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Nair VV, Kish BR, Oshima H, Wright AM, Wen Q, Schwichtenberg AJ, Tong Y. Amplitude fluctuations of cerebrovascular oscillations and CSF movement desynchronize during NREM3 sleep. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2025:271678X251337637. [PMID: 40370321 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x251337637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
Fluctuations in cerebral blood volume (CBV) are a dominant mechanism aiding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement in the brain during wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. However, it is unclear if the amplitudes of CBV oscillations also change in proportion to the changes in amplitude of CSF movement across specific NREM sleep states. It is also not known if the coupling strength between them varies between NREM sleep states. To investigate these relationships, we measured cerebral hemodynamics and craniad CSF movement at the fourth ventricle simultaneously during wakefulness and NREM sleep states using concurrent Electroencephalography and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We found that the amplitude fluctuations of cerebral hemodynamics and CSF oscillations desynchronize from one another only during deep NREM3 state, despite the strong mechanical coupling between CBV changes and CSF movement, which was consistent across all states. This suggests the existence of a different mechanism, linked to the cortical interstitial volume/resistance change, that regulates the NREM3 CSF inflow into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya V Nair
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brianna R Kish
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hideyuki Oshima
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Adam M Wright
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qiuting Wen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A J Schwichtenberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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2
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Imaizumi T, Suzuki K, Sakashita K, Ohwada R, Komura S, Tamada T. Brain pulsation demonstrated by CSF flow artifacts on FLAIR images might be associated with brain function. Eur J Radiol 2025; 189:112164. [PMID: 40381389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
The glymphatic system works to excrete waste products from the brain. If it breaks down, cognitive impairment can occur. The system is mainly driven by arterial and brain pulsation. Brain pulsation is recognized as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow artifacts on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. We investigated the factors associated with human brain pulsation. CSF flow artifact grade (score) was defined by comparing the highest intensity in a given region of interest (ROI) to those in reference ROIs of normal white matter in the centrum semiovale on FLAIR imaging. CSF flow scores for eight sites (lateral, third and fourth ventricles, aqueduct, and prepontine cisterns) were measured and summed for a total score (range, 0-16). The prevalence of each finding, specifically risk factors and neuroradiological findings, was compared using multivariate logistic regression models. We evaluated the findings in 1,000 adults (62.8 ± 9.5 years, 569 females) with no history of neurological disorders. Mean CSF flow score was 12.8 ± 1.6. Stepwise and multivariate analyses demonstrated that the score ≤11 as a dependent factor was positively associated with 100-7 test result ≤3, and frontal polar-cranium distance ≥2 mm, and negatively associated with female gender. In addition to frontal atrophy and female gender, the reduction of brain pulsation was associated with brain function during simple calculations as frontal lobe function. Brain pulsation might drive the glymphatic system, and reduction of the pulsation might disturb brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Imaizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital. 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan.
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital. 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Kyoya Sakashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital. 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Riku Ohwada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital. 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Shoichi Komura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital. 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital. 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
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3
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Agarwal N. A Clinical Primer on the Anatomy and Physiology of Neurofluids in the Human Brain. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2025; 35:167-180. [PMID: 40210375 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
The article explores the complex dynamics of neurofluids in the human brain, which comprises about 80% fluids, including arterial blood, venous blood, interstitial fluid (ISF), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Key sections detail the anatomy and physiology of the brain's arterial and venous systems, CSF dynamics, ISF, and the recently identified meningeal lymphatics. The article also examines the pathophysiology of various neurologic disorders, emphasizing the impact of fluid dynamics on brain health. In conclusion, it advocates for a holistic understanding of the brain's fluid compartments and their interactions to enhance clinical practices and treatment strategies for neurologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Agarwal
- Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy.
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4
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Song R, Min J, Wang S, Goodale SE, Rogge-Obando K, Yang R, Yoo HJ, Nashiro K, Chen JE, Mather M, Chang C. The Physiological Component of the BOLD Signal: Impact of Age and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.04.04.647252. [PMID: 40291713 PMCID: PMC12026741 DOI: 10.1101/2025.04.04.647252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
Aging is associated with declines in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, including reduced heart rate variability (HRV), impaired neurovascular coupling, and diminished cerebrovascular responsiveness-factors that may contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding how aging alters physiological signal integration in the brain is crucial for identifying potential interventions to promote brain health. This study examines age-related differences in how cardiac and respiratory fluctuations influence the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal, using two independent resting-state fMRI datasets with concurrent physiological recordings from younger and older adults. Our findings reveal significant age-related reductions in the percent variance of the BOLD signal explained by heart rate (HR), respiratory variation (RV), and end-tidal CO 2 , particularly in regions involved in autonomic regulation, including the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, basal ganglia, and white matter. Cross-correlation analysis also revealed that younger adults exhibited stronger HR-BOLD coupling in white matter, as well as a more rapid BOLD response to RV and CO 2 in gray matter. Additionally, we investigated the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) training, a non-invasive intervention designed to modulate heart rate oscillations. The intervention altered physiological-BOLD coupling in an age- and training-dependent manner: older adults who underwent HRV-BF to enhance HR oscillations exhibited a shift toward younger-like HR-BOLD coupling patterns, while younger adults who trained to suppress HR oscillations showed increased CO 2 -BOLD coupling. These findings suggest that HRV-BF may help mitigate age-related declines in autonomic or cerebrovascular function. Overall, this study underscores the role of physiological dynamics in brain aging and highlights the importance of considering autonomic function when interpreting BOLD signals. By demonstrating that HRV-BF can modulate physiological-BOLD interactions, our findings suggest a potential pathway for enhancing cerebrovascular function and preserving brain health across the lifespan.
