinga Surmiak-Stalmach
- 3 Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- 3 Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
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Chaouhan HS, Jha RR, Patel DK, Kar Chowdhuri D. Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage is lessened by the modulation of hsp70 via increased GSH de novo synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22819. [PMID: 34056787 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a genotoxic chemical, and in the chemical-exposed organism, oxidative stress is one of the leading causative mechanisms of genotoxicity. Heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70) is reported to be modulated in environmental chemical exposed organisms. Inadequate information on the protective role of Hsp70 in chemical-induced DNA lesions prompted us to investigate this possibility in a well-studied genetically tractable in vivo model Drosophila melanogaster. In the midgut cells of Cr(VI)-exposed hsp70-knockout (KO), -knockdown (KD), and -overexpression Drosophila strains, no significant change in double-strand breaks generation was observed in comparison to similarly exposed w 1118 and the respective genetic control strain after 48 h. Therefore, the role of hsp70 was investigated on oxidative DNA damage induction in the exposed organisms after 24 h. Oxidized DNA lesions (particularly oxidized purine-based lesions), 8-oxo-dG level, and oxidative stress endpoints were found to be significantly elevated in hsp70-KO and -KD strains in comparison to similarly exposed w 1118 and respective genetic control strain. On the contrary, in ubiquitous hsp70-overexpression strain exposed to Cr(VI), these endpoints were significantly lowered concurrently with increased GSH level through elevated gclc, and gclm expression, Gclc level, and GCL activity. The study suggests that as a consequence of hsp70 overexpression, the augmented GSH level in cells vis-a-vis GSH de novo synthesis can counteract Cr(VI)-induced oxidized DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh S Chaouhan
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh R Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Environmental Monitoring Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra K Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Environmental Monitoring Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pant AB. The Implementation of the Three Rs in Regulatory Toxicity and Biosafety Assessment: The Indian Perspective. Altern Lab Anim 2021; 48:234-251. [PMID: 33523713 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920986811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have long served as a basis for scientific experimentation, biomedical research, drug development and testing, disease modelling and toxicity studies, as they are widely thought to provide meaningful, human-relevant predictions. However, many of these systems are resource intensive and time-consuming, have low predictive value and are associated with great social and ethical dilemmas. Often drugs appear to be effective and safe in these classical animal models, but later prove to be ineffective and/or unsafe in clinical trials. These issues have paved the way for a paradigm shift from the use of in vivo approaches, toward the 'science of alternatives'. This has fuelled several research and regulatory initiatives, including the ban on the testing of cosmetics on animals. The new paradigm has been shifted toward increasing the relevance of the models for human predictivity and translational efficacy, and this has resulted in the recent development of many new methodologies, from 3-D bio-organoids to bioengineered 'human-on-a-chip' models. These improvements have the potential to significantly advance medical research globally. This paper offers a stance on the existing strategies and practices that utilise alternatives to animals, and outlines progress on the incorporation of these models into basic and applied research and education, specifically in India. It also seeks to provide a strategic roadmap to streamline the future directions for the country's policy changes and investments. This strategic roadmap could be a useful resource to guide research institutions, industries, regulatory agencies, contract research organisations and other stakeholders in transitioning toward modern approaches to safety and risk assessment that could replace or reduce the use of animals without compromising the safety of humans or the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya B Pant
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, 538266Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Riley K, Cook R, Carr E, Manning B. A Systematic Review of The Impact of Commercial Aircraft Activity on Air Quality Near Airports. CITY AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS 2021; 11:10.1016/j.cacint.2021.100066. [PMID: 34327317 PMCID: PMC8318113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2021.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Commercial airport activity can adversely impact air quality in the vicinity of airports, and millions of people live close to major airports in the United States. Because of these potential impacts, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify peer reviewed literature on air quality near commercial airports and assess the quality of the studies. The systematic review included reference database searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, inclusive of years 2000 through 2020. We identified 3,301 articles, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria developed, seventy studies were identified for extraction and evaluation using a combination of supervised machine learning and manual screening techniques. These studies consistently showed that ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) is elevated in and around airports. Furthermore, many studies show elevated levels of particulate matter under 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), black carbon, criteria pollutants, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well. Finally, the systematic review, while not focused on health effects, identified a limited number of on-topic references reporting adverse health effects impacts, including increased rates of premature death, pre-term births, decreased lung function, oxidative DNA damage and childhood leukemia. More research is needed linking particle size distributions to specific airport activities, and proximity to airports, characterizing relationships between different pollutants, evaluating long-term impacts, and improving our understanding of health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karie Riley
- ICF Incorporated, L.L.C., 9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031-1207, U. S. A
| | - Rich Cook
- U. S. EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, U. S. A
| | - Edward Carr
- ICF Incorporated, L.L.C., 9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031-1207, U. S. A
| | - Bryan Manning
- U. S. EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, U. S. A
