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Miller AP, Gizer IR. Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of impulsive personality traits: neurogenetic evidence of distinct but related factors. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1533-1543. [PMID: 38016992 PMCID: PMC11132950 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-systems models, positing an interaction between two distinct and competing systems (i.e. top-down self-control, and bottom-up reward- or emotion-based drive), provide a parsimonious framework for investigating the interplay between cortical and subcortical brain regions relevant to impulsive personality traits (IPTs) and their associations with psychopathology. Despite recent developments in multivariate analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), molecular genetic investigations of these models have not been conducted. METHODS Using IPT GWAS, we conducted confirmatory genomic structural equation models (GenomicSEM) to empirically evaluate dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs. Genetic correlations between dual-systems factors and relevant cortical and subcortical neuroimaging phenotypes (regional/structural volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness) were estimated and compared. RESULTS GenomicSEM dual-systems models underscored important sources of shared and unique genetic variance between top-down and bottom-up constructs. Specifically, a dual-systems genomic model consisting of sensation seeking and lack of self-control factors demonstrated distinct but related sources of genetic influences (rg = 0.60). Genetic correlation analyses provided evidence of differential associations between dual-systems factors and cortical neuroimaging phenotypes (e.g. lack of self-control negatively associated with cortical thickness, sensation seeking positively associated with cortical surface area). No significant associations were observed with subcortical phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs tested were consistent with study hypotheses, but associations with relevant neuroimaging phenotypes were mixed (e.g. no associations with subcortical volumes). Findings demonstrate the utility of dual-systems models for studying IPT genetic influences, but also highlight potential limitations as a framework for interpreting IPTs as endophenotypes for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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2
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Wei L, Ding F, Gong M, Baeken C, Wu GR. The impact of sensation seeking personality trait on acute alcohol-induced disinhibition. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110907. [PMID: 37523917 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute alcohol-related behavioral disinhibition has been well studied. But whether individual differences in the personality trait sensation seeking affect alcohol-induced behavioral disinhibition remains uncertain. METHODS The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique and a response inhibition task (i.e., Go/No-Go) to determine the impact of the sensation seeking trait on the relationship between acute alcohol administration and inhibitory control capacity, and further investigate the neural mechanisms underlying this behavioral effect. Twenty-five high-sensation seekers and twenty-six low-sensation seekers were enrolled in this study. These participants attended two sessions: once for alcohol intake (0.5g/kg) and once for placebo intake (0g/kg). RESULTS Our results showed that high-sensation seekers relative to low-sensation seekers showed a significant decrease in inhibition accuracy under alcohol versus the placebo condition. Moreover, reduced prefrontal activity following acute alcohol consumption was more pronounced in high-sensation seekers compared with low-sensation seekers. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that alcohol-induced behavioral disinhibition was affected by the personality trait sensation seeking and that recruitment of the prefrontal cortex contributed to the observed behavioral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Wei
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fanxi Ding
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingliang Gong
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium; Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Morales AM, Gilbert S, Hart E, Jones SA, Boyd SJ, Mitchell SH, Nagel BJ. Alcohol-induced changes in mesostriatal resting-state functional connectivity are linked to sensation seeking in young adults. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:659-667. [PMID: 36799331 PMCID: PMC10149605 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in animals and humans suggest that greater levels of sensation seeking and alcohol use are related to individual differences in drug-induced dopamine release. However, it remains unclear whether drug-induced alterations in the functional synchrony between mesostriatal regions are related to sensation seeking and alcohol use. METHODS In this within-subject masked-design study, 21-year-old participants (n = 34) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure ventral tegmental area (VTA) resting-state functional connectivity to the striatum after receiving alcohol (target blood alcohol concentration 0.08 g/dL) or placebo. Participants also completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale to assess sensation seeking, the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, and self-reported patterns of alcohol and drug use. RESULTS Voxel-wise analyses within the striatum demonstrated that during the alcohol condition (compared with placebo) young adults had less connectivity between the VTA and bilateral caudate (p < 0.05 corrected). However, young adults exhibiting smaller alcohol-induced decreases or increases in VTA-left caudate connectivity reported greater sensation seeking. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel information about how acute alcohol impacts resting-state connectivity, an effect that may be driven by the complex pre and postsynaptic effects of alcohol on various neurotransmitters including dopamine. Further, alcohol-induced differences in VTA connectivity represent a plausible mechanistic substrate underlying sensation seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney Gilbert
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Elijah Hart
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Scott A. Jones
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Stephen J. Boyd
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Suzanne H. Mitchell
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University
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4