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5
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Lucey BP. Sleep Alterations and Cognitive Decline. Semin Neurol 2025. [PMID: 40081821 DOI: 10.1055/a-2557-8422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances and cognitive decline are intricately connected, and both are prevalent in aging populations and individuals with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Sleep is vital for cognitive functions including memory consolidation, executive function, and attention. Disruption in these processes is associated with cognitive decline, although causal evidence is mixed. This review delves into the bidirectional relationship between alterations in sleep and cognitive impairment, exploring key mechanisms such as amyloid-β accumulation, tau pathology, synaptic homeostasis, neurotransmitter dysregulation, oxidative stress, and vascular contributions. Evidence from both experimental research and population-based studies underscores the necessity of early interventions targeting sleep to mitigate risks of neurodegenerative diseases. A deeper understanding of the interplay between sleep and cognitive health may pave the way for innovative strategies to prevent or reduce cognitive decline through improved sleep management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Center On Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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6
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Zimmermann J, Boudriot C, Eipert C, Hoffmann G, Nuttall R, Neumaier V, Bonhoeffer M, Schneider S, Schmitzer L, Kufer J, Kaczmarz S, Hedderich DM, Ranft A, Golkowski D, Priller J, Zimmer C, Ilg R, Schneider G, Preibisch C, Sorg C, Zott B. Total cerebral blood volume changes drive macroscopic cerebrospinal fluid flux in humans. PLoS Biol 2025; 23:e3003138. [PMID: 40273212 PMCID: PMC12061420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, the directed motion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-flux) is instrumental in the distribution and removal of solutes. Changes in total cerebral blood volume (CBV) have been hypothesized to drive CSF-flux. We tested this hypothesis in two multimodal brain imaging experiments in healthy humans, in which we drove large changes in total CBV by neuronal burst-suppression under anesthesia or by transient global vasodilation in a hypercapnic challenge. We indirectly monitored CBV changes with a high temporal resolution based on associated changes in total brain volume by functional MRI (fMRI) and measured cerebral blood flow by arterial spin-labeling. Relating CBV-sensitive signals to fMRI-derived measures of macroscopic CSF flow across the basal cisternae, we demonstrate that increasing total CBV extrudes CSF from the skull and decreasing CBV allows its influx. Moreover, CSF largely stagnates when CBV is stable. Together, our results establish the direct coupling between total CBV changes and CSF-flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clara Boudriot
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Eipert
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hoffmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Nuttall
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Neumaier
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Bonhoeffer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schneider
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Schmitzer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Kufer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Kaczmarz
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis M Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ranft
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Golkowski
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Neuropsychiatry, Berlin, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UKI DRI, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Ilg
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Stadtklinik Bad Tölz, Bad Tölz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Preibisch
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Zott
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
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7
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Picchioni D, Yang FN, de Zwart JA, Wang Y, Mandelkow H, Özbay PS, Chen G, Taylor PA, Lam N, Chappel-Farley MG, Chang C, Liu J, van Gelderen P, Duyn JH. Arousal threshold reveals novel neural markers of sleep depth independently from the conventional sleep stages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2024.08.09.607376. [PMID: 39149368 PMCID: PMC11326234 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.607376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Reports of sleep-specific brain activity patterns have been constrained by assessing brain function as it related to the conventional polysomnographic sleep stages. This limits the variety of sleep states and underlying activity patterns that one can discover. The current study used all-night functional MRI sleep data and defined sleep behaviorally with auditory arousal threshold (AAT) to characterize sleep depth better by searching for novel neural markers of sleep depth that are neuroanatomically localized and temporally unrelated to the conventional stages. Functional correlation values calculated in a four-min time window immediately before the determination of AAT were entered into a linear mixed effects model, allowing multiple arousals across the night per subject into the analysis, and compared to models with sleep stage to determine the unique relationships with AAT. These unique relationships were for thalamocerebellar correlations, the relationship between the right language network and the right "default-mode network dorsal medial prefrontal cortex subsystem," and the relationship between thalamus and ventral attention network. These novel neural markers of sleep depth would have remained undiscovered if the data were merely analyzed with the conventional sleep stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Picchioni
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Fan Nils Yang
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Yicun Wang
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, USA
| | - Hendrik Mandelkow
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
- Artificial Intelligence for Image-Guided Therapy, Koninklijke Philips, Netherlands
| | - Pinar S Özbay
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Turkey
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, USA
| | - Paul A Taylor
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, USA
| | - Niki Lam
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Miranda G Chappel-Farley
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Science, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Jiaen Liu
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
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8
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Bailes SM, Williams SD, Ashenagar B, Licata J, Bosli MY, Dormes BJ, Yun HJ, Zimmerman D, Moyers AH, Salat DH, Lewis LD. The aging human brain exhibits reduced cerebrospinal fluid flow during sleep due to both neural and vascular factors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.02.22.639649. [PMID: 40060413 PMCID: PMC11888257 DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.22.639649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Aging reduces the quality and quantity of sleep, and greater sleep loss over the lifespan is predictive of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. One mechanism by which sleep loss could contribute to impaired brain health is through disruption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. CSF is the primary waste transport system of the brain, and in young adults, CSF waves are largest during NREM sleep. However, whether sleep-dependent brain fluid physiology changes in aging is not known, due to the technical challenges of performing neuroimaging studies during sleep. We collected simultaneous fast fMRI and EEG data to measure large-scale CSF flow in healthy young and older adults and tested whether there were age-related changes to CSF dynamics during nighttime sleep. We found that sleep-dependent CSF flow was reduced in older adults, and this reduction was linked to impaired frontal EEG delta power and global hemodynamic oscillations during sleep. To identify mechanisms underlying reduced CSF flow, we used sensory and vasoactive stimuli to drive CSF flow in daytime task experiments, and found that both neural and cerebrovascular physiological changes contributed to the disruption of CSF flow during sleep. Finally, we found that this reduction in CSF flow was associated with gray matter atrophy in aging. Together, these results demonstrate that the aging human brain has reduced CSF flow during sleep, and identifies underlying neurovascular mechanisms that contribute to this age-related decline, suggesting targets for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M Bailes
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie D Williams
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Baarbod Ashenagar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Licata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Massinissa Y Bosli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brandon J Dormes
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hannah J Yun
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Dabriel Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandra Hernandez Moyers
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Laura D Lewis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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9
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Pereira M, Chen X, Paltarzhytskaya A, Pacheсo Y, Muller N, Bovy L, Lei X, Chen W, Ren H, Song C, Lewis LD, Dang-Vu TT, Czisch M, Picchioni D, Duyn J, Peigneux P, Tagliazucchi E, Dresler M. Sleep neuroimaging: Review and future directions. J Sleep Res 2025:e14462. [PMID: 39940102 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/14/2025]
Abstract
