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Gupta T, Eckstrand KL, Forbes EE. Annual Research Review: Puberty and the development of anhedonia - considering childhood adversity and inflammation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:459-480. [PMID: 38391011 PMCID: PMC10939801 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Anhedonia, or diminished pleasure and motivation, is a symptom of severe mental illness (e.g., depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) that emerges during adolescence. Anhedonia is a pernicious symptom that is related to social impairments, treatment resistance, and suicide. As the mechanisms of anhedonia are postulated to include the frontostriatal circuitry and the dopamine neuromodulatory system, the development and plasticity of these systems during the vulnerable period of adolescence, as well as their sensitivity to pubertal hormones, suggest that pubertal maturation could play a role in the development of anhedonia. This review takes a developmental perspective, considering the possibility that anhedonia emerges in the context of pubertal maturation and adolescent development, with childhood adversity and chronic inflammation influencing neural reward systems to accelerate anhedonia's progression. Here, we review the relevant extant literature on the components of this model and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gupta
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - Erika E. Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Pittsburgh PA USA
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Gupta T, Karim HT, Jones NP, Ferrarelli F, Nance M, Taylor SF, Rogers D, Pogue AM, Seah THS, Phillips ML, Ryan ND, Forbes EE. Continuous theta burst stimulation to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in young adults with depression: Changes in resting frontostriatal functional connectivity relevant to positive mood. Behav Res Ther 2024; 174:104493. [PMID: 38350221 PMCID: PMC10956571 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Depression is associated with diminished positive affect (PA), postulated to reflect frontostriatal reward circuitry disruptions. Depression has consistently been associated with higher dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) activation, a region that regulates PA through ventral striatum (VS) connections. Low PA in depression may reflect dmPFC's aberrant functional connectivity (FC) with the VS. To test this, we applied theta burst stimulation (TBS) to dmPFC in 29 adults with depression (79% female, Mage = 21.4, SD = 2.04). Using a randomized, counterbalanced design, we administered 3 types of TBS at different sessions: intermittent (iTBS; potentiating), continuous (cTBS; depotentiating), and sham TBS (control). We used neuronavigation to target personalized dmPFC targets based on VS-dmPFC FC. PA and negative affect (NA), and resting-state fMRI were collected pre- and post-TBS. We found no changes in PA or NA with time (pre/post), condition (iTBS, cTBS, sham), or their interaction. Functional connectivity (FC) between the nucleus accumbens and dmPFC showed a significant condition (cTBS, iTBS, and sham) by time (pre-vs. post-TBS) interaction, and post-hoc testing showed decreased pre-to post-TBS for cTBS but not iTBS or sham. For cTBS only, reduced FC pre/post stimulation was associated with increased PA (but not NA). Our findings lend support to the proposed mechanistic model of aberrant FC between the dmPFC and VS in depression and suggest a way forward for treating depression in young adults. Future studies need to evaluate multi-session TBS to test clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gupta
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Helmet T Karim
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Neil P Jones
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Nance
- University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephan F Taylor
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Rogers
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley M Pogue
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T H Stanley Seah
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Neal D Ryan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Gupta T, Eckstrand KL, Lenniger CJ, Haas GL, Silk JS, Ryan ND, Phillips ML, Flores LE, Pizzagalli DA, Forbes EE. Anhedonia in adolescents at transdiagnostic familial risk for severe mental illness: Clustering by symptoms and mechanisms of association with behavior. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:249-261. [PMID: 37995926 PMCID: PMC10843785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom of severe mental illness (SMI) and emerges during adolescence. Possible subphenotypes and neural mechanisms of anhedonia in adolescents at risk for SMI are understudied. METHODS Adolescents at familial risk for SMI (N = 81) completed anhedonia (e.g., consummatory, anticipatory, social), demographic, and clinical measures and one year prior, a subsample (N = 46) completed fMRI scanning during a monetary reward task. Profiles were identified using k-means clustering of anhedonia type and differences in demographics, suicidal ideation, impulsivity, and emotional processes were examined. Moderation analyses were conducted to investigate whether levels of brain activation of reward regions moderated the relationships between anhedonia type and behaviors. RESULTS Two-clusters emerged: a high anhedonia profile (high-anhedonia), characterized by high levels of all types of anhedonia, (N = 32) and a low anhedonia profile (low-anhedonia), characterized by low levels of anhedonia types (N = 49). Adolescents in the high-anhedonia profile reported more suicidal ideation and negative affect, and less positive affect and desire for emotional closeness than low-anhedonia profile. Furthermore, more suicidal ideation, less positive affect, and less desire for emotional closeness differentiated the familial high-risk, high-anhedonia profile adolescents from the familial high-risk, low-anhedonia profile adolescents. Across anhedonia profiles, moderation analyses revealed that adolescents with high dmPFC neural activation in response to reward had positive relationships between social, anticipatory, and consummatory anhedonia and suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS Small subsample with fMRI data. CONCLUSION Profiles of anhedonia emerge transdiagnostically and vary on clinical features. Anhedonia severity and activation in frontostriatal reward areas have value for clinically important outcomes such as suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gupta
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - K L Eckstrand
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C J Lenniger
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - G L Haas
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J S Silk
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N D Ryan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M L Phillips
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L E Flores
- Queens University, Department of Psychology, Kingston, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - D A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E E Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Dougherty EN, Bottera AR, Forester G, Schaefer LM, Forbes EE, Wildes JE. Prospective associations between cognitive flexibility and eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 2024; 332:115717. [PMID: 38183925 PMCID: PMC10872327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated concurrent and prospective associations between measures of reversal learning and attentional set-shifting and eating disorder symptoms at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months among individuals with anorexia nervosa restricting subtype (AN-R, n = 26), AN binge eating/purging subtype (AN-BP, n = 22), bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 35), and healthy controls (n = 27), and explored whether these associations differed by diagnosis. At baseline, participants completed diagnostic interviews, height/weight measurements, and measures of set-shifting (the Intradimensional/Extradimensional shift task) and reversal learning (a probabilistic reversal learning task). At 3- and 6-month follow-up, participants with eating disorders completed assessments of weight and eating disorder symptoms. A one-way analysis of variance found no evidence that baseline reversal learning and attentional set-shifting differed across diagnostic groups. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that perseverative errors (an index of reversal learning) predicted an increase in purging over time for individuals with AN-BP and BN. Set-shifting errors differentially predicted frequency of loss of control eating for individuals with AN-BP and BN; however, set-shifting was not related to loss of control eating when examined separately in AN-BP and BN. These findings suggest that disentangling facets of cognitive flexibility may help understand change in eating disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Angeline R Bottera
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Glen Forester
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, 120 8th St. S, Fargo, ND 48103, United States
| | - Lauren M Schaefer
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, 120 8th St. S, Fargo, ND 48103, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Rd Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jennifer E Wildes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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Vanwoerden S, Silk JS, Forbes EE, Morgan JK. Current maternal depression associated with worsened children's social outcomes during middle childhood: Exploring the role of positive affect socialization. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:59-69. [PMID: 37865344 PMCID: PMC10872725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression negatively predicts aspects of the mother-child relationship and social functioning in offspring. This study evaluated interrelations between mothers' depression history and current severity with dynamic indices of positive affect socialization and indices of offspring' social outcomes. METHODS N = 66 mother-child dyads in which approximately 50 % of mothers had a history of maternal depression were recruited. Children were 6-8 years old and 47.7 % male. Dyads completed a positive interaction task, which was coded for mother and child positive affect. Mothers and children reported on peer functioning and social problems and children reported on the quality of their best friendships at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Current level of maternal depression, but not depression history, was related to more social problems and lower best friend relationship quality. Indices of positive affect socialization were not related to history or current levels of maternal depression, or social outcomes, with the exception of maternal depression history predicting greater likelihood of mothers joining their children in expressing positive affect. Exploratory, supplementary analysis revealed that this may be due to treatment history among these mothers. LIMITATIONS Conclusions should be tempered by the small sample size, which limited the types of analyses that were conducted. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the effect of maternal depression on aspects of child social outcomes could be specific to current levels. Our data also did not support previously found associations between maternal depression and positive affect socialization. Results suggest positive implications for the effect of treatment for maternal depression for mother-child dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Vanwoerden
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Erika E Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
| | - Judith K Morgan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
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Lima Santos JP, Hayes R, Franzen PL, Goldstein TR, Hasler BP, Buysse DJ, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD, McMakin DL, Ryan ND, Silk JS, Jalbrzikowski M, Soehner AM. The association between cortical gyrification and sleep in adolescents and young adults. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad282. [PMID: 37935899 PMCID: PMC10782503 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Healthy sleep is important for adolescent neurodevelopment, and relationships between brain structure and sleep can vary in strength over this maturational window. Although cortical gyrification is increasingly considered a useful index for understanding cognitive and emotional outcomes in adolescence, and sleep is also a strong predictor of such outcomes, we know relatively little about associations between cortical gyrification and sleep. We aimed to identify developmentally invariant (stable across age) or developmentally specific (observed only during discrete age intervals) gyrification-sleep relationships in young people. METHODS A total of 252 Neuroimaging and Pediatric Sleep Databank participants (9-26 years; 58.3% female) completed wrist actigraphy and a structural MRI scan. Local gyrification index (lGI) was estimated for 34 bilateral brain regions. Naturalistic sleep characteristics (duration, timing, continuity, and regularity) were estimated from wrist actigraphy. Regularized regression for feature selection was used to examine gyrification-sleep relationships. RESULTS For most brain regions, greater lGI was associated with longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, lower variability in sleep regularity, and shorter time awake after sleep onset. lGI in frontoparietal network regions showed associations with sleep patterns that were stable across age. However, in default mode network regions, lGI was only associated with sleep patterns from late childhood through early-to-mid adolescence, a period of vulnerability for mental health disorders. CONCLUSIONS We detected both developmentally invariant and developmentally specific ties between local gyrification and naturalistic sleep patterns. Default mode network regions may be particularly susceptible to interventions promoting more optimal sleep during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yoon L, Keenan KE, Hipwell AE, Forbes EE, Guyer AE. Hooked on a thought: Associations between rumination and neural responses to social rejection in adolescent girls. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101320. [PMID: 37922608 PMCID: PMC10641579 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumination is a significant risk factor for psychopathology in adolescent girls and is associated with heightened and prolonged physiological arousal following social rejection. However, no study has examined how rumination relates to neural responses to social rejection in adolescent girls; thus, the current study aimed to address this gap. Adolescent girls (N = 116; ages 16.95-19.09) self-reported on their rumination tendency and completed a social evaluation fMRI task where they received fictitious feedback (acceptance, rejection) from peers they liked or disliked. Rejection-related neural activity and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) connectivity were regressed on rumination, controlling for rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Rumination was associated with distinctive neural responses following rejection from liked peers including increased neural activity in the precuneus, inferior parietal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and supplementary motor area (SMA) and reduced sgACC connectivity with multiple regions including medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Greater precuneus and SMA activity mediated the effect of rumination on slower response time to report emotional state after receiving rejection from liked peers. These findings provide clues for distinctive cognitive processes (e.g., mentalizing, conflict processing, memory encoding) following the receipt of rejection in girls with high levels of rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leehyun Yoon