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Miller AP, Gizer IR. Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of impulsive personality traits: Neurogenetic evidence of distinct but related factors. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.10.23285725. [PMID: 36824800 PMCID: PMC9949186 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.23285725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Dual-systems models provide a parsimonious framework for understanding the interplay between cortical and subcortical brain regions relevant to impulsive personality traits (IPTs) and their associations with psychiatric disorders. Despite recent developments in multivariate analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), molecular genetic investigations of these models have not been conducted. Methods Using extant IPT GWAS, we conducted confirmatory genomic structural equation models (GenomicSEM) to empirically evaluate dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs. Genetic correlations between results of multivariate GWAS of dual-systems factors and GWAS of relevant cortical and subcortical neuroimaging phenotypes (regional/structural volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness) were calculated and compared. Results Evaluation of GenomicSEM model fit indices for dual-systems models suggested that these models highlight important sources of shared and unique genetic variance between top-down and bottom-up constructs. Specifically, a dual-systems genomic model consisting of sensation seeking and lack of self-control factors demonstrated distinct but related sources of genetic influences ( r g =.60). Genetic correlation analyses provided evidence of differential associations between dual-systems factors and cortical neuroimaging phenotypes (e.g., lack of self-control negatively associated with cortical thickness, sensation seeking positively associated with cortical surface area). However, no significant associations were observed for subcortical phenotypes inconsistent with hypothesized functional localization of dual-systems constructs. Conclusions Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs tested here demonstrate evidence of shared and unique genetic influences and associations with relevant neuroimaging phenotypes. These findings emphasize potential advantages in utilizing dual-systems models to study genetic influences for IPTs and transdiagnostic associations with psychiatric disorders.
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Yan H, Shlobin NA, Jung Y, Zhang KK, Warsi N, Kulkarni AV, Ibrahim GM. Nucleus accumbens: a systematic review of neural circuitry and clinical studies in healthy and pathological states. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:337-346. [PMID: 35901682 DOI: 10.3171/2022.5.jns212548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of the ventral striatum is critically involved in goal- and reward-based behavior. Structural and functional abnormalities of the NAcc or its associated neural systems are involved in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Studies of neural circuitry have shed light on the subtleties of the structural and functional derangements of the NAcc across various diseases. In this systematic review, the authors sought to identify human studies involving the NAcc and provide a synthesis of the literature on the known circuity of the NAcc in healthy and diseased states, as well as the clinical outcomes following neuromodulation. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Neuroimaging studies that reported on neural circuitry related to the human NAcc with sample sizes greater than 5 patients were included. Demographic data, aim, design and duration, participants, and clinical and neurocircuitry details and outcomes of the studies were extracted. RESULTS Of 3591 resultant articles, 123 were included. The NAcc and its corticolimbic connections to other brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, are largely involved in reward and pain processes, with distinct functional circuitry between the shell and core in healthy patients. There is heterogeneity between clinical studies with regard to the NAcc indirect targeting coordinates, methods for postoperative confirmation, and blinded trial design. Neuromodulation studies provided promising clinical results in the context of addiction and substance misuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and mood disorders. The most common complications were impaired memory or concentration, and a notable serious complication was hypomania. CONCLUSIONS The functional diversity of the NAcc highlights the importance of studying the NAcc in healthy and pathological states. The results of this review suggest that NAcc neuromodulation has been attempted in the management of diverse psychiatric indications. There is promising, emerging evidence that the NAcc may be an effective target for specific reward- or pain-based pathologies with a reasonable risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4McMaster Medical School, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Kristina K Zhang
- 5Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,6Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nebras Warsi
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Abhaya V Kulkarni
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,6Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Parr AC, Calabro F, Tervo-Clemmens B, Larsen B, Foran W, Luna B. Contributions of dopamine-related basal ganglia neurophysiology to the developmental effects of incentives on inhibitory control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101100. [PMID: 35344773 PMCID: PMC8961188 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control can be less reliable in adolescence, however, in the presence of rewards, adolescents' performance often improves to adult levels. Dopamine is known to play a role in signaling rewards and supporting cognition, but its role in the enhancing effects of reward on adolescent cognition and inhibitory control remains unknown. Here, we assessed the contribution of basal ganglia dopamine-related neurophysiology using longitudinal MR-based assessments of tissue iron in rewarded inhibitory control, using an antisaccade task. In line with prior work, we show that neutral performance improves with age, and incentives enhance performance in adolescents to that of adults. We find that basal ganglia tissue iron is associated with individual differences in the magnitude of this reward boost, which is strongest in those with high levels of tissue iron, predominantly in adolescence. Our results provide novel evidence that basal ganglia neurophysiology supports developmental effects of rewards on cognition, which can inform neurodevelopmental models of the role of dopamine in reward processing during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States.
