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Cheng G, Hardy M, Feix JB, Kalyanaraman B. Inhibition of levodopa metabolism to dopamine by honokiol short-chain fatty acid derivatives may enhance therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2025; 15:20004. [PMID: 40481059 PMCID: PMC12144245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-05072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2025] [Indexed: 06/11/2025] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of honokiol (HNK), a naturally occurring polyphenol, when conjugated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate. We examined the effects of HNK-SCFA ester conjugates on Enterococcus faecalis, a gut bacterium that metabolizes levodopa, a drug used to manage Parkinson's disease symptoms. Our findings indicate that HNK-SCFA-esters (e.g., HNK-acetate, HNK-propionate, HNK-butyrate, and HNK-hexanoate) inhibit E. faecalis growth in a dose-dependent manner, followed by a temporary recovery period during which levodopa remains intact and unmetabolized. Notably, HNK-SCFAs exhibit enhanced cellular permeability and are hydrolyzed within bacterial cells, releasing HNK and SCFAs. These results suggest that HNK-SCFAs may reversibly modulate the gut metabolism of levodopa to dopamine, potentially enhancing its therapeutic efficacy in treating Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Jimmy B Feix
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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2
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Rábago-Monzón ÁR, Osuna-Ramos JF, Armienta-Rojas DA, Camberos-Barraza J, Camacho-Zamora A, Magaña-Gómez JA, De la Herrán-Arita AK. Stress-Induced Sleep Dysregulation: The Roles of Astrocytes and Microglia in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2025; 13:1121. [PMID: 40426947 PMCID: PMC12109018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2025] [Revised: 04/23/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Stress and sleep share a reciprocal relationship, where chronic stress often leads to sleep disturbances that worsen neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. Non-neuronal cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, play critical roles in the brain's response to stress and the regulation of sleep. Astrocytes influence sleep architecture by regulating adenosine signaling and glymphatic clearance, both of which can be disrupted by chronic stress, leading to reduced restorative sleep. Microglia, activated under stress conditions, drive neuroinflammatory processes that further impair sleep and exacerbate brain dysfunction. Additionally, the gut-brain axis mediates interactions between stress, sleep, and inflammation, with microbial metabolites influencing neural pathways. Many of these effects converge on the disruption of synaptic processes, such as neurotransmitter balance, synaptic plasticity, and pruning, which in turn contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review explores how these cellular and systemic mechanisms contribute to stress-induced sleep disturbances and their implications for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting non-neuronal cells and the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel R. Rábago-Monzón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Juan F. Osuna-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | | | - Josué Camberos-Barraza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Camacho-Zamora
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Javier A. Magaña-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
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3
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Mohanakumar KP, Rendeiro C, Beart PM. Neuro-nutraceuticals: Emerging molecular and functional insights into how natural products improve brain health. Neurochem Int 2025; 185:105948. [PMID: 39954790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2025.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
The editors in assembling this Special Issue, "Neuro-nutraceuticals: Emerging Molecular and Functional Insights into how Natural Products Improve Brain Health", sought to advance our understanding of how such chemical entities alone or in group maintain brain metabolism and homeostasis so that neurons, glia and endothelial cells are healthy during development, ageing and in neuropathologies. The growth of interest in neuro-nutraceuticals and all aspects of their actions relevant to the health of the nervous system continues to amaze all. This Special Issue # 4 contains 39 articles, and we sought to highlight in this Special Issue important new advances and key issues pertinent to future clinical application of neuro-nutraceuticals. The diversity of topics covered is quite broad and includes significant articles on enteric microbiome and brain health. The Editors have tried to provide an up-to-date account of how nutraceuticals work at the molecular and cellular level, and what are the known molecular targets that ultimately can be leveraged clinically to enable the brain to function better. With respect to brain ailments and treatments, single molecule effects, and a therapeutic group of molecules from dietary herbals are discussed in this Special Issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Mohanakumar
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686009, India.
