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Bergeria CL, Gipson CD, Smith KE, Stoops WW, Strickland JC. Opioid craving does not incubate over time in inpatient or outpatient treatment studies: Is the preclinical incubation of craving model lost in translation? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105618. [PMID: 38492446 PMCID: PMC11046527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Within addiction science, incubation of craving is an operational label used to describe time-dependent increases in drug seeking during periods of drug deprivation. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the preclinical literature on incubation of craving and the clinical literature on craving measured over extended periods of abstinence to document this translational homology and factors impacting correspondence. Across the 44 preclinical studies that met inclusion criteria, 31 reported evidence of greater lever pressing, nose pokes, spout licks, or time spent in drug-paired compartments (i.e., drug seeking) relative to neutral compartments after longer periods of abstinence relative to shorter periods of abstinence, labelled as "incubation of craving." In contrast, no clinical studies (n = 20) identified an increase in opioid craving during longer abstinence periods. The lack of clinical evidence for increases in craving in clinical populations weakens the translational utility of operationalizing the time-dependent increase in drug-seeking behavior observed in preclinical models as models of incubation of "craving".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia L Bergeria
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kirsten E Smith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William W Stoops
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Science, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Kuebler IRK, Suárez M, Wakabayashi KT. Sex differences and sex-specific regulation of motivated behavior by Melanin-concentrating hormone: a short review. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:33. [PMID: 38570844 PMCID: PMC10993549 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical research exploring how neuropeptide transmitter systems regulate motivated behavior reveal the increasing importance of sex as a critical biological variable. Neuropeptide systems and their central circuits both contribute to sex differences in a range of motivated behaviors and regulate sex-specific behaviors. In this short review, we explore the current research of how sex as a biological variable influences several distinct motivated behaviors that are modulated by the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neuropeptide system. First, we review how MCH regulates feeding behavior within the context of energy homeostasis differently between male and female rodents. Then, we focus on MCH's role in lactation as a sex-specific process within the context of energy homeostasis. Next, we discuss the sex-specific effects of MCH on maternal behavior. Finally, we summarize the role of MCH in drug-motivated behaviors. While these topics are traditionally investigated from different scientific perspectives, in this short review we discuss how these behaviors share commonalities within the larger context of motivated behaviors, and that sex differences discovered in one area of research may impact our understanding in another. Overall, our review highlights the need for further research into how sex differences in energy regulation associated with reproduction and parental care contribute to regulating motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R K Kuebler
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Mauricio Suárez
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Ken T Wakabayashi
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA.
- Rural Drug Addiction Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 660 N 12th St., Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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3
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Negishi K, Fredriksson I, Bossert JM, Zangen A, Shaham Y. Relapse after electric barrier-induced voluntary abstinence: A review. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102856. [PMID: 38508102 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of addiction. To date, however, results from studies using rat relapse/reinstatement models have yet to result in FDA-approved medications for relapse prevention. To address this translational gap, we and others have developed rat models of relapse after voluntary abstinence from drug self-administration. One of these models is the electric barrier conflict model. Here, we introduce the model, and then review studies on behavioral and neuropharmacological mechanisms of cue-induced relapse and incubation of drug seeking (time-dependent increase in drug seeking during abstinence) after electric barrier-induced abstinence. We also briefly discuss future directions and potential clinical implications. One major conclusion of our review is that the brain mechanisms controlling drug relapse after electrical barrier-induced voluntary abstinence are likely distinct from those controlling relapse after homecage forced abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida Fredriksson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Science and the Zelman Neuroscience Center, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP/NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Morelos-Santana E, Islas-Preciado D, Alcalá-Lozano R, González-Olvera J, Estrada-Camarena E. Peripheral neurotrophin levels during controlled crack/cocaine abstinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1410. [PMID: 38228745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cocaine/crack abstinence periods have higher risk of relapse. Abstinence as initial part of the recovery process is affected by learning and memory changes that could preserve the addictive cycle. To further understand how the interruption of cocaine/crack consumption affects neurotrophin level we performed the present systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA statement (number CRD42019121643). The search formula was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criterion was cocaine use disorder in 18 to 60-year-old people, measuring at least one neurotrophin in blood before and after a controlled abstinence period. Studies without pre-post design were excluded. Five investigations had nine different reports, four of them were subjected to a meta-analysis (n = 146). GRADE risk of bias method was followed. Individual studies reported increased peripheral brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after abstinence, evidence pooled by Hedge's g showed no significant change in BDNF after abstinence. Relevant heterogeneity in the length of the abstinence period (12-32 days), last cocaine/crack consumption monitoring and blood processing were detected that could help to explain non-significant results. Further improved methods are suggested, and a potential BDNF augmentation hypothesis is proposed that, if true, would help to understand initial abstinence as a re-adaptation period influenced by neurotrophins such as the BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morelos-Santana