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Kate E Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Bose D, Pettit JW, Silk JS, Ladouceur CD, Olino TM, Forbes EE, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, Kendall PC, Ryan ND, McMakin DL. Therapeutic Alliance, Attendance, and Outcomes in Youths Receiving CBT or Client-Centered Therapy for Anxiety. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37796228 PMCID: PMC10995113 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2261547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive associations between therapeutic alliance and outcome (e.g. youth symptom severity) have been documented in the youth anxiety literature; however, little is known about the conditions under which early alliance contributes to positive outcomes in youth. The present study examined the relations between therapeutic alliance, session attendance, and outcomes in youths (N = 135; 55.6% female) who participated in a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy or client-centered therapy for anxiety. METHOD We evaluated a conceptual model wherein: (1) early alliance indirectly contributes to positive outcomes by improving session attendance; (2) alliance-outcome associations differ by intervention type, with stronger associations in cognitive-behavioral therapy compared to client-centered therapy; and (3) alliance-outcome associations vary across outcome measurement timepoints, with the effect of early alliance on outcomes decaying over time. RESULTS Contrary to hypotheses, provider ratings of early alliance predicted greater youth-rated anxiety symptom severity post-treatment (i.e. worse treatment outcomes). Session attendance predicted positive youth-rated outcomes, though there was no indirect effect of early alliance on outcomes through session attendance. CONCLUSIONS Results show that increasing session attendance is important for enhancing outcomes and do not support early alliance as a predictor of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Bose
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeremy W. Pettit
- Department of Psychology and Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA
| | - Cecile D. Ladouceur
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA
| | - Thomas M. Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA
| | - Ronald E. Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Neal D. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA
| | - Dana L. McMakin
- Department of Psychology and Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL
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9
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Santos JPL, Hayes R, Franzen PL, Goldstein TR, Hasler BP, Buysse DJ, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD, McMakin DL, Ryan ND, Silk JS, Jalbrzikowski M, Soehner AM. The association between cortical gyrification and sleep in adolescents and young adults. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.15.557966. [PMID: 37745609 PMCID: PMC10516006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Study objectives Healthy sleep is important for adolescent neurodevelopment, and relationships between brain structure and sleep can vary in strength over this maturational window. Although cortical gyrification is increasingly considered a useful index for understanding cognitive and emotional outcomes in adolescence, and sleep is also a strong predictor of such outcomes, we know relatively little about associations between cortical gyrification and sleep. Methods Using Local gyrification index (lGI) of 34 bilateral brain regions and regularized regression for feature selection, we examined gyrification-sleep relationships in the Neuroimaging and Pediatric Sleep databank (252 participants; 9-26 years; 58.3% female) and identified developmentally invariant (stable across age) or developmentally specific (observed only during discrete age intervals) brain-sleep associations. Naturalistic sleep characteristics (duration, timing, continuity, and regularity) were estimated from wrist actigraphy. Results For most brain regions, greater lGI was associated with longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, lower variability in sleep regularity, and shorter time awake after sleep onset. lGI in frontoparietal network regions showed associations with sleep patterns that were stable across age. However, in default mode network regions, lGI was only associated with sleep patterns from late childhood through early-to-mid adolescence, a period of vulnerability for mental health disorders. Conclusions We detected both developmentally invariant and developmentally specific ties between local gyrification and naturalistic sleep patterns. Default mode network regions may be particularly susceptible to interventions promoting more optimal sleep during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Dimick MK, Sultan AA, Kennedy KG, Rizvi SJ, Forbes EE, Sinyor M, McIntyre RS, Youngstrom EA, Goldstein BI. Risk-Sensitive Decision-Making and Self-Harm in Youth Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2023; 84:22m14693. [PMID: 37672015 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.22m14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk for suicide and have high rates of self-harm, which includes both suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury. Greater risk-taking has been associated with suicide attempts in youth with major depression, although there are no studies examining the relationship between risk-related decision-making and self-harm in youth with BD. We aimed to examine the association of suicide risk with risk-sensitive decision-making in a controlled sample of youth with BD. Methods: Eighty-one youth with BD (based on DSM-IV criteria; 52 youth with a history of self-harm [BDSH+]; 29 without a history of self-harm [BDSH-]) and 82 age- and sex-matched control youth aged 13-20 years were recruited between 2012 and 2020. Decision-making and risk-taking performance were assessed via the Cambridge Gambling Task within the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). General linear models were used to examine differences between groups with control for age, sex, and IQ. Results: There was a significant difference in the overall proportion of points bet (F2,157 = 3.87, P = .02, η2 = 0.23) such that BDSH- youth performed better than both BDSH+ (P = .02) and control youth (P = .04). Mean latency was significant (F3,156 = 4.12, P = .017, η2 = 0.03), with BDSH- youth deliberating longer than controls (P = .03). Risk-taking significantly differed between groups (F2,157 = 3.83, P = .02, η2 = 0.23), with BDSH- youth showing greater self-control compared to BDSH+ (P = .01) and control youth (P = .01). Conclusions: BDSH- youth had greater self-control and lower risk-taking. We speculate this finding may be reflective of a compensatory process among BDSH- youth serving a protective role in suicide risk. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the temporal association of neurocognition and self-harm among youth with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela K Dimick
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alysha A Sultan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sakina J Rizvi
- ASR Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Sinyor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding Author: Benjamin I. Goldstein, MD, PhD, Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Child and Youth Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
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11
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Silk JS, Sequeira SS, Jones NP, Lee KH, Dahl RE, Forbes EE, Ryan ND, Ladouceur CD. Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Reactivity to Rejection Vs. Acceptance Predicts Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents with an Anxiety History. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2023; 52:659-674. [PMID: 35072560 PMCID: PMC9308833 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.2019048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine whether neural sensitivity to negative peer evaluation conveys risk for depression among youth with a history of anxiety. We hypothesized that brain activation in regions that process affective salience in response to rejection, relative to acceptance, from virtual peers would predict depressive symptoms 1 year later and would be associated with ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of peer connectedness. METHOD Participants were 38 adolescents ages 11-16 (50% female) with a history of anxiety, recruited from a previous clinical trial. The study was a prospective naturalistic follow-up of depressive symptoms assessed 2 years (Wave 2) and 3 years (Wave 3) following treatment. At Wave 2, participants completed the Chatroom Interact Task during neuroimaging and 16 days of EMA. RESULTS Controlling for depressive and anxiety symptoms at Wave 2, subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC; β = .39, p = .010) activation to peer rejection (vs. acceptance) predicted depressive symptoms at Wave 3. SgACC activation to rejection (vs. acceptance) was highly negatively correlated with EMA reports of connectedness with peers in daily life (r = - .71, p < .001). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that elevated sgACC activation to negative, relative to positive, peer evaluation may serve as a risk factor for depressive symptoms among youth with a history of anxiety, perhaps by promoting vigilance or reactivity to social evaluative threats. SgACC activation to simulated peer evaluation appears to have implications for understanding how adolescents experience their daily social environments in ways that could contribute to depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neil P Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley
| | | | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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12
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Murray L, Israel ES, Balkind EG, Pastro B, Lovell-Smith N, Lukas SE, Forbes EE, Pizzagalli DA, Webb CA. Multi-modal assessment of reward functioning in adolescent anhedonia. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4424-4433. [PMID: 35711146 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression that predicts worse treatment outcomes. Dysfunction in neural reward circuits is thought to contribute to anhedonia. However, whether laboratory-based assessments of anhedonia and reward-related neural function translate to adolescents' subjective affective experiences in real-world contexts remains unclear. METHODS We recruited a sample of adolescents (n = 82; ages 12-18; mean = 15.83) who varied in anhedonia and measured the relationships among clinician-rated and self-reported anhedonia, behaviorally assessed reward learning ability, neural response to monetary reward and loss (as assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging), and repeated ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in daily life. RESULTS Anhedonia was associated with lower mean PA and higher mean NA across the 5-day EMA period. Anhedonia was not related to impaired behavioral reward learning, but low PA was associated with reduced nucleus accumbens response during reward anticipation and reduced medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) response during reward outcome. Greater mean NA was associated with increased mPFC response to loss outcome. CONCLUSIONS Traditional laboratory-based measures of anhedonia were associated with lower subjective PA and higher subjective NA in youths' daily lives. Lower subjective PA and higher subjective NA were associated with decreased reward-related striatal functioning. Higher NA was also related to increased mPFC activity to loss. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that laboratory-based measures of anhedonia translate to real-world contexts and that subjective ratings of PA and NA may be associated with neural response to reward and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Elana S Israel
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Emma G Balkind
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Brianna Pastro
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Scott E Lukas
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Christian A Webb
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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13