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philip M Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
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4
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Chen L, Li J, Zhang W, Wang J. Antiepileptic Effects of Acorus tatarinowii Schott in a Rat Model of Epilepsy: Regulation of Metabolic Axes and Gut Microbiota. BIOLOGY 2025; 14:488. [PMID: 40427677 PMCID: PMC12108817 DOI: 10.3390/biology14050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
As a phytotherapeutic agent with historical applications in epilepsy management, Acorus tatarinowii Schott (ATS) remains pharmacologically enigmatic, particularly regarding its pathophysiological mechanisms. This knowledge gap significantly hinders the clinical application of ATS-based treatments. To explore the potential of ATS in combating epileptogenesis, we utilized a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced chronic epilepsy rat model. Brain metabolomic analysis was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed for screening differential metabolites. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and examined using Spearman correlation analysis. The results show that oral ATS (50 mg/kg) significantly improved the seizure latency and pathology of rats with epilepsy. Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and intestinal flora were crucial for ATS's ability to counteract epilepsy. The therapeutic effects of ATS against epilepsy were investigated with brain metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis, providing the basis for further comprehensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.C.); (J.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.C.); (J.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.C.); (J.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jiepeng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
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5
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Marino F, Petrella L, Cimmino F, Pizzella A, Monda A, Allocca S, Rotondo R, D’Angelo M, Musco N, Iommelli P, Catapano A, Bagnato C, Paolini B, Cavaliere G. From Obesity to Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Peripheral Tissues and in the Central Nervous System. Biomolecules 2025; 15:638. [PMID: 40427531 PMCID: PMC12108580 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 04/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition of chronic low-grade inflammation affecting peripheral organs of the body, as well as the central nervous system. The adipose tissue dysfunction occurring under conditions of obesity is a key factor in the onset and progression of a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria, key organelles in the production of cellular energy, play an important role in this tissue dysfunction. Numerous studies highlight the close link between obesity and adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in excessive ROS production and adipose tissue inflammation. This inflammation is transmitted systemically, leading to metabolic disorders that also impact the central nervous system, where pro-inflammatory cytokines impair mitochondrial and cellular functions in different areas of the brain, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. To date, several bioactive compounds are able to prevent and/or slow down neurogenerative processes by acting on mitochondrial functions. Among these, some molecules present in the Mediterranean diet, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and omega-3 PUFAs, exert a protective action due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the involvement of adipose tissue dysfunction in the development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the central role played by mitochondria, the main actors in the cross-talk between adipose tissue and the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Lidia Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonietta Monda
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Telematic University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Allocca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberta Rotondo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Margherita D’Angelo
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (P.I.)
| | - Piera Iommelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (N.M.); (P.I.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (A.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmela Bagnato
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Madonna Delle Grazie Hospital, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Barbara Paolini
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Innovation, Experimentation and Clinical Research, S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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6
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Srinivasan S. Disruption in the human microbiome causing behavioural changes in bipolar disorder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2025; 180:157-187. [PMID: 40414632 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
This chapter explores the intriguing and complex relationship between the human microbiome and Bipolar Disorder (BD). The microbiome, notably the gut microbiota, has been increasingly recognised as a key performer in brain health and disease. This is due to its role in the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Disruptions in the gut microbiota due to factors such as diet, and stress, may influence this axis and potentially trigger or exacerbate psychiatric conditions. Hence, we investigate into the present interpretation of the microbiome's role in mental health, concentrating on its impact on mood regulation and cognitive function. Consequently, we also explore the possible mechanisms through which microbiome disruption may pay to the behavioural changes observed in BD. Further exploration understand the complex interplay between the microbiome and BD and translate these findings into effective therapeutic plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College for Women, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Ye Z, Kini A, Tan Q, Woltemate S, Vital M, Nikolovska K, Seidler U. Oral tributyrin treatment affects short-chain fatty acid transport, mucosal health, and microbiome in a mouse model of inflammatory diarrhea. J Nutr Biochem 2025; 138:109847. [PMID: 39870330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