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Muruzabal D, Collins A, Azqueta A. The enzyme-modified comet assay: Past, present and future. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111865. [PMID: 33217526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme-modified comet assay was developed in order to detect DNA lesions other than those detected by the standard version (single and double strand breaks and alkali-labile sites). Various lesion-specific enzymes, from the DNA repair machinery of bacteria and humans, have been combined with the comet assay, allowing detection of different oxidized and alkylated bases as well as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, mis-incorporated uracil and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. The enzyme-modified comet assay has been applied in different fields - human biomonitoring, environmental toxicology, and genotoxicity testing (both in vitro and in vivo) - as well as in basic research. Up to now, twelve enzymes have been employed; here we describe the enzymes and give examples of studies in which they have been applied. The bacterial formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease III (EndoIII) have been extensively used while others have been used only rarely. Adding further enzymes to the comet assay toolbox could potentially increase the variety of DNA lesions that can be detected. The enzyme-modified comet assay can play a crucial role in the elucidation of the mechanism of action of both direct and indirect genotoxins, thus increasing the value of the assay in the regulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Muruzabal
- Universidad de Navarra, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Irunlarrea 1, 310008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Universidad de Navarra, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Irunlarrea 1, 310008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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11
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Shan YX, Zhu Y, Li JJ, Wang NM, Yu QT, Xue CB. Acute lethal and sublethal effects of four insecticides on the lacewing (Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126321. [PMID: 32135440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica, is an important predatory insect, which plays an important role in the integrated pest management of agroforestry pests. However, the extensive use of insecticides negatively affects C. sinica. The acute toxicity, risk level, and, sublethal effects on growth and production, predation ability, protective enzyme activity and genotoxicity of four insecticides: indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin to C. sinica were studied. The results showed that all four insecticides had lethal toxicity to larvae of C. sinica. Among them, emamectin benzoate had the highest toxicity with LC50 value of 7.41 mg/L. The insecticides also had different effects on the growth and reproduction of C. sinica, of which lambda-cyhalothrin had the greatest impacts. Even at a very low LC1 concentration (3.37 mg/L), it had strong impacts on the growth, reproduction and predatory ability of C. sinica. The four insecticides also caused a decrease in the predatory ability of the lacewing, of which lambda-cyhalothrin had the greatest effect. During the larval stage, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly decreased by the four insecticides. At the pupal and adult stages, the effects of the four insecticides on the activities of protective enzymes were different, and the activities of SOD, CAT and POD decreased or increased. Indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalothrin exposure induced DNA damage in the haemocytes of C. sinica and produced obvious genotoxicity. These results provide important scientific basis for the rational use of these insecticides and the protection and utilization of lacewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xue Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Nian-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi-Tong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao-Bin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Nile SH, Baskar V, Selvaraj D, Nile A, Xiao J, Kai G. Nanotechnologies in Food Science: Applications, Recent Trends, and Future Perspectives. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:45. [PMID: 34138283 PMCID: PMC7770847 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a key advanced technology enabling contribution, development, and sustainable impact on food, medicine, and agriculture sectors. Nanomaterials have potential to lead qualitative and quantitative production of healthier, safer, and high-quality functional foods which are perishable or semi-perishable in nature. Nanotechnologies are superior than conventional food processing technologies with increased shelf life of food products, preventing contamination, and production of enhanced food quality. This comprehensive review on nanotechnologies for functional food development describes the current trends and future perspectives of advanced nanomaterials in food sector considering processing, packaging, security, and storage. Applications of nanotechnologies enhance the food bioavailability, taste, texture, and consistency, achieved through modification of particle size, possible cluster formation, and surface charge of food nanomaterials. In addition, the nanodelivery-mediated nutraceuticals, synergistic action of nanomaterials in food protection, and the application of nanosensors in smart food packaging for monitoring the quality of the stored foods and the common methods employed for assessing the impact of nanomaterials in biological systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Venkidasamy Baskar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Selvaraj
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Mojica-Vázquez LH, Madrigal-Zarraga D, García-Martínez R, Boube M, Calderón-Segura ME, Oyallon J. Mercury chloride exposure induces DNA damage, reduces fertility, and alters somatic and germline cells in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32322-32332. [PMID: 31598926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury exposure has been shown to affect the reproductive system in many organisms, although the molecular mechanisms are still elusive. In the present study, we exposed Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S adult females to concentrations of 0 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, 3 mM, and 30 mM of mercury chloride (HgCl2) for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h to determine how mercury could affect fertility. Alkaline assays performed on dissected ovaries showed that mercury induced DNA damage that is not only dose-dependent but also time-dependent. All ovaries treated for 72 h have incorporated mercury and exhibit size reduction. Females treated with 30 mM HgCl2, the highest dose, had atrophied ovaries and exhibited a drastic 7-fold reduction in egg laying. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that exposure to HgCl2 disrupts germinal and somatic cell organization in the germarium and leads to the aberrant expression of a germline-specific gene in somatic follicle cells in developing egg chambers. Together, these results highlight the potential long-term impact of mercury on germline and ovarian cells that might involve gene deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Humberto Mojica-Vázquez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Diana Madrigal-Zarraga
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rocío García-Martínez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Muriel Boube
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)-CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - María Elena Calderón-Segura
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Justine Oyallon
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico.