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James KM, Sequeira SL, Dahl RE, Forbes EE, Ryan ND, Hooley J, Ladouceur CD, Silk JS. Adolescents' neural reactivity to parental criticism is associated with diminished happiness during daily interpersonal situations. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:7116931. [PMID: 37052213 PMCID: PMC10099162 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the relation between real-world socio-emotional measures and neural activation to parental criticism, a salient form of social threat for adolescents. This work could help us understand why heightened neural reactivity to social threat consistently emerges as a risk factor for internalizing psychopathology in youth. We predicted that youth with higher reactivity to parental criticism (vs neutral comments) in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), amygdala and anterior insula would experience (i) less happiness in daily positive interpersonal situations and (ii) more sadness and anger in daily negative interpersonal situations. Participants (44 youth aged 11-16 years with a history of anxiety) completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment protocol and a neuroimaging task in which they listened to audio clips of their parents' criticism and neutral comments. Mixed-effects models tested associations between neural activation to critical (vs neutral) feedback and emotions in interpersonal situations. Youth who exhibited higher activation in the sgACC to parental criticism reported less happiness during daily positive interpersonal situations. No significant neural predictors of negative emotions (e.g. sadness and anger) emerged. These findings provide evidence of real-world correlates of neural reactivity to social threat that may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera M James
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stefanie L Sequeira
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jill Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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14
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Morgan JK, Conner KK, Fridley RM, Olino TM, Grewen KM, Silk JS, Iyengar S, Cyranowski JM, Forbes EE. Adolescents' Hormonal Responses to Social Stress and Associations with Adolescent Social Anxiety and Maternal Comfort: A Preliminary Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01521-0. [PMID: 36995488 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Both social support and social stress can impact adolescent physiology including hormonal responses during the sensitive transition to adolescence. Social support from parents continues to play an important role in socioemotional development during adolescence. Sources of social support and stress may be particularly impactful for adolescents with social anxiety symptoms. The goal of the current study was to examine whether adolescent social anxiety symptoms and maternal comfort moderated adolescents' hormonal response to social stress and support. We evaluated 47 emotionally healthy 11- to 14-year-old adolescents' cortisol and oxytocin reactivity to social stress and support using a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test for Adolescents that included a maternal comfort paradigm. Findings demonstrated that adolescents showed significant increases in cortisol and significant decreases in oxytocin following the social stress task. Subsequently, we found that adolescents showed significant decreases in cortisol and increases in oxytocin following the maternal comfort paradigm. Adolescents with greater social anxiety symptoms showed higher levels of cortisol at baseline but greater declines in cortisol response following maternal social support. Social anxiety symptoms were unrelated to oxytocin response to social stress or support. Our findings provide further evidence that mothers play a key role in adolescent regulation of physiological response, particularly if the stressor is consistent with adolescents' anxiety. More specifically, our findings suggest that adolescents with higher social anxiety symptoms show greater sensitivity to maternal social support following social stressors. Encouraging parents to continue to serve as a supportive presence during adolescent distress may be helpful for promoting stress recovery during the vulnerable transition to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | | | | | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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15
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Webb CA, Murray L, Tierney AO, Forbes EE, Pizzagalli DA. Reward-related predictors of symptom change in behavioral activation therapy for anhedonic adolescents: a multimodal approach. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:623-632. [PMID: 36307561 PMCID: PMC9938220 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a cardinal characteristic of depression which predicts worse treatment outcome and is among the most common residual symptoms following treatment. Behavioral Activation (BA) has been shown to be an effective treatment for depressed adults, and more recently, depressed adolescents. Given its emphasis on systematically and gradually increasing exposure to and engagement with rewarding activities and experiences, BA may be a particularly effective intervention for adolescents experiencing anhedonia and associated reward system dysfunction. In the present study, anhedonic adolescents (AA; n = 39) received 12 weekly sessions of BA and completed a multimodal (i.e., neural, behavioral, and self-report [ecological momentary assessment]) assessment of reward function at pre-treatment and post-treatment (as well as weekly self-report assessments of anhedonia). Typically developing adolescents (TDA; n = 41) completed the same measures at corresponding timepoints. Multilevel models tested pre-treatment reward-related predictors of anhedonia improvement, as well as change in reward measures over the course of BA. Analyses revealed significant reductions in anhedonia following BA treatment. Enhanced pre-treatment neural (striatal) reward responsiveness predicted greater anhedonia improvement. In contrast, baseline self-report and behavioral reward measures did not predict treatment outcome. A group x time interaction revealed greater increases in both reward- and loss-related neural responsiveness among AA relative to TDA adolescents. Consistent with a capitalization (rather than compensatory) model, pre-treatment neural - but not self-report or behavioral - measures of relatively enhanced reward responsiveness predicted better BA outcome. In addition to alleviating anhedonia, successful BA may also increase neural sensitivity to affectively salient (e.g., reward- and loss-related) stimuli among anhedonic youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Webb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Laura Murray
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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16
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Morgan JK, Santosa H, Conner KK, Fridley RM, Forbes EE, Iyengar S, Joseph HM, Huppert TJ. Mother-child neural synchronization is time linked to mother-child positive affective state matching. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:7008730. [PMID: 36715078 PMCID: PMC9976748 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the first years of life, in which self-regulation occurs via external means, mother-child synchronization of positive affect (PA) facilitates regulation of child homeostatic systems. Mother-child affective synchrony may contribute to mother-child synchronization of neural systems, but limited research has explored this possibility. Participants were 41 healthy mother-child dyads (56% girls; Mage = 24.76 months; s.d. = 8.77 months, Range = 10-42 months). Mothers' and children's brain activities were assessed simultaneously using near-infrared spectroscopy while engaging in dyadic play. Mother and child PA during play were coded separately to characterize periods in which mothers and children (i) matched on high PA, (ii) matched on low/no PA or (iii) showed a mismatch in PA. Models evaluated moment-to-moment correlations between affective matching and neural synchrony in mother-child dyads. Greater positive affective synchrony, in which mother and child showed similarly high levels of PA but not similarly low levels of PA, was related to greater synchrony in medial and lateral frontal and temporoparietal regions. Age moderated associations between mother and child neural activities but only during moments of high PA state matching. Positive, synchronous mother-child interactions may foster greater neural responding in affective and social regions important for self-regulation and interpersonal bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hendrik Santosa
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kaetlyn K Conner
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Rachel M Fridley
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Heather M Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Theodore J Huppert
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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17
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Soehner AM, Hayes RA, Franzen PL, Goldstein TR, Hasler BP, Buysse DJ, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD, McMakin DL, Ryan ND, Silk JS, Jalbrzikowski M. Naturalistic Sleep Patterns are Linked to Global Structural Brain Aging in Adolescence. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:96-104. [PMID: 36270890 PMCID: PMC9881228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined whether interindividual differences in naturalistic sleep patterns correlate with any deviations from typical brain aging. METHODS Our sample consisted of 251 participants without current psychiatric diagnoses (9-25 years; mean [standard deviation] = 17.4 ± 4.52 yr; 58% female) drawn from the Neuroimaging and Pediatric Sleep Databank. Participants completed a T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scan and 5-7 days of wrist actigraphy to assess naturalistic sleep patterns (duration, timing, continuity, and regularity). We estimated brain age from extracted structural magnetic resonance imaging indices and calculated brain age gap (estimated brain age-chronological age). Robust regressions tested cross-sectional associations between brain age gap and sleep patterns. Exploratory models investigated moderating effects of age and biological gender and, in a subset of the sample, links between sleep, brain age gap, and depression severity (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression). RESULTS Later sleep timing (midsleep) was associated with more advanced brain aging (larger brain age gap), β = 0.1575, puncorr = .0042, pfdr = .0167. Exploratory models suggested that this effect may be driven by males, although the interaction of gender and brain age gap did not survive multiple comparison correction (β = 0.2459, puncorr = .0336, pfdr = .1061). Sleep duration, continuity, and regularity were not significantly associated with brain age gap. Age did not moderate any brain age gap-sleep relationships. In this psychiatrically healthy sample, depression severity was also not associated with brain age gap or sleep. DISCUSSION Later midsleep may be one behavioral cause or correlate of more advanced brain aging, particularly among males. Future studies should examine whether advanced brain aging and individual differences in sleep precede the onset of suboptimal cognitive-emotional outcomes in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca A Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tina R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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18
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Sollenberger NA, Sequeira S, Forbes EE, Siegle GJ, Silk JS, Ladouceur CD, Ryan ND, Dahl RE, Mattfeld AT, McMakin DL. More time awake after sleep onset is linked to reduced ventral striatum response to rewards in youth with anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:83-90. [PMID: 35817759 PMCID: PMC9771920 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid in youth, and each predicts altered ventral striatum (VS) response to rewards, which may impact mental health risk. Contrasting evidence suggests previously reported negative associations between sleep health and VS response may be stronger or weaker in youth with anxiety, indicating sensitivity to win/loss information or blunted reward processing, respectively. We cross-sectionally examined the role of sleep in VS response to rewards among youth with anxiety versus a no-psychiatric-diagnosis comparison (ND) group. We expected a group*sleep interaction on VS response to rewards but did not hypothesize directionality. METHODS As part of the pretreatment battery for a randomized clinical trial, 74 youth with anxiety and 31 ND youth (ages 9-14 years; n = 55 female) completed a monetary reward task during fMRI. During the same pretreatment window, actigraphy and diary-estimated sleep were collected over 5 days, and participants and their parents each reported participants' total sleep problems. We examined group*sleep interactions on VS response to monetary rewards versus losses via three mixed linear models corresponding to actigraphy, diary, and questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS Each model indicated group*sleep interactions on VS response to rewards. Actigraphy and diary-estimated time awake after sleep onset predicted reduced VS response in youth with anxiety but not ND youth. Parent-reported sleep problems similarly interacted with group, but simple slopes were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Wake after sleep onset was associated with blunted reward response in youth with anxiety. These data suggest a potential pathway through which sleep could contribute to perturbed reward function and reward-related psychopathology (e.g., depression) in youth with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Sollenberger
- Psychology Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neal D. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ronald E. Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Aaron T. Mattfeld
- Psychology Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Dana L. McMakin
- Psychology Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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19
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Yang X, Casement MD, Keenan K, Hipwell AE, Guyer AE, Forbes EE. Physical and social anhedonia in female adolescents: A factor analysis of self-report measures. Emotion 2022; 22:1828-1840. [PMID: 34060862 PMCID: PMC8630074 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom of psychopathology that includes diminished positive emotions and anticipation and enjoyment of reward, with particular salience during adolescence. However, the construct validity of anhedonia dimensions is not well established, thus limiting operationalization and generalization of the construct. We applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to identify latent dimensions of anhedonia across four commonly used self-report measures covering different facets of anhedonic experience within a nonclinical sample of female adolescents across two waves of data collection (N = 173, Mage = 19.25; N = 147, Mage = 20.23). Factor analyses yielded a two-factor model with a physical anhedonia factor emphasizing enjoyment from physical sensations and a social anhedonia factor focusing on emotional connections with other people. These results have implications for the measurement of anhedonia in women's emotional well-being and mental health research, including research designed to identify facets of anhedonia that predict the onset, severity, and persistence of psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon
| | | | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago
| | | | - Amanda E. Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brian, University of California, Davis
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
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Webb CA, Tierney AO, Brown HA, Forbes EE, Pizzagalli DA, Ren B. Spontaneous Thought Characteristics are Differentially Related to Heightened Negative Affect vs. Blunted Positive Affect in Adolescents: An Experience Sampling Study. JCPP Adv 2022; 2:e12110. [PMID: 36817188 PMCID: PMC9937432 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mind-wandering has been linked to negative affect and depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, mind-wandering is an extremely broad and heterogenous cognitive construct. Some features of spontaneous thought may be related to increased negative affect, whereas others may improve affect, or have no emotional influence. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate the characteristics of spontaneous thoughts in adolescents and their differential relations with moment-to-moment affect. Method One-hundred and sixteen adolescents (ages 13-18; Typical Mood (TM) = 58; Low Mood (LM) = 58) completed 5 days (2-3 times/day) of EMA (total 1,037 surveys) assessing current positive and negative affect (PA and NA) and dimensions of spontaneous thought. Multilevel models tested the relation between thought characteristics and affect. Results Relative to the TM group, LM adolescents had a higher frequency of mind-wandering (38% vs. 56%) and negatively-valanced thoughts during episodes of mind-wandering (21% vs. 37%). Negatively-valenced, self-referential and past-oriented thoughts were each associated with higher NA, even when controlling for plausible confounds (e.g., engagement in an unpleasant activity or social interaction, depressive symptom severity). In contrast, task-focused and positively-valenced thoughts were uniquely linked to higher PA. Conclusion Characteristics of spontaneous thought - including temporal orientation, self-referential quality, and task-relatedness - were differentially related to NA vs. PA in adolescents. If replicated, these findings could inform more nuanced assessments of and targeted interventions for specific dimensions of mind-wandering contributing to high NA vs. blunted PA in teens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Webb
- Harvard Medical School – Boston, MA, USA,McLean Hospital – Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Boyu Ren
- Harvard Medical School – Boston, MA, USA,McLean Hospital – Belmont, MA, USA
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21
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Bylsma LM, Tan PZ, Silk JS, Forbes EE, McMakin DL, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Ladouceur CD. The late positive potential during affective picture processing: Associations with daily life emotional functioning among adolescents with anxiety disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 182:70-80. [PMID: 36174791 PMCID: PMC10023197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric anxiety disorders are characterized by potentiated threat responses and maladaptive emotion regulation (ER). The Late Positive Potential (LPP) is a neural index of heightened attention to emotional stimuli. Anxious individuals typically exhibit a larger LPP to unpleasant stimuli, but the LPP may also be blunted to unpleasant and pleasant stimuli for those with co-morbid depression. While a larger LPP is thought to reflect greater emotional reactivity, it is unknown to what extent variation in the LPP to laboratory stimuli corresponds to daily emotional functioning. We assessed the LPP in the laboratory in response to unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral images in combination with ecological momentary assessment of emotional reactivity and regulation in daily life among youth (9-14 years old; 55 % female) with anxiety disorders (ANX, N = 130) and no psychiatric diagnoses (ND, N = 47). We tested whether LPP amplitudes to unpleasant and pleasant stimuli (vs. neutral) are greater in ANX (vs. ND) youth and whether LPP amplitudes inversely correlate with co-morbid depression symptoms. We also examined associations between the LPP and daily life emotional functioning among ANX and ND youth. We found no group-by-valence effects on LPP amplitudes. Within ANX youth, higher depression symptoms were associated with smaller LPP amplitudes to unpleasant, but not pleasant, stimuli relative to neutral stimuli. Larger LPP amplitudes to emotional (relative to neutral) stimuli were correlated with use of specific ER strategies among ANX and ND youth but not emotional reactivity. While the LPP may reflect initial emotional reactivity to laboratory stimuli, it is associated with ER behaviors, and not emotional reactivity, in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Patricia Z Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California - Los Angeles School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States of America
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Department of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
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22
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Eckstrand KL, Silk JS, Nance M, Wallace ML, Buckley N, Lindenmuth M, Flores L, Alarcón G, Quevedo K, Phillips ML, Lenniger CJ, Sammon MM, Brostowin A, Ryan N, Jones N, Forbes EE. Medial Prefrontal Cortex Activity to Reward Outcome Moderates the Association Between Victimization Due to Sexual Orientation and Depression in Youth. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022; 7:1289-1297. [PMID: 36064188 PMCID: PMC9842132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority youth (SMY) are 3 times more likely to experience depression than heterosexual peers. Minority stress theory posits that this association is explained by sexual orientation victimization, which acts as a stressor to impact depression. For those vulnerable to the effects of stress, victimization may worsen depression by altering activity in neural reward systems. This study examines whether neural reward systems moderate the influence of sexual orientation victimization, a common and distressing experience in SMY, on depression. METHODS A total of 81 participants ages 15 to 22 years (41% SMY, 52% marginalized race) reported sexual orientation victimization, depression severity, and anhedonia severity, and underwent a monetary reward functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Significant activation to reward > neutral outcome (pfamilywise error < .05) was determined within a meta-analytically derived Neurosynth reward mask. A univariate linear model examined the impact of reward activation and identity on victimization-depression relationships. RESULTS SMY reported higher depression (p < .001), anhedonia (p = .03), and orientation victimization (p < .001) than heterosexual youth. The bilateral ventral striatum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, and right orbitofrontal cortex were significantly active to reward. mPFC activation moderated associations between sexual orientation victimization and depression (p = .03), with higher depression severity observed in those with a combination of higher mPFC activation and greater orientation victimization. CONCLUSIONS Sexual orientation victimization was related to depression but only in the context of higher mPFC activation, a pattern observed in depressed youth. These novel results provide evidence for neural reward sensitivity as a vulnerability factor for depression in SMY, suggesting mechanisms for disparities, and are a first step toward a clinical neuroscience understanding of minority stress in SMY.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Melissa Nance
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Nicole Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Luis Flores
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriela Alarcón
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karina Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - M. McLean Sammon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alyssa Brostowin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Neal Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Neil Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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23
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Lichenstein SD, Shaw DS, Forbes EE. Cannabis, connectivity, and coming of age: Associations between cannabis use and anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during the transition to adulthood. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:951204. [PMID: 36438638 PMCID: PMC9692120 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.951204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use is common among adolescents and emerging adults and is associated with significant adverse consequences for a subset of users. Rates of use peak between the ages of 18-25, yet the neurobiological consequences for neural systems that are actively developing during this time remain poorly understood. In particular, cannabis exposure may interfere with adaptive development of white matter pathways underlying connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex, including the cingulum and anterior thalamic radiations (ATR). The current study examined the association between cannabis use during adolescence and emerging adulthood and white matter microstructure of the cingulum and ATR among 158 male subjects enrolled in the Pitt Mother and Child Project, a prospective, longitudinal study of risk and resilience among men of low socioeconomic status. Participants were recruited in infancy, completed follow-up assessments throughout childhood and adolescence, and underwent diffusion imaging at ages 20 and 22. At age 20, moderate cannabis use across adolescence (age 12-19) was associated with higher fractional anisotropy (FA) of the cingulum and ATR, relative to both minimal and heavy adolescent use. Longitudinally, moderate and heavy extended cannabis use (age 12-21) was associated with reduced positive change in FA in the cingulum from age 20 to 22, relative to minimal use. These longitudinal results suggest that cannabis exposure may delay cingulum maturation during the transition to adulthood and potentially impact individuals' functioning later in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Lichenstein
- Yale Imaging and Psychopharmacology (YIP) Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Pitt Parents and Children Laboratory (PPCL), Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Affective Neuroscience and Developmental Psychopathology (ANDP) Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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24
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Forbes EE, Kupfer DJ. Mentoring early-career scientists in academic psychiatry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2022; 9:698-699. [PMID: 35964583 PMCID: PMC9371583 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - David J Kupfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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25
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Morgan JK, Eckstrand KL, Silk JS, Olino TM, Ladouceur CD, Forbes EE. Maternal Response to Positive Affect Moderates the Impact of Familial Risk for Depression on Ventral Striatal Response to Winning Reward in 6- to 8-Year-Old Children. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022; 7:824-832. [PMID: 35101605 PMCID: PMC9339024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research has demonstrated that adolescent offspring of depressed parents show diminished responding in the ventral striatum to reward. More recent work has suggested that altered reward responding may emerge earlier than adolescence in offspring at familial risk for depression, although factors associated with neural alterations in childhood remain poorly understood. METHODS We tested whether 6- to 8-year-old children, 49% at heightened risk for depression via maternal history, showed altered neural responding to winning reward. We evaluated whether maternal socialization of positive emotion moderated the association between familial risk and child neural response to reward. Participants were 49 children 6 to 8 years of age (24 with a maternal history of recurrent or chronic depression, 25 with no maternal history of any psychiatric disorder). Children underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing the Doors Guessing Task, a widely used reward guessing task. Mothers reported their use of encouraging and dampening responses to child positive affect. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that children at high familial risk for depression showed lower ventral striatum responding to winning reward relative to low-risk children, but only when mothers used less encouragement or greater dampening responses to their child's positive emotion expressions. CONCLUSIONS Neural reward alterations in the ventral striatum may emerge earlier than previously thought, as early as 6 to 8 years of age, specifically in the context of maternal discouragement of child positive emotions. Clinical interventions that focus on coaching mothers on how to encourage child positive emotions may be beneficial for supporting child reward-related brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kristen L Eckstrand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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26