Sleep research has evolved considerably since the first sleep electroencephalography recordings in the 1930s and the discovery of well-distinguishable sleep stages in the 1950s. While electrophysiological recordings have been used to describe the sleeping brain in much detail, since the 1990s neuroimaging techniques have been applied to uncover the brain organization and functional connectivity of human sleep with greater spatial resolution. The combination of electroencephalography with different neuroimaging modalities such as positron emission tomography, structural magnetic resonance imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging imposes several challenges for sleep studies, for instance, the need to combine polysomnographic recordings to assess sleep stages accurately, difficulties maintaining and consolidating sleep in an unfamiliar and restricted environment, scanner-induced distortions with physiological artefacts that may contaminate polysomnography recordings, and the necessity to account for all physiological changes throughout the sleep cycles to ensure better data interpretability. Here, we review the field of sleep neuroimaging in healthy non-sleep-deprived populations, from early findings to more recent developments. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of applying concurrent electroencephalography and imaging techniques to sleep, which consequently have impacted the sample size and generalizability of studies, and possible future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pereira
- Donders Institute of Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Donders Institute of Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yibran Pacheсo
- Donders Institute of Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nils Muller
- Donders Institute of Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leonore Bovy
- Donders Institute of Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology & Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Ren
- School of Health and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Song
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura D Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University & Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Dante Picchioni
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeff Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Centre de Recherches Cognition et Neurosciences, and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Latin American Brain Health Institute, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute of Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Hauglund NL, Andersen M, Tokarska K, Radovanovic T, Kjaerby C, Sørensen FL, Bojarowska Z, Untiet V, Ballestero SB, Kolmos MG, Weikop P, Hirase H, Nedergaard M. Norepinephrine-mediated slow vasomotion drives glymphatic clearance during sleep. Cell 2025; 188:606-622.e17. [PMID: 39788123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
As the brain transitions from wakefulness to sleep, processing of external information diminishes while restorative processes, such as glymphatic removal of waste products, are activated. Yet, it is not known what drives brain clearance during sleep. We here employed an array of technologies and identified tightly synchronized oscillations in norepinephrine, cerebral blood volume, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as the strongest predictors of glymphatic clearance during NREM sleep. Optogenetic stimulation of the locus coeruleus induced anti-correlated changes in vasomotion and CSF signal. Furthermore, stimulation of arterial oscillations enhanced CSF inflow, demonstrating that vasomotion acts as a pump driving CSF into the brain. On the contrary, the sleep aid zolpidem suppressed norepinephrine oscillations and glymphatic flow, highlighting the critical role of norepinephrine-driven vascular dynamics in brain clearance. Thus, the micro-architectural organization of NREM sleep, driven by norepinephrine fluctuations and vascular dynamics, is a key determinant for glymphatic clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Hauglund
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mie Andersen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Klaudia Tokarska
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tessa Radovanovic
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Celia Kjaerby
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Frederikke L Sørensen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zuzanna Bojarowska
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Verena Untiet
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sheyla B Ballestero
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mie G Kolmos
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Pia Weikop
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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11
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Kandimalla M, Lim S, Thakkar J, Dewan S, Kang D, In MH, Jo HJ, Jang DP, Nedelska Z, Lapid MI, Shu Y, Cheon-Pyung, Cogswell PM, Lowe VJ, Lee J, Min HK. Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal. Neuroimage 2025; 306:121000. [PMID: 39753161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory signals have long been treated as "noise" in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, with the goal of minimizing their impact to isolate neural activity. However, there is a growing recognition that these signals, once seen as confounding variables, provide valuable insights into brain function and overall health. This shift reflects the dynamic interaction between the cardiovascular, respiratory, and neural systems, which together support brain activity. In this review, we explore the role of cardiorespiratory dynamics-such as heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and changes in blood flow, oxygenation, and carbon dioxide levels-embedded within fMRI signals. These physiological signals reflect critical aspects of neurovascular coupling and are influenced by factors such as physiological stress, breathing patterns, and age-related changes. We also discuss the complexities of distinguishing these signals from neuronal activity in fMRI data, given their significant contribution to signal variability and interactions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recognizing the influence of these cardiorespiratory dynamics is crucial for improving the interpretation of fMRI data, shedding light on heart-brain and respiratory-brain connections, and enhancing our understanding of circulation, oxygen delivery, and waste elimination within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seokbeen Lim
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jay Thakkar
- Department of Radiology, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sannidhi Dewan
- Department of Radiology, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daehun Kang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Myung-Ho In
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hang Joon Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria I Lapid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yunhong Shu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cheon-Pyung
- Seokmun Hoheup Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeyeon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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12
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Chen JE, Lewis LD, Coursey SE, Catana C, Polimeni JR, Fan J, Droppa KS, Patel R, Wey HY, Chang C, Manoach DS, Price JC, Sander CY, Rosen BR. Simultaneous EEG-PET-MRI identifies temporally coupled, spatially structured hemodynamic and metabolic dynamics across wakefulness and NREM sleep. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.01.17.633689. [PMID: 39868228 PMCID: PMC11761522 DOI: 10.1101/2025.01.17.633689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
Sleep entails significant changes in cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism. Yet, the way these processes evolve throughout wakefulness and sleep and their spatiotemporal dependence remain largely unknown. Here, by integrating a novel functional PET technique with simultaneous EEG-fMRI, we reveal a tightly coupled temporal progression of global hemodynamics and metabolism during the descent into NREM sleep, with large hemodynamic fluctuations emerging as global glucose metabolism declines, both of which track EEG arousal dynamics. Furthermore, we identify two distinct network patterns that emerge during NREM sleep: an oscillating, high-metabolism sensorimotor network remains active and dynamic, whereas hemodynamic and metabolic activity in the default-mode network is suppressed. These results elucidate how sleep diminishes awareness while preserving sensory responses, and uncover a complex, alternating balance of neuronal, hemodynamic, and metabolic dynamics in the sleeping brain. This work also demonstrates the potential of EEG-PET-MRI to explore neuro-hemo-metabolic dynamics underlying cognition and arousal in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan E. Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura D. Lewis
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Sean E. Coursey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle S Droppa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudra Patel
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dara S. Manoach
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie C. Price
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christin Y. Sander
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R. Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Meinhold L, Gennari AG, Baumann-Vogel H, Werth E, Schreiner SJ, Ineichen C, Baumann CR, O’Gorman Tuura R. T2 MRI visible perivascular spaces in Parkinson's disease: clinical significance and association with polysomnography measured sleep. Sleep 2025; 48:zsae233. [PMID: 39377177 PMCID: PMC11725513 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality might contribute to the risk and progression of neurodegenerative disorders via deficient cerebral waste clearance functions during sleep. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we explore the link between enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS), a putative marker of sleep-dependent glymphatic clearance, with sleep quality and motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 20 patients and 17 healthy control participants were estimated visually for PVS in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO). The patient group additionally underwent a single-night polysomnography. Readouts included polysomnographic sleep features and slow-wave activity (SWA), a quantitative EEG marker of sleep depth. Associations between PVS counts, PD symptoms (MDS-UPDRS scores), and sleep parameters were evaluated using correlation and regression analyses. Intra- and inter-rater reproducibility was assessed with weighted Cohen`s kappa coefficient. BG and CSO PVS counts in both patients and controls did not differ significantly between groups. In patients, PVS in both brain regions was negatively associated with SWA (1-2 Hz; BG: r(15) = -.58, padj = .015 and CSO: r(15) = -.6, padj = .015). Basal ganglia PVS counts were positively associated with motor symptoms of daily living (IRR = 1.05, CI [1.01, 1.09], p = .007, padj = .026) and antidepressant use (IRR = 1.37, CI [1.05, 1.80], p = .021, padj = .043) after controlling for age. Centrum Semiovale PVS counts in patients were positively associated with a diagnosis of REM sleep behavior disorder (IRR = 1.39, CI [1.06, 1.84], p = .018, padj = .11). These results add to evidence that sleep deterioration may play a role in impairing glymphatic clearance via altered perivascular function, potentially contributing to disease severity in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Meinhold