- Laboratorio de Neuromodulación, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Islas-Preciado
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 101. Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Alcalá-Lozano
- Laboratorio de Neuromodulación, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J González-Olvera
- Secretariado Técnico del Consejo Nacional de Salud Mental, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 101. Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP 14370, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Sharpe MJ. The cognitive (lateral) hypothalamus. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:18-29. [PMID: 37758590 PMCID: PMC10841673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the physiological complexity of the hypothalamus, its role is typically restricted to initiation or cessation of innate behaviors. For example, theories of lateral hypothalamus argue that it is a switch to turn feeding 'on' and 'off' as dictated by higher-order structures that render when feeding is appropriate. However, recent data demonstrate that the lateral hypothalamus is critical for learning about food-related cues. Furthermore, the lateral hypothalamus opposes learning about information that is neutral or distal to food. This reveals the lateral hypothalamus as a unique arbitrator of learning capable of shifting behavior toward or away from important events. This has relevance for disorders characterized by changes in this balance, including addiction and schizophrenia. Generally, this suggests that hypothalamic function is more complex than increasing or decreasing innate behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Sharpe
- Department of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Huang D, Ma YY. Increased Excitability of Layer 2 Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in the Supplementary Motor Cortex Underlies High Cocaine-Seeking Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:875-887. [PMID: 37330163 PMCID: PMC10721734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most efforts in addiction research have focused on the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex, including the infralimbic, prelimbic, and anterior cingulate cortical areas, in cocaine-seeking behaviors. However, no effective prevention or treatment for drug relapse is available. METHODS We focused instead on the motor cortex, including both the primary and supplementary motor areas (M1 and M2, respectively). Addiction risk was evaluated by testing cocaine seeking after intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of cocaine in Sprague Dawley rats. The causal relationship between the excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs) in M1/M2 and addiction risk was explored by ex vivo whole-cell patch clamp recordings and in vivo pharmacological or chemogenetic manipulation. RESULTS Our recordings showed that on withdrawal day 45 (WD45) after IVSA, cocaine, but not saline, increased the excitability of CPNs in the cortical superficial layers (primarily layer 2, denoted L2) but not in layer 5 (L5) in M2. Bilateral microinjection of the GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid A) receptor agonist muscimol to the M2 area attenuated cocaine seeking on WD45. More specifically, chemogenetic inhibition of CPN excitability in L2 of M2 (denoted M2-L2) by the DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) agonist compound 21 prevented drug seeking on WD45 after cocaine IVSA. This chemogenetic inhibition of M2-L2 CPNs had no effects on sucrose seeking. In addition, neither pharmacological nor chemogenetic inhibition manipulations altered general locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cocaine IVSA induces hyperexcitability in the motor cortex on WD45. Importantly, the increased excitability in M2, particularly in L2, could be a novel target for preventing drug relapse during withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yao-Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Elhadi K, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Modeling methamphetamine use disorder and relapse in animals: short- and long-term epigenetic, transcriptional., and biochemical consequences in the rat brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105440. [PMID: 38707245 PMCID: PMC11068368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by binge drug taking episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to drug use even during treatment. MUD has been modeled in rodents and investigators are attempting to identify its molecular bases. Preclinical experiments have shown that different schedules of methamphetamine self-administration can cause diverse transcriptional changes in the dorsal striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present review, we present data on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the rat striatum following methamphetamine intake. These include genes involved in transcription regulation, potassium channel function, and neuroinflammation. We then use the striatal data to discuss the potential significance of the molecular changes induced by methamphetamine by reviewing concordant or discordant data from the literature. This review identified potential molecular targets for pharmacological interventions. Nevertheless, there is a need for more research on methamphetamine-induced transcriptional consequences in various brain regions. These data should provide a more detailed neuroanatomical map of methamphetamine-induced changes and should better inform therapeutic interventions against MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Elhadi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Atul P. Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
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Gancarz AM, Parmar R, Shwani T, Cobb MM, Crawford MN, Watson JR, Evans L, Kausch MA, Werner CT, Dietz DM. Adolescent exposure to sucrose increases cocaine-mediated behaviours in adulthood via Smad3. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13346. [PMID: 38017636 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence, a critical period of developmental period, is marked by neurobiological changes influenced by environmental factors. Here, we show how exposure to sucrose, which is ubiquitously available in modern diets, results in changes in behavioural response to cocaine as an adult. Rats were given daily access to either 10% sucrose or water during the adolescent period (PND28-42). Following this period, rats are left undisturbed until they reach adulthood. In adulthood, rats were tested for (i) acquisition of a low dose of cocaine, (ii) progressive ratio (PR) test, and (iii) resistance to punished cocaine taking. Sucrose exposure resulted in significant alterations in all behavioural measures. To determine the neurobiological mechanisms leading to such behavioural adaptations, we find that adolescent sucrose exposure results in an upregulation of the transcription factor Smad3 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) when compared with water-exposed controls. Transiently blocking the active form of this transcription factor (HSV-dnSmad3) during adolescence mitigated the enhanced cocaine vulnerability-like behaviours observed in adulthood. These findings suggest that prior exposure to sucrose during adolescence can heighten the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Furthermore, they identify the TGF-beta pathway and Smad3 as playing a key role in mediating enduring and long-lasting adaptations that contribute to sucrose-induced susceptibility to cocaine. Taken together, these results have important implications for development and suggest that adolescent sucrose exposure may persistently enhance the susceptibility to substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Gancarz