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States
| | | | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 14213, United States.
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7
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Del Giacco AC, Jones SA, Morales AM, Kliamovich D, Nagel BJ. Adolescent novelty seeking is associated with greater ventral striatal and prefrontal brain response during evaluation of risk and reward. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:123-133. [PMID: 34342865 PMCID: PMC8792307 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period during which reward sensitivity is heightened. Studies suggest that there are individual differences in adolescent reward-seeking behavior, attributable to a variety of factors, including temperament. This study investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of risk and reward evaluation as they relate to self-reported pleasure derived from novel experiences on the revised Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ-R). Healthy participants (N = 265, ~50% male), aged 12-17 years, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a modified Wheel of Fortune task, where they evaluated choices with varying probability of winning different monetary rewards. Across all participants, there was increased brain response in salience, reward, and cognitive control circuitry when evaluating choices with larger (compared with moderate) difference in risk/reward. Whole brain and a priori region-of-interest regression analyses revealed that individuals reporting higher novelty seeking had greater activation in bilateral ventral striatum, left middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex when evaluating the choices for largest difference in risk/reward. These novelty seeking associations with brain response were seen in the absence of temperament-related differences in decision-making behavior. Thus, while heightened novelty seeking in adolescents might be associated with greater neural sensitivity to risk/reward, accompanying increased activation in cognitive control regions might regulate reward-driven risk-taking behavior. More research is needed to determine whether individual differences in brain activation associated with novelty seeking are related to decision making in more ecologically valid settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Del Giacco
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Angelica M Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dakota Kliamovich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road UHN-80R1, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road UHN-80R1, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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8
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Demidenko MI, Weigard AS, Ganesan K, Jang H, Jahn A, Huntley ED, Keating DP. Interactions between methodological and interindividual variability: How Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task contrast maps vary and impact associations with behavior. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02093. [PMID: 33750042 PMCID: PMC8119872 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenomena related to reward responsiveness have been extensively studied in their associations with substance use and socioemotional functioning. One important task in this literature is the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. By cueing and delivering performance-contingent reward, the MID task has been demonstrated to elicit robust activation of neural circuits involved in different phases of reward responsiveness. However, systematic evaluations of common MID task contrasts have been limited to between-study comparisons of group-level activation maps, limiting their ability to directly evaluate how researchers' choice of contrasts impacts conclusions about individual differences in reward responsiveness or brain-behavior associations. METHODS In a sample of 104 participants (Age Mean = 19.3, SD = 1.3), we evaluate similarities and differences between contrasts in: group- and individual-level activation maps using Jaccard's similarity index, region of interest (ROI) mean signal intensities using Pearson's r, and associations between ROI mean signal intensity and psychological measures using Bayesian correlation. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate more similarities than differences between win and loss cues during the anticipation contrast, dissimilarity between some win anticipation contrasts, an apparent deactivation effect in the outcome phase, likely stemming from the blood oxygen level-dependent undershoot, and behavioral associations that are less robust than previously reported. CONCLUSION Consistent with recent empirical findings, this work has practical implications for helping researchers interpret prior MID studies and make more informed a priori decisions about how their contrast choices may modify results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander S Weigard
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hyesue Jang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Jahn
- The Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward D Huntley
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel P Keating
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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9
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Forbes EE. Chasing the Holy Grail: Developmentally Informed Research on Frontostriatal Reward Circuitry in Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:660-662. [PMID: 32741286 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
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10