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Wilczek G, Surmiak K, Wawszczak B, Sajewicz M, Kowalska T, Sindera P, Wiśniewska K, Szulinska E. Effect of long-term cadmium and copper intoxication on the efficiency of ampullate silk glands in false black widow Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108564. [PMID: 31276814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare cellular effects of xenobiotic cadmium and biogenic copper in ampullate silk glands of false black widow Steatoda grossa spider after long-term exposure via ingestion under laboratory conditions. Both the level of selected detoxification parameters (glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and the level of total antioxidant capacity) and degree of genotoxic changes (comet assay) were determined in the silk glands. Additionally the contents of selected amino acids (L-Ala, L-Pro, L-His, L-Phe, DL-Ile, and DL-Asn) in the hunting webs produced by spiders of this species were assessed. The ability of S. grossa females to accumulate cadmium was higher than that for copper. Long-term exposure of spiders to copper did not change the level of detoxification parameters, and the level of DNA damage in the cells of ampullate silk glands was also low. Cadmium had a stronger prooxidative and genotoxic effect than copper in the cells of the analyzed silk glands. However, regardless of the type of metal used, no significant changes in the level of amino acids in silk were found. The obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of metal neutralization mechanisms in the body of the studied spider species, which results in the protection of the function of ampullate silk glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Wilczek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
| | - Kinga Surmiak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Beata Wawszczak
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Sajewicz
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | - Teresa Kowalska
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | - Piotr Sindera
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Kamila Wiśniewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szulinska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
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15
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Yousef HA, Abdelfattah EA, Augustyniak M. Antioxidant enzyme activity in responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress in the 5th instar nymphs of Aiolopus thalassinus (Orthoptera: Acrididae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3823-3833. [PMID: 30539392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of antioxidant enzymes to oxidative environmental stress was determined in 5th instar nymphs of Aiolopus thalassinus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) collected from sites with different level of pollution with heavy metals, PO43-, and SO42-. The high polluted site induced higher DNA damage to individuals compared to the control site. The highest values of tail length (TL), tail moment (TM), and percent of DNA in tail (TDNA) were found in the gut of 5th instar nymphs from a high polluted site. Also, protein carbonyls and lipid peroxide levels were significantly higher in insects collected from polluted sites compared to those from the control site. A strong positive correlation between both protein carbonyl and lipid peroxide concentration and the pollution level of the sites was found in all tissues of the insects. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain of insects collected from the high polluted site was significantly higher than that in the thoracic muscles and gut. We observed strong inhibition of catalase (CAT) activity. This effect was apparently caused by pollutants present at the high polluted site. The level of pollution significantly influenced polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in A. thalassinus nymphs in all examined tissues. The highest values were observed in the brain. The relationship between pollution and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity in the examined tissues had no clear tendency. However, the lowest APOX activity was observed in individuals from the low polluted site. Level of pollution of sampling sites, oxidative stress biomarkers, and enzymatic response in A. thalanthsis 5th instar were negatively or positively correlated. Oxidative damage parameters, especially the percent of severed cells, lipid peroxides, and the activity of APOX, can be perceived as good markers of environmental multistress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A Yousef
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Abdelfattah
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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16
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Wilczek G, Wiśniewska K, Kozina B, Wilczek P, Rost-Roszkowska M, Stalmach M, Skowronek M, Kaszuba F. Effects of food contaminated with cadmium and copper on hemocytes of Steatoda grossa (Araneae: Theridiidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:267-274. [PMID: 29253786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spider, from their hemocytes, after a short-term (four-week) exposure to cadmium and copper in sublethal doses by administering them into the body of the preys. The ultrastructure of the dominant types of hemocytes, such as granulocytes, plasmatocytes and prohemocytes, was evaluated using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Quantitative evaluation of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as the ones with depolarized mitochondria in hemolymph, was performed using flow cytometry, while ATP concentration and ADP/ATP ratio in hemocytes were measured by luminescent methods. Cadmium, unlike copper, demonstrated proapoptotic and pronecrotic activity. Low ATP levels and high ADP/ATP ratio in hemocytes indicate a disturbance in the energy metabolism of cells and may account for their qualitative and quantitative degenerative changes. The intensification of death processes in hemocytes after an exposure to cadmium-contaminated food may impair the ability of these cells to fight infectious diseases. Copper at the applied dosage was safe for the spiders without causing visible changes in the hemocyte ultrastructure and in the level of analyzed cell death indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Wilczek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
