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Yang D, Xu J, Xu K, Xu P. Skeletal interoception in osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38561376 PMCID: PMC10985098 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The interoception maintains proper physiological conditions and metabolic homeostasis by releasing regulatory signals after perceving changes in the internal state of the organism. Among its various forms, skeletal interoception specifically regulates the metabolic homeostasis of bones. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint disorder involving cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium. The subchondral bone undergoes continuous remodeling to adapt to dynamic joint loads. Recent findings highlight that skeletal interoception mediated by aberrant mechanical loads contributes to pathological remodeling of the subchondral bone, resulting in subchondral bone sclerosis in OA. The skeletal interoception is also a potential mechanism for chronic synovial inflammation in OA. In this review, we offer a general overview of interoception, specifically skeletal interoception, subchondral bone microenviroment and the aberrant subchondral remedeling. We also discuss the role of skeletal interoception in abnormal subchondral bone remodeling and synovial inflammation in OA, as well as the potential prospects and challenges in exploring novel OA therapies that target skeletal interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglong Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Wei Q, Lin S, Xu S, Zou J, Chen J, Kang M, Hu J, Liao X, Wei H, Ling Q, Shao Y, Yu Y. Graph theoretical analysis and independent component analysis of diabetic optic neuropathy: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14579. [PMID: 38497532 PMCID: PMC10945884 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity and topologic characteristics of brain networks in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON). METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 23 patients and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects. We used independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis to determine the topologic characteristics of the brain and as well as functional network connectivity (FNC) and topologic properties of brain networks. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with DON showed altered global characteristics. At the nodal level, the DON group had fewer nodal degrees in the thalamus and insula, and a greater number in the right rolandic operculum, right postcentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In the internetwork comparison, DON patients showed significantly increased FNC between the left frontoparietal network (FPN-L) and ventral attention network (VAN). Additionally, in the intranetwork comparison, connectivity between the left medial superior frontal gyrus (MSFG) of the default network (DMN) and left putamen of auditory network was decreased in the DON group. CONCLUSION DON patients altered node properties and connectivity in the DMN, auditory network, FPN-L, and VAN. These results provide evidence of the involvement of specific brain networks in the pathophysiology of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wei
- Department of Endocrine and MetabolicThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseaseNanchangJiangxiChina
- Queen Mary SchoolThe Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Si‐Min Lin
- Department of RadiologyXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - San‐Hua Xu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jie Zou
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Min Kang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jin‐Yu Hu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Xu‐Lin Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qian Ling
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- Department of OphthalmologyEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Endocrine and MetabolicThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseaseNanchangJiangxiChina
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Lamorie-Foote K, Kramer DR, Sundaram S, Cavaleri J, Gilbert ZD, Tang AM, Bashford L, Liu CY, Kellis S, Lee B. Primary somatosensory cortex organization for engineering artificial somatosensation. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00009-9. [PMID: 38278220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Somatosensory deficits from stroke, spinal cord injury, or other neurologic damage can lead to a significant degree of functional impairment. The primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices encode information in a medial to lateral organization. SI is generally organized topographically, with more discrete cortical representations of specific body regions. SII regions corresponding to anatomical areas are less discrete and may represent a more functional rather than topographic organization. Human somatosensory research continues to map cortical areas of sensory processing with efforts primarily focused on hand and upper extremity information in SI. However, research into SII and other body regions is lacking. In this review, we synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding the cortical organization of human somatosensation and discuss potential applications for brain computer interface. In addition to accurate individualized mapping of cortical somatosensation, further research is required to uncover the neurophysiological mechanisms of how somatosensory information is encoded in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Lamorie-Foote
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel R Kramer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Shivani Sundaram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Jonathon Cavaleri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zachary D Gilbert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Austin M Tang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luke Bashford
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, T&C Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Y Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Spencer Kellis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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4
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Li Z, Tong G, Wang Y, Ruan H, Zheng Z, Cheng J, Wang Z. Task fMRI studies investigating inhibitory control in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders: A comparative meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:26-42. [PMID: 37640027 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2251057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (EDs) share similarities in terms of clinical characteristics and deficits in inhibitory control. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether inhibitory control could serve as a common behavioural phenotype between OCD and EDs and whether it might be underpinned by shared and/or distinct neural signatures. METHOD We performed a quantitative meta-analysis of brain function abnormalities during the inhibitory control task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scan across patients with OCD and EDs using seed-based d mapping (SDM). RESULTS The meta-analysis included sixteen OCD fMRI studies and ten EDs fMRI studies. And findings revealed that patients with OCD showed hypoactivation relative to healthy controls and patients with EDs in the anterior cingulate cortex, while compared to healthy controls and patients with OCD, patients with EDs showed hypoactivation in the right insula. CONCLUSIONS Patients with OCD and EDs are inclined to exhibit impaired inhibitory control, which may be attributed to different abnormal patterns of neural activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqin Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geya Tong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyang Ruan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Zheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayue Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Brewer AA, Barton B. Cortical field maps across human sensory cortex. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1232005. [PMID: 38164408 PMCID: PMC10758003 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1232005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical processing pathways for sensory information in the mammalian brain tend to be organized into topographical representations that encode various fundamental sensory dimensions. Numerous laboratories have now shown how these representations are organized into numerous cortical field maps (CMFs) across visual and auditory cortex, with each CFM supporting a specialized computation or set of computations that underlie the associated perceptual behaviors. An individual CFM is defined by two orthogonal topographical gradients that reflect two essential aspects of feature space for that sense. Multiple adjacent CFMs are then organized across visual and auditory cortex into macrostructural patterns termed cloverleaf clusters. CFMs within cloverleaf clusters are thought to share properties such as receptive field distribution, cortical magnification, and processing specialization. Recent measurements point to the likely existence of CFMs in the other senses, as well, with topographical representations of at least one sensory dimension demonstrated in somatosensory, gustatory, and possibly olfactory cortical pathways. Here we discuss the evidence for CFM and cloverleaf cluster organization across human sensory cortex as well as approaches used to identify such organizational patterns. Knowledge of how these topographical representations are organized across cortex provides us with insight into how our conscious perceptions are created from our basic sensory inputs. In addition, studying how these representations change during development, trauma, and disease serves as an important tool for developing improvements in clinical therapies and rehabilitation for sensory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Brewer
- mindSPACE Laboratory, Departments of Cognitive Sciences and Language Science (by Courtesy), Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Brian Barton
