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Wu J, Yang J, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Qin T, Li X, Deng H, Gong L. Functional connectome gradient predicts clinical symptoms of chronic insomnia disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111120. [PMID: 39154930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Insomnia is the second most prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide, but the understanding of the pathophysiology of insomnia remains fragmented. In this study, we calculated the connectome gradient in 50 chronic insomnia disorder (CID) patients and 38 healthy controls (HC) to assess changes due to insomnia and utilized these gradients in a connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to predict clinical symptoms associated with insomnia. The results suggested that insomnia led to significant alterations in the functional gradients of some brain areas. Specifically, the gradient scores in the middle frontal gyrus, superior anterior cingulate gyrus, and right nucleus accumbens were significantly higher in the CID patients than in the HC group, whereas the scores in the middle occipital gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus were significantly lower than in the HC group. Further correlation analysis revealed that the right middle frontal gyrus is positively correlated with the self-rating anxiety scale (r=0.3702). Additionally, the prediction model built with functional gradients could well predict the sleep quality (r=0.5858), anxiety (r=0.6150), and depression (r=0.4022) levels of insomnia patients. This offers an objective depiction of the clinical diagnosis of insomnia, yielding a beneficial impact on the identification of effective biomarkers and the comprehension of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianwei Qin
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanbin Deng
- Sichuan Institute of Computer Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Cao Q, Wang P, Zhang Z, Castellanos FX, Biswal BB. Compressed cerebro-cerebellar functional gradients in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26796. [PMID: 39254180 PMCID: PMC11386319 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Both cortical and cerebellar developmental differences have been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently accumulating neuroimaging studies have highlighted hierarchies as a fundamental principle of brain organization, suggesting the importance of assessing hierarchy abnormalities in ADHD. A novel gradient-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis was applied to investigate the cerebro-cerebellar disturbed hierarchy in children and adolescents with ADHD. We found that the interaction of functional gradient between diagnosis and age was concentrated in default mode network (DMN) and visual network (VN). At the same time, we also found that the opposite gradient changes of DMN and VN caused the compression of the cortical main gradient in ADHD patients, implicating the co-occurrence of both low- (visual processing) and high-order (self-related thought) cognitive dysfunction manifesting in abnormal cerebro-cerebellar organizational hierarchy in ADHD. Our study provides a neurobiological framework to better understand the co-occurrence and interaction of both low-level and high-level functional abnormalities in the cortex and cerebellum in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Cao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Baroni A, Antonioni A, Fregna G, Lamberti N, Manfredini F, Koch G, D’Ausilio A, Straudi S. The Effectiveness of Paired Associative Stimulation on Motor Recovery after Stroke: A Scoping Review. Neurol Int 2024; 16:567-589. [PMID: 38804482 PMCID: PMC11130975 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation. PAS allows connections between cortical areas and peripheral nerves (C/P PAS) or between cortical regions (C/C PAS) to be strengthened or weakened by spike-timing-dependent neural plasticity mechanisms. Since PAS modulates both neurophysiological features and motor performance, there is growing interest in its application in neurorehabilitation. We aimed to synthesize evidence on the motor rehabilitation role of PAS in stroke patients. We performed a literature search following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Framework. Eight studies were included: one investigated C/C PAS between the cerebellum and the affected primary motor area (M1), seven applied C/P PAS over the lesional, contralesional, or both M1. Seven studies evaluated the outcome on upper limb and one on lower limb motor recovery. Although several studies omit crucial methodological details, PAS highlighted effects mainly on corticospinal excitability, and, more rarely, an improvement in motor performance. However, most studies failed to prove a correlation between neurophysiological changes and motor improvement. Although current studies seem to suggest a role of PAS in post-stroke rehabilitation, their heterogeneity and limited number do not yet allow definitive conclusions to be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baroni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (G.K.); (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annibale Antonioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (G.K.); (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Fregna
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (G.K.); (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (G.K.); (A.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (G.K.); (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (G.K.); (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro D’Ausilio
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (G.K.); (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (G.K.); (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
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Molnár F, Horvát S, Ribeiro Gomes AR, Martinez Armas J, Molnár B, Ercsey-Ravasz M, Knoblauch K, Kennedy H, Toroczkai Z. Predictability of cortico-cortical connections in the mammalian brain. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:138-157. [PMID: 38562298 PMCID: PMC10861169 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a five order of magnitude range in size, the brains of mammals share many anatomical and functional characteristics that translate into cortical network commonalities. Here we develop a machine learning framework to quantify the degree of predictability of the weighted interareal cortical matrix. Partial network connectivity data were obtained with retrograde tract-tracing experiments generated with a consistent methodology, supplemented by projection length measurements in a nonhuman primate (macaque) and a rodent (mouse). We show that there is a significant level of predictability embedded in the interareal cortical networks of both species. At the binary level, links are predictable with an area under the ROC curve of at least 0.8 for the macaque. Weighted medium and strong links are predictable with an 85%-90% accuracy (mouse) and 70%-80% (macaque), whereas weak links are not predictable in either species. These observations reinforce earlier observations that the formation and evolution of the cortical network at the mesoscale is, to a large extent, rule based. Using the methodology presented here, we performed imputations on all area pairs, generating samples for the complete interareal network in both species. These are necessary for comparative studies of the connectome with minimal bias, both within and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Molnár
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Szabolcs Horvát
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Reykjavik University, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ana R. Ribeiro Gomes
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
| | | | - Botond Molnár
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mária Ercsey-Ravasz
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kenneth Knoblauch
- National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Henry Kennedy
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zoltan Toroczkai
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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5
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Pedersen R, Johansson J, Nordin K, Rieckmann A, Wåhlin A, Nyberg L, Bäckman L, Salami A. Dopamine D1-Receptor Organization Contributes to Functional Brain Architecture. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0621232024. [PMID: 38302439 PMCID: PMC10941071 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0621-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent work has recognized a gradient-like organization in cortical function, spanning from primary sensory to transmodal cortices. It has been suggested that this axis is aligned with regional differences in neurotransmitter expression. Given the abundance of dopamine D1-receptors (D1DR), and its importance for modulation and neural gain, we tested the hypothesis that D1DR organization is aligned with functional architecture, and that inter-regional relationships in D1DR co-expression modulate functional cross talk. Using the world's largest dopamine D1DR-PET and MRI database (N = 180%, 50% female), we demonstrate that D1DR organization follows a unimodal-transmodal hierarchy, expressing a high spatial correspondence to the principal gradient of functional connectivity. We also demonstrate that individual differences in D1DR density between unimodal and transmodal regions are associated with functional differentiation of the apices in the cortical hierarchy. Finally, we show that spatial co-expression of D1DR primarily modulates couplings within, but not between, functional networks. Together, our results show that D1DR co-expression provides a biomolecular layer to the functional organization of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pedersen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
| | - Kristin Nordin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik, Munich 80799, Germany
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden
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Wang X, Huang CC, Tsai SJ, Lin CP, Cai Q. The aging trajectories of brain functional hierarchy and its impact on cognition across the adult lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1331574. [PMID: 38313436 PMCID: PMC10837851 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1331574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hierarchical network architecture of the human brain, pivotal to cognition and behavior, can be explored via gradient analysis using restingstate functional MRI data. Although it has been employed to understand brain development and disorders, the impact of aging on this hierarchical architecture and its link to cognitive decline remains elusive. Methods This study utilized resting-state functional MRI data from 350 healthy adults (aged 20-85) to investigate the functional hierarchical network using connectome gradient analysis with a cross-age sliding window approach. Gradient-related metrics were estimated and correlated with age to evaluate trajectory of gradient changes across lifespan. Results The principal gradient (unimodal-to-transmodal) demonstrated a significant non-linear relationship with age, whereas the secondary gradient (visual-to-somatomotor) showed a simple linear decreasing pattern. Among the principal gradient, significant age-related changes were observed in the somatomotor, dorsal attention, limbic and default mode networks. The changes in the gradient scores of both the somatomotor and frontal-parietal networks were associated with greater working memory and visuospatial ability. Gender differences were found in global gradient metrics and gradient scores of somatomotor and default mode networks in the principal gradient, with no interaction with age effect. Discussion Our study delves into the aging trajectories of functional connectome gradient and its cognitive impact across the adult lifespan, providing insights for future research into the biological underpinnings of brain function and pathological models of atypical aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qing Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Del Río M, Racey C, Ren Z, Qiu J, Wang HT, Ward J. Higher Sensory Sensitivity is Linked to Greater Expansion Amongst Functional Connectivity Gradients. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:56-74. [PMID: 36227443 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insofar as the autistic-like phenotype presents in the general population, it consists of partially dissociable traits, such as social and sensory issues. Here, we investigate individual differences in cortical organisation related to autistic-like traits. Connectome gradient decomposition based on resting state fMRI data reliably reveals a principal gradient spanning from unimodal to transmodal regions, reflecting the transition from perception to abstract cognition. In our non-clinical sample, this gradient's expansion, indicating less integration between visual and default mode networks, correlates with subjective sensory sensitivity (measured using the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire, GSQ), but not other autistic-like traits (measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, AQ). This novel brain-based correlate of the GSQ demonstrates sensory issues can be disentangled from the wider autistic-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Racey