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Tan PZ, Bylsma LM, Silk JS, Siegle GJ, Forbes EE, McMakin DL, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Ladouceur CD. Neural indices of performance monitoring are associated with daily emotional functioning in youth with anxiety disorders: An ERP and EMA study. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 178:34-42. [PMID: 35679962 PMCID: PMC10023196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive monitoring of one's performance is a characteristic of anxiety disorders that has been linked to alterations in implicit emotion regulation (ER), including elevations in neural measures of performance monitoring (i.e., error- and correct-related negativity; ERN and CRN). Elevations in ERN and CRN amplitudes have been reported consistently in anxiety disorders, suggesting that an overactive performance monitoring system is linked to ER difficulties in anxiety. Yet, the relevance of these lab-based neural measures for day-to-day emotional functioning remains poorly understood. This study examined the degree to which ERN and CRN amplitudes are associated with measures of daily ER difficulties in youth with anxiety disorders. Youth (N = 100, Mage = 11.14, SDage = 1.46) completed a computerized flanker task assessing the ERN and CRN. They then completed a 5-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol assessing their daily ER (i.e., intensity of momentary and peak negative affect, intensity of worry, reliance on maladaptive ER strategies). Results showed that more negative mean CRN amplitudes were associated with higher levels of negative emotional reactivity and more intense worries. There were no significant associations between ERN amplitude and EMA measures. Furthermore, elevations in CRN were linked to more frequent use of maladaptive ER strategies (i.e., rumination, physiological reactivity, avoidance). Together, results indicate that among youth with anxiety, individual differences in CRN, but not ERN, amplitudes are related to daily ER difficulties. Findings highlight the clinical utility of a lab-based neural measure of ER, suggesting that the CRN, rather than the ERN, reflects individual ER differences in the context of daily life among youth with pediatric anxiety disorders. As such, the CRN might serve as an important dimensional index of a treatment target that can be tracked with a validated, multi-method measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Z Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States of America
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
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27
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Carper MM, Silk JS, Ladouceur CD, Forbes EE, McMakin D, Ryan N, Kendall PC. Changes in Affective Network Variability Among Youth Treated for Anxiety Disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:526-537. [PMID: 33656632 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an efficacious treatment for youth anxiety, but we need to know more about the process of change. Affective network variability, or the "spread" of positive and negative emotions activated across a given time period, has been found to be positively associated with anxiety disorder symptomatology, but it is not yet known how this construct changes in response to intervention or its association with anxiety-focused treatment outcomes. The present study used a dynamical systems framework to model ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data collected via a cellular telephone from 114 youth aged 9-14 years (Mage = 10.94, SD = 1.46) who were seeking treatment for a primary anxiety disorder. We examined patterns of affective network variability over time and across (a) CBT and (b) client-centered therapy (CCT) to determine whether affective network changes were specific to CBT or due to nonspecific factors. Associations between treatment outcomes and patterns of affect at pretreatment and over the course of the treatments were also examined. Results revealed significant decreases in affective network variability over the course of treatment for youth who received CBT, but not for youth who received CCT. Changes in affective network variability over the course of treatment did not predict treatment outcomes. Findings provide initial support for the dynamical systems approach to examining changes that occur during treatment. Implications and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Carper
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Quantitative Sciences Program, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dana McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neal Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philip C Kendall
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, Tillman RM, Barch DM, Forbes EE, Krueger RF, Strauman TJ, Weierich MR, Shackman AJ. Training the Next Generation of Clinical Psychological Scientists: A Data-Driven Call to Action. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18:43-70. [PMID: 35216523 PMCID: PMC9086080 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The central goal of clinical psychology is to reduce the suffering caused by mental health conditions. Anxiety, mood, psychosis, substance use, personality, and other mental disorders impose an immense burden on global public health and the economy. Tackling this burden will require the development and dissemination of intervention strategies that are more effective, sustainable, and equitable. Clinical psychology is uniquely poised to serve as a transdisciplinary hub for this work. But rising to this challengerequires an honest reckoning with the strengths and weaknesses of current training practices. Building on new data, we identify the most important challenges to training the next generation of clinical scientists. We provide specific recommendations for the full spectrum of stakeholders-from funders, accreditors, and universities to program directors, faculty, and students-with an emphasis on sustainable solutions that promote scientific rigor and discovery and enhance the mental health of clinical scientists and the public alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Kathryn A DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, and Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Katie A McLaughlin
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachael M Tillman
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, and Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy J Strauman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Alexander J Shackman
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, and Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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29
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Case JAC, Sullivan-Toole H, Mattoni M, Jacobucci R, Forbes EE, Olino TM. Evaluating the item-level factor structure of anhedonia. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:215-222. [PMID: 34864118 PMCID: PMC8766928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia has long been theorized to be a multidimensional construct, focusing on domains of reward stimuli and temporal relationship to reward. However, little empirical work has directly examined whether there is support for this assertion. METHODS The study used data from young adults from four independent samples (n = 2098). Participants completed multiple measures of anhedonia. RESULTS We used rigorous conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on items from six commonly used anhedonia measures to examine dimensions underlying anhedonia. Results suggested a four-factor solution with factors reflecting social reward, social disinterest, status/achievement, and physical/natural reward. The identified factors reflected broad content domains of pleasure, but not specific reward processes. The four factors were modestly associated with one another, suggesting a weak common underlying anhedonia trait that manifests across multiple dimensions. Factor scores were associated with personality measures, reward-related indices, and depression symptoms, supporting the validity of the factors. LIMITATIONS Participants were all young adults and we assessed anhedonia only at the level of self-report. CONCLUSION Anhedonia is a multidimensional construct. However, the dimensions of anhedonia only distinguish domains of, but not temporal processes of anhedonia. Future work should continue to refine the structures underlying the construct of anhedonia through iterative theory- and data-driven research and examine associations between anhedonia and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States of America.
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30
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Flores LE, Alarcón G, Eckstrand KL, Lindenmuth M, Forbes EE. Interpersonal context and desired emotional closeness in neural response to negative visual stimuli: Preliminary findings. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2438. [PMID: 34874622 PMCID: PMC8785641 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotions typically emerge in interpersonal contexts, but the neural circuitry involved remains insufficiently understood. Two key features of interpersonal contexts are interpersonal interactions (e.g., supportive physical touch serving as a form of social regulation) and interpersonal traits. Social regulation research has predominately focused on fear by using physical threat (i.e., electric shock) as the stimulus. Given that social regulation helps with various negative emotions in the real world, using visual stimuli that elicit negative emotions more broadly would also be beneficial. Differing from trait loneliness-which is related to lower recruitment of social circuitry in negative socioaffective contexts-trait desired emotional closeness is related to adaptive outcomes and may demonstrate an opposite pattern. This study investigated the roles of social regulation and desired emotional closeness in neural response to aversive social images. METHODS Ten pairs of typically developing emerging adult friends (N = 20; ages 18-25) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) handholding task. Each friend viewed negative and neutral social images in the scanner under two conditions: (a) holding their friend's hand and (b) having their friend in the room. RESULTS Handholding attenuated response to aversive social images in a region implicated in emotion and inhibitory control (right dorsal striatum/anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex). Desired emotional closeness was positively associated with response to aversive social images (in the no handholding condition) in self and social processing (right ventral posterior cingulate cortex) and somatosensory regions (right postcentral gyrus). DISCUSSION These findings extend previous research on the roles of interpersonal behaviors and tendencies in neural response to aversive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Flores
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Gabriela Alarcón
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen L Eckstrand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Morgan Lindenmuth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bas‐Hoogendam JM, Groenewold NA, Aghajani M, Freitag GF, Harrewijn A, Hilbert K, Jahanshad N, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Veltman DJ, Winkler AM, Lueken U, Pine DS, Wee NJA, Stein DJ, Agosta F, Åhs F, An I, Alberton BAV, Andreescu C, Asami T, Assaf M, Avery SN, Nicholas L, Balderston, Barber JP, Battaglia M, Bayram A, Beesdo‐Baum K, Benedetti F, Berta R, Björkstrand J, Blackford JU, Blair JR, Karina S, Blair, Boehme S, Brambilla P, Burkhouse K, Cano M, Canu E, Cardinale EM, Cardoner N, Clauss JA, Cividini C, Critchley HD, Udo, Dannlowski, Deckert J, Demiralp T, Diefenbach GJ, Domschke K, Doruyter A, Dresler T, Erhardt A, Fallgatter AJ, Fañanás L, Brandee, Feola, Filippi CA, Filippi M, Fonzo GA, Forbes EE, Fox NA, Fredrikson M, Furmark T, Ge T, Gerber AJ, Gosnell SN, Grabe HJ, Grotegerd D, Gur RE, Gur RC, Harmer CJ, Harper J, Heeren A, Hettema J, Hofmann D, Hofmann SG, Jackowski AP, Andreas, Jansen, Kaczkurkin AN, Kingsley E, Kircher T, Kosti c M, Kreifelts B, Krug A, Larsen B, Lee S, Leehr EJ, Leibenluft E, Lochner C, Maggioni E, Makovac E, Mancini M, Manfro GG, Månsson KNT, Meeten F, Michałowski J, Milrod BL, Mühlberger A, Lilianne R, Mujica‐Parodi, Munjiza A, Mwangi B, Myers M, Igor Nenadi C, Neufang S, Nielsen JA, Oh H, Ottaviani C, Pan PM, Pantazatos SP, Martin P, Paulus, Perez‐Edgar K, Peñate W, Perino MT, Peterburs J, Pfleiderer B, Phan KL, Poletti S, Porta‐Casteràs D, Price RB, Pujol J, Andrea, Reinecke, Rivero F, Roelofs K, Rosso I, Saemann P, Salas R, Salum GA, Satterthwaite TD, Schneier F, Schruers KRJ, Schulz SM, Schwarzmeier H, Seeger FR, Smoller JW, Soares JC, Stark R, Stein MB, Straube B, Straube T, Strawn JR, Suarez‐Jimenez B, Boris, Suchan, Sylvester CM, Talati A, Tamburo E, Tükel R, Heuvel OA, Van der Auwera S, Nieuwenhuizen H, Tol M, van Velzen LS, Bort CV, Vermeiren RRJM, Visser RM, Volman I, Wannemüller A, Wendt J, Werwath KE, Westenberg PM, Wiemer J, Katharina, Wittfeld, Wu M, Yang Y, Zilverstand A, Zugman A, Zwiebel HL. ENIGMA-anxiety working group: Rationale for and organization of large-scale neuroimaging studies of anxiety disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:83-112. [PMID: 32618421 PMCID: PMC8805695 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA-Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Marie Bas‐Hoogendam
- Department of Developmental and Educational PsychologyLeiden University, Institute of Psychology Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental HealthUniversity of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC / VUMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Research & InnovationGGZ inGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle F. Freitag
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Kevin Hilbert
- Department of PsychologyHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Los Angeles California USA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Los Angeles California USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Los Angeles California USA
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC / VUMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anderson M. Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of PsychologyHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Nic J. A. Wee
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental HealthUniversity of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- University of Cape TownSouth African MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders Cape Town South Africa
- University of Cape TownNeuroscience Institute Cape Town South Africa