- Center for MR Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich Sleep & Health Competence Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio G Gennari
- Center for MR Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heide Baumann-Vogel
- Zentrum für Soziale Psychiatrie, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Werth
- University of Zurich Sleep & Health Competence Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon J Schreiner
- University of Zurich Sleep & Health Competence Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian R Baumann
- University of Zurich Sleep & Health Competence Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth O’Gorman Tuura
- Center for MR Research, University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich Sleep & Health Competence Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Zeng X, Hua L, Ma G, Zhao Z, Yuan Z. Dysregulated neurofluid coupling as a new noninvasive biomarker for primary progressive aphasia. Neuroimage 2024; 303:120924. [PMID: 39547457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of pathological tau is one of the primary causes of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). The glymphatic system is crucial for removing metabolite waste from the brain whereas impairments in glymphatic clearance in PPA are poorly understood. Thus, this study aims to investigate the role of dysregulated macroscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement in PPA. Fifty-six PPA individuals and ninety-four healthy controls were included in our analysis after excluding those with excessive head motions during the scan. The coupling strength between blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the gray matter and CSF flow was calculated using Pearson correlation and compared between the groups. Its associations with clinical characteristics including scores from Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini-Mental State Exam, Geriatric Depression Scale and with morphological measures in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were examined. PPA subjects exhibited weaker global BOLD-CSF coupling compared to HCs, indicating impairments in glymphatic function in the patients (p = 0.01). In the PPA but not HC group, global BOLD-CSF coupling correlated with the CDR scores (p = 0.04) and hippocampal volume (p = 0.009). The observed decoupling between global brain activity and CSF flow and its association with symptomatology and brain structural changes in PPA converges with previous reports on the same measure in other neurodegenerative diseases. These findings support the potential role of global BOLD-CSF coupling as a noninvasive marker for glymphatic dysregulation in PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Zeng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lin Hua
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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15
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Yang Z, Williams SD, Beldzik E, Anakwe S, Schimmelpfennig E, Lewis LD. Attentional failures after sleep deprivation represent moments of cerebrospinal fluid flow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.11.15.623271. [PMID: 39605725 PMCID: PMC11601381 DOI: 10.1101/2024.11.15.623271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation rapidly disrupts cognitive function, and in the long term contributes to neurological disease. Why sleep deprivation has such profound effects on cognition is not well understood. Here, we use simultaneous fast fMRI-EEG to test how sleep deprivation modulates cognitive, neural, and fluid dynamics in the human brain. We demonstrate that after sleep deprivation, sleep-like pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow events intrude into the awake state. CSF flow is coupled to attentional function, with high flow during attentional impairment. Furthermore, CSF flow is tightly orchestrated in a series of brain-body changes including broadband neuronal shifts, pupil constriction, and altered systemic physiology, pointing to a coupled system of fluid dynamics and neuromodulatory state. The timing of these dynamics is consistent with a vascular mechanism regulated by neuromodulatory state, in which CSF begins to flow outward when attention fails, and flow reverses when attention recovers. The attentional costs of sleep deprivation may thus reflect an irrepressible need for neuronal rest periods and widespread pulsatile fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinong Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Williams
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychological & Brain Sciences., Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ewa Beldzik
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Anakwe
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emilia Schimmelpfennig
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura D. Lewis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Pourmotabbed H, Martin CG, Goodale SE, Doss DJ, Wang S, Bayrak RG, Kang H, Morgan VL, Englot DJ, Chang C. Multimodal state-dependent connectivity analysis of arousal and autonomic centers in the brainstem and basal forebrain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.11.11.623092. [PMID: 39605337 PMCID: PMC11601260 DOI: 10.1101/2024.11.11.623092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Vigilance is a continuously altering state of cortical activation that influences cognition and behavior and is disrupted in multiple brain pathologies. Neuromodulatory nuclei in the brainstem and basal forebrain are implicated in arousal regulation and are key drivers of widespread neuronal activity and communication. However, it is unclear how their large-scale brain network architecture changes across dynamic variations in vigilance state (i.e., alertness and drowsiness). In this study, we leverage simultaneous EEG and 3T multi-echo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to elucidate the vigilance-dependent connectivity of arousal regulation centers in the brainstem and basal forebrain. During states of low vigilance, most of the neuromodulatory nuclei investigated here exhibit a stronger global correlation pattern and greater connectivity to the thalamus, precuneus, and sensory and motor cortices. In a more alert state, the nuclei exhibit the strongest connectivity to the salience, default mode, and auditory networks. These vigilance-dependent correlation patterns persist even after applying multiple preprocessing strategies to reduce systemic vascular effects. To validate our findings, we analyze two large 3T and 7T fMRI datasets from the Human Connectome Project and demonstrate that the static and vigilance-dependent connectivity profiles of the arousal nuclei are reproducible across 3T multi-echo, 3T single-echo, and 7T single-echo fMRI modalities. Overall, this work provides novel insights into the role of neuromodulatory systems in vigilance-related brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haatef Pourmotabbed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caroline G. Martin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah E. Goodale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek J. Doss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roza G. Bayrak
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Victoria L. Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dario J. Englot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Liu X. Decoupling Between Brain Activity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Movement in Neurological Disorders. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:1743-1752. [PMID: 37991132 PMCID: PMC11109023 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified a link between the global mean signal of resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) and macro-scale cerebrospinal fluid movement, indicating the potential link between this resting-state dynamic and brain waste clearance. Consistent with this notion, the strength of this coupling has been associated with multiple neurodegenerative disease pathologies, especially the build-up of toxic proteins. This article aimed to review the latest advancements in this research area, emphasizing studies on spontaneous global brain activity that is tightly linked to the global mean resting-state fMRI signal, and aimed to discuss potential mechanisms through which this activity and associated physiological modulations might affect brain waste clearance. The available evidence supports the presence of a highly organized global brain activity that is linked to arousal and memory systems. This global brain dynamic, along with its associated physiological modulations, has the potential to influence brain waste clearance through multiple pathways through multiple pathways. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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18