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Zhiting Ren
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao-Ting Wang
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Laboratory for Brain Simulation and Exploration (SIMEXP), Montreal Geriatrics Institute (CRIUGM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jamie Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Zheng C, Zhao W, Yang Z, Guo S. Functional connectome hierarchy dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and its relationship with cognition and gene expression profiling. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25280. [PMID: 38284860 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Numerous researches have shown that the human brain organizes as a continuum axis crossing from sensory motor to transmodal cortex. Functional network alterations were commonly found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the hierarchy of AD brain networks has changed and how these changes related to gene expression profiling and cognition is unclear. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 233 subjects (185 AD patients and 48 healthy controls), we studied the changes in the functional network gradients in AD. Moreover, we investigated the relationships between gradient alterations and cognition, and gene expression profiling, respectively. We found that the second gradient organizes as a continuum axis crossing from the sensory motor to the transmodal cortex. Compared to the healthy controls, the secondary gradient scores of the visual and somatomotor network (SOM) increased significantly in AD, and the secondary gradient scores of default mode and frontoparietal network decreased significantly in AD. The secondary gradient scores of SOM and salience network (SAL) significantly positively correlated with memory function in AD. The secondary gradient in SAL also significantly positively correlated with language function. The AD-related second gradient alterations were spatially associated with the gene expression and the relevant genes enriched in neurobiology-related pathways, specially expressed in various tissues, cell types, and developmental stages. These findings suggested the changes in the functional network gradients in AD and deepened our understanding of the correlation between macroscopic gradient structure and microscopic gene expression profiling in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Zheng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shuixia Guo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Statistics and Data Science, Hunan Normal University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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9
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Pagani M, Gutierrez-Barragan D, de Guzman AE, Xu T, Gozzi A. Mapping and comparing fMRI connectivity networks across species. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1238. [PMID: 38062107 PMCID: PMC10703935 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Technical advances in neuroimaging, notably in fMRI, have allowed distributed patterns of functional connectivity to be mapped in the human brain with increasing spatiotemporal resolution. Recent years have seen a growing interest in extending this approach to rodents and non-human primates to understand the mechanism of fMRI connectivity and complement human investigations of the functional connectome. Here, we discuss current challenges and opportunities of fMRI connectivity mapping across species. We underscore the critical importance of physiologically decoding neuroimaging measures of brain (dys)connectivity via multiscale mechanistic investigations in animals. We next highlight a set of general principles governing the organization of mammalian connectivity networks across species. These include the presence of evolutionarily conserved network systems, a dominant cortical axis of functional connectivity, and a common repertoire of topographically conserved fMRI spatiotemporal modes. We finally describe emerging approaches allowing comparisons and extrapolations of fMRI connectivity findings across species. As neuroscientists gain access to increasingly sophisticated perturbational, computational and recording tools, cross-species fMRI offers novel opportunities to investigate the large-scale organization of the mammalian brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pagani
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Autism Center, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
- IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy
| | - Daniel Gutierrez-Barragan
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - A Elizabeth de Guzman
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Integrative Developmental Neuroscience, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy.
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10
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Holmes A, Levi PT, Chen YC, Chopra S, Aquino KM, Pang JC, Fornito A. Disruptions of Hierarchical Cortical Organization in Early Psychosis and Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:1240-1250. [PMID: 37683727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebral cortex is organized hierarchically along an axis that spans unimodal sensorimotor to transmodal association areas. This hierarchy is often characterized using low-dimensional embeddings, termed gradients, of interregional functional coupling estimates measured with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Such analyses may offer insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, which has been frequently linked to dysfunctional interactions between association and sensorimotor areas. METHODS To examine disruptions of hierarchical cortical function across distinct stages of psychosis, we applied diffusion map embedding to 2 independent functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets: one comprising 114 patients with early psychosis and 48 control participants, and the other comprising 50 patients with established schizophrenia and 121 control participants. Then, we analyzed the primary sensorimotor-to-association and secondary visual-to-sensorimotor gradients of each participant in both datasets. RESULTS There were no significant differences in regional gradient scores between patients with early psychosis and control participants. Patients with established schizophrenia showed significant differences in the secondary, but not primary, gradient compared with control participants. Gradient differences in schizophrenia were characterized by lower within-network dispersion in the dorsal attention (false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected p [pFDR] < .001), visual (pFDR = .003), frontoparietal (pFDR = .018), and limbic (pFDR = .020) networks and lower between-network dispersion between the visual network and other networks (pFDR < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that differences in cortical hierarchical function occur along the secondary visual-to-sensorimotor axis rather than the primary sensorimotor-to-association axis as previously thought. The absence of differences in early psychosis suggests that visual-sensorimotor abnormalities may emerge as the illness progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Holmes
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Priscila T Levi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kevin M Aquino
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James C Pang
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Rockland KS. Cellular and laminar architecture: A short history and commentary. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1926-1933. [PMID: 37941081 PMCID: PMC11406557 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The feedforward/feedback classification, as originally stated in relation to early visual areas in the macaque monkey, has had a significant influence on ideas of laminar interactions, area reciprocity, and cortical hierarchical organization. In some contrast with this macroscale "laminar connectomics," a more cellular approach to cortical connections, as briefly surveyed here, points to a still underappreciated heterogeneity of neuronal subtypes and complex microcircuitries. From the perspective of heterogeneities, the question of how brain regions interact and influence each other quickly leads to discussions about concurrent hierarchical and nonhierarchical cortical features, brain organization as a multiscale system forming nested groups and hierarchies, connectomes annotated by multiple biological attributes, and interleaved and overlapping scales of organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S Rockland
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Brown KL, Gartstein MA. Microstate analysis in infancy. Infant Behav Dev 2023; 70:101785. [PMID: 36423552 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microstate analysis is an emerging method for investigating global brain connections using electroencephalography (EEG). Microstates have been colloquially referred to as the "atom of thought," meaning that from these underlying networks comes coordinated neural processing and cognition. The present study examined microstates at 6-, 8-, and 10-months of age. It was hypothesized that infants would demonstrate distinct microstates comparable to those identified in adults that also parallel resting-state networks using fMRI. An additional exploratory aim was to examine the relationship between microstates and temperament, assessed via parent reports, to further demonstrate microstate analysis as a viable tool for examining the relationship between neural networks, cognitive processes as well as emotional expression embodied in temperament attributes. METHODS The microstates analysis was performed with infant EEG data when the infant was either 6- (n = 12), 8- (n = 16), or 10-months (n = 6) old. The resting-state task involved watching a 1-minute video segment of Baby Einstein while listening to the accompanying music. Parents completed the IBQ-R to assess infant temperament. RESULTS Four microstate topographies were extracted. Microstate 1 had an isolated posterior activation; Microstate 2 had a symmetric occipital to prefrontal orientation; Microstate 3 had a left occipital to right frontal orientation; and Microstate 4 had a right occipital to left frontal orientation. At 10-months old, Microstate 3, thought to reflect auditory/language processing, became activated more often, for longer periods of time, covering significantly more time across the task and was more likely to be transitioned into. This finding is interpreted as consistent with language acquisition and phonological processing that emerges around 10-months. Microstate topographies and parameters were also correlated with differing temperament broadband and narrowband scales on the IBQ-R. CONCLUSION Three microstates emerged that appear comparable to underlying networks identified in adult and infant microstate literature and fMRI studies. Each of the temperament domains was related to specific microstates and their parameters. These networks also correspond with auditory and visual processing as well as the default mode network found in prior research and can lead to new investigations examining differences across stimulus presentations to further explain how infants begin to recognize, respond to, and engage with the world around them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, USA.