- mindSPACE Laboratory, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Förster K, Maliske LZ, Schurz M, Henneberg PM, Dannlowski U, Kanske P. How do bipolar disease states affect positive and negative emotion processing? Insights from a meta-analysis on the neural fingerprints of emotional processing. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:540-553. [PMID: 37248623 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies on emotion processing in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show hyperactivity of limbic-striatal brain areas and hypoactivity in inferior frontal areas compared to healthy participants. However, heterogeneous results in patients with different disease states and different valences of emotional stimuli have been identified. METHODS To integrate previous results and elucidate the impact of disease state and stimulus valence, we conducted a systematic literature search for journal articles in the Web of Science Core Collection including MEDLINE databases and employed a coordinate-based-meta-analysis of functional-MRI studies comparing emotion processing in BD-patients with healthy participants using seed-based d mapping (SDM) to test for between-subjects-effects. We included 31 studies published before 11/2022 with a total of N = 766 BD-patients and N = 836 controls. RESULTS Patients with BD showed hyperactivated regions involved in salience processing of emotional stimuli (e.g., the bilateral insula) and hypoactivation of regions associated with emotion regulation (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus) during emotion processing, compared to healthy participants. A more detailed descriptive analysis revealed a hypoactive (anterior) insula in manic BD-patients specifically for negative in comparison to positive emotion processing. DISCUSSION This meta-analysis corroborates the overall tenor of existing literature that patients with BD show an increased emotional reactivity (hyperactivity of salience-processing regions) together with a lower (cognitive) control (hypoactivity of brain areas associated with emotion regulation) over emotional states. Our analysis suggests reduced interoceptive processing of negative stimuli in mania, pointing out the need for longitudinal within-subject analyses of emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Förster
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lara Z Maliske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Schurz
- Institute of Psychology and Digital Science Center (DiSC), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paula M Henneberg
- Clinic and Outpatient Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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7
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Unger N, Haeck M, Eickhoff SB, Camilleri JA, Dickscheid T, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Caspers S, Amunts K. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human frontal operculum-New correlates for a variety of brain functions. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1087026. [PMID: 37448625 PMCID: PMC10336231 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1087026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human frontal operculum (FOp) is a brain region that covers parts of the ventral frontal cortex next to the insula. Functional imaging studies showed activations in this region in tasks related to language, somatosensory, and cognitive functions. While the precise cytoarchitectonic areas that correlate to these processes have not yet been revealed, earlier receptorarchitectonic analysis resulted in a detailed parcellation of the FOp. We complemented this analysis by a cytoarchitectonic study of a sample of ten postmortem brains and mapped the posterior FOp in serial, cell-body stained histological sections using image analysis and multivariate statistics. Three new areas were identified: Op5 represents the most posterior area, followed by Op6 and the most anterior region Op7. Areas Op5-Op7 approach the insula, up to the circular sulcus. Area 44 of Broca's region, the most ventral part of premotor area 6, and parts of the parietal operculum are dorso-laterally adjacent to Op5-Op7. The areas did not show any interhemispheric or sex differences. Three-dimensional probability maps and a maximum probability map were generated in stereotaxic space, and then used, in a first proof-of-concept-study, for functional decoding and analysis of structural and functional connectivity. Functional decoding revealed different profiles of cytoarchitectonically identified Op5-Op7. While left Op6 was active in music cognition, right Op5 was involved in chewing/swallowing and sexual processing. Both areas showed activation during the exercise of isometric force in muscles. An involvement in the coordination of flexion/extension could be shown for the right Op6. Meta-analytic connectivity modeling revealed various functional connections of the FOp areas within motor and somatosensory networks, with the most evident connection with the music/language network for Op6 left. The new cytoarchitectonic maps are part of Julich-Brain, and publicly available to serve as a basis for future analyses of structural-functional relationships in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Unger
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia A. Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Li Z, Hu Q, Huang X, Lv H, Xu J, Yu H. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of acupuncture at ST36: a coordinate-based meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1180434. [PMID: 37360179 PMCID: PMC10287969 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1180434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to investigate the brain effect of acupuncture point Stomach 36 (ST36, Zusanli). However, inconsistent results have hindered our understanding of the neural mechanisms of acupuncture at ST36. Objective To perform a meta-analysis of fMRI studies on acupuncture at ST36 to assess the brain atlas of acupuncture at ST36 from available studies. Method Based on a preregistered protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42019119553), a large set of databases was searched up to August 9, 2021, without language restrictions. Peak coordinates were extracted from clusters that showed significant signal differences before and after acupuncture treatment. A meta-analysis was performed using seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI), a newly improved meta-analytic method. Results A total of 27 studies (27 ST36) were included. This meta-analysis found that ST36 could activate the left cerebellum, the bilateral Rolandic operculum, the right supramarginal gyrus, and the right cerebellum. Functional characterizations showed that acupuncture at ST36 was mainly associated with action and perception. Conclusion Our results provide a brain atlas for acupuncture at ST36, which, besides offering a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms, also provides the possibility of future precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zihan Li
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingmao Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingxian Huang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanqing Lv
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Xu XM, Liu Y, Feng Y, Xu JJ, Gao J, Salvi R, Wu Y, Yin X, Chen YC. Degree centrality and functional connections in presbycusis with and without cognitive impairments. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2725-2734. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Radziun D, Crucianelli L, Ehrsson HH. Limits of Cross-modal Plasticity? Short-term Visual Deprivation Does Not Enhance Cardiac Interoception, Thermosensation, or Tactile Spatial Acuity. Biol Psychol 2021; 168:108248. [PMID: 34971758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-term visual deprivation on discriminative touch, cardiac interoception, and thermosensation by asking 64 healthy volunteers to perform four behavioral tasks. The experimental group contained 32 subjects who were blindfolded and kept in complete darkness for 110minutes, while the control group consisted of 32 volunteers who were not blindfolded but were otherwise kept under identical experimental conditions. Both groups performed the required tasks three times: before and directly after deprivation (or control) and after an additional washout period of 40minutes, in which all participants were exposed to normal light conditions. Our results showed that short-term visual deprivation had no effect on any of the senses tested. This finding suggests that short-term visual deprivation does not modulate basic bodily senses and extends this principle beyond tactile processing to the interoceptive modalities of cardiac and thermal sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Radziun
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Laura Crucianelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - H Henrik Ehrsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Brewer R, Murphy J, Bird G. Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:470-508. [PMID: 34358578 PMCID: PMC8522807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised, with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to mental health research. Variance in interoception, the ability to perceive one's internal bodily state, is reported across diagnostic boundaries, and is associated with atypical functioning across symptom categories. Drawing on behavioural and neuroscientific evidence, we outline current research on the contribution of interoception to numerous cognitive and affective abilities (in both typical and clinical populations), and describe the interoceptive atypicalities seen in a range of psychiatric conditions. We discuss the role that interoception may play in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, as well as the ways in which interoception may differ across clinical presentations. A number of important areas for further research on the role of interoception in psychopathology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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12
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Berntson GG, Khalsa SS. Neural Circuits of Interoception. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:17-28. [PMID: 33378653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present paper considers recent progress in our understanding of the afferent/ascending neural pathways and neural circuits of interoception. Of particular note is the extensive role of rostral neural systems, including cortical systems, in the recognition of internal body states, and the reciprocal role of efferent/descending systems in the regulation of those states. Together these reciprocal interacting networks entail interoceptive circuits that play an important role in a broad range of functions beyond the homeostatic maintenance of physiological steady-states. These include the regulation of behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes across conscious and nonconscious levels of processing. We highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps that are important for accelerating progress in the study of interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary G Berntson
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Cytoarchitectonics of the Rolandic operculum: morphofunctional ponderings. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:941-950. [PMID: 33743075 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Constantin von Economo (1876-1931) had a long-standing interest in the cellular structure of the human cerebral cortex. In the present article I highlight a historical paper that von Economo published in 1930 on the cytoarchitectonics of the Rolandic operculum, an English translation of which I provide as supplementary material. I further discuss some morphofunctional aspects of the human opercular cortex from a modern perspective, as well as the clinical relevance to language dysfunctions, the operculum syndrome, and epilepsy.