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Tuunanen J, Helakari H, Huotari N, Väyrynen T, Järvelä M, Kananen J, Kivipää A, Raitamaa L, Ebrahimi SM, Kallio M, Piispala J, Kiviniemi V, Korhonen V. Cardiovascular and vasomotor pulsations in the brain and periphery during awake and NREM sleep in a multimodal fMRI study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1457732. [PMID: 39440186 PMCID: PMC11493778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1457732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the human brain are driven by physiological pulsations, including cardiovascular pulses and very low-frequency (< 0.1 Hz) vasomotor waves. Ultrafast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) facilitates the simultaneous measurement of these signals from venous and arterial compartments independently with both classical venous blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and faster arterial spin-phase contrast. Methods In this study, we compared the interaction of these two pulsations in awake and sleep using fMRI and peripheral fingertip photoplethysmography in both arterial and venous signals in 10 healthy subjects (5 female). Results Sleep increased the power of brain cardiovascular pulsations, decreased peripheral pulsation, and desynchronized them. However, vasomotor waves increase power and synchronicity in both brain and peripheral signals during sleep. Peculiarly, lag between brain and peripheral vasomotor signals reversed in sleep within the default mode network. Finally, sleep synchronized cerebral arterial vasomotor waves with venous BOLD waves within distinct parasagittal brain tissue. Discussion These changes in power and pulsation synchrony may reflect systemic sleep-related changes in vascular control between the periphery and brain vasculature, while the increased synchrony of arterial and venous compartments may reflect increased convection of regional neurofluids in parasagittal areas in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tuunanen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heta Helakari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Huotari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Väyrynen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Järvelä
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Kananen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annastiina Kivipää
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Raitamaa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seyed-Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kallio
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Piispala
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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19
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Yang FN, Picchioni D, de Zwart JA, Wang Y, van Gelderen P, Duyn JH. Reproducible, data-driven characterization of sleep based on brain dynamics and transitions from whole-night fMRI. eLife 2024; 13:RP98739. [PMID: 39331523 PMCID: PMC11434609 DOI: 10.7554/elife.98739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of sleep requires studying the dynamics of brain activity across whole-night sleep and their transitions. However, current gold standard polysomnography (PSG) has limited spatial resolution to track brain activity. Additionally, previous fMRI studies were too short to capture full sleep stages and their cycling. To study whole-brain dynamics and transitions across whole-night sleep, we used an unsupervised learning approach, the Hidden Markov model (HMM), on two-night, 16 hr fMRI recordings of 12 non-sleep-deprived participants who reached all PSG-based sleep stages. This method identified 21 recurring brain states and their transition probabilities, beyond PSG-defined sleep stages. The HMM trained on one night accurately predicted the other, demonstrating unprecedented reproducibility. We also found functionally relevant subdivisions within rapid eye movement (REM) and within non-REM 2 stages. This study provides new insights into brain dynamics and transitions during sleep, aiding our understanding of sleep disorders that impact sleep transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Dante Picchioni
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Yicun Wang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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20
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Deng S, Hu Y, Chen S, Xue Y, Yao D, Sun Q, Nedergaard M, Wang W, Ding F. Chronic sleep fragmentation impairs brain interstitial clearance in young wildtype mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1515-1531. [PMID: 38639025 PMCID: PMC11418708 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241230188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that most chronic neurological diseases have a link with sleep disturbances, and that patients with chronically poor sleep undergo an accelerated cognitive decline. Indeed, a single-night of sleep deprivation may increase metabolic waste levels in cerebrospinal fluid. However, it remains unknown how chronic sleep disturbances in isolation from an underlying neurological disease may affect the glymphatic system. Clearance of brain interstitial waste by the glymphatic system occurs primarily during sleep, driven by multiple oscillators including arterial pulsatility, and vasomotion. Herein, we induced sleep fragmentation in young wildtype mice and assessed the effects on glymphatic activity and cognitive functions. Chronic sleep fragmentation reduced glymphatic function and impaired cognitive functions in healthy mice. A mechanistic analysis showed that the chronic sleep fragmentation suppressed slow vasomotion, without altering cardiac-driven pulsations. Taken together, results of this study document that chronic sleep fragmentation suppresses brain metabolite clearance and impairs cognition, even in the absence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyue Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yusi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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21
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Fink CG, Sanda P, Bayer L, Abeysinghe E, Bazhenov M, Krishnan GP. Python/NEURON code for simulating biophysically realistic thalamocortical dynamics during sleep. SOFTWARE IMPACTS 2024; 21:100667. [PMID: 39345726 PMCID: PMC11434128 DOI: 10.1016/j.simpa.2024.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the function of sleep and its associated neural rhythms is an important goal in neuroscience. While many theoretical models of neural dynamics during sleep exist, few include the effects of neuromodulators on sleep oscillations and describe transitions between sleep and wake states or different sleep stages. Here, we started with a C++-based thalamocortical network model that describes characteristic thalamic and cortical oscillations specific to sleep. This model, which includes a biophysically realistic description of intrinsic and synaptic channels, allows for testing the effects of different neuromodulators, intrinsic cell properties, and synaptic connectivity on neural dynamics during sleep. We present a complete reimplementation of this previously-published sleep model in the standardized NEURON/Python framework, making it more accessible to the wider scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Sanda
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Yang FN, Picchioni D, de Zwart JA, Wang Y, van Gelderen P, Duyn JH. Reproducible, data-driven characterization of sleep based on brain dynamics and transitions from whole-night fMRI. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.24.24306208. [PMID: 38903093 PMCID: PMC11188122 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.24306208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the function of sleep requires studying the dynamics of brain activity across whole-night sleep and their transitions. However, current gold standard polysomnography (PSG) has limited spatial resolution to track brain activity. Additionally, previous fMRI studies were too short to capture full sleep stages and their cycling. To study whole-brain dynamics and transitions across whole-night sleep, we used an unsupervised learning approach, the Hidden Markov model (HMM), on two-night, 16-hour fMRI recordings of 12 non-sleep-deprived participants who reached all PSG-based sleep stages. This method identified 21 recurring brain states and their transition probabilities, beyond PSG-defined sleep stages. The HMM trained on one night accurately predicted the other, demonstrating unprecedented reproducibility. We also found functionally relevant subdivisions within rapid eye movement (REM) and within non-REM 2 stages. This study provides new insights into brain dynamics and transitions during sleep, aiding our understanding of sleep disorders that impact sleep transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dante Picchioni
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yicun Wang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Bolt T, Wang S, Nomi JS, Setton R, Gold BP, Frederick BD, Yeo BTT, Chen JJ, Picchioni D, Spreng RN, Keilholz SD, Uddin LQ, Chang C. Widespread Autonomic Physiological Coupling Across the Brain-Body Axis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.19.524818. [PMID: 39131291 PMCID: PMC11312447 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The brain is closely attuned to visceral signals from the body's internal environment, as evidenced by the numerous associations between neural, hemodynamic, and peripheral physiological signals. We show that these brain-body co-fluctuations can be captured by a single spatiotemporal pattern. Across several independent samples, as well as single-echo and multi-echo fMRI data acquisition sequences, we identify widespread co-fluctuations in the low-frequency range (0.01 - 0.1 Hz) between resting-state global fMRI signals, neural activity, and a host of autonomic signals spanning cardiovascular, pulmonary, exocrine and smooth muscle systems. The same brain-body co-fluctuations observed at rest are elicited by arousal induced by cued deep breathing and intermittent sensory stimuli, as well as spontaneous phasic EEG events during sleep. Further, we show that the spatial structure of global fMRI signals is maintained under experimental suppression of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) variations, suggesting that respiratory-driven fluctuations in arterial CO2 accompanying arousal cannot explain the origin of these signals in the brain. These findings establish the global fMRI signal as a significant component of the arousal response governed by the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Bolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roni Setton
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Gold
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Blaise deB Frederick