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13
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Dong D, Yao D, Wang Y, Hong SJ, Genon S, Xin F, Jung K, He H, Chang X, Duan M, Bernhardt BC, Margulies DS, Sepulcre J, Eickhoff SB, Luo C. Compressed sensorimotor-to-transmodal hierarchical organization in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2023; 53:771-784. [PMID: 34100349 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia has been primarily conceptualized as a disorder of high-order cognitive functions with deficits in executive brain regions. Yet due to the increasing reports of early sensory processing deficit, recent models focus more on the developmental effects of impaired sensory process on high-order functions. The present study examined whether this pathological interaction relates to an overarching system-level imbalance, specifically a disruption in macroscale hierarchy affecting integration and segregation of unimodal and transmodal networks. METHODS We applied a novel combination of connectome gradient and stepwise connectivity analysis to resting-state fMRI to characterize the sensorimotor-to-transmodal cortical hierarchy organization (96 patients v. 122 controls). RESULTS We demonstrated compression of the cortical hierarchy organization in schizophrenia, with a prominent compression from the sensorimotor region and a less prominent compression from the frontal-parietal region, resulting in a diminished separation between sensory and fronto-parietal cognitive systems. Further analyses suggested reduced differentiation related to atypical functional connectome transition from unimodal to transmodal brain areas. Specifically, we found hypo-connectivity within unimodal regions and hyper-connectivity between unimodal regions and fronto-parietal and ventral attention regions along the classical sensation-to-cognition continuum (voxel-level corrected, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The compression of cortical hierarchy organization represents a novel and integrative system-level substrate underlying the pathological interaction of early sensory and cognitive function in schizophrenia. This abnormal cortical hierarchy organization suggests cascading impairments from the disruption of the somatosensory-motor system and inefficient integration of bottom-up sensory information with attentional demands and executive control processes partially account for high-level cognitive deficits characteristic of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Faculty of Psychological and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fei Xin
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Kyesam Jung
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hui He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuebin Chang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Department of Radiology, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- Department of Neurology, Brain Disorders and Brain Function Key Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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14
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Xue K, Guo L, Zhu W, Liang S, Xu Q, Ma L, Liu M, Zhang Y, Liu F. Transcriptional signatures of the cortical morphometric similarity network gradient in first-episode, treatment-naive major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:518-528. [PMID: 36253546 PMCID: PMC9852427 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by alterations in functional and structural network gradients. However, whether changes are present in the cortical morphometric similarity (MS) network gradient, and the relationship between alterations of the gradient and gene expression remains largely unknown. In this study, the MS network was constructed, and its gradient was calculated in 71 patients with first-episode, treatment-naive MDD, and 69 demographically matched healthy controls. Between-group comparisons were performed to investigate abnormalities in the MS network gradient, and partial least squares regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between gene expression profiles and MS network gradient-based alternations in MDD. We found that the gradient was primarily significantly decreased in sensorimotor regions in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls, and increased in visual-related regions. In addition, the altered principal MS network gradient in the left postcentral cortex and right lingual cortex exhibited significant correlations with symptom severity. The abnormal gradient pattern was spatially correlated with the brain-wide expression of genes enriched for neurobiologically relevant pathways, downregulated in the MDD postmortem brain, and preferentially expressed in different cell types and cortical layers. These results demonstrated alterations of the principal MS network gradient in MDD and suggested the molecular mechanisms for structural alternations underlying MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhong Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lining Guo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wenshuang Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Sixiang Liang
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Mengge Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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15
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Mesulam MM. Temporopolar regions of the human brain. Brain 2023; 146:20-41. [PMID: 36331542 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Following prolonged neglect during the formative decades of behavioural neurology, the temporopolar region has become a site of vibrant research on the neurobiology of cognition and conduct. This turnaround can be attributed to increasing recognition of neurodegenerative diseases that target temporopolar regions for peak destruction. The resultant syndromes include behavioural dementia, associative agnosia, semantic forms of primary progressive aphasia and semantic dementia. Clinicopathological correlations show that object naming and word comprehension are critically dependent on the language-dominant (usually left) temporopolar region, whereas behavioural control and non-verbal object recognition display a more bilateral representation with a rightward bias. Neuroanatomical experiments in macaques and neuroimaging in humans show that the temporoparietal region sits at the confluence of auditory, visual and limbic streams of processing at the downstream (deep) pole of the 'what' pathway. The functional neuroanatomy of this region revolves around three axes, an anterograde horizontal axis from unimodal to heteromodal and paralimbic cortex; a radial axis where visual (ventral), auditory (dorsal) and paralimbic (medial) territories encircle temporopolar cortex and display hemispheric asymmetry; and a vertical depth-of-processing axis for the associative elaboration of words, objects and interoceptive states. One function of this neural matrix is to support the transformation of object and word representations from unimodal percepts to multimodal concepts. The underlying process is likely to start at canonical gateways that successively lead to generic (superordinate), specific (basic) and unique levels of recognition. A first sign of left temporopolar dysfunction takes the form of taxonomic blurring where boundaries among categories are preserved but not boundaries among exemplars of a category. Semantic paraphasias and coordinate errors in word-picture verification tests are consequences of this phenomenon. Eventually, boundaries among categories are also blurred and comprehension impairments become more profound. The medial temporopolar region belongs to the amygdalocentric component of the limbic system and stands to integrate exteroceptive information with interoceptive states underlying social interactions. Review of the pertinent literature shows that word comprehension and conduct impairments caused by temporopolar strokes and temporal lobectomy are far less severe than those seen in temporopolar atrophies. One explanation for this unexpected discrepancy invokes the miswiring of residual temporopolar neurons during the many years of indolently progressive neurodegeneration. According to this hypothesis, the temporopolar regions become not only dysfunctional but also sources of aberrant outputs that interfere with the function of areas elsewhere in the language and paralimbic networks, a juxtaposition not seen in lobectomy or stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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16
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Huo T, Xia Y, Zhuang K, Chen Q, Sun J, Yang W, Qiu J. Linking functional connectome gradient to individual creativity. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5273-5284. [PMID: 35136988 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human brain network is organized as a hierarchical organization, exhibiting various connectome gradients. The principal gradient is anchored by the modality-specific primary areas and the transmodal regions. Previous studies have suggested that the unimodal-transmodal gradient in the functional connectome may offer an overarching framework for high-order cognitions of human brain. However, there is still a lacking of direct evidence to associate these two. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we aim to explore the association between creativity, a typical human high-order cognitive function, and unimodal-transmodal gradient, using two independent datasets of young adults. METHODS For each individual, we identified the unimodal-transmodal gradient in functional connectome and calculated its global measures. Then we correlated the individual creativity score with measures of unimodal-transmodal gradient at global-brain, subsystem, and regional level. RESULTS The results suggested that better creative performance was associated with greater distance between primary areas and transmodal regions in gradient axes, and less distance between ventral attention network and default mode network. Individual creativity was also found positively correlated with regional gradients in ventral attention network, and negatively correlated with gradients of regions in visual cortex. CONCLUSION Together, these findings directly link the unimodal-transmodal gradient to individual creativity, providing empirical evidence for the cognitive implications of functional connectome gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengbin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunman Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiangzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China.,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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17
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Hu K, Wang Q, Lou J, Fan L, Liu B. The development of cortical functional hierarchy is associated with the molecular organization of prenatal/postnatal periods. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4248-4261. [PMID: 36069939 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex conforms to specific functional hierarchies facilitating information processing and higher-order cognition. Prior studies in adults have unveiled a dominant functional hierarchy spanning from sensorimotor regions to transmodal regions, which is also present in younger cohorts. However, how the functional hierarchy develops and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be investigated. Here, we set out to investigate the developmental patterns of the functional hierarchy for preschool children (#scans = 141, age = 2.41-6.90 years) using a parsimonious general linear model and the underlying biological mechanisms by combining the neuroimaging developmental pattern with two separate transcriptomic datasets (i.e. Allen Human Brain Atlas and BrainSpan Atlas). Our results indicated that transmodal regions were further segregated from sensorimotor regions and that such changes were potentially driven by two gene clusters with distinct enrichment profiles, namely prenatal gene cluster and postnatal gene cluster. Additionally, we found similar developmental profiles manifested in subsequent developmental periods by conducting identical analyses on the Human Connectome Projects in Development (#scans = 638, age = 5.58-21.92 years) and Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort datasets (#scans = 795, age = 8-21 years), driven by concordant two gene clusters. Together, these findings illuminate a comprehensive developmental principle of the functional hierarchy and the underpinning molecular factors, and thus may shed light on the potential pathobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhao
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
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18
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Fekonja LS, Wang Z, Cacciola A, Roine T, Aydogan DB, Mewes D, Vellmer S, Vajkoczy P, Picht T. Network analysis shows decreased ipsilesional structural connectivity in glioma patients. Commun Biol 2022; 5:258. [PMID: 35322812 PMCID: PMC8943189 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas that infiltrate networks and systems, such as the motor system, often lead to substantial functional impairment in multiple systems. Network-based statistics (NBS) allow to assess local network differences and graph theoretical analyses enable investigation of global and local network properties. Here, we used network measures to characterize glioma-related decreases in structural connectivity by comparing the ipsi- with the contralesional hemispheres of patients and correlated findings with neurological assessment. We found that lesion location resulted in differential impairment of both short and long connectivity patterns. Network analysis showed reduced global and local efficiency in the ipsilesional hemisphere compared to the contralesional hemispheric networks, which reflect the impairment of information transfer across different regions of a network. Tumors and their location distinctly alter both local and global brain connectivity within the ipsilesional hemisphere of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius S Fekonja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Timo Roine
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - D Baran Aydogan
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Darius Mewes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vellmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Picht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Pini L, Salvalaggio A, De Filippo De Grazia M, Zorzi M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Corbetta M. A novel stroke lesion network mapping approach: improved accuracy yet still low deficit prediction. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab259. [PMID: 34859213 PMCID: PMC8633453 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion network mapping estimates functional network abnormalities caused by a focal brain lesion. The method requires embedding the volume of the lesion into a normative functional connectome and using the average functional magnetic resonance imaging signal from that volume to compute the temporal correlation with all other brain locations. Lesion network mapping yields a map of potentially functionally disconnected regions. Although promising, this approach does not predict behavioural deficits well. We modified lesion network mapping by using the first principal component of the functional magnetic resonance imaging signal computed from the voxels within the lesioned area for temporal correlation. We measured potential improvements in connectivity strength, anatomical specificity of the lesioned network and behavioural prediction in a large cohort of first-time stroke patients at 2-weeks post-injury (n = 123). This principal component functional disconnection approach localized mainly cortical voxels of high signal-to-noise; and it yielded networks with higher anatomical specificity, and stronger behavioural correlation than the standard method. However, when examined with a rigorous leave-one-out machine learning approach, principal component functional disconnection approach did not perform better than the standard lesion network mapping in predicting neurological deficits. In summary, even though our novel method improves the specificity of disconnected networks and correlates with behavioural deficits post-stroke, it does not improve clinical prediction. Further work is needed to capture the complex adjustment of functional networks produced by focal damage in relation to behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pini
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, 35100 Italy
| | - Alessandro Salvalaggio
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, 35100 Italy.,Clinica Neurologica, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, 35100 Italy
| | | | - Marco Zorzi
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, 30126 Italy.,Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, 35100 Italy
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, 75006 France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076 France
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, 35100 Italy.,Clinica Neurologica, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, 35100 Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, 35100 Italy
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20
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Pini L, Wennberg AM, Salvalaggio A, Vallesi A, Pievani M, Corbetta M. Breakdown of specific functional brain networks in clinical variants of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101482. [PMID: 34606986 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by different clinical entities. Although AD phenotypes share a common molecular substrate (i.e., amyloid beta and tau accumulation), several clinicopathological differences exist. Brain functional networks might provide a macro-scale scaffolding to explain this heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking different large-scale functional network abnormalities to distinct AD phenotypes. Specifically, executive deficits in early-onset AD link with the dysfunction of networks that support sustained attention and executive functions. Posterior cortical atrophy relates to the breakdown of visual and dorsal attentional circuits, while the primary progressive aphasia variant of AD may be associated with the dysfunction of the left-lateralized language network. Additionally, network abnormalities might provide in vivo signatures for distinguishing proteinopathies that mimic AD, such as TAR DNA binding protein 43 related pathologies. These network differences vis-a-vis clinical syndromes are more evident in the earliest stage of AD. Finally, we discuss how these findings might pave the way for new tailored interventions targeting the most vulnerable brain circuit at the optimal time window to maximize clinical benefits.
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21
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Ding J, Xiao J. Functional gradient alteration in individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:338-344. [PMID: 34735837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing a better understanding of the structure of the hierarchy is a primary goal of neuroscience. Recent research has highlighted a connectome gradient dysfunction in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains unclear whether these changes exist prior to the onset of the disease. METHODS We used a newly developed resting-state functional connectivity (FC)-based gradient approach to evaluate the principal functional gradient in individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression (CVD) and healthy controls (HC). We further examined the associations between CVD-related alterations in the principal connectome gradient with multiple cognitive behavioral variables. RESULTS Individuals with CVD showed significantly lower functional gradient scores in the left ventral insular gyrus than HC. The left ventral insular gyrus gradient score was positively correlated with the total attentional control scale as well as the dimension of attentional control. The left ventral insular gyrus gradient score was negatively correlated with the total BHS scale, the dimension of expectations, the total RRS scale, and the depression-related dimension. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results indicate that alterations in the principal functional gradient in individuals with CVD might be a biomarker of cognitive vulnerability to MDD, and the alterations may exist prior to the onset of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglu Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Jinhong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Fadaie F, Lee HM, Caldairou B, Gill RS, Sziklas V, Crane J, Bernhardt BC, Hong SJ, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N. Atypical functional connectome hierarchy impacts cognition in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2589-2603. [PMID: 34490890 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is typically associated with hippocampal pathology. However, widespread network alterations are increasingly recognized and suggested to perturb cognitive function in multiple domains. Here we tested (1) whether TLE shows atypical cortical hierarchical organization, differentiating sensory and higher order systems; and (2) whether atypical hierarchy predicts cognitive impairment. METHODS We studied 72 well-characterized drug-resistant TLE patients and 41 healthy controls, statistically matched for age and sex, using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analysis and cognitive testing. To model cortical hierarchical organization in vivo, we used a bidirectional stepwise functional connectivity analysis tapping into the differentiation between sensory/unimodal and paralimbic/transmodal cortices. Linear models compared patients to controls. Finally, we assessed associations of functional anomalies to cortical atrophy and microstructural anomalies, as well as clinical and cognitive parameters. RESULTS Compared to controls, TLE presented with bidirectional disruptions of sensory-paralimbic functional organization. Stepwise connectivity remained segregated within paralimbic and salience networks at the top of the hierarchy, and sensorimotor and dorsal attention at the bottom. Whereas paralimbic segregation was associated with atypical cortical myeloarchitecture and hippocampal atrophy, dysconnectivity of sensorimotor cortices reflected diffuse cortical thinning. The degree of abnormal hierarchical organization in sensory-petal streams covaried, with broad cognitive impairments spanning sensorimotor, attention, fluency, and visuoconstructional ability and memory, and was more marked in patients with longer disease duration and Engel I outcome. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings show atypical functional integration between paralimbic/transmodal and sensory/unimodal systems in TLE. Differential associations with paralimbic microstructure and sensorimotor atrophy suggest that system-level imbalance likely reflects complementary structural processes, but ultimately accounts for a broad spectrum of cognitive impairments. Hierarchical contextualization of cognitive deficits promises to open new avenues for personalized counseling in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fadaie
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hyo M Lee
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Caldairou
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ravnoor S Gill
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Viviane Sziklas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joelle Crane
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Medical Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Jabbi M. Hyper connective pathways inter-linking transmodal cortical systems. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118185. [PMID: 34015485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mbemba Jabbi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) Dell Medical School; Mulva Clinics for the Neurosciences, UT Austin Dell Medical School; Institute for Neuroscience, UT Austin; Department of Psychology, UT Austin; Center for Learning and Memory, UT Austin, United States.