| | - Kamila Wiśniewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kozina
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilczek
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Heart Prosthesis Institute FRK, Wolności 345a, Zabrze 41-800, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Department of Embriology and Histology of Animals, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Monika Stalmach
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Florentyna Kaszuba
- Department of Embriology and Histology of Animals, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
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17
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Mishra N, Srivastava R, Agrawal UR, Tewari RR. An insight into the genotoxicity assessment studies in dipterans. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:220-229. [PMID: 28927530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dipterans have been widely utilized in genotoxicity assessment studies. Short life span, easy maintenance, production of large number of offspring in a single generation and the tissues with appropriate cell populations make these flies ideal for studies associated to developmental biology, diseases, genetics, genetic toxicology and stress biology in the group. Moreover, their cosmopolitan presence makes them suitable candidate for ecological bio-monitoring. An attempt has been made in the present review to reveal the significance of dipteran flies for assessing alterations in genetic content through various genotoxicity biomarkers and to summarize the gradual advancement in these studies. Recent studies on genotoxicity assays in dipterans have opened up a broader perspective for DNA repair related mechanistic studies, pre-screening of chemicals and environmental bio-monitoring. Studies in dipterans, other than Drosophila may be helpful in using them as an alternative model system for assessment of genotoxicity, especially at the gene level and further extension of these studies give a future insight to develop new strategies for maintaining environment friendly limits of the toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002, India.
| | - Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002, India
| | - Uma Rani Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, C.M.P. College (A constituent college of University of Allahabad), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, George Town, Allahabad-211002, India.
| | - Raghav Ram Tewari
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002, India
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18
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Abdelfattah EA, Augustyniak M, Yousef HA. Biomonitoring of genotoxicity of industrial fertilizer pollutants in Aiolopus thalassinus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) using alkaline comet assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:762-770. [PMID: 28535484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate fertilizer industry is considered as one of the main sources of environmental pollutants. Besides solid waste products, e.g. phosphates, sulphates, and heavy metals, also atmospheric pollutants, such as hydrofluoric acid fumes (HF), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO2), and particulate matter with diameter up to 10 μm (PM10) can be dangerous. Genotoxic effect of these pollutants was monitored by assessing the DNA damage using alkaline comet assay on cells from brain, thoracic muscles and gut of Aiolopus thalassinus collected at three sites (A-C) located at 1, 3, and 6 km away from Abu-Zaabal Company for Fertilizers and Chemical Industries. Control site was established 32 km from the source of pollution, at the Cairo University Campus. The level of the DNA damage was significantly higher in insects from polluted sites comparing to that from the control site. A strong negative correlation between percentage of cells with visible DNA damage (% of severed cells) and the distance of the sites from Abu-Zaabal Company was found. The best parameter for monitoring of fertilizer pollutants is % of severed cells. Possible impact of Abu-Zaabal Company (extremely high concentration of phosphates and sulphates in all the polluted sites) on DNA integrity in A. thalassinus tissues was discussed. The potential use of the comet assay as a biomonitoring method of the environmental pollution caused by fertilizer industry was proposed. Specific pollution resulting from the activity of the fertilizer industry can cause comparable adverse effects in the organisms inhabiting areas up to 6 km from the source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Hesham A Yousef
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
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19
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Wilczek G, Karcz J, Putko A, Kędziorski A, Wilczek P, Stalmach M, Szulińska E. The effect of ingested cadmium on the calorific value and structural properties of hunting webs produced by Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:1298-1307. [PMID: 28237463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess whether cadmium administered via ingestion to Steatoda grossa cobweb spiders (Theridiidae) affects the energy content and selected structural properties of the produced hunting webs. Cadmium content in webs was assessed with AAS and SEM X-ray microanalysis, while the diameters of silk fibers were estimated with SEM. The energy content of samples was measured in an oxygen micro-bomb calorimeter. Females and males showed different reactions to cadmium supplied through food. In comparison to females, males displayed higher metal concentrations in their bodies and hunting webs, however their calorific values and structural features were not significantly changed. Cadmium-treated females spun webs with smaller single-strand diameters and more frequent multi-stranded threads and invested 47% less energy in web production than the control individuals. It cannot be excluded that such a reduction in energy expenditure for web building in females resulted from energetically costly detoxifying reactions triggered in response to direct and indirect effects of cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Wilczek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