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14
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Turkiewicz J, Bhatt RR, Wang H, Vora P, Krause B, Sauk JS, Jacobs JP, Bernstein CN, Kornelsen J, Labus JS, Gupta A, Mayer EA. Altered brain structural connectivity in patients with longstanding gut inflammation is correlated with psychological symptoms and disease duration. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102613. [PMID: 33823388 PMCID: PMC8050027 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify differences in network properties of white matter microstructure between asymptomatic ulcerative colitis (UC) participants who had a history of chronic gut inflammation, healthy controls (HCs) and a disease control group without gut inflammation (irritable bowel syndrome; IBS). DESIGN Diffusion weighted imaging was conducted in age and sex-matched participants with UC, IBS, and HCs (N = 74 each), together with measures of gastrointestinal and psychological symptom severity. Using streamline connectivity matrices and graph theory, we aimed to quantify group differences in brain network connectivity. Regions showing group connectivity differences were correlated with measures showing group behavioral and clinical differences. RESULTS UC participants exhibited greater centrality in regions of the somatosensory network and default mode network, but lower centrality in the posterior insula and globus pallidus compared to HCs (q < 0.05). Hub analyses revealed compromised hubness of the pallidus in UC and IBS compared to HCs which was replaced by increased hubness of the postcentral sulcus. Surprisingly, few differences in network matrices between UC and IBS were identified. In UC, centrality measures in the secondary somatosensory cortex were associated with depression (q < 0.03), symptom related anxiety (q < 0.04), trait anxiety (q < 0.03), and symptom duration (q < 0.05). CONCLUSION A history of UC is associated with neuroplastic changes in several brain networks, which are associated with symptoms of depression, trait and symptom-related anxiety, as well as symptom duration. When viewed together with the results from IBS subjects, these findings suggest that chronic gut inflammation as well as abdominal pain have a lasting impact on brain network organization, which may play a role in symptoms reported by UC patients, even when gut inflammation has subsided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Turkiewicz
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, United States; University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ravi R Bhatt
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School Medcine at USC, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, United States; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Priten Vora
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, United States
| | - Beatrix Krause
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States
| | - Jenny S Sauk
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, United States; UCLA Microbiome Center, United States
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, United States; UCLA Microbiome Center, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, United States
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kornelsen
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, United States; UCLA Microbiome Center, United States
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, United States; UCLA Microbiome Center, United States
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA, United States; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases at UCLA, United States; UCLA Microbiome Center, United States.
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15
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Citherlet D, Boucher O, Hébert-Seropian B, Roy-Côté F, Gravel V, Bouthillier A, Nguyen DK. Sensory profile alterations in patients with insular epilepsy surgery: Preliminary findings. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 115:107499. [PMID: 33323335 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The insular cortex is now well-established as a potential site of epileptogenesis in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and its resection has been associated with good outcomes in terms of seizure control. However, given the role of the insula in sensory processing and in visceral information integration, it remains unclear whether insular cortex epilepsy and its surgery are associated with disturbances in sensory information processing and visceral sensation processes as experienced in daily life. In the present study, we examined such sensory disturbances in a group of patients (n = 17) who underwent epilepsy surgery involving a resection of the insula and compared them to a lesion-control group of patients with temporal epilepsy surgery (n = 22) and a healthy control group (n = 29) matched for age, gender, and education. Participants were assessed on the self-report "Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile" questionnaire at least four months after surgery. Our series of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that insular and temporal resections in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy were associated with a low "sensation seeking" behavior reflecting a lack of engagement with sensory inputs from the environment. Furthermore, insular resections were associated with impairments in the "active behavioral responses" for the gustatory/olfactory modalities. These preliminary findings suggest that insular resections may be associated with mild to moderate alterations in sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Citherlet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de Neurosciences, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de Psychologie, Montreal, Canada; CHUM, Service de Psychologie, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Hébert-Seropian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de Psychologie, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frédérique Roy-Côté
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de Psychologie, Montreal, Canada
| | - Victoria Gravel
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de Psychologie, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de Neurosciences, Montreal, Canada; CHUM, Service de Neurologie, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Lesions in the right Rolandic operculum are associated with self-rating affective and apathetic depressive symptoms for post-stroke patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20264. [PMID: 33219292 PMCID: PMC7679372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke survivors majorly suffered from post-stroke depression (PSD). The PSD diagnosis is commonly performed based on the clinical cut-off for psychometric inventories. However, we hypothesized that PSD involves spectrum symptoms (e.g., apathy, depression, anxiety, and stress domains) and severity levels. Therefore, instead of using the clinical cut-off, we suggested a data-driven analysis to interpret patient spectrum conditions. The patients’ psychological conditions were categorized in an unsupervised manner using the k-means clustering method, and the relationships between psychological conditions and quantitative lesion degrees were evaluated. This study involved one hundred sixty-five patient data; all patients were able to understand and perform self-rating psychological conditions (i.e., no aphasia). Four severity levels—low, low-to-moderate, moderate-to-high, and high—were observed for each combination of two psychological domains. Patients with worse conditions showed the significantly greater lesion degree at the right Rolandic operculum (part of Brodmann area 43). The dissimilarities between stress and other domains were also suggested. Patients with high stress were specifically associated with lesions in the left thalamus. Impaired emotion processing and stress-affected functions have been frequently related to those lesion regions. Those lesions were also robust and localized, suggesting the possibility of an objective for predicting psychological conditions from brain lesions.
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17
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Silfies SP, Beattie P, Jordon M, Vendemia JMC. Assessing sensorimotor control of the lumbopelvic-hip region using task-based functional MRI. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:192-206. [PMID: 32519579 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00288.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent brain imaging studies have suggested that cortical remodeling within sensorimotor regions are associated with persistent low back pain and may be a driving mechanism for the impaired neuromuscular control associated with this condition. This paper outlines a new approach for investigating cortical sensorimotor integration during the performance of small-amplitude lumbopelvic movements with functional MRI. Fourteen healthy right-handed participants were instructed in the lumbopelvic movement tasks performed during fMRI acquisition. Surface electromyography (EMG) collected on 8 lumbopelvic and thigh muscles captured organized patterns of muscle activation during the movement tasks. fMRI data were collected on 10 of 14 participants. Sensorimotor cortical activation across the tasks was identified using a whole brain analysis and further explored with regional analyses of key components of the cortical sensorimotor network. Head motion had low correlation to the tasks (r = -0.101 to 0.004) and head translation averaged 0.98 (0.59 mm) before motion correction. Patterns of activation of the key lumbopelvic and thigh musculature (average amplitude normalized 2-17%) were significantly different across tasks (P > 0.001). Neuroimaging demonstrated activation in key sensorimotor cortical regions that were consistent with motor planning and sensory feedback needed for performing the different tasks. This approach captures the specificity of lumbopelvic sensorimotor control using goal-based tasks (e.g., "lift your hip" vs. "contract your lumbar multifidus to 20% of maximum") performed within the confines of the scanner. Specific patterns of sensorimotor cortex activation appear to capture differences between bilateral and unilateral tasks during voluntary control of multisegmental movement in the lumbopelvic region.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated the feasibility of using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocols for acquiring the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of key sensorimotor cortex regions during voluntary lumbopelvic movements. Our approach activated lumbopelvic muscles during small-amplitude movements while participants were lying supine in the scanner. Our data supports these tasks can be done with limited head motion and low correlation of head motion to the task. The approach provides opportunities for assessing the role of brain changes in persistent low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri P Silfies
- Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,McCausland Brain Imaging Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Paul Beattie
- Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Max Jordon
- Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jennifer M C Vendemia
- McCausland Brain Imaging Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Institute for Mind and Brain, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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18
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Stern ER, Brown C, Ludlow M, Shahab R, Collins K, Lieval A, Tobe RH, Iosifescu DV, Burdick KE, Fleysher L. The buildup of an urge in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Behavioral and neuroimaging correlates. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1611-1625. [PMID: 31916668 PMCID: PMC7082184 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly heterogeneous. While obsessions often involve fear of harm, many patients report uncomfortable sensations and/or urges that drive repetitive behaviors in the absence of a specific fear. Prior work suggests that urges in OCD may be similar to everyday "urges-for-action" (UFA) such as the urge to blink, swallow, or scratch, but very little work has investigated the pathophysiology underlying urges in OCD. In the current study, we used an urge-to-blink approach to model sensory-based urges that could be experimentally elicited and compared across patients and controls using the same task stimuli. OCD patients and controls suppressed eye blinking over a period of 60 s, alternating with free blinking blocks, while brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. OCD patients showed significantly increased activation in several regions during the early phase of eyeblink suppression (first 30 s), including mid-cingulate, insula, striatum, parietal cortex, and occipital cortex, with lingering group differences in parietal and occipital regions during late eyeblink suppression (last 30 s). There were no differences in brain activation during free blinking blocks, and no conditions where OCD patients showed reduced activation compared to controls. In an exploratory analysis of blink counts performed in a subset of subjects, OCD patients were less successful than controls in suppressing blinks. These data indicate that OCD patients exhibit altered brain function and behavior when experiencing and suppressing the urge to blink, raising the possibility that the disorder is associated with a general abnormality in the UFA system that could ultimately be targeted by future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Carina Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Molly Ludlow
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Rebbia Shahab
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Katherine Collins
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexis Lieval
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Russell H Tobe
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lazar Fleysher
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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19
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Yang FP, Chao AS, Lin SH, Chao A, Wang TH, Chang YL, Chang HS, Wang JJ. Functional human brain connectivity during labor and its alteration under epidural analgesia. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2647-2658. [PMID: 31900889 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the neural networks of pain during labor and its relief. It was hypothesized that epidural analgesia would affect the neural activities and the underlying network connectivity. Analysis using dynamic causal modelling and functional connectivity was performed to investigate the spatial activity and network connection of labor pain with and without epidural analgesia. This Institutional Review Board approved study acquired Magnetic Resonance Imaging from 15 healthy women of spontaneous normal delivery (with/without epidural analgesia = 7/8, aged 29.6 ± 2.3 and 29.3 ± 4.8 years old respectively) using a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Numerical rating score of pain was evaluated by a research nurse in the beginning of the first stage of labor and approximately 30 min after imaging examination. Six regions of interested from the activated clusters and literature were selected for dynamic causal modelling, which included primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, insula and lentiform. Functional connectivity was calculated from selected sensory and affective regions. All analyses were performed by using software of statistical parametric mapping version 8 and CONN functional connectivity toolbox. The result showed that the experience of labor pain can lead to activations within a distributed brain network. The pain relief from epidural analgesia can be accompanied with altered functional connectivity, which was most evident in the cingulo-frontal system. The present study, therefore, provides an overview of a pain-related neural network that occur during labor and upon epidural analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Pei Yang
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - An-Shine Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259 WenHua 1st Road, TaoYuan county, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Department of Anesthesia, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259 WenHua 1st Road, TaoYuan county, Taiwan.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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20
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Halani PK, Andy UU, Rao H, Arya LA. Regions of the brain activated in bladder filling vs rectal distention in healthy adults: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 39:58-65. [PMID: 31816125 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adults with pelvic floor disorders commonly present with overlapping bladder and bowel symptoms; however, the relationship between urinary and defecatory dysfunction is not well understood. Our aim was to compare and determine if overlapping brain regions are activated during bladder filling and rectal distention in healthy adults. METHODS We conducted separate Pubmed searches for neuroimaging studies investigating the effects of rectal distention and bladder filling on brain activation in healthy subjects. Coordinates of activated regions were extracted with cluster-level threshold P < .05 and compared using the activation likelihood estimate approach. Results from the various studies were pooled and a contrast analysis was performed to identify any common areas of activation between bladder filling and rectal distension. RESULTS We identified 96 foci of activation from 14 neuroimaging studies on bladder filling and 182 foci from 17 studies on rectal distension in healthy adults. Regions activated during bladder filling included right insula, right and left thalamus, and right periaqueductal grey. Regions activated during rectal distention included right and left insula, right and left thalamus, left postcentral gyrus, and right inferior parietal lobule. Contrast analysis revealed common activation of the right insula with both rectal distention and bladder filling. CONCLUSION Bladder filling and rectal distention activate several separate areas of the brain involved in sensory processing in healthy adults. The common activation of the insula, the region responsible for interoception, in these two conditions may offer an explanation for the coexistence of bladder and defecatory symptoms in pelvic floor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kadam Halani
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Uduak U Andy
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lily A Arya
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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Turner K, Pickering M, O'Connell PR, Jones JFX. The projection of anorectal afferents to cortex of the rat: Comparison of two methods of cortical mapping. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13709. [PMID: 31452314 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rat has served usefully as a model for fecal incontinence and exploration of the mechanism of action of sacral neuromodulation. However, there is a gap in knowledge concerning representation(s) on the primary sensory cortex of this anatomical region. METHODS Multi-electrode array (32 channels) and intrinsic optical signal (IOS) processing were used to map cortical activation sites following anorectal electrical stimulation in the rat. A simple method for expanding a 32-electrode array to a virtual 2700 array was refined. KEY RESULTS The IOS method identified activation of parietal cortex following anorectal or first sacral nerve root (S1) stimulation; however, the signal was poorly localized and large spontaneous vasomotion was observed in pial vessels. In contrast, the resulting high-density maps showed two anatomically distinct cortical activation sites to anorectal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES There are two distinct sites of activation on the parietal cortex following anorectal stimulation in the rat. The implications for sacral neuromodulation as a therapy for fecal incontinence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira Turner
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Pickering
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Ronan O'Connell
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F X Jones
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Cortisol affects pain sensitivity and pain-related emotional learning in experimental visceral but not somatic pain: a randomized controlled study in healthy men and women. Pain 2019; 160:1719-1728. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Fröhlich K, Linker RA, Engelhorn T, Dörfler A, Lee DH, Huhn K, Schwab S, Hilz MJ, Seifert F, Winder K. Brain MRI Lesions are Related to Bowel Incontinence in Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2018; 29:211-217. [PMID: 30537408 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bowel incontinence in multiple sclerosis might be associated with specific lesion sites. This study intended to determine associations between bowel incontinence and cerebral multiple sclerosis lesions using a voxel-wise lesion symptom mapping analysis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of multiple sclerosis patients with self-reported bowel incontinence and matched controls. Lesions were manually outlined on T2-weighted MRI scans and transformed into stereotaxic space. We performed a voxel-wise subtraction analysis subtracting the lesion overlap of patients without from patients with bowel incontinence. Finally, we compared the absence or presence of bowel incontinence between patients with and without lesions in a given voxel using the Liebermeister test. RESULTS A total of 51 patients were included in the study. The analysis yielded associations between bowel incontinence and lesions in the supramarginal gyrus of the left secondary somatosensory cortex and another lesion cluster in the right parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicates associations between bowel incontinence and lesions in the left supramarginal gyral area contributing to integrating anorectal-visceral sensation and in the right parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala contributing to generating visceral autonomic arousal states. Moreover, our results suggest left hemispheric dominance of sensory visceral integration, while limbic areas of the right hemisphere seem to contribute to the autonomic component of the defecation process. A limitation of our study is the retrospective evaluation of the bowel incontinence status based on medical records. Further research should evaluate the bowel incontinence status in multiple sclerosis patients prospectively to overcome the limitations of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Fröhlich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max J Hilz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Seifert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klemens Winder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Sangari S, Giron A, Marrelec G, Pradat PF, Marchand-Pauvert V. Abnormal cortical brain integration of somatosensory afferents in ALS. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 129:874-884. [PMID: 29317192 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infraclinical sensory alterations have been reported at early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While previous studies mainly focused on early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), late SEPs, which reflect on cortical pathways involved in cognitive-motor functions, are relatively underinvestigated. Early and late SEPs were compared to assess their alterations in ALS. METHODS Median and ulnar nerves were electrically stimulated at the wrist, at 9 times the perceptual threshold, in 21 ALS patients without clinical evidence of sensory deficits, and 21 age- and gender-matched controls. SEPs were recorded at the Erb point using surface electrodes and using a needle inserted in the scalp, in front of the primary somatosensory area (with reference electrode on the ear lobe). RESULTS Compared to controls, ALS patients showed comparable peripheral (N9) and early cortical component (N20, P25, N30) reductions, while the late cortical components (N60, P100) were more depressed than the early ones. CONCLUSIONS The peripheral sensory alteration likely contributed to late SEP depression to a lesser extent than that of early SEPs. SIGNIFICANCE Late SEPs may provide new insights on abnormal cortical excitability affecting brain areas involved in cognitive-motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sangari
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alain Giron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Marrelec
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-François Pradat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75013 Paris, France; Département de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Marchand-Pauvert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Alexander M, Aslam H, Marino RJ. Pulse article: How do you do the international standards for neurological classification of SCI anorectal exam? Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2017; 3:17078. [PMID: 29423284 PMCID: PMC5798917 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-017-0015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Online survey of spinal cord injury (SCI) practitioners. OBJECTIVES Determine provider understanding and routine performance of International Standards for Neurologic Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) anorectal examination. SETTING International online questionnaire. METHODS A descriptive survey was developed to assess current performance of the ISNCSCI anorectal exam. Information about this survey was disseminated through social email and international societies between the months of March and April 2017. RESULTS Two hundred and fifteen SCI practitioners completed the survey. Of these, 157 (73%) were specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation, 32 (15%) were physical therapists, 6 were neurologists, 6 were orthopedists, and 3 were neurosurgeons. Of responders, 90% routinely personally performed the anal exam of the ISNCSCI, of whom, 42 placed firm pressure against the anal sphincter, 58 placed firm pressure against the rectal wall, and 87 placed firm pressure against the anal sphincter and rectal wall as part of the exam. On a routine basis, 74% tested sensation at the junction of the anal sphincter and skin, 82% had the patient attempt to squeeze their finger, and 50% performed the bulbocavernosus reflex. CONCLUSIONS Marked inconsistency exists in the performance of the ISNCSCI anal examination. Researchers and clinicians need more education about the performance of the examination. Consideration should be given for the components of deep rectal sensation and anal pressure to be separately documented in the neurologic exam and for researchers to focus separately on recovery of sacral function vs. ambulatory function in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcalee Alexander
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, 700 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hammad Aslam
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ralph J. Marino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Stern ER, Grimaldi SJ, Muratore A, Murrough J, Leibu E, Fleysher L, Goodman WK, Burdick KE. Neural correlates of interoception: Effects of interoceptive focus and relationship to dimensional measures of body awareness. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:6068-6082. [PMID: 28901713 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception has been defined as the sensing of the physiological condition of the body, with interoceptive sensibility (IS) characterizing an individual's self-reported awareness of internal sensation. IS is a multidimensional construct including not only the tendency to be aware of sensation but also how sensations are interpreted, regulated, and used to inform behavior, with different dimensions relating to different aspects of health and disease. Here we investigated neural mechanisms of interoception when healthy individuals attended to their heartbeat and skin temperature, and examined the relationship between neural activity during interoception and individual differences in self-reported IS using the Multidimensional Scale of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Consistent with prior work, interoception activated a network involving insula and sensorimotor regions but also including occipital, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. Differences based on interoceptive focus (heartbeat vs skin temperature) were found in insula, sensorimotor regions, occipital cortex, and limbic areas. Factor analysis of MAIA dimensions revealed 3 dissociable components of IS in our dataset, only one of which was related to neural activity during interoception. Reduced scores on the third factor, which reflected reduced ability to control attention to body sensation and increased tendency to distract from and worry about aversive sensations, was associated with greater activation in many of the same regions as those involved in interoception, including insula, sensorimotor, anterior cingulate, and temporal cortex. These data suggest that self-rated interoceptive sensibility is related to altered activation in regions involved in monitoring body state, which has implications for disorders associated with abnormality of interoception. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6068-6082, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, ISMMS, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie J Grimaldi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York
| | | | - James Murrough
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, ISMMS, New York, New York
| | - Evan Leibu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York
| | - Lazar Fleysher
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, ISMMS, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, ISMMS, New York, New York
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, ISMMS, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Greater fear of visceral pain contributes to differences between visceral and somatic pain in healthy women. Pain 2017; 158:1599-1608. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tahmasian M, Eickhoff SB, Giehl K, Schwartz F, Herz DM, Drzezga A, van Eimeren T, Laird AR, Fox PT, Khazaie H, Zarei M, Eggers C, Eickhoff CR. Resting-state functional reorganization in Parkinson's disease: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Cortex 2017; 92:119-138. [PMID: 28467917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate underlying pathophysiology of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD yielded largely inconsistent results. This quantitative neuroimaging meta-analysis aims to identify consistent abnormal intrinsic functional patterns in PD across studies. We used PubMed to retrieve suitable resting-state studies and stereotactic data were extracted from 28 individual between-group comparisons. Convergence across their findings was tested using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. We found convergent evidence for intrinsic functional disturbances in bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and the supramarginal gyrus in PD patients compared to healthy subjects. In follow-up task-based and task-independent functional connectivity (FC) analyses using two independent healthy subject data sets, we found that the regions showing convergent aberrations in PD formed an interconnected network mainly with the default mode network (DMN). Behavioral characterization of these regions using the BrainMap database suggested associated dysfunction of perception and executive processes. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of parietal cortex in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Tahmasian
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Giehl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Damian M Herz
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology, Phillips University Marburg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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A. Richey J, Ghane M, Valdespino A, Coffman MC, Strege MV, White SW, Ollendick TH. Spatiotemporal dissociation of brain activity underlying threat and reward in social anxiety disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:81-94. [PMID: 27798252 PMCID: PMC5390704 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) involves abnormalities in social motivation, which may be independent of well-documented differences in fear and arousal systems. Yet, the neurobiology underlying motivational difficulties in SAD is not well understood. The aim of the current study was to spatiotemporally dissociate reward circuitry dysfunction from alterations in fear and arousal-related neural activity during anticipation and notification of social and non-social reward and punishment. During fMRI acquisition, non-depressed adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 21) and age-, sex- and IQ-matched control subjects (N = 22) completed eight runs of an incentive delay task, alternating between social and monetary outcomes and interleaved in alternating order between gain and loss outcomes. Adults with SAD demonstrated significantly reduced neural activity in ventral striatum during the anticipation of positive but not negative social outcomes. No differences between the SAD and control groups were observed during anticipation of monetary gain or loss outcomes or during anticipation of negative social images. However, consistent with previous work, the SAD group demonstrated amygdala hyper-activity upon notification of negative social outcomes. Degraded anticipatory processing in bilateral ventral striatum in SAD was constrained exclusively to anticipation of positive social information and dissociable from the effects of negative social outcomes previously observed in the amygdala. Alterations in anticipation-related neural signals may represent a promising target for treatment that is not addressed by available evidence-based interventions, which focus primarily on fear extinction and habituation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Richey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Merage Ghane