Butyrate may decrease intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. This study investigates the impact of oral application of sodium butyrate (NaB) and tributyrin (TB) on colonic butyrate concentration, SCFA transporter expression, colonic absorptive function, barrier properties, inflammation, and microbial composition in the colon of slc26a3-/- mice, a mouse model for inflammatory diarrhea. In vivo fluid absorption and bicarbonate secretory rates were evaluated in the cecum and mid-colon of slc26a3+/+ and slc26a3-/- mice before and during luminal perfusion of NaB-containing saline and were significantly stimulated in both slc26a3+/+ and slc26a3-/- colon by NaB. Age-matched slc26a3+/+ and slc26a3-/- mice were either fed chow containing 5% NaB or gavaged twice daily with TB for 21 d. Food and water intake, weight, and stool water content were assessed daily. Stool and tissues were collected for further analysis of SCFA production, barrier integrity, mucosal inflammation, and microbiome analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 5% NaB diet did not exert a significant impact on SCFA levels, mucus barrier, or inflammatory markers, but significantly increased oral water intake. TB gavage treatment increased the expression of SCFA transporters Mct1 and Smct1, mucus content and microbial diversity, and decreased the neutrophil marker Lipocalin 2, Phospholipase A2, and the antimicrobial peptide Reg3b in the slc26a3-/- cecum. However, TB treatment also resulted in an increase in inflammatory markers such as TNFα, Il-1β and CD3e in the wildtype mucosa. While there are some benefits with TB ingestion for barrier properties and microbial composition in the diseased cecum, potentially detrimental effects were noted in the healthy colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Archana Kini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qinghai Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sabrina Woltemate
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Nikolovska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Bashir B, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Gupta G, Dhanasekaran M, Paudel KR, Chellappan DK, Anand K, Negi P, Singh PK, Rajput A, Dua K, Singh SK. Bridging gap in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease via postbiotics: Current practices and future prospects. Ageing Res Rev 2025; 105:102689. [PMID: 39952328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Aging is an extremely significant risk associated with neurodegeneration. The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are distinguished by the prevalence of proteinopathy, aberrant glial cell activation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, defective autophagy, cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic changes, neurogenesis suppression, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and intestinal dysbiosis that is excessive for the patient's age. Substantial body studies have documented a close relationship between gut microbiota and AD, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota may reduce or even ameliorate AD symptoms and progression. Thus, control of the microbiota in the gut has become an innovative model for clinical management of AD, and rising emphasis is focused on finding new techniques for preventing and/or managing the disease. The etiopathogenesis of gut microbiota in driving AD progression and supplementing postbiotics as a preventive and therapeutic treatment for AD is discussed. The review additionally discusses the use of postbiotics in AD prophylaxis and therapy, portraying them as substances that address senescence-triggered dysfunctions and are worthy of translating from bench to biopharmaceutical market in response to "silver consumers" needs. The current review examines and evaluates the impact of postbiotics as whole and specific metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, polyamines, polyphenols, tryptophan metabolites, exopolysaccharides, and bacterial extracellular vesicles, on the aging-associated processes that reinforce AD. Moreover, it provides an overview of the most recent data from both clinical and preclinical research involving the use of postbiotics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Bashir
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Krishnan Anand
- Precision Medicine and Integrated Nano-Diagnostics (P-MIND) Research Group, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Poonam Negi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia.
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9
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Diep TN, Liu H, Yan LJ. Beneficial Effects of Butyrate on Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2025; 17:772. [PMID: 40077642 PMCID: PMC11901450 DOI: 10.3390/nu17050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2025] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences and contributes to kidney health and disease. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid molecule generated via the fermentation of gut bacterial catabolism of nondigestible dietary fiber, has been shown to exert numerous beneficial effects on kidney disorders. The objective of this review was to discuss the latest findings on the protective effects of butyrate on a variety of animal models of kidney injury. We conducted a PubMed search using the title word "butyrate" and keyword "kidney" to generate our literature review sources. The animal models covered in this review include ischemia-reperfusion renal injury, cisplatin- and folic acid-induced kidney injury, septic kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease (DKD), high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glomerulopathy, adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD), high-salt-induced renal injury, and T-2 toxin-induced kidney injury in birds. The protective mechanisms of butyrate that are most shared among these animal model studies include antioxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-cell death. This review ends with suggestions for future studies on potential approaches that may modulate gut microbiota butyrate production for the well-being of kidneys with the kidney disorders covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (T.N.D.); (H.L.)