| | - Jagna Karcz
- Laboratory of Scanning Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Anna Putko
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędziorski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilczek
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Heart Prosthesis Institute FRK, Wolności 345a, Zabrze 41-800, Poland
| | - Monika Stalmach
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szulińska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
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20
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Marcoccia M, Ronci L, De Matthaeis E, Setini A, Perrino C, Canepari S. In-vivo assesment of the genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of particulate matter on Echinogammarus veneris. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:124-134. [PMID: 28107710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven types of atmospheric dusts (road dust, soil dust, brake dust, desert dust, pellet ash and coke and certified material NIST1648a - urban dust) have been tested for their genotoxicity on specimens of Echinogammarus veneris, a small aquatic amphipod. Experiments were carried out in vivo, by exposing the animals for 24 h to water containing 25 mg/L of dust. Each dust has been chemically analyzed for ions, elemental carbon, organic carbon and for the soluble and insoluble fractions of elements. Non-specific damages to DNA have been evaluated by the comet test, while oxidative damages have been estimated by coupling the comet test with formamido pyrimidine DNA glycosylase reaction. The animal tissues have been acid digested and analyzed for their elemental content to evaluate the bioaccumulation. All the considered dusts have caused a significant non-specific DNA damage, while the oxidative stress was shown only by dust types containing high concentration of elements. Furthermore, the oxidative damage has shown a positive correlation with the total bio-accumulated elemental concentration. For all the dust samples, the correlation with bio-accumulation in the tissues was more satisfactory for the insoluble fraction than for the soluble fraction of elements. Elements contained in solid particles seem then to be the main responsible bioaccumulation and for the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Marcoccia
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Ronci
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira De Matthaeis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Setini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Wang HL, Sun ZO, Rehman RU, Wang H, Wang YF, Wang H. Rosemary Extract-Mediated Lifespan Extension and Attenuated Oxidative Damage inDrosophila melanogasterFed on High-Fat Diet. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1006-1011. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Zhen-ou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Rizwan-ur Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Biological Engineering; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yi-fei Wang
- College of Biological Engineering; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China; Tianjin Univ. of Science & Technology; Tianjin 300457 China
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22
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Matić D, Vlahović M, Kolarević S, Perić Mataruga V, Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Vuković Gačić B. Genotoxic effects of cadmium and influence on fitness components of Lymantria dispar caterpillars. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1270-1277. [PMID: 27613326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study extends our previous findings concerning the sensitivity of Lymantria dispar larvae to cadmium in light of ecotoxicological risk assessment. Here we report the results of the comet assay performed for the first time on this species. We examined the chronic effects of two cadmium concentrations (50 and 100 μg Cd/g dry food) on DNA integrity and haemocyte viability, as well as on fitness-related traits (larval mass and development duration parameters). All parameters were assessed individually and then used to calculate the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index. Egg-masses of L. dispar were collected from two locations in Serbia - the uncontaminated Homolje mountains and a metal-polluted area near Bor copper mines, smelter and refinery. Distinctive patterns in the response of these populations to cadmium exposure were noticed. In haemocytes of larvae from the pollution-free location both cadmium treatments increased the level of DNA damage, although in a similar range. Haemocyte viability and larval mass were reduced, while duration of the fourth instar and total development time were prolonged in a concentration-dependent manner. Cadmium tolerance was noticeable in the population from the metal-contaminated site at all organizational levels. Nevertheless, haemocyte viability in that population was reduced by the stronger treatment. Haemocyte viability was recognized as a promising biomarker due to the evident response of both populations to dietary cadmium. Genotoxicity, fitness-related traits and the IBR index could be used for biomonitoring of sensitive populations not previously exposed to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Matić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vlahović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić Mataruga