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Wan Z, Rolls ET, Cheng W, Feng J. Sensation-seeking is related to functional connectivities of the medial orbitofrontal cortex with the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116845. [PMID: 32289458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensation-seeking is a multifaceted personality trait with components that include experience-seeking, thrill and adventure seeking, disinhibition, and susceptibility to boredom, and is an aspect of impulsiveness. We analysed brain regions involved in sensation-seeking in a large-scale study with 414 participants and showed that the sensation-seeking score could be optimally predicted from the functional connectivity with typically (in different participants) 18 links between brain areas (measured in the resting state with fMRI) with correlation r = 0.34 (p = 7.3 × 10-13) between the predicted and actual sensation-seeking score across all participants. Interestingly, 8 of the 11 links that were common for all participants were between the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex and yielded a prediction accuracy r = 0.30 (p = 4.8 × 10-10). We propose that this important aspect of personality, sensation-seeking, reflects a strong effect of reward (in which the medial orbitofrontal cortex is implicated) on promoting actions to obtain rewards (in which the anterior cingulate cortex is implicated). Risk-taking was found to have a moderate correlation with sensation-seeking (r = 0.49, p = 3.9 × 10-26), and three of these functional connectivities were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the overall risk-taking score. This discovery helps to show how the medial orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices influence behaviour and personality, and indicate that sensation-seeking can involve in part the medial orbitofrontal cortex reward system, which can thereby become associated with risk-taking and a type of impulsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; School of Mathematical Sciences, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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11
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Vassoler FM, Toorie AM, Teceno DN, Walia P, Moore DJ, Patton TD, Byrnes EM. Paternal morphine exposure induces bidirectional effects on cocaine versus opioid self-administration. Neuropharmacology 2020; 162:107852. [PMID: 31726075 PMCID: PMC8274248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic and is thus experiencing unprecedented levels of opioid exposure. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that this may have consequences on multiple generations. The current set of experiments examined the effect of male adolescent opioid exposure on cocaine and opioid self-administration in the F1 generation. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered increasing doses of morphine (5-25 mg/kg, s.c.) for 10 days during adolescence (P30-39). Rats were then maintained drug free until adulthood (P70-80) at which point they were mated with drug-naïve females. Male and female F1 offspring were first examined for cocaine self-administration during adulthood. Naïve littermates were tested for morphine self-administration acquisition followed by a within subjects design progressive ratio test for morphine, oxycodone, and cocaine. Results show that male and female F1 rats have delayed acquisition and decreased intake of cocaine. In addition, they have blunted PR levels compared to Sal-F1 control rats. Female Mor-F1 rats also demonstrate increased levels of morphine intake during acquisition and increased PR responding for oxycodone. Surprisingly, even following acquisition of morphine self-administration, Mor-F1 males and females still demonstrate blunted effort for cocaine. There were no differences in sucrose self-administration in naïve littermates. MorF0 seminiferous tubules demonstrated increased levels of acetylated histone H3 and there were increased levels of BDNF mRNA in the mPFC in male and female F1 offspring. Together, these data identify systems that are vulnerable to the impact of opioids in the F0 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fair M Vassoler
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA.
| | - Anika M Toorie
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Delaney N Teceno
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Pankhuri Walia
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Deion J Moore
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Trevor D Patton
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Byrnes
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
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12
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Sex Differences in the Effect of Nucleus Accumbens Volume on Adolescent Drinking: The Mediating Role of Sensation Seeking in the NCANDA Sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019; 80:594-601. [PMID: 31790349 PMCID: PMC6900990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In adolescence, sensation seeking is associated with earlier onset of alcohol use, which is a risk factor for a variety of negative consequences later in life. Individual differences in sensation seeking are related to brain function in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a brain region that undergoes considerable structural development during adolescence. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether NAcc volume in alcohol-naive adolescents was associated with future sensation seeking and alcohol use and whether these associations differed by sex. METHOD High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure NAcc volume at baseline in 514 alcohol-naive adolescents (50.2% female) from the National Consortium on Alcohol & Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study. Direct effects of NAcc volume on adolescent drinking 2 years after baseline, and indirect effects mediated through sensation seeking 1 year after baseline, were assessed. RESULTS An indirect effect of NAcc volume on subsequent drinking through sensation seeking was significant for males, but not females. This effect was driven by a positive association between NAcc volume and sensation seeking observed in male, but not female, participants. A direct effect of NAcc volume on subsequent alcohol use was detected in females, but not males. In females, no association between NAcc volume and sensation seeking was detected, but NAcc volume was positively associated with future alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that delayed structural maturation of the NAcc may be a risk factor for alcohol use in adolescence; however, the mechanism by which the structure of the NAcc confers risk differs by sex.