- Brain Imaging Center McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Centre for Translational MR Research, Centre for Sleep & Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Jean Chen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dante Picchioni
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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24
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Burman R, Alperin N. CSF-to-blood toxins clearance is modulated by breathing through cranio-spinal CSF oscillation. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14029. [PMID: 37734843 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Clearance of brain toxins occurs during sleep, although the mechanism remains unknown. Previous studies implied that the intracranial aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oscillations are involved, but no mechanism was suggested. The rationale for focusing on the aqueductal CSF oscillations is unclear. This study focuses on the cranio-spinal CSF oscillation and the factors that modulate this flow. We propose a mechanism where increased cranio-spinal CSF movements enhance CSF-to-blood metabolic waste clearance through the spinal CSF re-absorption sites. A recent study demonstrating that disturbed sleep impairs CSF-to-blood but not brain-to-CSF clearance, supports the fundamentals of our proposed mechanism. Eight healthy subjects underwent phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the effect of respiration on the cranio-spinal CSF oscillations. Maximal CSF volume displaced from the cranium to the spinal canal during each respiration and cardiac cycle were derived as measures of cranio-spinal CSF mixing level. Transition from normal to slow and abdominal breathing resulted in a 56% increase in the maximal displaced CSF volume. Maximal change in the arterial-venous blood volume, which is the driving force of the CSF oscillations, was increased by 41% during slow abdominal breathing. Cranio-spinal CSF oscillations are driven by the momentary difference between arterial inflow and venous outflow. Breathing modulates the CSF oscillation through changes in the venous outflow. The amount of toxins being transferred to the spinal canal during each respiratory cycle is significantly increased during slow and deeper abdominal breathing, which explains enhanced CSF-to-blood toxins clearance during slow-wave sleep and poor clearance during disrupted sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritambhar Burman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Noam Alperin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Radiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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25
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Landvater J, Kim S, Caswell K, Kwon C, Odafe E, Roe G, Tripathi A, Vukovics C, Wang J, Ryan K, Cocozza V, Brock M, Tchopev Z, Tonkin B, Capaldi V, Collen J, Creamer J, Irfan M, Wickwire EM, Williams S, Werner JK. Traumatic brain injury and sleep in military and veteran populations: A literature review. NeuroRehabilitation 2024; 55:245-270. [PMID: 39121144 PMCID: PMC11613026 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a hallmark of wartime injury and is related to numerous sleep wake disorders (SWD), which persist long term in veterans. Current knowledge gaps in pathophysiology have hindered advances in diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE We reviewed TBI SWD pathophysiology, comorbidities, diagnosis and treatment that have emerged over the past two decades. METHODS We conducted a literature review of English language publications evaluating sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnias, restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder) and TBI published since 2000. We excluded studies that were not specifically evaluating TBI populations. RESULTS Highlighted areas of interest and knowledge gaps were identified in TBI pathophysiology and mechanisms of sleep disruption, a comparison of TBI SWD and post-traumatic stress disorder SWD. The role of TBI and glymphatic biomarkers and management strategies for TBI SWD will also be discussed. CONCLUSION Our understanding of the pathophysiologic underpinnings of TBI and sleep health, particularly at the basic science level, is limited. Developing an understanding of biomarkers, neuroimaging, and mixed-methods research in comorbid TBI SWD holds the greatest promise to advance our ability to diagnose and monitor response to therapy in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Landvater
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon Kim
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keenan Caswell
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Kwon
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emamoke Odafe
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace Roe
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ananya Tripathi
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Wang
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keith Ryan
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew Brock
- Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zahari Tchopev
- Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Brionn Tonkin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vincent Capaldi
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Collen
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Muna Irfan
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emerson M. Wickwire
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott Williams
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Defense Health Headquarters, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - J. Kent Werner
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Helakari H, Järvelä M, Väyrynen T, Tuunanen J, Piispala J, Kallio M, Ebrahimi SM, Poltojainen V, Kananen J, Elabasy A, Huotari N, Raitamaa L, Tuovinen T, Korhonen V, Nedergaard M, Kiviniemi V. Effect of sleep deprivation and NREM sleep stage on physiological brain pulsations. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1275184. [PMID: 38105924 PMCID: PMC10722275 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1275184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep increases brain fluid transport and the power of pulsations driving the fluids. We investigated how sleep deprivation or electrophysiologically different stages of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep affect the human brain pulsations. Methods Fast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in healthy subjects (n = 23) with synchronous electroencephalography (EEG), that was used to verify arousal states (awake, N1 and N2 sleep). Cardiorespiratory rates were verified with physiological monitoring. Spectral power analysis assessed the strength, and spectral entropy assessed the stability of the pulsations. Results In N1 sleep, the power of vasomotor (VLF < 0.1 Hz), but not cardiorespiratory pulsations, intensified after sleep deprived vs. non-sleep deprived subjects. The power of all three pulsations increased as a function of arousal state (N2 > N1 > awake) encompassing brain tissue in both sleep stages, but extra-axial CSF spaces only in N2 sleep. Spectral entropy of full band and respiratory pulsations decreased most in N2 sleep stage, while cardiac spectral entropy increased in ventricles. Discussion In summary, the sleep deprivation and sleep depth, both increase the power and harmonize the spectral content of human brain pulsations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Helakari
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Järvelä
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Väyrynen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuunanen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Piispala
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kallio
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seyed Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valter Poltojainen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Kananen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ahmed Elabasy
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Huotari
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Raitamaa
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Tuovinen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center of Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center of Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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27
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Esfahani MJ, Farboud S, Ngo HVV, Schneider J, Weber FD, Talamini LM, Dresler M. Closed-loop auditory stimulation of sleep slow oscillations: Basic principles and best practices. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105379. [PMID: 37660843 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is essential for our physical and mental well-being. During sleep, despite the paucity of overt behavior, our brain remains active and exhibits a wide range of coupled brain oscillations. In particular slow oscillations are characteristic for sleep, however whether they are directly involved in the functions of sleep, or are mere epiphenomena, is not yet fully understood. To disentangle the causality of these relationships, experiments utilizing techniques to detect and manipulate sleep oscillations in real-time are essential. In this review, we first overview the theoretical principles of closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) as a method to study the role of slow oscillations in the functions of sleep. We then describe technical guidelines and best practices to perform CLAS and analyze results from such experiments. We further provide an overview of how CLAS has been used to investigate the causal role of slow oscillations in various sleep functions. We close by discussing important caveats, open questions, and potential topics for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soha Farboud
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, the Netherlands
| | - Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Center for Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jules Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Frederik D Weber
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, the Netherlands; Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia M Talamini
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, the Netherlands.