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Wilczek G, Mędrzak M, Augustyniak M, Wilczek P, Stalmach M. Genotoxic effects of starvation and dimethoate in haemocytes and midgut gland cells of wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:370-378. [PMID: 26942684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic effects of starvation and dimethoate (organophosphate insecticide) in female and male wolf spiders Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) exposed to the stressors under laboratory conditions. DNA damage was measured in haemocytes and midgut gland cells using the comet assay. In response to the two stressing factors, both cell types showed %TDNA, tail length (TL) and OTM values higher in males than in females. Level of DNA damage in haemocytes was greater than in midgut gland cells. In both sexes, the strongest genotoxicity was recorded at single application of dimethoate. After five-time exposure to the pesticide, genotoxic effects of a single dose were sustained in males and reduced to the control level in females. Starvation stress was well tolerated by the females, in which neither cell type was affected by DNA damage. However, in male haemocytes food deprivation induced severe DNA damage, what suggests suppression of the defence potential at prolonged starvation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Wilczek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007 Poland.
| | - Monika Mędrzak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007 Poland
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007 Poland
| | - Piotr Wilczek
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Heart Prosthesis Institute FRK, Wolności 345a, Zabrze 41-800 Poland
| | - Monika Stalmach
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007 Poland
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Augustyniak M, Gladysz M, Dziewięcka M. The Comet assay in insects--Status, prospects and benefits for science. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 767:67-76. [PMID: 27036067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Comet assay has been recently adapted to investigate DNA damage in insects. The first reports of its use in Drosophila melanogaster appeared in 2002. Since then, the interest in the application of the Comet assay to studies of insects has been rapidly increasing. Many authors see substantial potential in the use of the Comet assay in D. melanogaster for medical toxicology studies. This application could allow the testing of drugs and result in an understanding of the mechanisms of action of toxins, which could significantly influence the limited research that has been performed on vertebrates. The possible perspectives and benefits for science are considered in this review. In the last decade, the use of the Comet assay has been described in insects other than D. melanogaster. Specifically, methods to prepare a cell suspension from insect tissues, which is a difficult task, were analyzed and compared in detail. Furthermore, attention was paid to any differences and modifications in the research protocols, such as the buffer composition and electrophoresis conditions. Various scientific fields in addition to toxicological and ecotoxicological research were considered. We expect the Comet assay to be used in environmental risk assessments and to improve our understanding of many important phenomena of insect life, such as metamorphosis, molting, diapause and quiescence. The use of this method to study species that are of key importance to humans, such as pests and beneficial insects, appears to be highly probable and very promising. The use of the Comet assay for DNA stability testing in insects will most likely rapidly increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Marcin Gladysz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Dziewięcka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Alaraby M, Demir E, Hernández A, Marcos R. Assessing potential harmful effects of CdSe quantum dots by using Drosophila melanogaster as in vivo model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:66-75. [PMID: 26026410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since CdSe QDs are increasingly used in medical and pharmaceutical sciences careful and systematic studies to determine their biosafety are needed. Since in vivo studies produce relevant information complementing in vitro data, we promote the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a suitable in vivo model to detect toxic and genotoxic effects associated with CdSe QD exposure. Taking into account the potential release of cadmium ions, QD effects were compared with those obtained with CdCl2. Results showed that CdSe QDs penetrate the intestinal barrier of the larvae reaching the hemolymph, interacting with hemocytes, and inducing dose/time dependent significant genotoxic effects, as determined by the comet assay. Elevated ROS production, QD biodegradation, and significant disturbance in the conserved Hsps, antioxidant and p53 genes were also observed. Overall, QD effects were milder than those induced by CdCl2 suggesting the role of Cd released ions in the observed harmful effects of Cd based QDs. To reduce the observed side-effects of Cd based QDs biocompatible coats would be required to avoid cadmium's undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaraby
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Sohag University, Faculty of Sciences, Zoology Department, 82524-Campus, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Esref Demir
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 07058-Campus, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Alba Hernández