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Morgan JK, Santosa H, Fridley RM, Conner KK, Hipwell AE, Forbes EE, Huppert TJ. Postpartum Depression Is Associated With Altered Neural Connectivity Between Affective and Mentalizing Regions During Mother-Infant Interactions. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:744649. [PMID: 34816247 PMCID: PMC8593996 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.744649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there has been growing interest in mood-related neural alterations in women in the initial weeks postpartum, recent work has demonstrated that postpartum depression often lingers for months or years following birth. However, research evaluating the impact of depression on maternal brain function during mother-infant interactions in the late postpartum period is lacking. The current study tested the hypothesis that depressive symptoms at 12-months postpartum are associated with neural alterations in affective and social neural regions, using near-infrared spectroscopy during in vivo mother-infant interactions. Participants were 23 birth mothers of 12-month-old infants (60% boys). While undergoing near-infrared spectroscopy, mothers engaged in an ecologically valid interactive task in which they looked at an age-appropriate book with their infants. Mothers also reported on their depressive symptoms in the past week and were rated on their observed levels of maternal sensitivity during mother-infant play. Greater depressive severity at 12-months postpartum was related to lower connectivity between the right temporoparietal junction and the lateral prefrontal cortex, but greater connectivity between the right temporoparietal junction and anterior medial prefrontal cortex during mother-infant interaction. Given the putative functions of these neural regions within the maternal brain network, our findings suggest that in the context of depression, postpartum mothers' mentalizing about her infants' thoughts and feelings may be related to lower ability to express and regulate her own emotions, but greater ability to engage in emotional bonding with her infant. Future work should explore how connectivity among these regions is associated with longitudinal changes in maternal behavior, especially in the context of changes in mothers' depressive symptoms (e.g., with treatment) over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K. Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hendrik Santosa
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rachel M. Fridley
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kaetlyn K. Conner
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alison E. Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Theodore J. Huppert
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Baranger DAA, Lindenmuth M, Nance M, Guyer AE, Keenan K, Hipwell AE, Shaw DS, Forbes EE. The longitudinal stability of fMRI activation during reward processing in adolescents and young adults. Neuroimage 2021; 232:117872. [PMID: 33609668 PMCID: PMC8238413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of functional neuroimaging has been an extremely fruitful avenue for investigating the neural basis of human reward function. This approach has included identification of potential neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric disease and examination of environmental, experiential, and biological factors that may contribute to disease risk via effects on the reward system. However, a central and largely unexamined assumption of much of this research is that neural reward function is an individual difference characteristic that is relatively stable and trait-like over time. METHODS In two independent samples of adolescents and young adults studied longitudinally (Ns = 145 & 139, 100% female and 100% male, ages 15-21 and 20-22, 2-4 scans and 2 scans respectively), we tested within-person stability of reward-task BOLD activation, with a median of 1 and 2 years between scans. We examined multiple commonly used contrasts of active states and baseline in both the anticipation and feedback phases of a card-guessing reward task. We examined the effects of cortical parcellation resolution, contrast, network (reward regions and resting-state networks), region-size, and activation strength and variability on the stability of reward-related activation. RESULTS In both samples, contrasts of an active state relative to a baseline were more stable (ICC: intra-class correlation; e.g., Win>Baseline; mean ICC = 0.13 - 0.33) than contrasts of two active states (e.g., Win>Loss; mean ICC = 0.048 - 0.05). Additionally, activation in reward regions was less stable than in many non-task networks (e.g., dorsal attention), and activation in regions with greater between-subject variability showed higher stability in both samples. CONCLUSIONS These results show that some contrasts from functional neuroimaging activation during a card guessing reward task have partially trait-like properties in adolescent and young adult samples over 1-2 years. Notably, results suggest that contrasts intended to map cognitive function and show robust group-level effects (i.e. Win > Loss) may be less effective in studies of individual differences and disease risk. The robustness of group-level activation should be weighed against other factors when selecting regions of interest in individual difference fMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A A Baranger
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Morgan Lindenmuth
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Melissa Nance
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kate Keenan
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Jalbrzikowski M, Hayes RA, Scully KE, Franzen PL, Hasler BP, Siegle GJ, Buysse DJ, Dahl RE, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD, McMakin DL, Ryan ND, Silk JS, Goldstein TR, Soehner AM. Associations between brain structure and sleep patterns across adolescent development. Sleep 2021; 44:6273224. [PMID: 33971013 PMCID: PMC8503824 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Structural brain maturation and sleep are complex processes that exhibit significant changes over adolescence and are linked to many physical and mental health outcomes. We investigated whether sleep-gray matter relationships are developmentally invariant (i.e. stable across age) or developmentally specific (i.e. only present during discrete time windows) from late childhood through young adulthood. METHODS We constructed the Neuroimaging and Pediatric Sleep Databank from eight research studies conducted at the University of Pittsburgh (2009-2020). Participants completed a T1-weighted structural MRI scan (sMRI) and 5-7 days of wrist actigraphy to assess naturalistic sleep. The final analytic sample consisted of 225 participants without current psychiatric diagnoses (9-25 years). We extracted cortical thickness and subcortical volumes from sMRI. Sleep patterns (duration, timing, continuity, regularity) were estimated from wrist actigraphy. Using regularized regression, we examined cross-sectional associations between sMRI measures and sleep patterns, as well as the effects of age, sex, and their interaction with sMRI measures on sleep. RESULTS Shorter sleep duration, later sleep timing, and poorer sleep continuity were associated with thinner cortex and altered subcortical volumes in diverse brain regions across adolescence. In a discrete subset of regions (e.g. posterior cingulate), thinner cortex was associated with these sleep patterns from late childhood through early-to-mid adolescence but not in late adolescence and young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS In childhood and adolescence, developmentally invariant and developmentally specific associations exist between sleep patterns and gray matter structure, across brain regions linked to sensory, cognitive, and emotional processes. Sleep intervention during specific developmental periods could potentially promote healthier neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rebecca A Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kathleen E Scully
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tina R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Corresponding author. Adriane Soehner, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Loeffler Building, Room 304, 121 Meyran Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Fridman AJ, Yang X, Vilgis V, Keenan KE, Hipwell AE, Guyer AE, Forbes EE, Casement MD. Brain structure and parasympathetic function during rest and stress in young adult women. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1195-1207. [PMID: 33616744 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important biomarker for parasympathetic function and future health outcomes. The present study examined how the structure of regions in a neural network thought to maintain top-down control of parasympathetic function is associated with HRV during both rest and social stress. Participants were 127 young women (90 Black American), who completed a structural MRI scan and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), during which heart rate was recorded. Regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between cortical thickness in five regions of the Central Autonomic Network (CAN; anterior midcingulate cortex [aMCC], pregenual and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex [pgACC, sgACC], orbitofrontal cortex [OFC], and anterior insula) and high-frequency HRV during rest and stress. Results indicated that cortical thickness in CAN regions did not predict average HRV during rest or stress. Greater cortical thickness in the right pgACC was associated with greater peak HRV reactivity during the TSST, and survived correction for multiple comparisons, but not sensitivity analyses with outliers removed. The positive association between cortical thickness in the pgACC and peak HRV reactivity is consistent with the direction of previous findings from studies that examined tonic HRV in adolescents, but inconsistent with findings in adults, which suggests a possible neurodevelopmental shift in the relation between brain structure and autonomic function with age. Future research on age-related changes in brain structure and autonomic function would allow a more thorough understanding of how brain structure may contribute to parasympathetic function across neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Veronika Vilgis
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Kate E Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Lewis CA, Mueller K, Zsido RG, Reinelt J, Regenthal R, Okon-Singer H, Forbes EE, Villringer A, Sacher J. A single dose of escitalopram blunts the neural response in the thalamus and caudate during monetary loss. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E319-E327. [PMID: 33904667 PMCID: PMC8327975 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) show acute effects on the neural processes associated with negative affective bias in healthy people and people with depression. However, whether and how SSRIs also affect reward and punishment processing on a similarly rapid time scale remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of an acute and clinically relevant dose (20 mg) of the SSRI escitalopram on brain response during reward and punishment processing in 19 healthy participants. In a doubleblind, placebo-controlled study using functional MRI, participants performed a well-established monetary reward task at 3 time points: at baseline; after receiving placebo or escitalopram; and after receiving placebo or escitalopram following an 8-week washout period. RESULTS Acute escitalopram administration reduced blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response during punishment feedback in the right thalamus (family-wise error corrected [FWE] p = 0.013 at peak level) and the right caudate head (pFWE = 0.011 at peak level) compared to placebo. We did not detect any significant BOLD changes during reward feedback. LIMITATIONS We included only healthy participants, so interpretation of findings are limited to the healthy human brain and require future testing in patient populations. The paradigm we used was based on monetary stimuli, and results may not be generalizable to other forms of reward. CONCLUSION Our findings extend theories of rapid SSRI action on the neural processing of rewarding and aversive stimuli and suggest a specific and acute effect of escitalopram in the punishment neurocircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin A Lewis
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Karsten Mueller
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Rachel G Zsido
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Janis Reinelt
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Hadas Okon-Singer
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Erika E Forbes
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Arno Villringer
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
| | - Julia Sacher
- From the Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido, Sacher); the International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity, Leipzig, Germany (Lewis, Zsido); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tuebingen, Germany (Lewis); the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany (Mueller, Reinelt, Villringer); the Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany (Zsido); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Regenthal); the Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel (Okon-Singer); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Forbes); and the Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Villringer, Sacher)
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Gruber J, Prinstein MJ, Clark LA, Rottenberg J, Abramowitz JS, Albano AM, Aldao A, Borelli JL, Chung T, Davila J, Forbes EE, Gee DG, Hall GCN, Hallion LS, Hinshaw SP, Hofmann SG, Hollon SD, Joormann J, Kazdin AE, Klein DN, La Greca AM, Levenson RW, MacDonald AW, McKay D, McLaughlin KA, Mendle J, Miller AB, Neblett EW, Nock M, Olatunji BO, Persons JB, Rozek DC, Schleider JL, Slavich GM, Teachman BA, Vine V, Weinstock LM. Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action. Am Psychol 2021; 76:409-426. [PMID: 32772538 PMCID: PMC7873160 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 presents significant social, economic, and medical challenges. Because COVID-19 has already begun to precipitate huge increases in mental health problems, clinical psychological science must assert a leadership role in guiding a national response to this secondary crisis. In this article, COVID-19 is conceptualized as a unique, compounding, multidimensional stressor that will create a vast need for intervention and necessitate new paradigms for mental health service delivery and training. Urgent challenge areas across developmental periods are discussed, followed by a review of psychological symptoms that likely will increase in prevalence and require innovative solutions in both science and practice. Implications for new research directions, clinical approaches, and policy issues are discussed to highlight the opportunities for clinical psychological science to emerge as an updated, contemporary field capable of addressing the burden of mental illness and distress in the wake of COVID-19 and beyond. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- June Gruber