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28
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Vijayakrishnan Nair V, Kish BR, Chong PL, Yang HCS, Wu YC, Tong Y, Schwichtenberg AJ. Neurofluid coupling during sleep and wake states. Sleep Med 2023; 110:44-53. [PMID: 37536211 PMCID: PMC11022242 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical populations, the movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during sleep is a growing area of research with potential mechanistic connections in both neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease) and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, we know relatively little about the processes that influence CSF movement. To inform clinical intervention targets this study assesses the coupling between (a) real-time CSF movement, (b) neuronal-driven movement, and (c) non-neuronal systemic physiology driven movement. METHODS This study included eight young, healthy volunteers, with concurrently acquired neurofluid dynamics using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), neural activity using Electroencephalography (EEG), and non-neuronal systemic physiology with peripheral functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Neuronal and non-neuronal drivers were assessed temporally; wherein, EEG measured slow wave activity that preceded CSF movement was considered neuronally driven. Similarly, slow wave oscillations (assessed via fNIRS) that coupled with CSF movement were considered non-neuronal systemic physiology driven. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results document neural contributions to CSF movement were only present during light NREM sleep but low-frequency non-neuronal oscillations were strongly coupled with CSF movement in all assessed states - awake, NREM-1, NREM-2. The clinical/research implications of these findings are two-fold. First, neuronal-driven oscillations contribute to CSF movement outside of deep sleep (NREM-3); therefore, interventions aimed at increasing CSF movement may yield meaningful increases with the promotion of NREM sleep more generally - a focus on NREM S3 may not be needed. Second, non-neuronal systemic oscillations contribute across wake and sleep stages; therefore, interventions may increase CSF movement by manipulating systemic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brianna R Kish
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Pearlynne Lh Chong
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ho-Ching Shawn Yang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yu-Chien Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - A J Schwichtenberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Shokri-Kojori E, Tomasi D, Demiral SB, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. An autonomic mode of brain activity. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 229:102510. [PMID: 37516341 PMCID: PMC10591458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of interactions between autonomic and central nervous systems remains unclear for human brain function and health, particularly when both systems are challenged under sleep deprivation (SD). We measured brain activity (with fMRI), pulse and respiratory signals, and baseline brain amyloid beta burden (with PET) in healthy participants. We found that SD relative to rested wakefulness (RW) resulted in a significant increase in synchronized low frequency (LF, < 0.1 Hz) activity in an autonomically-related network (AN), including dorsal attention, visual, and sensorimotor regions, which we previously found to have consistent temporal coupling with LF pulse signal changes (regulated by sympathetic tone). SD resulted in a significant phase coherence between the LF component of the pulse signal and a medial network with peak effects in the midbrain reticular formation, and between LF component of the respiratory variations (regulated by respiratory motor output) and a cerebellar network. The LF power of AN during SD was significantly and independently correlated with pulse-medial network and respiratory-cerebellar network phase coherences (total adjusted R2 = 0.78). Higher LF power of AN during SD (but not RW) was associated with lower amyloid beta burden (Cohen's d = 0.8). In sum, SD triggered an autonomic mode of synchronized brain activity that was associated with distinct autonomic-central interactions. Findings highlight the direct relevance of global cortical synchronization to brain clearance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sukru B Demiral
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Han F, Lee J, Chen X, Ziontz J, Ward T, Landau SM, Baker SL, Harrison TM, Jagust WJ. Global brain activity and its coupling with cerebrospinal fluid flow is related to tau pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557492. [PMID: 37745434 PMCID: PMC10515801 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposition constitute Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Cortical tau deposits first in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus and then propagates to neocortex in an Aβ-dependent manner. Tau also tends to accumulate earlier in higher-order association cortex than in lower-order primary sensory-motor cortex. While previous research has examined the production and spread of tau, little attention has been paid to its clearance. Low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) global brain activity during the resting state is coupled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and potentially reflects glymphatic clearance. Here we report that tau deposition in subjects with evaluated Aβ, accompanied by cortical thinning and cognitive decline, is strongly associated with decreased coupling between CSF flow and global brain activity. Substantial modulation of global brain activity is also manifested as propagating waves of brain activation between higher- and lower-order regions, resembling tau spreading. Together, the findings suggest an important role of resting-state global brain activity in AD tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - JiaQie Lee
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Ziontz
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Ward
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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31
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Ungurean G, Behroozi M, Böger L, Helluy X, Libourel PA, Güntürkün O, Rattenborg NC. Wide-spread brain activation and reduced CSF flow during avian REM sleep. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3259. [PMID: 37277328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sleep has been implicated in maintaining a healthy extracellular environment in the brain. During wakefulness, neuronal activity leads to the accumulation of toxic proteins, which the glymphatic system is thought to clear by flushing cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) through the brain. In mice, this process occurs during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In humans, ventricular CSF flow has also been shown to increase during NREM sleep, as visualized using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The link between sleep and CSF flow has not been studied in birds before. Using fMRI of naturally sleeping pigeons, we show that REM sleep, a paradoxical state with wake-like brain activity, is accompanied by the activation of brain regions involved in processing visual information, including optic flow during flight. We further demonstrate that ventricular CSF flow increases during NREM sleep, relative to wakefulness, but drops sharply during REM sleep. Consequently, functions linked to brain activation during REM sleep might come at the expense of waste clearance during NREM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ungurean
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany.
| | - Mehdi Behroozi
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Leonard Böger
- Max-Planck Research Group Neural Information Flow, Max Planck Institute for the Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck Research Group Genetics of Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for the Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- CRNL, SLEEP Team, UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Niels C Rattenborg
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany
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Kong SDX, Gordon CJ, Hoyos CM, Wassing R, D’Rozario A, Mowszowski L, Ireland C, Palmer JR, Grunstein RR, Shine JM, McKinnon AC, Naismith SL. Heart rate variability during slow wave sleep is linked to functional connectivity in the central autonomic network. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad129. [PMID: 37234683 PMCID: PMC10208252 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced heart rate variability can be an early sign of autonomic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and may be related to brain dysfunction in the central autonomic network. As yet, such autonomic dysfunction has not been examined during sleep-which is an ideal physiological state to study brain-heart interaction as both the central and peripheral nervous systems behave differently compared to during wakefulness. Therefore, the primary aim of the current study was to examine whether heart rate variability during nocturnal sleep, specifically slow wave (deep) sleep, is associated with central autonomic network functional connectivity in older adults 'at-risk' of dementia. Older adults (n = 78; age range = 50-88 years; 64% female) attending a memory clinic for cognitive concerns underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and an overnight polysomnography. From these, central autonomic network functional connectivity strength and heart rate variability data during sleep were derived, respectively. High-frequency heart rate variability was extracted to index parasympathetic activity during distinct periods of sleep, including slow wave sleep as well as secondary outcomes of non-rapid eye movement sleep, wake after sleep onset, and rapid eye movement sleep. General linear models were used to examine associations between central autonomic network functional connectivity and high-frequency heart rate variability. Analyses revealed that increased high-frequency heart rate variability during slow wave sleep was associated with stronger functional connectivity (F = 3.98, P = 0.022) in two core brain regions within the central autonomic network, the right anterior insular and posterior midcingulate cortex, as well as stronger functional connectivity (F = 6.21, P = 0.005) between broader central autonomic network brain regions-the right amygdala with three sub-nuclei of the thalamus. There were no significant associations between high-frequency heart rate variability and central autonomic network connectivity during wake after sleep onset or rapid eye movement sleep. These findings show that in older adults 'at-risk' of dementia, parasympathetic regulation during slow wave sleep is uniquely linked to differential functional connectivity within both core and broader central autonomic network brain regions. It is possible that dysfunctional brain-heart interactions manifest primarily during this specific period of sleep known for its role in memory and metabolic clearance. Further studies elucidating the pathophysiology and directionality of this relationship should be conducted to determine if heart rate variability drives neurodegeneration, or if brain degeneration within the central autonomic network promotes aberrant heart rate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D X Kong
- Correspondence to: Shawn Dexiao KongHealthy Brain Ageing ProgramBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney100 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia E-mail:
| | - Christopher J Gordon
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Rick Wassing
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Angela D’Rozario
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Loren Mowszowski
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Catriona Ireland