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13
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Constantinidis C, Luna B. Neural Substrates of Inhibitory Control Maturation in Adolescence. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:604-616. [PMID: 31443912 PMCID: PMC6721973 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control matures through adolescence and into early adulthood, impacting decision-making. Impairments in inhibitory control are associated with various psychopathologies, many of which emerge during adolescence. In this review, we examine the neural basis of developmental improvements in inhibitory control by integrating findings from humans and non-human primates, identifying the structural and functional specialization of executive brain systems that mediates cognitive maturation. Behavioral manifestations of response inhibition suggest that adolescents are capable of producing adult level responses on occasion, but lack the ability to engage systems mediating response inhibition in a consistent fashion. Maturation is associated with changes in structural anatomy as well as local and systems-level connectivity. Functional changes revealed by neuroimaging and neurophysiology indicate that maturation of inhibitory control is achieved through improvements in response preparation, error processing, and planned responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Constantinidis
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, and The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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14
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Demidenko MI, Huntley ED, Martz ME, Keating DP. Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors: Convergent, Discriminant and Predictive Validity of Self-Report and Cognitive Measures. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1765-1783. [PMID: 31250164 PMCID: PMC6732226 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-report and cognitive tasks of reward sensitivity and self-regulation have influenced several developmental models that may explain the heightened engagement in risk behaviors during adolescence. Despite some inconsistencies across studies, few studies have explored the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of self-report and cognitive measures of these psychological characteristics in adolescence. The present study evaluated the convergent and discriminant validity of self-report and cognitive measures of reward sensitivity and self-regulation among 2017 adolescents (age M = 16.8, SD = 1.1; 56% female; 55% White, 22% Black, 8% Hispanic, 15% other race/ethnic; 49% 10th grade and 51% 12th grade). This study compared the predictive validity of an omnibus measure and specific measures of risk engagement. Convergent and discriminant validity from self-report to cognitive tasks were as predicted, although with weak convergent relationships. As hypothesized, compared to cognitive tasks, self-report measures consistently predicted risky behaviors and explained more variance in the models. These results demonstrate that while cognitive tasks can significantly predict certain risk behaviors, they require increased power to find the very small effects, raising questions about their use as implicit proxies for real world risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward D Huntley
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meghan E Martz
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel P Keating
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Oberlin BG, Ramer NE, Bates SM, Shen YI, Myslinski JS, Kareken DA, Cyders MA. Quantifying Behavioral Sensation Seeking With the Aroma Choice Task. Assessment 2019; 27:873-886. [PMID: 31353921 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119864659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to develop a behavioral measure of sensation seeking (SS). The Aroma Choice Task (ACT) assesses preference for an intense, novel, varied, and risky (exciting) option versus a mild, safe (boring) option using real-time odorant delivery. A total of 147 healthy young adults completed 40 binary choice trials. We examined (1) intensity and pleasantness of odorants, (2) stability of responding, (3) association with SS self-report, and (4) association with self-reported illicit drug use. Participants' preference for the "exciting" option versus the safe option was significantly associated with self-reported SS (p < .001) and illicit drug use (p = .041). Odorant ratings comported with their intended intensity. The ACT showed good internal, convergent, and criterion validity. We propose that the ACT might permit more objective SS assessment for investigating the biological bases of psychiatric conditions marked by high SS, particularly addiction. The ACT measures SS behaviorally, mitigating some self-report challenges and enabling real-time assessment, for example, for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nolan E Ramer
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sage M Bates
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yitong I Shen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeremy S Myslinski
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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16