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - Jonathan S Abramowitz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - Jessica L Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Tammy Chung
- Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University
| | | | - Jane Mendle
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University
| | - Adam Bryant Miller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Vera Vine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
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38
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Sequeira SL, Silk JS, Ladouceur CD, Hanson JL, Ryan ND, Morgan JK, McMakin DL, Kendall PC, Dahl RE, Forbes EE. Association of Neural Reward Circuitry Function With Response to Psychotherapy in Youths With Anxiety Disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:343-351. [PMID: 33472390 PMCID: PMC8016705 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying neural correlates of response to psychological treatment may inform targets for interventions designed to treat psychiatric disorders. This study examined the extent to which baseline functioning in reward circuitry is associated with response to psychotherapy in youths with anxiety disorders. METHODS A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy compared with supportive therapy was conducted in youths with anxiety disorders. Before treatment, 72 youths (9-14 years old) with anxiety disorders and 37 group-matched healthy comparison youths completed a monetary reward functional MRI task. Treatment response was defined categorically as at least a 35% reduction in diagnostician-rated anxiety severity from pre- to posttreatment assessment. Pretreatment neural activation in the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during monetary wins relative to losses was examined in relation to treatment response. RESULTS Responders, nonresponders, and healthy youths differed significantly in mPFC activation to rewards versus losses at baseline. Youths with anxiety exhibited higher mPFC activity relative to healthy youths, although this may have been driven by differences in depressive symptoms. Planned comparisons between treatment responders (N=48) and nonresponders (N=24) also revealed greater pretreatment neural activation in a cluster encompassing the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens among responders. CONCLUSIONS Striatal activation to reward receipt may not differentiate youths with anxiety from healthy youths. However, higher striatal responsivity to rewards may allow youths with anxiety to improve during treatment, potentially through greater engagement in therapy. Function in reward circuitry may guide development of treatments for youths with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neal D. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | | | - Ronald E. Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
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39
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Gruber J, Prinstein MJ, Clark LA, Rottenberg J, Abramowitz JS, Albano AM, Aldao A, Borelli JL, Chung T, Davila J, Forbes EE, Gee DG, Hall GCN, Hallion LS, Hinshaw SP, Hofmann SG, Hollon SD, Joormann J, Kazdin AE, Klein DN, La Greca AM, Levenson RW, MacDonald AW, McKay D, McLaughlin KA, Mendle J, Miller AB, Neblett EW, Nock M, Olatunji BO, Persons JB, Rozek DC, Schleider JL, Slavich GM, Teachman BA, Vine V, Weinstock LM. Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action. Am Psychol 2021; 76:409-426. [PMID: 32772538 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/desg9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 presents significant social, economic, and medical challenges. Because COVID-19 has already begun to precipitate huge increases in mental health problems, clinical psychological science must assert a leadership role in guiding a national response to this secondary crisis. In this article, COVID-19 is conceptualized as a unique, compounding, multidimensional stressor that will create a vast need for intervention and necessitate new paradigms for mental health service delivery and training. Urgent challenge areas across developmental periods are discussed, followed by a review of psychological symptoms that likely will increase in prevalence and require innovative solutions in both science and practice. Implications for new research directions, clinical approaches, and policy issues are discussed to highlight the opportunities for clinical psychological science to emerge as an updated, contemporary field capable of addressing the burden of mental illness and distress in the wake of COVID-19 and beyond. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- June Gruber
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - Jonathan S Abramowitz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - Jessica L Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Tammy Chung
- Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University
| | | | - Jane Mendle
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University
| | - Adam Bryant Miller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Vera Vine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
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40
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Shields GS, Hostinar CE, Vilgis V, Forbes EE, Hipwell AE, Keenan K, Guyer AE. Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Activity in Childhood Predicts Emotional Memory Effects and Related Neural Circuitry in Adolescent Girls. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:872-886. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Negative emotional experiences can be more difficult to forget than neutral ones, a phenomenon termed the “emotional memory effect.” Individual differences in the strength of the emotional memory effect are associated with emotional health. Thus, understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of the emotional memory effect has important implications, especially for individuals at risk for emotional health problems. Although the neural basis of emotional memory effects has been relatively well defined, less is known about how hormonal factors that can modulate emotional memory, such as glucocorticoids, relate to that neural basis. Importantly, probing the role of glucocorticoids in the stress- and emotion-sensitive period of late childhood to adolescence could provide actionable points of intervention. We addressed this gap by testing whether hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity during a parent–child conflict task at 11 years of age predicted emotional memory and its primary neural circuitry (i.e., amygdala–hippocampus functional connectivity) at 16 years of age in a longitudinal study of 147 girls (104 with complete data). Results showed that lower HPA axis activity predicted stronger emotional memory effects, r(124) = −.236, p < .01, and higher emotional memory-related functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and the right amygdala, β = −.385, p < .001. These findings suggest that late childhood HPA axis activity may modulate the neural circuitry of emotional memory effects in adolescence, which may confer a potential risk trajectory for emotional health among girls.
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41
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Sequeira SL, Silk JS, Edershile EA, Jones NP, Hanson JL, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD. From scanners to cell phones: neural and real-world responses to social evaluation in adolescent girls. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:657-669. [PMID: 33769521 PMCID: PMC8259290 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While expanded use of neuroimaging seemed promising to elucidate typical and atypical elements of social sensitivity, in many ways progress in this space has stalled. This is in part due to a disconnection between neurobiological measurements and behavior outside of the laboratory. The present study uses a developmentally salient fMRI computer task and novel ecological momentary assessment protocol to examine whether early adolescent females (n = 76; ages 11–13) with greater neural reactivity to social rejection actually report greater emotional reactivity following negative interactions with peers in daily life. As hypothesized, associations were found between reactivity to perceived social threat in daily life and neural activity in threat-related brain regions, including the left amygdala and bilateral insula, to peer rejection relative to a control condition. Additionally, daily life reactivity to perceived social threat was associated with functional connectivity between the left amygdala and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during rejection feedback. Unexpectedly, daily life social threat reactivity was also related to heightened amygdala and insula activation to peer acceptance relative to a control condition. These findings may inform key brain–behavior associations supporting sensitivity to social evaluation in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Sequeira
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Neil P Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jamie L Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Hasler BP, Soehner AM, Wallace ML, Logan RW, Ngari W, Forbes EE, Buysse DJ, Clark DB. Experimentally imposed circadian misalignment alters the neural response to monetary rewards and response inhibition in healthy adolescents. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33729109 PMCID: PMC8935965 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and circadian timing shifts later during adolescence, conflicting with early school start times, and resulting in circadian misalignment. Although circadian misalignment has been linked to depression, substance use, and altered reward function, a paucity of experimental studies precludes the determination of causality. Here we tested, for the first time, whether experimentally-imposed circadian misalignment alters the neural response to monetary reward and/or response inhibition. METHODS Healthy adolescents (n = 25, ages 13-17) completed two in-lab sleep schedules in counterbalanced order: An 'aligned' condition based on typical summer sleep-wake times (0000-0930) and a 'misaligned' condition mimicking earlier school year sleep-wake times (2000-0530). Participants completed morning and afternoon functional magnetic resonance imaging scans during each condition, including monetary reward (morning only) and response inhibition (morning and afternoon) tasks. Total sleep time and circadian phase were assessed via actigraphy and salivary melatonin, respectively. RESULTS Bilateral ventral striatal (VS) activation during reward outcome was lower during the Misaligned condition after accounting for the prior night's total sleep time. Bilateral VS activation during reward anticipation was lower during the Misaligned condition, including after accounting for covariates, but did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Right inferior frontal gyrus activation during response inhibition was lower during the Misaligned condition, before and after accounting for total sleep time and vigilant attention, but only during the morning scan. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel experimental evidence that circadian misalignment analogous to that resulting from school schedules may have measurable impacts on healthy adolescents' reward processing and inhibition of prepotent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant P. Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adriane M. Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Meredith L. Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Wambui Ngari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel J. Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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43
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Webb CA, Israel ES, Belleau E, Appleman L, Forbes EE, Pizzagalli DA. Mind-Wandering in Adolescents Predicts Worse Affect and Is Linked to Aberrant Default Mode Network-Salience Network Connectivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:377-387. [PMID: 32553785 PMCID: PMC7736484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the fluctuating emotional and cognitive states of adolescents with depressive symptoms requires fine-grained and naturalistic measurements. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate the affective correlates and consequences of mind-wandering in adolescents with anhedonia (AH) and typically developing (TD) controls. In addition, we examined the association between mind-wandering and resting state functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a core hub of the default mode network (DMN) linked to internally oriented mentation, and networks linked to attentional control (dorsal attention network [DAN]) and affect/salience detection (salience network [SN]). METHOD A total of 65 adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years (TD = 36; AH = 29), completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and subsequently used a smartphone application for ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data collection (2-3 times/d for 5 days). Each survey (N = 678) prompted adolescents to report on their current positive and negative affect (PA and NA), cognition, and activity. RESULTS The frequency of mind-wandering was higher for AH (70.0% of EMA samples) relative to TD (59.2%) participants, and the participants with AH were more likely to mind-wander to unpleasant content. Mind-wandering was associated with higher concurrent NA, even when controlling for plausible confounds (eg, current activity, social companion, rumination). Time-lagged analyses revealed a bidirectional association between mind-wandering and PA. Greater levels of mind-wandering within the AH group were associated with stronger mPFC-SN/DAN connectivity. CONCLUSION Rates of mind-wandering were high, especially among adolescents with anhedonia, and predicted worse affect. The relation between mind-wandering and enhanced mPFC-SN coupling may reflect heightened bottom-up influence of affective and sensory salience on DMN-mediated internally oriented thought.