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Raveena Parmar
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Treefa Shwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Moriah M Cobb
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Michelle N Crawford
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Jacob R Watson
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Lisa Evans
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Michael A Kausch
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Craig T Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - David M Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Desai JN, Muccilli AR, Tron Esqueda LE, Welge JA, Norman AB. Differential Effect of Fixed Ratio Magnitude on the Rate of Lever-Pressing and Interinjection Intervals of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2023; 99:100727. [PMID: 38058770 PMCID: PMC10696427 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2023.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Many features of self-administration behavior may be explained by reference to the properties of schedules of reinforcement. Schedules alter the probability of a behavior being reinforced and thereby increase, or decrease, the frequency of the behavior and fixed ratio (FR) magnitude reportedly alters the rate of responding to cocaine. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction theory states that lever-pressing behavior is induced only when cocaine levels in the body are above the priming/remission threshold and below the satiety threshold-a range termed the compulsion zone. This theory successfully explains cocaine self-administration in rats on a progressive ratio and the FR1 schedule. Objectives To determine the effects of high FR magnitude on the rate of self-administration of cocaine and the rate of lever-pressing behavior when cocaine levels are within the compulsion zone. Methods Rats acquired cocaine self-administration on an FR1 schedule and then were switched to sessions that started with FR1 and then FR 5, 10, 20, or 50. An only FR1 session was run each week between FR1/FR50 sessions and then only FR1 sessions were conducted for several weeks. Results Interinjection intervals at a unit dose of 3 µmol/kg were regular at both FR1 and FR50 but were longer by the time required to complete the 50 presses. When responding by rats was maintained under an FR50 schedule of cocaine presentations, compared to baseline FR1 sessions, dramatic increases in the number of lever-presses were observed after access to cocaine was terminated, a previously unreported finding. However, lever-pressing occurred only when cocaine levels were in the compulsion zone, and this duration was unchanged. The increase in lever-pressing persisted for weeks. Interinjection intervals at FR1 were not altered after exposure to FR50. Conclusions Although previously considered key to understanding the regulation of cocaine self-administration behavior, FR magnitude simply increased interinjection intervals by the time required to complete 50 lever-presses. The dramatic increase in the rate of lever-pressing was caused by the high FR schedule rather than cocaine. The utility of the schedule-induced increase in the rate of lever-pressing is unclear. The compulsion zone theory provides a rational pharmacological basis for understanding cocaine self-administration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhanvi N. Desai
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Abigail R. Muccilli
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Luis E. Tron Esqueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey A. Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew B. Norman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Kuebler IRK, Liu Y, Bueno Álvarez BS, Huber NM, Jolton JA, Dasari R, Wakabayashi KT. Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonism differentially attenuates nicotine experience-dependent locomotor behavior in female and male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 232:173649. [PMID: 37793486 PMCID: PMC10985048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a significant public health concern because it is the primary pharmacological agent in tobacco use disorder. One neural system that has been implicated in the symptoms of several substance use disorders is the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system. MCH regulates various motivated behaviors depending on sex, yet little is known of how this interaction affects experience with drugs of abuse, particularly nicotine. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of MCH receptor antagonism on experience-dependent nicotine-induced locomotion after chronic exposure, particularly on the expression of locomotor sensitization. Adult female and male Wistar rats were given saline then cumulative doses of nicotine (0.1, 0.32, 0.56, and 1.0 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to determine the acute effects of nicotine (day 1). Next, rats were treated with 1.0 mg/kg nicotine for 6 days, given an identical series of cumulative doses (day 8), and then kept in a drug-free state for 6 days. On day 15, rats were pretreated with vehicle or the MCH receptor antagonist GW803430 (10 or 30 mg/kg) before another series of cumulative doses to assess response to chronic nicotine. After vehicle, male rats increased nicotine locomotor activation from day 1 to day 15, and both sexes showed a sensitized response when normalized to saline. The lower dose of GW803430 decreased locomotion compared to vehicle in females, while the higher dose decreased locomotion in males. Both sexes showed nicotine dose-dependent effects of GW803430, strongest at lower doses of nicotine. Controlling for sex-based locomotor differences revealed that females are more sensitive to GW803430. The high dose of GW803430 also decreased saline locomotion in males. Together, the results of our study suggest that MCH is involved in the expression of nicotine locomotor sensitization, and that MCH regulates these nicotine behavioral symptoms differently across sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R K Kuebler
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Youxi Liu
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Bárbara S Bueno Álvarez
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Noah M Huber
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Jolton
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Raaga Dasari
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America
| | - Ken T Wakabayashi
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1220 T St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America; Rural Drug Addiction Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 660 N 12th St., Lincoln, NE 68588, United States of America.