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10
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Nie T, You L, Tang F, Duan Y, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Wu Q, Wei W. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2025; 23:524-546. [PMID: 39501955 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x23666241101093436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) pose a formidable challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to their complex pathogenesis, significant morbidity, and mortality. Scope and Approach: This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the central role of the microbiotagut- brain axis (MGBA) in ND pathogenesis. Specifically, it delves into the perturbations within the gut microbiota and its metabolomic landscape, as well as the structural and functional transformations of the gastrointestinal and blood-brain barrier interfaces in ND patients. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in medicinal and dietary interventions tailored to modulate the MGBA for ND therapy. CONCLUSION Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in ND pathogenesis through the MGBA. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and associated metabolites instigate structural modifications and augmented permeability of both the gastrointestinal barrier and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These alterations facilitate the transit of microbial molecules from the gut to the brain via neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, potentially contributing to the etiology of NDs. Numerous investigational strategies, encompassing prebiotic and probiotic interventions, pharmaceutical trials, and dietary adaptations, are actively explored to harness the microbiota for ND treatment. This work endeavors to enhance our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms underpinning ND pathogenesis, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic modalities targeting these debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Nie
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, 401520, China
| | - Fang Tang
- College of Humanities and New Media, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yanhui Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital of Hradec Králové, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to The Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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11
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Ikegami M, Narabayashi H, Nakata K, Yamashita M, Sugi Y, Fuji Y, Matsufuji H, Harata G, Yoda K, Miyazawa K, Nakanishi Y, Takahashi K. Intervention in gut microbiota increases intestinal γ-aminobutyric acid and alleviates anxiety behavior: a possible mechanism via the action on intestinal epithelial cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1421791. [PMID: 39301289 PMCID: PMC11410766 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1421791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis has attracted attention in recent years. Some gut microbiota produces γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals, in vitro, but the correlation between gut microbiota composition and intestinal GABA concentration, as well as the action of intestinal GABA in vivo, are poorly understood. Herein, we found that the intestinal GABA concentration was increased in mice by the intervention of the gut microbiota with neomycin or Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 (TMC3115). Administration of TMC3115 reduced anxiety without affecting serum levels of serotonin, corticosterone, or GABA. We further found that intestinal epithelial cells expressed GABA receptor subunits and mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling upon GABA stimulation. In addition, administration of TMC3115 induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in colonic epithelial cells but not in small intestinal epithelial cells in mice. These results indicate that GABA produced by the gut microbiota, mainly in the colon, may affect host behavioral characteristics via GABA receptors expressed in intestinal epithelial cells without being transferred to the blood. This study suggests a novel mechanism by which intestinal GABA exerts physiological effects, even in the presence of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mion Ikegami
- Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Narabayashi
- Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakata
- Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miyu Yamashita
- Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sugi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yushiro Fuji
- Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsufuji
- Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gaku Harata
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Yoda
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyazawa
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakanishi
- Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Głowacka P, Oszajca K, Pudlarz A, Szemraj J, Witusik-Perkowska M. Postbiotics as Molecules Targeting Cellular Events of Aging Brain-The Role in Pathogenesis, Prophylaxis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:2244. [PMID: 39064687 PMCID: PMC11279795 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for neurodegeneration occurrence. The most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, are characterized by the incidence of proteinopathy, abnormal activation of glial cells, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy and cellular senescence excessive for the patient's age. Moreover, mitochondrial disfunction, epigenetic alterations and neurogenesis inhibition, together with increased blood-brain barrier permeability and gut dysbiosis, have been linked to ND pathogenesis. Since NDs still lack curative treatment, recent research has sought therapeutic options in restoring gut microbiota and supplementing probiotic bacteria-derived metabolites with beneficial action to the host-so called postbiotics. The current review focuses on literature explaining cellular mechanisms involved in ND pathogenesis and research addressing the impact that postbiotics as a whole mixture and particular metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, polyamines, polyphenols, tryptophan metabolites, exopolysaccharides and bacterial extracellular vesicles, have on the ageing-associated processes underlying ND occurrence. The review also discusses the issue of implementing postbiotics into ND prophylaxis and therapy, depicting them as compounds addressing senescence-triggered dysfunctions that are worth translating from bench to pharmaceutical market in response to "silver consumers" demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pola Głowacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
- International Doctoral School, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Oszajca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Pudlarz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Monika Witusik-Perkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
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