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Sullivan-Toole H, DePasque S, Holt-Gosselin B, Galván A. Worth working for: The influence of effort costs on teens' choices during a novel decision making game. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 37:100652. [PMID: 31075712 PMCID: PMC6969283 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Decision making requires consideration of both the benefits of a given choice and the costs, which can include risk, delay, and effort. Previous research has examined the developmental trajectory of adolescent decision making regarding risk and delay; however, the effects of effort on adolescent decision making remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we pilot tested a novel, developmentally-appropriate task designed to examine developmental differences in the willingness to expend effort during goal pursuit in adolescents (ages 13-16, n = 23) versus young adults (ages 18-23, n = 25). Self-reported reward responsivity correlated with task-related parameter estimates for effort and reward, providing evidence of task validity. Adolescents exhibited reduced sensitivity to physical effort costs compared to adults, effects which did not appear to be driven by differences in subjective task motivation or awareness of the effort requirements. These findings provide preliminary evidence that adolescence may be a time of increased willingness to expend effort during goal pursuit. Effort-based decision making is an understudied but exciting avenue for developmental research, as the willingness to engage in effortful pursuit of new experiences during adolescence may help to facilitate the path to independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Sullivan-Toole
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Samantha DePasque
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bailey Holt-Gosselin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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17
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Sharkey RJ, Bourque J, Larcher K, Mišić B, Zhang Y, Altınkaya A, Sadikot A, Conrod P, Evans AC, Garavan H, Leyton M, Séguin JR, Pihl R, Dagher A. Mesolimbic connectivity signatures of impulsivity and BMI in early adolescence. Appetite 2019; 132:25-36. [PMID: 30273626 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Across age groups, differences in connectivity of the mesolimbic and the prefrontal cortex co-vary with trait impulsivity and sensation-seeking. Impulsivity and sensation-seeking are also known to increase during early adolescence as maturation of subcortical structures outpaces that of the prefrontal cortex. While an imbalance between the striatum and prefrontal cortex is considered a normal developmental process, higher levels of adolescent impulsivity and sensation-seeking are associated with an increased risk for diverse problems, including obesity. To determine how the relationship between sensation-seeking, impulsivity and body mass index (BMI) is related to shared neural correlates we measured their relationships with the connectivity of nuclei in the striatum and dopaminergic midbrain in young adolescents. Data were collected from 116 children between the ages of 12 and 14, and included resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, personality measures from the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale, and BMI Z-score for age. The shared variance for the connectivity of regions of interest in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum and sub-thalamic nucleus, personality measures and BMI Z-score for age, were analyzed using partial least squares correlation. This analysis identified a single significant striato-limbic network that was connected with the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and sub-thalamic nuclei (p = 0.002). Connectivity within this network which included the hippocampi, amygdalae, parahippocampal gyri and the regions of interest, correlated positively with impulsivity and BMI Z-score for age and negatively with sensation-seeking. Together, these findings emphasize that, in addition to the well-established role that frontostriatal circuits play in the development of adolescent personality traits, connectivity of limbic regions with the striatum and midbrain also impact impulsivity, sensation-seeking and BMI Z-score in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Sharkey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Josiane Bourque
- CHU Hospital Ste-Justine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Larcher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Mišić
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yu Zhang
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ayça Altınkaya
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abbas Sadikot
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Conrod
- CHU Hospital Ste-Justine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Hospital Ste-Justine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Pihl
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Cao Z, Bennett M, Orr C, Icke I, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Schumann G, Whelan R. Mapping adolescent reward anticipation, receipt, and prediction error during the monetary incentive delay task. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:262-283. [PMID: 30240509 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional neuroanatomy and connectivity of reward processing in adults are well documented, with relatively less research on adolescents, a notable gap given this developmental period's association with altered reward sensitivity. Here, a large sample (n = 1,510) of adolescents performed the monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Probabilistic maps identified brain regions that were reliably responsive to reward anticipation and receipt, and to prediction errors derived from a computational model. Psychophysiological interactions analyses were used to examine functional connections throughout reward processing. Bilateral ventral striatum, pallidum, insula, thalamus, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, midbrain, motor area, and occipital areas were reliably activated during reward anticipation. Bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex and bilateral thalamus exhibited positive and negative activation, respectively, during reward receipt. Bilateral ventral striatum was reliably active following prediction errors. Previously, individual