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Valdespino
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marika C. Coffman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marlene V. Strege
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Susan W. White
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech Child Study Center, Suite 207, Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Thomas H. Ollendick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech., 109 Williams Hall, MC0436 Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech Child Study Center, Suite 207, Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Wise NJ, Frangos E, Komisaruk BR. Activation of sensory cortex by imagined genital stimulation: an fMRI analysis. SOCIOAFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE & PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 6:31481. [PMID: 27791966 PMCID: PMC5084724 DOI: 10.3402/snp.v6.31481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background During the course of a previous study, our laboratory made a serendipitous finding that just thinking about genital stimulation resulted in brain activations that overlapped with, and differed from, those generated by physical genital stimulation. Objective This study extends our previous findings by further characterizing how the brain differentially processes physical ‘touch’ stimulation and ‘imagined’ stimulation. Design Eleven healthy women (age range 29–74) participated in an fMRI study of the brain response to imagined or actual tactile stimulation of the nipple and clitoris. Two additional conditions – imagined dildo self-stimulation and imagined speculum stimulation – were included to characterize the effects of erotic versus non-erotic imagery. Results Imagined and tactile self-stimulation of the nipple and clitoris each activated the paracentral lobule (the genital region of the primary sensory cortex) and the secondary somatosensory cortex. Imagined self-stimulation of the clitoris and nipple resulted in greater activation of the frontal pole and orbital frontal cortex compared to tactile self-stimulation of these two bodily regions. Tactile self-stimulation of the clitoris and nipple activated the cerebellum, primary somatosensory cortex (hand region), and premotor cortex more than the imagined stimulation of these body regions. Imagining dildo stimulation generated extensive brain activation in the genital sensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex, whereas imagining speculum stimulation generated only minimal activation. Conclusion The present findings provide evidence of the potency of imagined stimulation of the genitals and that the following brain regions may participate in erogenous experience: primary and secondary sensory cortices, sensory-motor integration areas, limbic structures, and components of the ‘reward system’. In addition, these results suggest a mechanism by which some individuals may be able to generate orgasm by imagery in the absence of physical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan J Wise
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ, USA;
| | - Eleni Frangos
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Barry R Komisaruk
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
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31
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Lotze M, Domin M, Kordass B. Symmetry of fMRI activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex during unilateral chewing. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:967-973. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schedlowski M, Enck P, Rief W, Bingel U. Neuro-Bio-Behavioral Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Responses: Implications for Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:697-730. [PMID: 26126649 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The placebo effect has often been considered a nuisance in basic and particularly clinical research. This view has gradually changed in recent years due to deeper insight into the neuro-bio-behavioral mechanisms steering both the placebo and nocebo responses, the evil twin of placebo. For the neuroscientist, placebo and nocebo responses have evolved as indispensable tools to understand brain mechanisms that link cognitive and emotional factors with symptom perception as well as peripheral physiologic systems and end organ functioning. For the clinical investigator, better understanding of the mechanisms driving placebo and nocebo responses allow the control of these responses and thereby help to more precisely define the efficacy of a specific pharmacological intervention. Finally, in the clinical context, the systematic exploitation of these mechanisms will help to maximize placebo responses and minimize nocebo responses for the patient's benefit. In this review, we summarize and critically examine the neuro-bio-behavioral mechanisms underlying placebo and nocebo responses that are currently known in terms of different diseases and physiologic systems. We subsequently elaborate on the consequences of this knowledge for pharmacological treatments of patients and the implications for pharmacological research, the training of healthcare professionals, and for the health care system and future research strategies on placebo and nocebo responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology (M.S.) and Department of Neurology (U.B.), University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (P.E.); and Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Paul Enck
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology (M.S.) and Department of Neurology (U.B.), University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (P.E.); and Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Winfried Rief
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology (M.S.) and Department of Neurology (U.B.), University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (P.E.); and Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Ulrike Bingel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology (M.S.) and Department of Neurology (U.B.), University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (P.E.); and Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (W.R.)
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Abstract
Placebo effects in clinical trials have sparked an interest in the placebo phenomenon, both in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and in experimental gastroenterology. RCTs have demonstrated similar short-term and long-term placebo response rates in gastrointestinal compared to other medical diagnoses. Most mediators and moderators of placebo effects in gastrointestinal diseases are also of similar type and size to other medical diagnoses and not specific for gastrointestinal diagnoses. Other characteristics such as an increase in the placebo response over time and the placebo-enhancing effects of unbalanced randomization were not seen, at least in IBS. Experimental placebo and nocebo studies underscore the 'power' of expectancies and conditioning processes in shaping gastrointestinal symptoms not only at the level of self-reports, but also within the brain and along the brain-gut axis. Brain imaging studies have redressed earlier criticism that placebo effects might merely reflect a response bias. These findings raise hope that sophisticated trials and experiments designed to boost positive expectations and minimize negative expectations could pave the way for a practical and ethically sound use of placebo knowledge in daily practice. Rather than focusing on a 'personalized' choice of drugs based on biomarkers or genes, it might be the doctor-patient communication that needs to be tailored.
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Benson S, Rebernik L, Wegner A, Kleine-Borgmann J, Engler H, Schlamann M, Forsting M, Schedlowski M, Elsenbruch S. Neural circuitry mediating inflammation-induced central pain amplification in human experimental endotoxemia. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:222-31. [PMID: 25882910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To elucidate the brain mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced visceral hyperalgesia in humans, in this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study we tested if intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) involves altered central processing of visceral pain stimuli. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled fMRI study, 26 healthy male subjects received either an intravenous injection of low-dose LPS (N=14, 0.4 ng/kg body weight) or placebo (N=12, control group). Plasma cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), body temperature, plasma cortisol and mood were assessed at baseline and up to 6 h post-injection. At baseline and 2 h post-injection (test), rectal pain thresholds and painful rectal distension-induced blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses in brain regions-of-interest were assessed. To address specificity for visceral pain, BOLD responses to non-painful rectal distensions and painful somatic stimuli (i.e., punctuate mechanical stimulation) were also analyzed as control stimuli. RESULTS Compared to the control group, LPS-treated subjects demonstrated significant and transient increases in TNF-α, IL-6, body temperature and cortisol, along with impaired mood. In response to LPS, rectal pain thresholds decreased in trend, along with enhanced up-regulation of rectal pain-induced BOLD responses within the posterior insula, dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC), anterior midcingulate (aMCC) and somatosensory cortices (all FWE-corrected p<0.05). Within the LPS group, more pronounced cytokine responses correlated significantly with enhanced rectal pain-induced neural activation in DLPFC and aMCC. No significant LPS effects were observed on neural responses to non-painful rectal distensions or mechanical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that peripheral inflammatory processes affect visceral pain thresholds and the central processing of sensory-discriminative aspects of visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Rebernik
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wegner