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24
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McGonigal A, Bartolomei F, Chauvel P. On seizure semiology. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2019-2035. [PMID: 34247399 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical expression of seizures represents the main symptomatic burden of epilepsy. Neural mechanisms of semiologic production in epilepsy, especially for complex behaviors, remain poorly known. In a framework of epilepsy as a network rather than as a focal disorder, we can think of semiology as being dynamically produced by a set of interconnected structures, in which specific rhythmic interactions, and not just anatomical localization, are likely to play an important part in clinical expression. This requires a paradigm shift in how we think about seizure organization, including from a presurgical evaluation perspective. Semiology is a key data source, albeit with significant methodological challenges for its use in research, including observer bias and choice of semiologic categories. Better understanding of semiologic categorization and pathophysiological correlates is relevant to seizure classification systems. Advances in knowledge of neural mechanisms as well as anatomic correlates of different semiologic patterns could help improve knowledge of epilepsy networks and potentially contribute to therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen McGonigal
- Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Clinical Neurophysiology, APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Clinical Neurophysiology, APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chauvel
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Tucker DM, Luu P. Motive control of unconscious inference: The limbic base of adaptive Bayes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:328-345. [PMID: 34129851 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current computational models of neocortical processing, described as predictive coding theory, are providing new ways of understanding Helmholtz's classical insight that perception cannot proceed in a data-driven fashion, but instead requires unconscious inference based on prior experience. Predictive coding is a Bayesian process, in which the operations at each lower level of the cortical hierarchy are predicted by prior projections of expectancies from a higher level, and are then updated by error-correction with lower level evidence. To generalize the predictive coding model to the human neocortex as a whole requires aligning the Bayesian negotiation of prior expectancies with sensory and motor evidence not only within the connectional architecture of the neocortex (primary sensory/motor, unimodal association areas, and heteromodal association areas) but also with the limbic cortex that forms the base for the adaptive control of the heteromodal areas and thereby the cerebral hemisphere as a whole. By reviewing the current evidence on the anatomy of the human corticolimbic connectivity (now formalized as the Structural Model) we address the problem of how limbic cortex resonates to the homeostatic, personal significance of events to provide Bayesian priors to organize the operations of predictive coding across the multiple levels of the neocortex. By reviewing both classical evidence and current models of control exerted between limbic and neocortical networks, we suggest a neuropsychological theory of human cognition, the adaptive Bayes process model, in which prior expectancies are not simply rationalized propositions, but rather affectively-charged expectancies that bias the interpretation of sensory data and action affordances to support allostasis, the motive control of expectancies for future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don M Tucker
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, University of Oregon, United States.
| | - Phan Luu
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, University of Oregon, United States
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26
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Fronto-parietal homotopy in resting-state functional connectivity predicts task-switching performance. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:655-672. [PMID: 34106305 PMCID: PMC8843912 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Homotopic functional connectivity reflects the degree of synchrony in spontaneous activity between homologous voxels in the two hemispheres. Previous studies have associated increased brain homotopy and decreased white matter integrity with performance decrements on different cognitive tasks across the life-span. Here, we correlated functional homotopy, both at the whole-brain level and specifically in fronto-parietal network nodes, with task-switching performance in young adults. Cue-to-target intervals (CTI: 300 vs. 1200 ms) were manipulated on a trial-by-trial basis to modulate cognitive demands and strategic control. We found that mixing costs, a measure of task-set maintenance and monitoring, were significantly correlated to homotopy in different nodes of the fronto-parietal network depending on CTI. In particular, mixing costs for short CTI trials were smaller with lower homotopy in the superior frontal gyrus, whereas mixing costs for long CTI trials were smaller with lower homotopy in the supramarginal gyrus. These results were specific to the fronto-parietal network, as similar voxel-wise analyses within a control language network did not yield significant correlations with behavior. These findings extend previous literature on the relationship between homotopy and cognitive performance to task-switching, and show a dissociable role of homotopy in different fronto-parietal nodes depending on task demands.
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27
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Rushmore RJ, Bouix S, Kubicki M, Rathi Y, Rosene DL, Yeterian EH, Makris N. MRI-based Parcellation and Morphometry of the Individual Rhesus Monkey Brain: the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), a translational system referencing a standardized ontology. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1589-1621. [PMID: 32960419 PMCID: PMC8608281 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) brain have shed light on the function and organization of the primate brain at a scale and resolution not yet possible in humans. A cornerstone of the linkage between non-human primate and human studies of the brain is magnetic resonance imaging, which allows for an association to be made between the detailed structural and physiological analysis of the non-human primate and that of the human brain. To further this end, we present a novel parcellation method and system for the rhesus monkey brain, referred to as the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), which is based on the human Harvard-Oxford Atlas (HOA) and grounded in an ontological and taxonomic framework. Consistent anatomical features were used to delimit and parcellate brain regions in the macaque, which were then categorized according to functional systems. This system of parcellation will be expanded with advances in technology and, like the HOA, will provide a framework upon which the results from other experimental studies (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), physiology, connectivity, graph theory) can be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward H Yeterian
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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28
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Matheson HE, Garcea FE, Buxbaum LJ. Scene context shapes category representational geometry during processing of tools. Cortex 2021; 141:1-15. [PMID: 34020166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tools are ubiquitous in human environments and to think about them we use concepts. Increasingly, conceptual representation is thought to be dynamic and sensitive to the goals of the observer. Indeed, observer goals can reshape representational geometry within cortical networks supporting concepts. In the present study, we investigated the novel hypothesis that task-irrelevant scene context may implicitly alter the representational geometry of regions within the tool network. Participants performed conceptual judgments on images of tools embedded in scenes that either suggested their use (i.e., a kitchen timer sitting on a kitchen counter with vegetables in a frying pan) or that they would simply be moved (i.e., a kitchen timer sitting in an open drawer with other miscellaneous kitchen items around). We investigated whether representations in the tool network reflect category, grip, and shape information using a representational similarity analysis (RSA). We show that a) a number of regions of the tool network reflect category information about tools and b) category information predicts patterns in supramarginal gyrus more strongly in use contexts than in move contexts. Together, these results show that information about tool category is distributed across different regions of the tool network and that scene context helps shape the representational geometry of the tool network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath E Matheson
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
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29
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Weiller C, Reisert M, Peto I, Hennig J, Makris N, Petrides M, Rijntjes M, Egger K. The ventral pathway of the human brain: A continuous association tract system. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117977. [PMID: 33757905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain hemispheres can be divided into an upper dorsal and a lower ventral system. Each system consists of distinct cortical regions connected via long association tracts. The tracts cross the central sulcus or the limen insulae to connect the frontal lobe with the posterior brain. The dorsal stream is associated with sensorimotor mapping. The ventral stream serves structural analysis and semantics in different domains, as visual, acoustic or space processing. How does the prefrontal cortex, regarded as the platform for the highest level of integration, incorporate information from these different domains? In the current view, the ventral pathway consists of several separate tracts, related to different modalities. Originally the assumption was that the ventral path is a continuum, covering all modalities. The latter would imply a very different anatomical basis for cognitive and clinical models of processing. To further define the ventral connections, we used cutting-edge in vivo global tractography on high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 100 normal subjects from the human connectome project and ex vivo preparation of fiber bundles in the extreme capsule of 8 humans using the Klingler technique. Our data showed that ventral stream tracts, traversing through the extreme capsule, form a continuous band of fibers that fan out anteriorly to the prefrontal cortex, and posteriorly to temporal, occipital and parietal cortical regions. Introduction of additional volumes of interest in temporal and occipital lobes differentiated between the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle (IFOF) and uncinate fascicle (UF). Unequivocally, in both experiments, in all subjects a connection between the inferior frontal and middle-to-posterior temporal cortical region, otherwise known as the temporo-frontal extreme capsule fascicle (ECF) from nonhuman primate brain-tracing experiments was identified. In the human brain, this tract connects the language domains of "Broca's area" and "Wernicke's area". The differentiation in the three tracts, IFOF, UF and ECF seems arbitrary, all three pass through the extreme capsule. Our data show that the ventral pathway represents a continuum. The three tracts merge seamlessly and streamlines showed considerable overlap in their anterior and posterior course. Terminal maps identified prefrontal cortex in the frontal lobe and association cortex in temporal, occipital and parietal lobes as streamline endings. This anatomical substrate potentially facilitates the prefrontal cortex to integrate information across different domains and modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Weiller