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jake R Palmer
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - James M Shine
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Kjaerby C, Andersen M, Hauglund N, Untiet V, Dall C, Ding F, Hirase H, Nedergaard M. Reply to: 'Do all norepinephrine surges disrupt sleep?'. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01314-7. [PMID: 37081298 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Kjaerby
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mie Andersen
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Hauglund
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Untiet
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Dall
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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34
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Elabasy A, Suhonen M, Rajna Z, Hosni Y, Kananen J, Annunen J, Ansakorpi H, Korhonen V, Seppänen T, Kiviniemi V. Respiratory brain impulse propagation in focal epilepsy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5222. [PMID: 36997658 PMCID: PMC10063583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory brain pulsations pertaining to intra-axial hydrodynamic solute transport are markedly altered in focal epilepsy. We used optical flow analysis of ultra-fast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to investigate the velocity characteristics of respiratory brain impulse propagation in patients with focal epilepsy treated with antiseizure medication (ASM) (medicated patients with focal epilepsy; ME, n = 23), drug-naïve patients with at least one seizure (DN, n = 19) and matched healthy control subjects (HC, n = 75). We detected in the two patient groups (ME and DN) several significant alterations in the respiratory brain pulsation propagation velocity, which showed a bidirectional change dominated by a reduction in speed. Furthermore, the respiratory impulses moved more in reversed or incoherent directions in both patient groups vs. the HC group. The speed reductions and directionality changes occurred in specific phases of the respiratory cycle. In conclusion, irrespective of medication status, both patient groups showed incoherent and slower respiratory brain impulses, which may contribute to epileptic brain pathology by hindering brain hydrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elabasy
- Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging, Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center/HTS, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mia Suhonen
- Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging, Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center/HTS, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Zalan Rajna
- Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Youssef Hosni
- Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging, Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center/HTS, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Kananen
- Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging, Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center/HTS, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Annunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Member of ERN EpiCARE, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Ansakorpi
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging, Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center/HTS, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapio Seppänen
- Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
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35
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Williams SD, Setzer B, Fultz NE, Valdiviezo Z, Tacugue N, Diamandis Z, Lewis LD. Neural activity induced by sensory stimulation can drive large-scale cerebrospinal fluid flow during wakefulness in humans. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002035. [PMID: 36996009 PMCID: PMC10062585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow maintains healthy brain homeostasis, facilitating solute transport and the exchange of brain waste products. CSF flow is thus important for brain health, but the mechanisms that control its large-scale movement through the ventricles are not well understood. While it is well established that CSF flow is modulated by respiratory and cardiovascular dynamics, recent work has also demonstrated that neural activity is coupled to large waves of CSF flow in the ventricles during sleep. To test whether the temporal coupling between neural activity and CSF flow is in part due to a causal relationship, we investigated whether CSF flow could be induced by driving neural activity with intense visual stimulation. We manipulated neural activity with a flickering checkerboard visual stimulus and found that we could drive macroscopic CSF flow in the human brain. The timing and amplitude of CSF flow was matched to the visually evoked hemodynamic responses, suggesting neural activity can modulate CSF flow via neurovascular coupling. These results demonstrate that neural activity can contribute to driving CSF flow in the human brain and that the temporal dynamics of neurovascular coupling can explain this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Beverly Setzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nina E. Fultz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zenia Valdiviezo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicole Tacugue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zachary Diamandis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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36
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Tu W, Zhang N. Neural underpinning of a respiration-associated resting-state fMRI network. eLife 2022; 11:e81555. [PMID: 36263940 PMCID: PMC9645809 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiration can induce motion and CO2 fluctuation during resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) scans, which will lead to non-neural artifacts in the rsfMRI signal. In the meantime, as a crucial physiologic process, respiration can directly drive neural activity change in the brain, and may thereby modulate the rsfMRI signal. Nonetheless, this potential neural component in the respiration-fMRI relationship is largely unexplored. To elucidate this issue, here we simultaneously recorded the electrophysiology, rsfMRI, and respiration signals in rats. Our data show that respiration is indeed associated with neural activity changes, evidenced by a phase-locking relationship between slow respiration variations and the gamma-band power of the electrophysiological signal recorded in the anterior cingulate cortex. Intriguingly, slow respiration variations are also linked to a characteristic rsfMRI network, which is mediated by gamma-band neural activity. In addition, this respiration-related brain network disappears when brain-wide neural activity is silenced at an isoelectrical state, while the respiration is maintained, further confirming the necessary role of neural activity in this network. Taken together, this study identifies a respiration-related brain network underpinned by neural activity, which represents a novel component in the respiration-rsfMRI relationship that is distinct from respiration-related rsfMRI artifacts. It opens a new avenue for investigating the interactions between respiration, neural activity, and resting-state brain networks in both healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Tu
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
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37
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Memory-enhancing properties of sleep depend on the oscillatory amplitude of norepinephrine. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1059-1070. [PMID: 35798980 PMCID: PMC9817483 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sleep has a complex micro-architecture, encompassing micro-arousals, sleep spindles and transitions between sleep stages. Fragmented sleep impairs memory consolidation, whereas spindle-rich and delta-rich non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep promote it. However, the relationship between micro-arousals and memory-promoting aspects of sleep remains unclear. In this study, we used fiber photometry in mice to examine how release of the arousal mediator norepinephrine (NE) shapes sleep micro-architecture. Here we show that micro-arousals are generated in a periodic pattern during NREM sleep, riding on the peak of locus-coeruleus-generated infraslow oscillations of extracellular NE, whereas descending phases of NE oscillations drive spindles. The amplitude of NE oscillations is crucial for shaping sleep micro-architecture related to memory performance: prolonged descent of NE promotes spindle-enriched intermediate state and REM sleep but also associates with awakenings, whereas shorter NE descents uphold NREM sleep and micro-arousals. Thus, the NE oscillatory amplitude may be a target for improving sleep in sleep disorders.
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38
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Newell DW, Nedergaard M, Aaslid R. Physiological Mechanisms and Significance of Intracranial B Waves. Front Neurol 2022; 13:872701. [PMID: 35651339 PMCID: PMC9149212 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.872701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently published studies have described slow spontaneous cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oscillations measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as potential drivers of brain glymphatic flow, with a similar frequency as intracranial B-waves. Aiming to establish the relationship between these waveforms, we performed additional analysis of frequency and waveform parameters, of our previously published transcranial Doppler (TCD) and intracranial pressure (ICP) recordings of intracranial B waves, to compare to published MRI frequency measurements of CBF and CSF slow oscillations. Patients and Methods We analyzed digital recordings of B waves in 29 patients with head injury, including middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity (FV), ICP, end tidal CO2, and arterial blood pressure (ABP). A subset of these recordings demonstrated high B wave activity and was further analyzed for parameters including frequency, interaction, and waveform distribution curve features. These measures were compared to published similar measurements of spontaneous CBF and CSF fluctuations evaluated using MRI. Results In patients with at least 10% amplitude B wave activity, the MCA blood flow velocity oscillations comprising the B waves, had a maximum amplitude at 0.0245 Hz, and time derivative a maximum amplitude at 0.035 Hz. The frequency range of the B waves was between 0.6–2.3 cycles per min (0.011-0.038 Hz), which is in the same range as MRI measured CBF slow oscillations, reported in human volunteers. Waveform asymmetry in MCA velocity and ICP cycles during B waves, was also similar to published MRI measured CBF slow oscillations. Cross-correlation analysis showed equivalent time derivatives of FV vs. ICP in B waves, compared to MRI measured CBF slow oscillations vs. CSF flow fluctuations. Conclusions The TCD and ICP recordings of intracranial B waves show a similar frequency range as CBF and CSF flow oscillations measured using MRI, and share other unique morphological wave features. These findings strongly suggest a common physiological mechanism underlying the two classes of phenomena. The slow blood flow and volume oscillations causing intracranial B waves appear to be part of a cascade that may provide a significant driving force for compartmentalized CSF movement and facilitate glymphatic flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Newell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seattle Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Department of Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rune Aaslid
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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