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Kleine-Borgmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
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Wang Q, Yu W, He N, Chen K. Investigation of the cortical activation by touching fabric actively using fingers. Skin Res Technol 2015; 21:444-8. [PMID: 25594629 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Human subjects can tactually estimate the perception of touching fabric. Although many psychophysical and neurophysiological experiments have elucidated the peripheral neural mechanisms that underlie fabric hand estimation, the associated cortical mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS To identify the brain regions responsible for the tactile stimulation of fabric against human skin, we used the technology of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to observe brain activation when the subjects touched silk fabric actively using fingers. RESULTS Consistent with previous research about brain cognition on sensory stimulation, large activation in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and moto cortex, and little activation in the posterior insula cortex and Broca's Area were observed when the subjects touched silk fabric. CONCLUSION The technology of fMRI is a promising tool to observe and characterize the brain cognition on the tactile stimulation of fabric quantitatively. The intensity and extent of activation in the brain regions, especially the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), can represent the perception of stimulation of fabric quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Yu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - N He
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zilles K, Amunts K. Anatomical Basis for Functional Specialization. FMRI: FROM NUCLEAR SPINS TO BRAIN FUNCTIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7591-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Haas S, Brock C, Krogh K, Gram M, Nissen TD, Lundby L, Laurberg S, Drewes AM. Cortical evoked potentials in response to rapid balloon distension of the rectum and anal canal. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:862-73. [PMID: 24750321 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurophysiological evaluation of anorectal sensory function is hampered by a paucity of methods. Rapid balloon distension (RBD) has been introduced to describe the cerebral response to rectal distension, but it has not successfully been applied to the anal canal. METHODS Nineteen healthy women received 30 RBDs in the rectum and the anal canal at intensities corresponding to sensory and unpleasantness thresholds, and response was recorded as cortical evoked potentials (CEPs) in 64-channels. The anal canal stimulations at unpleasantness level were repeated after 4 min to test the within-day reproducibility. CEPs were averaged, and to overcome latency variation related to jitter the spectral content of single sweeps was also computed. KEY RESULTS Repeated stimulation of the anal canal generated CEPs with similar latencies but smaller amplitudes compared to those from the rectum. Due to latency jitter, reproducibility of averaged CEPs was lower than what was found in the rectum. The most reproducible feature was N2P2 peak-to-peak amplitude with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.7 and coefficient of variation (CV) of 18%. Spectral content of the single sweeps showed reproducibility with ICCs for all bands >0.8 and corresponding CVs <7%. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Cortical potentials evoked from the anal canal are challenged by latency jitter likely related to variability in muscle tone due to the distensions. Using single-sweep analysis, anal CEPs proved to be reproducible and should be used in future evaluation of the anal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haas
- Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
Knowledge from placebo and nocebo research aimed at elucidating the role of treatment expectations and learning experiences in shaping the response to visceral pain fills an important research gap. First, chronic abdominal pain, such as in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is highly prevalent, with detrimental individual and socioeconomic impact and limited effective treatment options. At the same time, IBS patients show high placebo response rates in clinical trials and benefit from placebo interventions. Second, psychological factors including emotions and cognitions in the context of visceral pain have been implicated in the pathophysiology of IBS and other conditions characterized by medically unexplained somatic symptoms. Hence, the study of nocebo and placebo effects in visceral pain constitutes a model to assess the contribution of psychological factors. Herein, the clinical relevance of visceral pain is introduced with a focus on IBS as a bio-psycho-social disorder, followed by a review of existing clinical and experimental work on placebo and nocebo effects in IBS and in clinically relevant visceral pain models. Finally, emerging research trends are highlighted along with an outlook regarding goals for ongoing and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
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Elsenbruch S, Schmid J, Kullmann JS, Kattoor J, Theysohn N, Forsting M, Kotsis V. Visceral sensitivity correlates with decreased regional gray matter volume in healthy volunteers: a voxel-based morphometry study. Pain 2013; 155:244-249. [PMID: 24099953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regional changes in brain structure have been reported in patients with altered visceral sensitivity and chronic abdominal pain, such as in irritable bowel syndrome. It remains unknown whether structural brain changes are associated with visceral sensitivity. Therefore, we present the first study in healthy individuals to address whether interindividual variations in gray matter volume (GMV) in pain-relevant regions correlate with visceral sensitivity. In 92 healthy young adults (52 female), we assessed rectal sensory and pain thresholds and performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compute linear regression models with visceral sensory and pain thresholds, respectively, as independent variable and GMV in a priori-defined regions of interest (ROIs) as dependent variable. All results were familywise error (FWE) corrected at a level of PFWE<.05 and covaried for age. The mean (±SEM) rectal thresholds were 14.78±0.46mm Hg for first sensation and 33.97±1.13mm Hg for pain, without evidence of sex differences. Lower rectal sensory threshold (ie, increased sensitivity) correlated significantly with reduced GMV in the thalamus, insula, posterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortices, amygdala, and basal ganglia (all PFWE<.05). Lower rectal pain threshold was associated with reduced GMV in the right thalamus (PFWE=.051). These are the first data supporting that increased visceral sensitivity correlates with decreased gray matter volume in pain-relevant brain regions. These findings support that alterations in brain morphology not only occur in clinical pain conditions but also occur according to normal interindividual variations in visceral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Poeppl TB, Langguth B, Laird AR, Eickhoff SB. The functional neuroanatomy of male psychosexual and physiosexual arousal: a quantitative meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:1404-21. [PMID: 23674246 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive behavior is mandatory for conservation of species and mediated by a state of sexual arousal (SA), involving both complex mental processes and bodily reactions. An early neurobehavioral model of SA proposes cognitive, emotional, motivational, and autonomic components. In a comprehensive quantitative meta-analysis on previous neuroimaging findings, we provide here evidence for distinct brain networks underlying psychosexual and physiosexual arousal. Psychosexual (i.e., mental sexual) arousal recruits brain areas crucial for cognitive evaluation, top-down modulation of attention and exteroceptive sensory processing, relevance detection and affective evaluation, as well as regions implicated in the representation of urges and in triggering autonomic processes. In contrast, physiosexual (i.e., physiological sexual) arousal is mediated by regions responsible for regulation and monitoring of initiated autonomic processes and emotions and for somatosensory processing. These circuits are interconnected by subcortical structures (putamen and claustrum) that provide exchange of sensorimotor information and crossmodal processing between and within the networks. Brain deactivations may imply attenuation of introspective processes and social cognition, but be necessary to release intrinsic inhibition of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm B Poeppl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Mental processes and their neural substrates are intimately linked to the homeostatic control of internal bodily state. There are a set of distinct interoceptive pathways that directly and indirectly influence brain functions. The anatomical organization of these pathways and the psychological/behavioral expressions of their influence appear along discrete, evolutionarily conserved dimensions that are tractable to a mechanistic understanding. Here, we review the role of these pathways as sources of biases to perception, cognition, emotion, and behavior and arguably the dynamic basis to the concept of self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo D Critchley
- Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9RR, UK.
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Interaction between cognition, emotion, and the autonomic nervous system. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 117:59-77. [PMID: 24095116 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mind and body are intrinsically and dynamically coupled. Perceptions, thoughts and feelings change, and respond to, the state of the body. This chapter describes the integration of cognitive and affective processes with the autonomic control of bodily arousal, focusing on reciprocal effects of autonomic responses on decision making, error detection, memory and emotions. Neuroimaging techniques are beginning to detail the neuronal substrates mediating these interactions between mental and physiological states, implicating cortical regions (specifically insular and cingulate cortices) alongside subcortical (amygdala) and brainstem (notably dorsal pons) in these mechanisms. The extent to which bodily states influence mental processes is determined in part by "interoceptive sensitivity," an index of individual differences in the ability to detect one's own bodily sensations. Moreover, the misidentification or misattribution of interoceptive responses is implicated in a number of pathologies such as depersonalization, schizophrenia, and anxiety. Increasing knowledge of the mechanisms of body-mind interactions has wide ranging implications, from decision making to empathy, and may serve elucidate potential avenues of intervention for stress-sensitive conditions in which psychological, cognitive, and emotional factors impact on the expression of physical symptoms.