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Peto
- Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikos Makris
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Psychiatric Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Rijntjes
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl Egger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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30
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Gefen T, Kawles A, Makowski-Woidan B, Engelmeyer J, Ayala I, Abbassian P, Zhang H, Weintraub S, Flanagan ME, Mao Q, Bigio EH, Rogalski E, Mesulam MM, Geula C. Paucity of Entorhinal Cortex Pathology of the Alzheimer's Type in SuperAgers with Superior Memory Performance. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3177-3183. [PMID: 33592091 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is typically associated with declining memory capacity and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Markers of AD such as amyloid plaques (AP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are commonly found in the brains of cognitively average elderly but in more limited distribution than in those at the mild cognitive impairment and dementia stages of AD. Cognitive SuperAgers are individuals over age 80 who show superior memory capacity, at a level consistent with individuals 20-30 years their junior. Using a stereological approach, the current study quantitated the presence of AD markers in the memory-associated entorhinal cortex (ERC) of seven SuperAgers compared with six age-matched cognitively average normal control individuals. Amyloid plaques and NFTs were visualized using Thioflavin-S histofluorescence, 6E10, and PHF-1 immunohistochemistry. Unbiased stereological analysis revealed significantly more NFTs in ERC in cognitively average normal controls compared with SuperAgers (P < 0.05) by a difference of ~3-fold. There were no significant differences in plaque density. To highlight relative magnitude, cases with typical amnestic dementia of AD showed nearly 100 times more entorhinal NFTs than SuperAgers. The results suggest that resistance to age-related neurofibrillary degeneration in the ERC may be one factor contributing to preserved memory in SuperAgers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Allegra Kawles
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Beth Makowski-Woidan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Janessa Engelmeyer
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ivan Ayala
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Payam Abbassian
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - M Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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31
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Zarkali A, McColgan P, Leyland LA, Lees AJ, Rees G, Weil RS. Organisational and neuromodulatory underpinnings of structural-functional connectivity decoupling in patients with Parkinson's disease. Commun Biol 2021; 4:86. [PMID: 33469150 PMCID: PMC7815846 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's dementia is characterised by changes in perception and thought, and preceded by visual dysfunction, making this a useful surrogate for dementia risk. Structural and functional connectivity changes are seen in humans with Parkinson's disease, but the organisational principles are not known. We used resting-state fMRI and diffusion-weighted imaging to examine changes in structural-functional connectivity coupling in patients with Parkinson's disease, and those at risk of dementia. We identified two organisational gradients to structural-functional connectivity decoupling: anterior-to-posterior and unimodal-to-transmodal, with stronger structural-functional connectivity coupling in anterior, unimodal areas and weakened towards posterior, transmodal regions. Next, we related spatial patterns of decoupling to expression of neurotransmitter receptors. We found that dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission relates to decoupling in Parkinson's overall, but instead, serotonergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic transmission relates to decoupling in patients with visual dysfunction. Our findings provide a framework to explain the specific disorders of consciousness in Parkinson's dementia, and the neurotransmitter systems that underlie these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Zarkali
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
| | - Peter McColgan
- Huntington's Disease Centre, University College London, Russell Square House, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Louise-Ann Leyland
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Andrew J Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Geraint Rees
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17-19 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Rimona S Weil
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
- Movement Disorders Consortium, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Abstract
Due to the growing number of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) cases in the military and contact sports, defining the cellular and molecular substrate of this disorder is crucial. Most classic neuropathological investigations describe cortical tau and, to a lesser extent, amyloid lesions, which may underlie the clinical sequela associated with CTE. The application of modern molecular biologic technology to postmortem human brain tissue has made it possible to evaluate the genetic signature of specific neuronal phenotypes at different stages of CTE pathology. Most recently, molecular pathobiology has been used in the field of CTE, with an emphasis on the cholinergic neurons located within the nucleus basalis of Meynert, which develop tau pathology and are associated with cognitive dysfunction similar to that found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Quantitative findings derived from single-cell transcript investigations provide clues to our understanding of the selective vulnerability of neurons containing AD-like tau pathology at different stages of CTE. Since human tissue-based studies provide a gold standard for the field of CTE, continued molecular pathological studies are needed to reveal novel drug targets for the treatment of this disorder.
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Dong D, Luo C, Guell X, Wang Y, He H, Duan M, Eickhoff SB, Yao D. Compression of Cerebellar Functional Gradients in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1282-1295. [PMID: 32144421 PMCID: PMC7505192 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of cerebellar involvement in brain disorders has evolved from motor processing to high-level cognitive and affective processing. Recent neuroscience progress has highlighted hierarchy as a fundamental principle for the brain organization. Despite substantial research on cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia, there is a need to establish a neurobiological framework to better understand the co-occurrence and interaction of low- and high-level functional abnormalities of cerebellum in schizophrenia. To help to establish such a framework, we investigated the abnormalities in the distribution of sensorimotor-supramodal hierarchical processing topography in the cerebellum and cerebellar-cerebral circuits in schizophrenia using a novel gradient-based resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analysis (96 patients with schizophrenia vs 120 healthy controls). We found schizophrenia patients showed a compression of the principal motor-to-supramodal gradient. Specifically, there were increased gradient values in sensorimotor regions and decreased gradient values in supramodal regions, resulting in a shorter distance (compression) between the sensorimotor and supramodal poles of this gradient. This pattern was observed in intra-cerebellar, cerebellar-cerebral, and cerebral-cerebellar FC. Further investigation revealed hyper-connectivity between sensorimotor and cognition areas within cerebellum, between cerebellar sensorimotor and cerebral cognition areas, and between cerebellar cognition and cerebral sensorimotor areas, possibly contributing to the observed compressed pattern. These findings present a novel mechanism that may underlie the co-occurrence and interaction of low- and high-level functional abnormalities of cerebellar and cerebro-cerebellar circuits in schizophrenia. Within this framework of abnormal motor-to-supramodal organization, a cascade of impairments stemming from disrupted low-level sensorimotor system may in part account for high-level cognitive cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xavier Guell
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yulin Wang
- Faculty of Psychological and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hui He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Zhang J, Scholtens LH, Wei Y, van den Heuvel MP, Chanes L, Barrett LF. Topography Impacts Topology: Anatomically Central Areas Exhibit a "High-Level Connector" Profile in the Human Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:1357-1365. [PMID: 31504277 PMCID: PMC7132940 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Degree centrality is a widely used measure in complex networks. Within the brain, degree relates to other topological features, with high-degree nodes (i.e., hubs) exhibiting high betweenness centrality, participation coefficient, and within-module z-score. However, increasing evidence from neuroanatomical and predictive processing literature suggests that topological properties of a brain network may also be impacted by topography, that is, anatomical (spatial) distribution. More specifically, cortical limbic areas (agranular and dysgranular cortices), which occupy an anatomically central position, have been proposed to be topologically central and well suited to initiate predictions in the cerebral cortex. We estimated anatomical centrality and showed that it positively correlated with betweenness centrality, participation coefficient, and communicability, analogously to degree. In contrast to degree, however, anatomical centrality negatively correlated with within-module z-score. Our data suggest that degree centrality and anatomical centrality reflect distinct contributions to cortical organization. Whereas degree would be more related to the amount of information integration performed by an area, anatomical centrality would be more related to an area's position in the predictive hierarchy. Highly anatomically central areas may function as "high-level connectors," integrating already highly integrated information across modules. These results are consistent with a high-level, domain-general limbic workspace, integrated by highly anatomically central cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lianne H Scholtens
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yongbin Wei
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Chanes
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology-Serra Húnter Programme, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Badcock PB, Friston KJ, Ramstead MJD, Ploeger A, Hohwy J. The hierarchically mechanistic mind: an evolutionary systems theory of the human brain, cognition, and behavior. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 19:1319-1351. [PMID: 31115833 PMCID: PMC6861365 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to integrate leading paradigms in psychology and neuroscience with a theory of the embodied, situated human brain, called the Hierarchically Mechanistic Mind (HMM). The HMM describes the brain as a complex adaptive system that functions to minimize the entropy of our sensory and physical states via action-perception cycles generated by hierarchical neural dynamics. First, we review the extant literature on the hierarchical structure of the brain. Next, we derive the HMM from a broader evolutionary systems theory that explains neural structure and function in terms of dynamic interactions across four nested levels of biological causation (i.e., adaptation, phylogeny, ontogeny, and mechanism). We then describe how the HMM aligns with a global brain theory in neuroscience called the free-energy principle, leveraging this theory to mathematically formulate neural dynamics across hierarchical spatiotemporal scales. We conclude by exploring the implications of the HMM for psychological inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Badcock