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Chen W, Zhang Y, Liang J, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Huang E, Zhang G, Lu L, Han Y, Shi J. Disrupting astrocyte-neuron lactate transport prevents cocaine seeking after prolonged withdrawal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4462. [PMID: 37878699 PMCID: PMC10599624 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Energy supply, especially the transfer of lactate from astrocytes to neurons, is critical for neuronal plasticity. However, its role in the incubation of cocaine craving remains largely unknown. Using an extended-access self-administration model and in vivo 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that lactate synthesis in the central amygdala (CeA) is required for the intensified cocaine craving after prolonged withdrawal. Furthermore, incubated cocaine seeking was associated with a selective increase in monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) and MCT4 expression levels. Down-regulation of astrocytic MCT4 or neuronal MCT2 using targeted antisense oligonucleotides or cell type-specific shRNA attenuated cocaine craving and reduced the expression of plasticity-related proteins and excitatory synaptic transmission. Meanwhile, lactate administration rescued MCT4 but not MCT2 disruption-induced behavioral changes due to the inability of lactate to be transported into neurons. Together, our study highlights the critical role of astrocyte-neuron lactate transport in the CeA in the incubation of cocaine craving and suggests a potential therapeutic target for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Enze Huang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guipeng Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- The Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Olaniran A, Altshuler RD, Burke MAM, Lin H, Firlie J, Linshitz I, Li X. Role of oestrous cycle and orbitofrontal cortex in oxycodone seeking after 15-day abstinence in female rats. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13325. [PMID: 37753563 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Relapse to oxycodone seeking progressively increases after abstinence in rats, a phenomenon termed incubation of oxycodone craving. We have previously shown that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in incubation of oxycodone craving in male rats. Here, we examined the effect of oestrous cycle on incubated oxycodone seeking in female rats, and whether the critical role of OFC in incubated oxycodone seeking generalizes to female rats. We first assessed oxycodone self-administration and incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15 across the oestrous cycle. Next, we determined the effect of chemogenetic inactivation of OFC by JHU37160 (J60), a novel agonist for Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), on incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15. Finally, we determined the effect of J60 alone on incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15. We found no difference in oxycodone intake across oestrus, pro-oestrus, and metoestrus stages during oxycodone self-administration training. Incubated oxycodone seeking was also similar between nonoestrus and oestrus female rats. Moreover, chemogenetic inactivation of OFC by J60 decreased incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15, while J60 alone had no effect on incubated oxycodone seeking in no-DREADD control rats. Taken together, results here show that the oestrous cycle has no effect on oxycodone intake and incubated oxycodone seeking in female rats under our experimental conditions. Furthermore, consistent with our previous findings in male rats, results here show that OFC also plays a critical role in incubated oxycodone seeking in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedayo Olaniran
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel D Altshuler
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan A M Burke
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongyu Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Firlie
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ilan Linshitz
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
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13
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Gancarz AM, Hagarty DP, Cobb MM, Kausch MA, Krieg B, Alammari N, Gilbert K, Russo J, Dietz DM. Operant novelty seeking predicts cue-induced reinstatement following cocaine but not water reinforcement in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2201-2215. [PMID: 37552291 PMCID: PMC10506955 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE An important facet of cocaine addiction is a high propensity to relapse, with increasing research investigating factors that predispose individuals toward uncontrolled drug use and relapse. A personality trait linked to drug addiction is high sensation seeking, i.e., a preference for novel sensations/experiences. In an animal model of sensation seeking, operant novelty seeking predicts the acquisition of drug self-administration. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of novel sensory stimuli predicts more intensive aspects of drug-taking behaviors, such as relapse. METHODS Rats were first tested for Operant Novelty Seeking, during which responses resulted in complex visual/auditory stimuli. Next, rats were trained to respond to water/cocaine reinforcers signaled by a cue light. Finally, rats were exposed to extinction in the absence of discrete cues and subsequently tested in a single session of cue-induced reinstatement, during which active responses resulted in cues previously paired with water/cocaine delivery. RESULTS The present study showed operant responses to produce novel sensory stimuli positively correlate with responding for cocaine during self-administration and during discrete cue-induced reinstatement, but no association with performance during extinction. A different pattern of associations was observed for a natural reward, in this case, water reinforcement. Here, the degree of novelty seeking also correlated with responding to water reinforcement and extinction responding; however, operant novelty seeking did not correlate with responding to water cues during testing of cue-induced reinstatement. Taken together, the incongruence of relationships indicates an underlying difference between natural and drug reinforcers. CONCLUSION In summary, we found a reinforcer-dependent relationship between operant novelty seeking (i.e., sensation seeking) and responsivity to extinction and discrete cues signaling availability for cocaine (i.e., craving), demonstrating the validity of the operant novelty seeking model to investigate drug seeking and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Gancarz
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Dorothy Donahoe Hall (DDH) H106, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA.