differences in the personality trait of sensation seeking were shown to be related to individual differences in sensitivity to reward outcome. Here, we found that sensation seeking scores were negatively correlated with right inferior frontal gyrus activity following reward prediction errors estimated using a computational model. Psychophysiological interactions demonstrated widespread cortical and subcortical connectivity during reward processing, including connectivity between reward-related regions with motor areas and the salience network. Males had more activation in left putamen, right precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus during reward anticipation. In summary, we found that, in adolescents, different reward processing stages during the MID task were robustly associated with distinctive patterns of activation and of connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Cao
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Bennett
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Orr
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ilknur Icke
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Age-Related Trajectories of Functional Coupling between the VTA and Nucleus Accumbens Depend on Motivational State. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7420-7427. [PMID: 30030394 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3508-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-engagement of the mesolimbic dopamine system is thought to enhance motivation in adolescents. Whereas human neuroimaging has characterized event-evoked responses of the mesolimbic system in adolescents, research has yet to characterize state-dependent engagement (i.e., seconds to minutes) of this system in goal-relevant contexts. In the current longitudinal study, we characterized age-related changes in state-dependent coupling in male and female human participants ranging in age from adolescence to adulthood. Analyses focused on two key regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Although there were no differences in VTA-NAcc functional coupling in a resting-state context, VTA-NAcc functional coupling was enhanced in preadolescence/early adolescence and decreased into adulthood in a motivational context, in which individuals had to translate goal-relevant cues into instrumental actions. Furthermore, we found that task-related activation in orbitofrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and visual association cortex partially mediated age-related changes in state-dependent VTA-NAcc functional coupling. These results extend prior models of neurodevelopment by showing a relationship between cortical event-evoked activation and state-dependent increases in subcortical engagement of mesolimbic systems.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adolescence is characterized by increased motivated behavior, which is thought to result from an over-engagement of mesolimbic dopamine systems. Rodent models show increases in state-dependent engagement of mesolimbic systems in adolescence. However, human neuroimaging research has mainly focused on event-evoked responses (i.e., reward cues). We show that in motivational contexts, there is increased state-dependent coupling across mesolimbic systems in preadolescence/early adolescence that decreases into adulthood and is further predicted by event-evoked cortical responses. Critically, these developmental trajectories were specific to motivationally relevant contexts and were not apparent during resting state. These findings extend emerging models of human development and suggest that state-dependent increases in dopamine signaling may underlie heightened motivation.
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20
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Hallquist MN, Geier CF, Luna B. Incentives facilitate developmental improvement in inhibitory control by modulating control-related networks. Neuroimage 2018; 172:369-380. [PMID: 29391243 PMCID: PMC5910226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of heightened sensitivity to incentives and relatively weak cognitive control, which may contribute to risky behaviors. Studies of brain activity have generally identified greater activation of the ventral striatum to rewards and less activation of prefrontal regions during control tasks in adolescents compared to adults. Little is known, however, about age-related changes in the functional brain networks underlying incentive processing and cognitive control. This cross-sectional study characterized the effects of incentives on inhibitory control during an oculomotor task using whole-brain functional connectivity analyses. During an fMRI scan, one hundred forty typically developing individuals completed an incentivized antisaccade task consisting of incentive cue, preparation, and response phases. We found that task modulation of control networks increased gradually from childhood to adulthood, whereas a network including ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex displayed an adolescent-specific peak in response to the receipt of outcomes, consistent with dual-systems models. Notably, however, greater modulation of salience and motor networks during the preparation phase mediated age-related improvements in antisaccade accuracy, whereas adolescent enhancement of value-related circuitry did not. Relative to neutral cues, both reward and loss cues enhanced task-related connectivity of the salience network when preparing to inhibit a saccade. Altogether, our findings suggest that incentives facilitate inhibitory control by enhancing the salience of one's responses and that over development, the recruitment of functional networks involved in saliency and motor preparation supports better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Hallquist
- The Pennsylvania State University, United States; University of Pittsburgh, United States.