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maxwell J D Ramstead
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Philosophy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annemie Ploeger
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Cognition & Philosophy Lab, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Badcock PB, Friston KJ, Ramstead MJD. The hierarchically mechanistic mind: A free-energy formulation of the human psyche. Phys Life Rev 2019; 31:104-121. [PMID: 30704846 PMCID: PMC6941235 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a unifying theory of the embodied, situated human brain called the Hierarchically Mechanistic Mind (HMM). The HMM describes the brain as a complex adaptive system that actively minimises the decay of our sensory and physical states by producing self-fulfilling action-perception cycles via dynamical interactions between hierarchically organised neurocognitive mechanisms. This theory synthesises the free-energy principle (FEP) in neuroscience with an evolutionary systems theory of psychology that explains our brains, minds, and behaviour by appealing to Tinbergen's four questions: adaptation, phylogeny, ontogeny, and mechanism. After leveraging the FEP to formally define the HMM across different spatiotemporal scales, we conclude by exploring its implications for theorising and research in the sciences of the mind and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Badcock
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia; Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N3BG, UK
| | - Maxwell J D Ramstead
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N3BG, UK; Department of Philosophy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2T7, Canada; Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
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37
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Murphy C, Rueschemeyer SA, Smallwood J, Jefferies E. Imagining Sounds and Images: Decoding the Contribution of Unimodal and Transmodal Brain Regions to Semantic Retrieval in the Absence of Meaningful Input. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1599-1616. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of sensory information, we can generate meaningful images and sounds from representations in memory. However, it remains unclear which neural systems underpin this process and whether tasks requiring the top–down generation of different kinds of features recruit similar or different neural networks. We asked people to internally generate the visual and auditory features of objects, either in isolation (car, dog) or in specific and complex meaning-based contexts (car/dog race). Using an fMRI decoding approach, in conjunction with functional connectivity analysis, we examined the role of auditory/visual cortex and transmodal brain regions. Conceptual retrieval in the absence of external input recruited sensory and transmodal cortex. The response in transmodal regions—including anterior middle temporal gyrus—was of equal magnitude for visual and auditory features yet nevertheless captured modality information in the pattern of response across voxels. In contrast, sensory regions showed greater activation for modality-relevant features in imagination (even when external inputs did not differ). These data are consistent with the view that transmodal regions support internally generated experiences and that they play a role in integrating perceptual features encoded in memory.
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Bayrak Ş, Khalil AA, Villringer K, Fiebach JB, Villringer A, Margulies DS, Ovadia-Caro S. The impact of ischemic stroke on connectivity gradients. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:101947. [PMID: 31376644 PMCID: PMC6676042 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The functional organization of the brain can be represented as a low-dimensional space that reflects its macroscale hierarchy. The dimensions of this space, described as connectivity gradients, capture the similarity of areas' connections along a continuous space. Studying how pathological perturbations with known effects on functional connectivity affect these connectivity gradients provides support for their biological relevance. Previous work has shown that localized lesions cause widespread functional connectivity alterations in structurally intact areas, affecting a network of interconnected regions. By using acute stroke as a model of the effects of focal lesions on the connectome, we apply the connectivity gradient framework to depict how functional reorganization occurs throughout the brain, unrestricted by traditional definitions of functional network boundaries. We define a three-dimensional connectivity space template based on functional connectivity data from healthy controls. By projecting lesion locations into this space, we demonstrate that ischemic strokes result in dimension-specific alterations in functional connectivity over the first week after symptom onset. Specifically, changes in functional connectivity were captured along connectivity Gradients 1 and 3. The degree of functional connectivity change was associated with the distance from the lesion along these connectivity gradients (a measure of functional similarity) regardless of the anatomical distance from the lesion. Together, these results provide support for the biological validity of connectivity gradients and suggest a novel framework to characterize connectivity alterations after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Bayrak
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig and Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kersten Villringer
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen B Fiebach
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig and Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.
| | - Smadar Ovadia-Caro
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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39
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Altered predictive contextual processing of emotional faces versus abstract stimuli in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:963-975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Manca R, Stabile MR, Bevilacqua F, Cadorin C, Piccione F, Sharrack B, Venneri A. Cognitive speed and white matter integrity in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 30:198-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
In response to Dr. Corlett's paper regarding the two factor theory of delusional misidentifications, I discuss further evidence that VMPFC damaged patients do not have an isolated factor 1 defect. I then discuss more broadly the limitations in the modular view of brain function that leads to the 2-factor theory. Finally, I propose a connectionist based interpretation of delusional misidentifications that better fits with the clinical data from patients with focal brain lesions showing how these lesion locations relate to complex brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ryan Darby
- a Department of Neurology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
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Paquola C, Vos De Wael R, Wagstyl K, Bethlehem RAI, Hong SJ, Seidlitz J, Bullmore ET, Evans AC, Misic B, Margulies DS, Smallwood J, Bernhardt BC. Microstructural and functional gradients are increasingly dissociated in transmodal cortices. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000284. [PMID: 31107870 PMCID: PMC6544318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While the role of cortical microstructure in organising neural function is well established, it remains unclear how structural constraints can give rise to more flexible elements of cognition. While nonhuman primate research has demonstrated a close structure-function correspondence, the relationship between microstructure and function remains poorly understood in humans, in part because of the reliance on post mortem analyses, which cannot be directly related to functional data. To overcome this barrier, we developed a novel approach to model the similarity of microstructural profiles sampled in the direction of cortical columns. Our approach was initially formulated based on an ultra-high-resolution 3D histological reconstruction of an entire human brain and then translated to myelin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in a large cohort of healthy adults. This novel method identified a system-level gradient of microstructural differentiation traversing from primary sensory to limbic regions that followed shifts in laminar differentiation and cytoarchitectural complexity. Importantly, while microstructural and functional gradients described a similar hierarchy, they became increasingly dissociated in transmodal default mode and fronto-parietal networks. Meta-analytic decoding of these topographic dissociations highlighted involvement in higher-level aspects of cognition, such as cognitive control and social cognition. Our findings demonstrate a relative decoupling of macroscale functional from microstructural gradients in transmodal regions, which likely contributes to the flexible role these regions play in human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Paquola
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Reinder Vos De Wael
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Konrad Wagstyl
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard A. I. Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Brain Mapping Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan C. Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Boris C. Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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43
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Xu T, Sturgeon D, Ramirez JSB, Froudist-Walsh S, Margulies DS, Schroeder CE, Fair DA, Milham MP. Interindividual Variability of Functional Connectivity in Awake and Anesthetized Rhesus Macaque Monkeys. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:543-553. [PMID: 31072758 PMCID: PMC7063583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nonhuman primate (NHP) models are commonly used to advance our understanding of brain function and organization. However, to date, they have offered few insights into individual differences among NHPs. In large part, this is due to the logistical challenges of NHP research, which limit most studies to 5 subjects or fewer. METHODS: We leveraged the availability of a large-scale open NHP imaging resource to provide an initial examination of individual differences in the functional organization of the NHP brain. Specifically, we selected one awake functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (Newcastle University: n = 10) and two anesthetized functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets (Oxford University: n = 19; University of California, Davis: n = 19) to examine individual differences in functional connectivity characteristics across the cortex as well as potential state dependencies. RESULTS: We noted significant individual variations of functional connectivity across the macaque cortex. Similar to the findings in humans, during the awake state, the primary sensory and motor cortices showed lower variability than the high-order association regions. This variability pattern was significantly correlated with T1-weighted and T2-weighted mapping and degree of long-distance connectivity, but not short-distance connectivity. The interindividual variability under anesthesia exhibited a very distinct pattern, with lower variability in medial frontal cortex, precuneus, and somatomotor regions and higher variability in the lateral ventral frontal and insular cortices. CONCLUSIONS: This work has implications for our understanding of the evolutionary origins of individual variation in the human brain and methodological implications that must be considered in any pursuit to study individual variation in NHP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York.