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Evaluation of the toxic potential of cefotaxime in the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 233:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Augustyniak M, Nocoń Ł, Kędziorski A, Łaszczyca P, Sawczyn T, Tarnawska M, Zawisza-Raszka A. DNA damage in grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus (Orthoptera) hatchlings following paraquat exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 125:212-219. [PMID: 25592461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Comet assay was applied to study genotoxic damage induced by paraquat (PQ) in brain cells of Chorthippus brunneus (Insecta: Orthoptera) hatchlings. Percentage of the comet fluorescence in the tail (TDNA), length of the comet tail (TL) and Olive tail moment (OTM) were used for quantitative assessment of the DNA damage. Multiple regression analysis supplemented standard statistical elaboration of the results. Increasing PQ concentrations applied either directly to the brain cells suspension (10, 50, and 250 μM PQ final concentration--in vitro protocol) or indirectly (50, 250, and 1250 μM PQ final concentration--in vivo protocol) provoked significant increase of oxidative damage to DNA (higher median TDNA and OTM values). The damage increased with time of exposure (0, 5, 15, and 30 min) following in vitro application, but decreased in longer interval (3 vs 24 h) after in vivo administration of paraquat. On contrary, median TL values did not correlate with paraquat concentration irrespectively of the exposure protocol. Possible reason of this discrepancy in light of paraquat toxicity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ł Nocoń
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - A Kędziorski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - P Łaszczyca
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - T Sawczyn
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, PL 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Tarnawska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - A Zawisza-Raszka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Stalmach M, Wilczek G, Wilczek P, Skowronek M, Mędrzak M. DNA damage in haemocytes and midgut gland cells of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders exposed to food contaminated with cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:353-361. [PMID: 25531832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic effects of Cd on haemocytes and midgut gland cells of web-building spiders, Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae), exposed to the metal under laboratory conditions. Analyzes were conducted on adult females and males, fed for four weeks with cadmium-contaminated Drosophila hydei flies, grown on a medium suplemented with 0.25 mM CdCl2. The comet assay, providing a quantitative measure of DNA strand breaks, was used to evaluate the DNA damage caused by the metal. Cadmium content was measured in whole spider bodies by the AAS method. Metal body burden was significantly lower in females (0.25 µgg(-1) dry weight) than in males (3.03 µgg(-1) dry weight), suggesting that females may have more effective mechanisms controlling the uptake of metal, via the digestive tract, or its elimination from the body. Irrespectively of sex, spiders fed prey contaminated with cadmium showed significantly higher values of comet parameters: tail DNA (TDNA), tail length (TL) and olive tail moment (OTM), in comparison with the control. In midgut gland cells, the level of DNA damage was higher for males than females, while in haemocytes the genotoxic effect of cadmium was greater in females. The obtained results indicate that in spiders cadmium displays strong genotoxic effects and may cause DNA damage even at low concentrations, however the severity of damage seems to be sex- and internal organ-dependent. The comet assay can be considered a sensitive tool for measuring the deleterious effect of cadmium on DNA integrity in spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stalmach
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wilczek
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Heart Prosthesis Institute FRK, Wolności 345a, Zabrze 41-800, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Monika Mędrzak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
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Gaivão I, Sierra LM. Drosophila comet assay: insights, uses, and future perspectives. Front Genet 2014; 5:304. [PMID: 25221574 PMCID: PMC4148904 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The comet assay, a very useful tool in genotoxicity and DNA repair testing, is being applied to Drosophila melanogaster since around 15 years ago, by several research groups. This organism is a valuable model for all kind of processes related to human health, including DNA damage response. The assay has been performed mainly in vivo using different larvae cell types (from brain, midgut, hemolymph, and imaginal disk), but also in vitro with the S2 cell line. Since its first application, it has been used to analyze the genotoxicity and action mechanisms of different chemicals, demonstrating good sensitivity and proving its usefulness. Moreover, it is the only assay that can be used to analyze DNA repair in somatic cells in vivo, comparing the effects of chemicals in different repair strains, and to quantitate repair activities in vitro. Additionally, the comet assay in Drosophila, in vivo and in vitro, has been applied to study the influence of protein overexpression on genome integrity and degradation. Although the assay is well established, it could benefit from some research to determine optimal experimental design to standardize it, and then to allow comparisons among laboratories independently of the chosen cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal
| | - L María Sierra
- Área de Genética, Departamento de Biología Funcional, and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