| | - Devin P Hagarty
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Dorothy Donahoe Hall (DDH) H106, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Moriah M Cobb
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Dorothy Donahoe Hall (DDH) H106, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Michael A Kausch
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Dorothy Donahoe Hall (DDH) H106, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Brandon Krieg
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Dorothy Donahoe Hall (DDH) H106, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Nora Alammari
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Dorothy Donahoe Hall (DDH) H106, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Kameron Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Dorothy Donahoe Hall (DDH) H106, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Jacqueline Russo
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Dorothy Donahoe Hall (DDH) H106, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - David M Dietz
- Clinical and Research Institute On Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Ngbokoli ML, Douton JE, Carelli RM. Prelimbic cortex and nucleus accumbens core resting state signaling dynamics as a biomarker for cocaine seeking behaviors. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100097. [PMID: 37396409 PMCID: PMC10310298 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by maladaptive signaling in the prefrontal cortex and associated regions, however precisely how these drug-induced abnormalities may be linked to drug seeking/taking behaviors is not well understood. Here, in vivo local field potential (LFP) electrophysiology was used in rats to examine the relationship between overall spontaneous (resting state) activity within the prelimbic cortex (PrL) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, and their functional connectivity, to cocaine taking and seeking behaviors. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer either intravenous cocaine (0.33 mg/inf) or water reinforcement during 6-hour daily sessions over 2 weeks; extinction sessions were completed immediately after self-administration training and following 30 days experimenter-imposed abstinence. Rest LFP recordings were completed during 3 recording periods (15 min each in a chamber different from the self-administration context) conducted (1) prior to self-administration training (rest LFP 1) (2) immediately after 2 weeks of self-administration training (rest LFP 2) and (3) following 1 month abstinence (rest LFP 3). Our findings show that resting state LFP power in the PrL recorded prior to training (Rest LFP 1) was positively correlated with total cocaine intake and escalation of cocaine seeking at the beta frequency range. Immediately after self-administration training (Rest LFP 2) power in the NAc core at gamma frequency was negatively correlated with incubation of cocaine craving. For rats trained to self-administer water, no significant correlations were observed. Together, these findings show that resting state LFP at specific timepoints in the addiction cycle can serve as unique predictors (biomarkers) of cocaine use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metika L. Ngbokoli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, CB #3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joaquin E. Douton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, CB #3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Regina M. Carelli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, CB #3270 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Agurto C, Cecchi G, King S, Eyigoz EK, Parvaz MA, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Speak and you shall predict: speech at initial cocaine abstinence as a biomarker of long-term drug use behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.18.549548. [PMID: 37503140 PMCID: PMC10370100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance Valid biomarkers that can predict longitudinal clinical outcomes at low cost are a holy grail in psychiatric research, promising to ultimately be used to optimize and tailor intervention and prevention efforts. Objective To determine if baseline linguistic markers in natural speech, as compared to non-speech clinical and demographic measures, can predict drug use severity measures at future sessions in initially abstinent individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD). Design A longitudinal cohort study (August 2017 - March 2020), where baseline measures were used to predict outcomes collected at three-month intervals for up to one year of follow-up. Participants Eighty-eight initially abstinent iCUD were studied at baseline; 57 (46 male, age 50.7+/-7.9 years) came back for at least another session. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were self-reported symptoms of withdrawal, craving, abstinence duration and frequency of cocaine use in the past 90 days at each study session. The predictors were derived from 5-min recordings of vocal descriptions of the positive consequences of abstinence and the negative consequences of using cocaine; the baseline cocaine and other common drug use measures, demographic and neuropsychological variables were used for comparison. Results Models using the non-speech variables showed the best predictive performance at three(r>0.45, P<2×10-3) and six months follow-up (r>0.37, P<3×10-2). At 12 months, the natural language processing-based model showed significant correlations with withdrawal (r=0.43, P=3×10-2), craving (r=0.72, P=5×10-5), days of abstinence (r=0.76, P=1×10-5), and cocaine use in the past 90 days (r=0.61, P=2×10-3), significantly outperforming the other models for abstinence prediction. Conclusions and Relevance At short time intervals, maximal predictive power was obtained with models that used baseline drug use (in addition to demographic and neuropsychological) measures, potentially reflecting a slow rate of change in these measures, which could be estimated by linear functions. In contrast, short speech samples predicted longer-term changes in drug use, implying deeper penetrance by potentially capturing non-linear dynamics over longer intervals. Results suggest that, compared to the common outcome measures used in clinical trials, speech-based measures could be leveraged as better predictors of longitudinal drug use outcomes in initially abstinent iCUD, as potentially generalizable to other substance use disorders and related comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Agurto