| | - Darrick Sturgeon
- Department of Behavior Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Julian S B Ramirez
- Department of Behavior Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Daniel S Margulies
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; Translational Neuroscience Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavior Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
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44
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Hong SJ, Vos de Wael R, Bethlehem RAI, Lariviere S, Paquola C, Valk SL, Milham MP, Di Martino A, Margulies DS, Smallwood J, Bernhardt BC. Atypical functional connectome hierarchy in autism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 30833582 PMCID: PMC6399265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One paradox of autism is the co-occurrence of deficits in sensory and higher-order socio-cognitive processing. Here, we examined whether these phenotypical patterns may relate to an overarching system-level imbalance-specifically a disruption in macroscale hierarchy affecting integration and segregation of unimodal and transmodal networks. Combining connectome gradient and stepwise connectivity analysis based on task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrated atypical connectivity transitions between sensory and higher-order default mode regions in a large cohort of individuals with autism relative to typically-developing controls. Further analyses indicated that reduced differentiation related to perturbed stepwise connectivity from sensory towards transmodal areas, as well as atypical long-range rich-club connectivity. Supervised pattern learning revealed that hierarchical features predicted deficits in social cognition and low-level behavioral symptoms, but not communication-related symptoms. Our findings provide new evidence for imbalances in network hierarchy in autism, which offers a parsimonious reference frame to consolidate its diverse features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jun Hong
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, H3A2B4, Montreal, Canada.
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, 10022, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Reinder Vos de Wael
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, H3A2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard A I Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CB28AH, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Lariviere
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, H3A2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Casey Paquola
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, H3A2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, 10022, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, 10962, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Margulies
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | | | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, H3A2B4, Montreal, Canada.
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Scarpazza C, Ferracuti S, Miolla A, Sartori G. The charm of structural neuroimaging in insanity evaluations: guidelines to avoid misinterpretation of the findings. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:227. [PMID: 30367031 PMCID: PMC6203853 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the popularity of structural neuroimaging techniques in twenty-first-century research, its results have had limited translational impact in real-world settings, where inferences need to be made at the individual level. Structural neuroimaging methods are now introduced frequently to aid in assessing defendants for insanity in criminal forensic evaluations, with the aim of providing "convergence" of evidence on the mens rea of the defendant. This approach may provide pivotal support for judges' decisions. Although neuroimaging aims to reduce uncertainty and controversies in legal settings and to increase the objectivity of criminal rulings, the application of structural neuroimaging in forensic settings is hampered by cognitive biases in the evaluation of evidence that lead to misinterpretation of the imaging results. It is thus increasingly important to have clear guidelines on the correct ways to apply and interpret neuroimaging evidence. In the current paper, we review the literature concerning structural neuroimaging in court settings with the aim of identifying rules for its correct application and interpretation. These rules, which aim to decrease the risk of biases, focus on the importance of (i) descriptive diagnoses, (ii) anatomo-clinical correlation, (iii) brain plasticity and (iv) avoiding logical fallacies, such as reverse inference. In addition, through the analysis of real forensic cases, we describe errors frequently observed due to incorrect interpretations of imaging. Clear guidelines for both the correct circumstances for introducing neuroimaging and its eventual interpretation are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scarpazza
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychosis and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - S Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - A Miolla
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - G Sartori
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Athletes versus video game players: A predictive contextual processing study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:156-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Weber R, Alicea B, Huskey R, Mathiak K. Network Dynamics of Attention During a Naturalistic Behavioral Paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:182. [PMID: 29780313 PMCID: PMC5946671 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the dynamics of attention during continuous, naturalistic interactions in a video game. Specifically, the effect of repeated distraction on a continuous primary task is related to a functional model of network connectivity. We introduce the Non-linear Attentional Saturation Hypothesis (NASH), which predicts that effective connectivity within attentional networks increases non-linearly with decreasing distraction over time, and exhibits dampening at critical parameter values. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected using a naturalistic behavioral paradigm coupled with an interactive video game is used to test the hypothesis. As predicted, connectivity in pre-defined regions corresponding to attentional networks increases as distraction decreases. Moreover, the functional relationship between connectivity and distraction is convex, that is, network connectivity somewhat increases as distraction decreases during the continuous primary task, however, connectivity increases considerably as distraction falls below critical levels. This result characterizes the non-linear pattern of connectivity within attentional networks, particularly with respect to their dynamics during behavior. These results are also summarized in the form of a network structure analysis, which underscores the role of various nodes in regulating the global network state. In conclusion, we situate the implications of this research in the context of cognitive complexity and an emerging theory of flow during media exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Weber
- Media Neuroscience Lab, Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Bradly Alicea
- Orthogonal Research and Teaching Laboratory, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Richard Huskey
- Cognitive Communication Science Lab, School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
Psychological research on emotion perception anchors heavily on an object perception analogy. We present static “cues,” such as facial expressions, as objects for perceivers to categorize. Yet in the real world, emotions play out as dynamic multidimensional events. Current theoretical approaches and research methods are limited in their ability to capture this complexity. We draw on insights from a predictive coding account of neural activity and a grounded cognition account of concept representation to conceive of emotion perception as a stream of synchronized conceptualizations between two individuals, which is supported and shaped by language. We articulate how this framework can illuminate the fundamental need to study culture, as well as other sources of conceptual variation, in unpacking conceptual synchrony in emotion. We close by suggesting that the conceptual system provides the necessary flexibility to overcome gaps in emotional synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gendron
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
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Bouyssi-Kobar M, Brossard-Racine M, Jacobs M, Murnick J, Chang T, Limperopoulos C. Regional microstructural organization of the cerebral cortex is affected by preterm birth. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:871-880. [PMID: 29876271 PMCID: PMC5988027 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To compare regional cerebral cortical microstructural organization between preterm infants at term-equivalent age (TEA) and healthy full-term newborns, and to examine the impact of clinical risk factors on cerebral cortical micro-organization in the preterm cohort. Study design We prospectively enrolled very preterm infants (gestational age (GA) at birth<32 weeks; birthweight<1500 g) and healthy full-term controls. Using non-invasive 3T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, we quantified regional micro-organization in ten cerebral cortical areas: medial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex, insula, posterior parietal cortex, motor/somatosensory/auditory/visual cortex. ANCOVA analyses were performed controlling for sex and postmenstrual age at MRI. Results We studied 91 preterm infants at TEA and 69 full-term controls. Preterm infants demonstrated significantly higher diffusivity in the prefrontal, parietal, motor, somatosensory, and visual cortices suggesting delayed maturation of these cortical areas. Additionally, postnatal hydrocortisone treatment was related to accelerated microstructural organization in the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices. Conclusions Preterm birth alters regional microstructural organization of the cerebral cortex in both neurocognitive brain regions and areas with primary sensory/motor functions. We also report for the first time a potential protective effect of postnatal hydrocortisone administration on cerebral cortical development in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bouyssi-Kobar
- The Developing Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Marie Brossard-Racine
- Department of Pediatrics Neurology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A3J1, Canada.
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Jonathan Murnick
- The Developing Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Taeun Chang
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- The Developing Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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50
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Processing of implicit versus explicit predictive contextual information in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2018; 109:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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