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Lindquist KA, Barrett LF. A functional architecture of the human brain: emerging insights from the science of emotion. Trends Cogn Sci 2012; 16:533-40. [PMID: 23036719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 'faculty psychology' approach to the mind, which attempts to explain mental function in terms of categories that reflect modular 'faculties', such as emotions, cognitions, and perceptions, has dominated research into the mind and its physical correlates. In this paper, we argue that brain organization does not respect the commonsense categories belonging to the faculty psychology approach. We review recent research from the science of emotion demonstrating that the human brain contains broadly distributed functional networks that can each be re-described as basic psychological operations that interact to produce a range of mental states, including, but not limited to, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and so on. When compared to the faculty psychology approach, this 'constructionist' approach provides an alternative functional architecture to guide the design and interpretation of experiments in cognitive neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 321 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Oosterwijk S, Lindquist KA, Anderson E, Dautoff R, Moriguchi Y, Barrett LF. States of mind: emotions, body feelings, and thoughts share distributed neural networks. Neuroimage 2012; 62:2110-28. [PMID: 22677148 PMCID: PMC3453527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have traditionally assumed that different kinds of mental states (e.g., fear, disgust, love, memory, planning, concentration, etc.) correspond to different psychological faculties that have domain-specific correlates in the brain. Yet, growing evidence points to the constructionist hypothesis that mental states emerge from the combination of domain-general psychological processes that map to large-scale distributed brain networks. In this paper, we report a novel study testing a constructionist model of the mind in which participants generated three kinds of mental states (emotions, body feelings, or thoughts) while we measured activity within large-scale distributed brain networks using fMRI. We examined the similarity and differences in the pattern of network activity across these three classes of mental states. Consistent with a constructionist hypothesis, a combination of large-scale distributed networks contributed to emotions, thoughts, and body feelings, although these mental states differed in the relative contribution of those networks. Implications for a constructionist functional architecture of diverse mental states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Oosterwijk
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA.
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Simmons WK, Avery JA, Barcalow JC, Bodurka J, Drevets WC, Bellgowan P. Keeping the body in mind: insula functional organization and functional connectivity integrate interoceptive, exteroceptive, and emotional awareness. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:2944-58. [PMID: 22696421 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Relatively discrete experimental literatures have grown to support the insula's role in the domains of interoception, focal exteroceptive attention and cognitive control, and the experience of anxiety, even as theoretical accounts have asserted that the insula is a critical zone for integrating across these domains. Here we provide the first experimental demonstration that there exists a functional topography across the insula, with distinct regions in the same participants responding in a highly selective fashion for interoceptive, exteroceptive, and affective processing. Although each insular region is associated with areas of differential resting state functional connectivity relative to the other regions, overall their functional connectivity profiles are quite similar, thereby providing a map of how interoceptive, exteroceptive, and emotional awareness are integrated within the insular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kyle Simmons
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Faculty of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Di Noto PM, Newman L, Wall S, Einstein G. The Hermunculus: What Is Known about the Representation of the Female Body in the Brain? Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:1005-13. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ahn CB, Lee SJ, Lee JC, Fossion JPJ, Sant'Ana A. A clinical pilot study comparing traditional acupuncture to combined acupuncture for treating headache, trigeminal neuralgia and retro-auricular pain in facial palsy. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2011; 4:29-43. [PMID: 21440878 DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(11)60005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional acupuncture (TA) and ear acupuncture (EA) are used for treatment of headache, trigeminal neuralgia, and retro-auricular pain. The purpose of this study is to develop effective treatment using combined acupuncture (CA) which consists of TA and EA and to set clinical protocols for future trials. Participants were divided into TA (n = 15) control and CA (n = 34) experimental groups. Obligatory points among Korean Five Element Acupuncture and optional individual points along with symptom points were used in the TA group. The CA group was exposed to ear points of Fossion and TA. Acupuncture treatment consisted of six mandatory sessions per patient over 3 weeks and extended to 12 sessions. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale. We compared TA to CA and researched their relevant publications. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p = 0.968) which showed pain-alleviating tendency. Pain alleviation was significantly different after the fifth and sixth sessions (p = 0.021, p = 0.025), with headache being the most significantly relieved (F = 4.399, p = 0.018) among the diseases. When assessing pain intensity, both the Headache Impact Test and the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale should be adopted for headache and the fractal electroencephalography method be used in pain diseases. In the future, studies should consist of TA, EA, and CA groups; each group having 20 patients. Treatment number should to be no less than 10 sessions. Korean Five Element Acupuncture should be a compulsory inclusion along with individual points being optional inclusion in TA. EA could be selected from Nogier, Fossion and so forth. In conclusion, acupuncture treatment, whether TA or CA, showed pain alleviation in headache, trigeminal neuralgia, and retro-auricular pain, but no significant difference was seen between groups. Prospective, well-controlled, and relevant protocols using multimodal strategies to define the role of TA, EA, and CA are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Beohm Ahn
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea.
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Vicarious responses to social touch in posterior insular cortex are tuned to pleasant caressing speeds. J Neurosci 2011; 31:9554-62. [PMID: 21715620 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0397-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective touch carries strong significance for social mammals, including humans. Gentle, dynamic touch of a kind that occurs during social interactions is preferentially encoded by a distinct neural pathway involving tactile C (CT) afferents, a type of unmyelinated afferent nerve found exclusively in hairy skin. CT afferents increase firing when the skin is stroked at a pleasant, caress-like speed of ∼3 cm/s, and their discharge frequency correlates with the subjective hedonic experience of the caress. In humans, the posterior insula is a cortical target for CT afferents. Since the potential social relevance of affective touch extends to the touch interactions of others, we postulated that information from CT afferents in posterior insular cortex provides a basis for encoding observed caresses. RESULTS In two experiments, we exploited CT afferents' functionally unique tuning curve for stroking speed, demonstrating that a speed optimal for eliciting CT discharge (3 cm/s) also gives rise to higher BOLD responses in posterior insula than a nonoptimal speed (30 cm/s). When participants viewed videos of others' arms being stroked at CT-optimal versus -nonoptimal speeds, the posterior insula showed a similar response as to directly felt touch. Further, this region's response was specific for social interactions, showing no CT-related modulation for nonsocial dynamic-touch videos. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide direct evidence for a functional relationship between CT signaling and processing in posterior insular cortex. Such selective tuning for CT-optimal signals in insula may allow recognition of the hedonic relevance of a merely observed caress.
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Nickl-Jockschat T, Habel U, Michel TM, Manning J, Laird AR, Fox PT, Schneider F, Eickhoff SB. Brain structure anomalies in autism spectrum disorder--a meta-analysis of VBM studies using anatomic likelihood estimation. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 33:1470-89. [PMID: 21692142 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive developmental disorders with characteristic core symptoms such as impairments in social interaction, deviance in communication, repetitive and stereotyped behavior, and impaired motor skills. Anomalies of brain structure have repeatedly been hypothesized to play a major role in the etiopathogenesis of the disorder. Our objective was to perform unbiased meta-analysis on brain structure changes as reported in the current ASD literature. We thus conducted a comprehensive search for morphometric studies by Pubmed query and literature review. We used a revised version of the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach for coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging results. Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps were applied to compare the localization of the obtained significant effects to histological areas. Each of the significant ALE clusters was analyzed separately for age effects on gray and white matter density changes. We found six significant clusters of convergence indicating disturbances in the brain structure of ASD patients, including the lateral occipital lobe, the pericentral region, the medial temporal lobe, the basal ganglia, and proximate to the right parietal operculum. Our study provides the first quantitative summary of brain structure changes reported in literature on autism spectrum disorders. In contrast to the rather small sample sizes of the original studies, our meta-analysis encompasses data of 277 ASD patients and 303 healthy controls. This unbiased summary provided evidence for consistent structural abnormalities in spite of heterogeneous diagnostic criteria and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) methodology, but also hinted at a dependency of VBM findings on the age of the patients.
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