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Beeney JE, Forbes EE, Hipwell AE, Nance M, Mattia A, Lawless JM, Banihashemi L, Stepp SD. Determining the key childhood and adolescent risk factors for future BPD symptoms using regularized regression: comparison to depression and conduct disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:223-231. [PMID: 32449286 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has yielded factors considered critical to risk for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Yet, these factors overlap and are relevant to other disorders, like depression and conduct disorder (CD). Regularized regression, a machine learning approach, was developed to allow identification of the most important variables in large datasets with correlated predictors. We aimed to identify critical predictors of BPD symptoms in late adolescence (ages 16-18) and determine the specificity of factors to BPD versus disorders with putatively similar etiology. METHOD We used a prospective longitudinal dataset (n = 2,450) of adolescent girls assessed on a range of clinical, psychosocial, and demographic factors, highlighted by previous research on BPD. Predictors were grouped by developmental periods: late childhood (8-10) and early (11-13) and mid-adolescence (14-15), yielding 128 variables from 41 constructs. The same variables were used in models predicting depression and CD symptoms. RESULTS The best-fitting model for BPD symptoms included 19 predictors and explained 33.2% of the variance. Five constructs - depressive and anxiety symptoms, self-control, harsh punishment, and poor social and school functioning - accounted for most of the variance explained. BPD was differentiated from CD by greater problems with mood and anxiety in BPD and differences in parenting risk factors. Whereas the biggest parenting risk for BPD was a punitive style of parenting, CD was predicted by both punitive and disengaged styles. BPD was differentiated from MDD by greater social problems and poor behavioral control in BPD. CONCLUSIONS The best predictors of BPD symptoms in adolescence are features suggesting complex comorbidity, affective activation, and problems with self-control. Though some risk factors were non-specific (e.g., inattention), the disorders were distinguished in clinically significant ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Beeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Nance
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexis Mattia
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joely M Lawless
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Layla Banihashemi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie D Stepp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Gard AM, Maxwell AM, Shaw DS, Mitchell C, Brooks-Gunn J, McLanahan SS, Forbes EE, Monk CS, Hyde LW. Beyond family-level adversities: Exploring the developmental timing of neighborhood disadvantage effects on the brain. Dev Sci 2021; 24:e12985. [PMID: 32416027 PMCID: PMC7669733 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing literature suggests that adversity is associated with later altered brain function, particularly within the corticolimbic system that supports emotion processing and salience detection (e.g., amygdala, prefrontal cortex [PFC]). Although neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been shown to predict maladaptive behavioral outcomes, particularly for boys, most of the research linking adversity to corticolimbic function has focused on family-level adversities. Moreover, although animal models and studies of normative brain development suggest that there may be sensitive periods during which adversity exerts stronger effects on corticolimbic development, little prospective evidence exists in humans. Using two low-income samples of boys (n = 167; n = 77), Census-derived neighborhood disadvantage during early childhood, but not adolescence, was uniquely associated with greater amygdala, but not PFC, reactivity to ambiguous neutral faces in adolescence and young adulthood. These associations remained after accounting for several family-level adversities (e.g., low family income, harsh parenting), highlighting the independent and developmentally specific neural effects of the neighborhood context. Furthermore, in both samples, indicators measuring income and poverty status of neighbors were predictive of amygdala function, suggesting that neighborhood economic resources may be critical to brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna M. Gard
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea M. Maxwell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara S. McLanahan
- Department of Sociology and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke W. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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46
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Eckstrand KL, Forbes EE, Bertocci MA, Chase HW, Greenberg T, Lockovich J, Stiffler R, Aslam HA, Graur S, Bebko G, Phillips ML. Trauma Affects Prospective Relationships Between Reward-Related Ventral Striatal and Amygdala Activation and 1-Year Future Hypo/Mania Trajectories. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 89:868-877. [PMID: 33536131 PMCID: PMC8052260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma exposure is associated with a more severe, persistent course of affective and anxiety symptoms. Markers of reward neural circuitry function, specifically activation to reward prediction error (RPE), are impacted by trauma and predict the future course of affective symptoms. This study's purpose was to determine how lifetime trauma exposure influences relationships between reward neural circuitry function and the course of future affective and anxiety symptoms in a naturalistic, transdiagnostic observational context. METHODS A total of 59 young adults aged 18-25 (48 female and 11 male participants, mean ± SD = 21.5 ± 2.0 years) experiencing psychological distress completed the study. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months. At baseline, the participants reported lifetime trauma events and completed a monetary reward functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Affective and anxiety symptoms were reported at each visit, and trajectories were calculated using MPlus. Neural activation during RPE and other phases of reward processing were determined using SPM8. Trauma and reward neural activation were entered as predictors of symptom trajectories. RESULTS Trauma exposure moderated prospective relationships between left ventral striatum (β = -1.29, p = .02) and right amygdala (β = 0.58, p = .04) activation to RPE and future hypo/mania severity trajectory: the interaction between greater trauma and greater left ventral striatum activation to RPE was associated with a shallower increase in hypo/mania severity, whereas the interaction between greater trauma and greater right amygdala activation to RPE was associated with increasing hypo/mania severity. CONCLUSIONS Trauma exposure affects prospective relationships between markers of reward circuitry function and affective symptom trajectories. Evaluating trauma exposure is thus crucial in naturalistic and treatment studies aiming to identify neural predictors of future affective symptom course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Eckstrand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michele A Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tsafrir Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeanette Lockovich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ricki Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haris A Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simona Graur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Chahal R, Weissman DG, Marek S, Rhoads SA, Hipwell AE, Forbes EE, Keenan K, Guyer AE. Girls' brain structural connectivity in late adolescence relates to history of depression symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:1224-1233. [PMID: 31879977 PMCID: PMC7316589 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Girls' depressive symptoms typically increase in adolescence, with individual differences in course and severity being key risk factors for impaired emotional functioning in young adulthood. Given the continued brain white matter (WM) maturation that occurs in adolescence, the present study tested whether structural connectivity patterns in late adolescence are associated with variation in the course of depression symptom severity throughout adolescence. METHOD Participants were girls (N = 115) enrolled in a multiyear prospective cohort study of risk for depression. Initial depression severity (intercept) at age 10 and change in severity (linear slope) across ages 10-19 were examined in relation to WM tractography collected at age 19. Network-based statistic analyses were used to identify clusters showing variation in structural connectivity in association with depressive symptom intercept, slope, and their interaction. RESULTS Higher initial depressive severity and steeper positive slope (separately) were associated with greater structural connectivity between temporal, subcortical socioaffective, and occipital regions. Intercept showed more connectivity associations than slope. The interaction effect indicated that higher initial symptom severity and a steeper negative slope (i.e., alleviating symptoms) were related to greater connectivity between cognitive control regions. Moderately severe symptoms that worsened over time were followed by greater connectivity between self-referential and cognitive regions (e.g., posterior cingulate and frontal gyrus). CONCLUSIONS Higher depressive symptom severity in early adolescence and increasing symptom severity over time may forecast structural connectivity differences in late adolescence, particularly in pathways involving cognitive and emotion-processing regions. Understanding how clinical course relates to neurobiological correlates may inform new treatment approaches to adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpreet Chahal
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
| | | | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shawn A. Rhoads
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Alison E. Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Amanda E. Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
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Morgan JK, Silk JS, Olino TM, Forbes EE. Depression Moderates Maternal Response to Preschoolers' Positive Affect. Infant Child Dev 2020; 29:e2198. [PMID: 33708011 PMCID: PMC7942750 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depression is associated with disrupted responsiveness during mother-infant dyadic interactions. Less research has evaluated whether responsivity between mother and offspring is altered in interactions during the preschool years, a period of vast socio-emotional development. In the current study, 72 mothers and preschoolers engaged in a positive emotion-eliciting task, in which they drew and talked about a recent fun experience, and independent coders separately rated mother and child emotion in 10-second intervals. Lagged multilevel models demonstrated that for dyads with currently depressed mothers, but not for healthy mothers or mothers with a past history of depression, greater child positive affect was associated with lower frequency and intensity of mother positive affect 10 seconds later. The effect of mother positive affect on child response was not significant. Findings suggest that the ability to acknowledge, imitate, and elaborate children's positive emotion during early childhood is altered in the context of depression, but that this altered responsiveness may improve with recovery from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Morgan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology
| | | | | | - Erika E Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
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Alarcón G, Morgan JK, Allen NB, Sheeber L, Silk JS, Forbes EE. Adolescent gender differences in neural reactivity to a friend's positive affect and real-world positive experiences in social contexts. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 43:100779. [PMID: 32510342 PMCID: PMC7183158 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Males reported more recent happy occasions with class/teammates than females. Males activated fusiform gyrus more than females while viewing unfamiliar peers. Striatum functional connectivity mediated gender differences in social behavior.
Peers become increasingly important during adolescence, with emerging gender differences in peer relationships associated with distinct behavioral and emotional outcomes. Males tend to socialize in larger peer groups with competitive interactions, whereas females engage in longer bouts of dyadic interaction with more intimacy. To examine gender differences in neural response to ecologically valid displays of positive affect and future social interactions, 52 adolescents (14–18 years old; female = 30) completed a social reward functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task with videos of a same-gender best friend (BF) or unfamiliar peer (UP) expressing positive (versus neutral) affect. Participants completed ecological momentary assessment of social experiences for two 5-day intervals. Compared with females, males more often reported that their happiest experience in the past hour occurred with class/teammates. Females and males displayed greater fusiform gyrus (FG) activation during BF and UP conditions, respectively (pvoxel<0.0001, pcluster<0.05, family-wise error). Compared with males, females exhibited greater nucleus accumbens (NAcc)-precuneus functional connectivity to BF Positive> UP Positive. An exploratory analysis indicated that the association of male gender with a greater proportion of positive experiences with class/teammates was statistically mediated by greater NAcc-precuneus functional connectivity. Gender differences in positive social experiences may be associated with reward and social cognition networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alarcón
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Lisa Sheeber
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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