- IBM Research, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598
| | | | - Sarah King
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York City, NY, 10029
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York City, NY, 10029
| | - Elif K. Eyigoz
- IBM Research, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York City, NY, 10029
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York City, NY, 10029
- Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, 10029
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York City, NY, 10029
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York City, NY, 10029
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York City, NY, 10029
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York City, NY, 10029
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Valeri J, Gisabella B, Pantazopoulos H. Dynamic regulation of the extracellular matrix in reward memory processes: a question of time. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1208974. [PMID: 37396928 PMCID: PMC10311570 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1208974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a global health problem with increasing prevalence resulting in significant socioeconomic burden and increased mortality. Converging lines of evidence point to a critical role of brain extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. An increasing number of preclinical studies highlight the ECM as a promising target for development of novel cessation pharmacotherapies. The brain ECM is dynamically regulated during learning and memory processes, thus the time course of ECM alterations in substance use disorders is a critical factor that may impact interpretation of the current studies and development of pharmacological therapies. This review highlights the evidence for the involvement of ECM molecules in reward learning, including drug reward and natural reward such as food, as well as evidence regarding the pathophysiological state of the brain's ECM in substance use disorders and metabolic disorders. We focus on the information regarding time-course and substance specific changes in ECM molecules and how this information can be leveraged for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Barbara Gisabella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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17
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Kulkarni KR, O'Brien M, Gu X. Longing to act: Bayesian inference as a framework for craving in behavioral addiction. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107752. [PMID: 37201396 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, craving is considered a defining feature of drug addiction. Accumulating evidence suggests that craving can also exist in behavioral addictions (e.g., gambling disorder) without drug-induced effects. However, the degree to which mechanisms of craving overlap between classic substance use disorders and behavioral addictions remains unclear. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop an overarching theory of craving that conceptually integrates findings across behavioral and drug addictions. In this review, we will first synthesize existing theories and empirical findings related to craving in both drug-dependent and -independent addictive disorders. Building on the Bayesian brain hypothesis and previous work on interoceptive inference, we will then propose a computational theory for craving in behavioral addiction, where the target of craving is execution of an action (e.g., gambling) rather than a drug. Specifically, we conceptualize craving in behavioral addiction as a subjective belief about physiological states of the body associated with action completion and is updated based on both a prior belief ("I need to act to feel good") and sensory evidence ("I cannot act"). We conclude by briefly discussing the therapeutic implications of this framework. In summary, this unified Bayesian computational framework for craving generalizes across addictive disorders, provides explanatory power for ostensibly conflicting empirical findings, and generates strong hypotheses for future empirical studies. The disambiguation of the computational components underlying domain-general craving using this framework will lead to a deeper understanding of, and effective treatment targets for, behavioral and drug addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh R Kulkarni
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madeline O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaosi Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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18
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Kumaresan V, Lim Y, Juneja P, Tipton AE, de Guglielmo G, Carrette LLG, Kallupi M, Maturin L, Liu Y, George O, Zhang H. Abstinence from Escalation of Cocaine Intake Changes the microRNA Landscape in the Cortico-Accumbal Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1368. [PMID: 37239038 PMCID: PMC10216163 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine administration alters the microRNA (miRNA) landscape in the cortico-accumbal pathway. These changes in miRNA can play a major role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression during withdrawal. This study aimed to investigate the changes in microRNA expression in the cortico-accumbal pathway during acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence following escalated cocaine intake. Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) was used to profile miRNA transcriptomic changes in the cortico-accumbal pathway [infralimbic- and prelimbic-prefrontal cortex (IL and PL) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)] of rats with extended access to cocaine self-administration followed by an 18-h withdrawal or a 4-week abstinence. An 18-h withdrawal led to differential expression (fold-change > 1.5 and p < 0.05) of 21 miRNAs in the IL, 18 miRNAs in the PL, and two miRNAs in the NAc. The mRNAs potentially targeted by these miRNAs were enriched in the following pathways: gap junctions, neurotrophin signaling, MAPK signaling, and cocaine addiction. Moreover, a 4-week abstinence led to differential expression (fold-change > 1.5 and p < 0.05) of 23 miRNAs in the IL, seven in the PL, and five miRNAs in the NAc. The mRNAs potentially targeted by these miRNAs were enriched in pathways including gap junctions, cocaine addiction, MAPK signaling, glutamatergic synapse, morphine addiction, and amphetamine addiction. Additionally, the expression levels of several miRNAs differentially expressed in either the IL or the NAc were significantly correlated with addiction behaviors. Our findings highlight the impact of acute and protracted abstinence from escalated cocaine intake on miRNA expression in the cortico-accumbal pathway, a key circuit in addiction, and suggest developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches to prevent relapse by targeting abstinence-associated miRNAs and their regulated mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Kumaresan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Yolpanhchana Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.L.); (P.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Poorva Juneja