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21
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Schreuders E, Braams BR, Blankenstein NE, Peper JS, Güroğlu B, Crone EA. Contributions of Reward Sensitivity to Ventral Striatum Activity Across Adolescence and Early Adulthood. Child Dev 2018. [PMID: 29536503 PMCID: PMC5969258 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It was examined how ventral striatum responses to rewards develop across adolescence and early adulthood and how individual differences in state- and trait-level reward sensitivity are related to these changes. Participants (aged 8-29 years) were tested across three waves separated by 2 years (693 functional MRI scans) in an accelerated longitudinal design. The results confirmed an adolescent peak in reward-related ventral striatum, specifically nucleus accumbens, activity. In early to mid-adolescence, increases in reward activation were related to trait-level reward drive. In mid-adolescence to early adulthood decreases in reward activation were related to decreases in state-level hedonic reward pleasure. This study demonstrates that state- and trait-level reward sensitivity account for reward-related ventral striatum activity in different phases of adolescence and early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiska S Peper
- Leiden University.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Leiden University.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition
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22
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Harden KP, Mann FD, Grotzinger AD, Patterson MW, Steinberg L, Tackett JL, Tucker-Drob EM. Developmental differences in reward sensitivity and sensation seeking in adolescence: Testing sex-specific associations with gonadal hormones and pubertal development. J Pers Soc Psychol 2017; 115:161-178. [PMID: 29094961 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensation seeking has been found to increase, on average, from childhood to adolescence. Developmental scientists have hypothesized that this change could be driven by the rise of gonadal hormones at puberty, which affect reward-related processing in the brain. In a large, age-heterogeneous, population-based sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 810; ages 13-20 years), we tested for sex-specific associations between age, self-reported pubertal development, gonadal hormones (estradiol and testosterone) as measured in saliva, reward sensitivity as measured by a multivariate battery of in-laboratory tasks (including the Iowa gambling task, balloon analogue risk task, and stoplight task), and self-reported sensation seeking. Reward sensitivity was more strongly associated with sensation seeking in males than females. For both males and females, reward sensitivity was unrelated to age but was higher among those who reported more advanced pubertal development. There were significant sex differences in the effects of self-reported pubertal development on sensation seeking, with a positive association evident in males but a negative association in females. Moreover, gonadal hormones also showed diverging associations with sensation seeking-positive with testosterone but negative with estradiol. Overall, the results indicate that sensation seeking among adolescents and young adults depends on a complex constellation of developmental influences that operate via sex-specific mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record
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23
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Mota N, Chaves E, Antunes M, Borges R, Paiva A, Santos V. Contextualized Contribution of Kindness to Favorable Goal- and Circumstantial-Driven Neuropsychological Regulation. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1643. [PMID: 29018378 PMCID: PMC5623185 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindness involves care and non-judgmental understanding toward someone. As a prosocial inclination, kindness would increase the possibility of favorable interaction with the environment, with a successful adjustment of one's response in novel or challenging circumstances, taking into account rules or goals. This adjustment ability is commonly referred to as executive functions, dependent on the prefrontal and parietal functioning, still under development during late adolescence. This study aimed to investigate if kindness would relate with the executive functions. If so, it would correlate more with measures of self-regulation, mainly dependent on the medial prefrontal corticosubcortical circuits. Also, among self-regulating processes, kindness would be more associated with autonomic responses—choices guided by one's understanding/intention - than with adaptive responses—changes on one's choices triggered by unfavorable circumstances. A sample of 46 (31 female; 18 to 21 years-old) healthy college students from the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro attended a clinical interview and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Kindness was measured by the Compassion Scale subscore. Generalized non-linear models for each neuropsychological variable were executed on R, followed by an estimation of weighted parameters for each factor. Significant models which included kindness (weighted parameter Pc > 74) and all of their psychosocial or sociodemographic factors on their maximum expression (Pc > 74) were identified. In a contextualized joint influence with other psychosocial and sociodemographic factors, kindness fits equally goal- and circumstantial- self-regulation, as well as integrative organization of information. Kindness is a principle that optimizes a refreshing and prosocial interaction with the environment. As it anticipates sharing and cooperation behaviors, it might have a primordial function on individual and social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Mota
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elenilda Chaves
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina Antunes
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rudi Borges
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa Paiva
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Santos
- Department of Fundamentals of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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