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Mishra M, Sharma A, Shukla AK, Kumar R, Dwivedi UN, Kar Chowdhuri D. Genotoxicity of dichlorvos in strains of Drosophila melanogaster defective in DNA repair. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 766:35-41. [PMID: 24614193 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphate pesticide, is reported to be genotoxic at high concentrations. However, the roles of DNA damage repair pathways in DDVP genotoxicity are not well characterized. To test whether pre- and post-replication pathways are involved, we measured changes in DNA migration (Comet assay) in the midgut cells of Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R+ larvae and in some mutants of pre- (mei-9, mus201, and mus207) and post- (mei-41 and mus209)replication DNA repair pathways. Insects were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of DDVP (up to 15ng/ml) for 48h. After insect exposure to 0.15ng/ml DDVP, we observed greater DNA damage in pre-replication repair mutants; effects on Oregon R+ and post-replication repair mutants were insignificant. In contrast, significant DNA damage was observed in the post-replication repair mutants after their exposure to 1.5 and 15ng/ml DDVP. The pre-replication repair mutant mus207 showed maximum sensitivity to DDVP, suggestive of alkylation damage to DNA. We also examined mutants (SOD- and urate-null) that are sensitive to oxidative stress and the results indicate that significant oxidative DNA damage occurs in DDVP-exposed mutants. This study suggests involvement of both pre- and post-replication repair pathways against DDVP-induced DNA damage in Drosophila, with oxidative DNA damage leading to genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mishra
- Embryotoxicology Section and Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Sharma
- Embryotoxicology Section and Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Shukla
- Embryotoxicology Section and Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Kumar
- Analytical Section and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Section and Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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31
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Augustyniak M, Orzechowska H, Kędziorski A, Sawczyn T, Doleżych B. DNA damage in grasshoppers' larvae--comet assay in environmental approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 96:180-187. [PMID: 24216265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay that provides a quantitative measure of the DNA-strand breaks may be used for assessing the 'genotoxic potential' of the environment. Young adults of Chorthippus brunneus (Orthoptera), collected at three sites in Southern Poland, differing in the level of pollution, particularly with heavy metals: Pilica (reference), Olkusz (moderately polluted) and Szopienice (heavily polluted) - were allowed to mate under laboratory conditions that were free from any pollution. Egg-pods were collected and, after diapause, brain cells from one-day old larvae were used for the comet assay. We compared the level of DNA damage in the larvae originating from these sites and also measured time-dependent DNA repair after single 10min. application of H2O2 (20μM final concentration). The DNA damage was relatively low in larval cells irrespectively of the site pollution their parents came from. However, measured comet parameters - tail DNA content (TDNA), tail length (TL), and olive tail moment (OTM) - were significantly higher in larvae originating from the Szopienice site than in those from the reference site. Incubation of cells with H2O2 resulted in significantly higher values of the comet parameters in the insects from all the study sites with the highest ones observed in the offspring of grasshoppers from Szopienice. Moreover, DNA repair, following the treatment, did not occur in the latter group. These data contribute to almost unexplored subject of genotoxic effects of environmental pollutants in insects. They are discussed in the light of the concept of adaptive strategies in energy allocation depending on the level of biotope pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Rahul, Jyoti S, Naz F, Siddique YH. Toxic effects of gentamicin in the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ)Bg9. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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33
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Sharma A, Mishra M, Shukla AK, Kumar R, Abdin MZ, Chowdhuri DK. Organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan induced cellular and organismal response in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 221-222:275-287. [PMID: 22579458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of endosulfan (0.02-2.0μgmL(-1)) to Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R(+)) at the cellular and organismal levels was examined. Third instar larvae of D. melanogaster and the strains transgenic for hsp70, hsp83 and hsp26 were exposed to endosulfan through food for 12-48h to examine the heat shock proteins (hsps), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, anti-oxidant stress markers and xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. We observed a concentration- and time-dependent significant induction of only small hsps (hsp23>hsp22) in the exposed organism in concurrence with a significant induction of ROS generation, oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism markers. Sub-organismal response was to be propagated towards organismal response, i.e., delay in the emergence of flies and decreased locomotor behaviour. Organisms with diminished locomotion also exhibited significantly lowered acetylcholinesterase activity. A significant positive correlation observed among ROS generation and different cellular endpoints (small hsps, oxidative stress markers, cytochrome P450 activities) in the exposed organism indicate a modulatory role of ROS in endosulfan-mediated cellular toxicity. The study thus suggests that the adverse effects of endosulfan in exposed Drosophila are manifested both at cellular and organismal levels and recommends Drosophila as an alternative animal model for screening the risk caused by environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sharma
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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