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.L.); (P.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Allison E. Tipton
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Lieselot L. G. Carrette
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Lisa Maturin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.L.); (P.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.L.); (P.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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19
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Corbett CM, Miller EN, Loweth JA. mGlu5 inhibition in the basolateral amygdala prevents estrous cycle-dependent changes in cue-induced cocaine seeking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 5:100055. [PMID: 36778664 PMCID: PMC9915145 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug associated cues are a common relapse trigger for individuals recovering from cocaine use disorder. Sex and ovarian hormones influence patterns of cocaine use and relapse vulnerability, with studies indicating that females show increased cue-induced craving and relapse vulnerability compared to males. In a rodent model of cocaine craving and relapse vulnerability, cue-induced cocaine seeking behavior following weeks of withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration is higher in females in the estrus stage of the reproductive (estrous) cycle (Estrus Females) compared to both Males and females in all other stages (Non-Estrus Females). However, the neuronal substrates and cellular mechanisms underlying these sex differences is not fully understood. One region that contributes to both sex differences in behavioral responding and cue-induced cocaine seeking is the basolateral amygdala (BLA), while one receptor known to play a critical role in mediating cocaine seeking behavior is metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5). Here we assessed the effects of BLA mGlu5 inhibition following prolonged withdrawal from cocaine self-administration on observed estrous cycle-dependent changes in cue-induced cocaine seeking behavior. We found that BLA microinjections of the mGlu5 antagonist MTEP selectively reduced the enhanced cue-induced cocaine seeking normally observed in Estrus Females while having no effect on cocaine seeking in Males and Non-Estrus Females. These findings identify a unique interaction between cocaine-exposure, estrous cycle fluctuations and BLA mGlu5-dependent transmission on cue-induced cocaine seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Corbett
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Emily N.D. Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Jessica A. Loweth
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, United States. (J.A. Loweth)
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20
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Funke JR, Hwang EK, Wunsch AM, Baker R, Engeln KA, Murray CH, Milovanovic M, Caccamise AJ, Wolf ME. Persistent Neuroadaptations in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Accompany Incubation of Methamphetamine Craving in Male and Female Rats. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0480-22.2023. [PMID: 36792361 PMCID: PMC10016192 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0480-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse is a major problem in treating methamphetamine use disorder. "Incubation of craving" during abstinence is a rat model for persistence of vulnerability to craving and relapse. While methamphetamine incubation has previously been demonstrated in male and female rats, it has not been demonstrated after withdrawal periods greater than 51 d and most mechanistic work used males. Here, we address both gaps. First, although methamphetamine intake was higher in males during self-administration training (6 h/d × 10 d), incubation was similar in males and females, with "incubated" craving persisting through withdrawal day (WD)100. Second, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, we assessed synaptic levels of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs), as their elevation is required for expression of incubation in males. In both sexes, compared with saline-self-administering controls, CP-AMPAR levels were significantly higher in methamphetamine rats across withdrawal, although this was less pronounced in WD100-135 rats than WD15-35 or WD40-75 methamphetamine rats. We also examined membrane properties and NMDA receptor (NMDAR) transmission. In saline controls, MSNs from males exhibited lower excitability than females. This difference was eliminated after incubation because of increased excitability of MSNs from males. NMDAR transmission did not differ between sexes and was not altered after incubation. In conclusion, incubation persists for longer than previously described and equally persistent CP-AMPAR plasticity in NAc core occurs in both sexes. Thus, abstinence-related synaptic plasticity in NAc is similar in males and females although other methamphetamine-related behaviors and neuroadaptations show differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Funke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97212
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97212
| | - Amanda M Wunsch
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97212
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Raines Baker
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97212
| | - Kimberley A Engeln
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97212
| | - Conor H Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Mike Milovanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Aaron J Caccamise
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97212
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064
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Abdulghani A, Poghosyan M, Mehren A, Philipsen A, Anderzhanova E. Neuroplasticity to autophagy cross-talk in a therapeutic effect of physical exercises and irisin in ADHD. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:997054. [PMID: 36776770 PMCID: PMC9909442 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.997054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive neuroplasticity is a pivotal mechanism for healthy brain development and maintenance, as well as its restoration in disease- and age-associated decline. Management of mental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) needs interventions stimulating adaptive neuroplasticity, beyond conventional psychopharmacological treatments. Physical exercises are proposed for the management of ADHD, and also depression and aging because of evoked brain neuroplasticity. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of muscle-brain cross-talk pinpoints the role of the myokine irisin in the mediation of pro-cognitive and antidepressant activity of physical exercises. In this review, we discuss how irisin, which is released in the periphery as well as derived from brain cells, may interact with the mechanisms of cellular autophagy to provide protein recycling and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling via glia-mediated control of BDNF maturation, and, therefore, support neuroplasticity. We propose that the neuroplasticity associated with physical exercises is mediated in part by irisin-triggered autophagy. Since the recent findings give objectives to consider autophagy-stimulating intervention as a prerequisite for successful therapy of psychiatric disorders, irisin appears as a prototypic molecule that can activate autophagy with therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhasan Abdulghani
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Henrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Alhasan Abdulghani,
| | - Mikayel Poghosyan
- Institute for Biology-Neurobiology, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aylin Mehren
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elmira Anderzhanova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Guo R, Wang Y, Yan R, Chen B, Ding W, Gorczyca MT, Ozsoy S, Cai L, Hines RL, Tseng GC, Allocca G, Dong Y, Fang J, Huang YH. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Engages Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons to Reduce Cocaine Seeking. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:880-894. [PMID: 35953320 PMCID: PMC9872495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent sleep disruptions following withdrawal from abused drugs may hold keys to battle drug relapse. It is posited that there may be sleep signatures that predict relapse propensity, identifying which may open new avenues for treating substance use disorders. METHODS We trained male rats (approximately postnatal day 56) to self-administer cocaine. After long-term drug withdrawal (approximately postnatal day 100), we examined the correlations between the intensity of cocaine seeking and key sleep features. To test for causal relationships, we then used behavioral, chemogenetic, or optogenetic methods to selectively increase rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and measured behavioral and electrophysiological outcomes to probe for cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying REMS-mediated regulation of cocaine seeking. RESULTS A selective set of REMS features was preferentially associated with the intensity of cue-induced cocaine seeking after drug withdrawal. Moreover, selectively increasing REMS time and continuity by environmental warming attenuated a withdrawal time-dependent intensification of cocaine seeking, or incubation of cocaine craving, suggesting that REMS may benefit withdrawal. Warming increased the activity of lateral hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons selectively during prolonged REMS episodes and counteracted cocaine-induced synaptic accumulation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens-a critical substrate for incubation. Finally, the warming effects were partly mimicked by chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulations of MCH neurons during sleep, or intra-accumbens infusions of MCH peptide during the rat's inactive phase. CONCLUSIONS REMS may encode individual vulnerability to relapse, and MCH neuron activities can be selectively targeted during REMS to reduce drug relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rongzhen Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wanqiao Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael T Gorczyca
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sahin Ozsoy
- Somnivore Pty. Ltd., Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel L Hines
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Giancarlo Allocca
- Somnivore Pty. Ltd., Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jidong Fang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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23
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Carroll ME, Dougen B, Zlebnik NE, Fess L, Smethells J. Reducing short- and long-term cocaine craving with voluntary exercise in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3819-3831. [PMID: 36331585 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study in female rats, voluntary wheel running attenuated incubation of cocaine craving after 30 but not 3 days (Zlebnik and Carroll Zlebnik and Carroll, Psychopharmacology 232:3507-3413, 2015). The present study in male rats, using the same procedure, showed that wheel running reduced incubated craving after both 30 and 3 days of abstinence. METHODS Male rats self-administered i.v. cocaine (0.4 mg/kg) during 6-h sessions for 10 days. They were then moved from the operant chamber to a home cage with an attached running wheel or stationary wheel, for 6 h daily for a 3- or 30-day period when cocaine craving was hypothesized to incubate. Rats were then returned to the operant chamber for a 30-min test of cocaine seeking, or "craving," indicated by responses on the former "drug" lever was formerly associated with drug stimulus lights and responses (vs. no drug stimuli), and lever responding was compared to responses on the "inactive" that was illuminated and counted lever pressing. RESULTS Mean wheel revolutions were similar across the 3- and 30-day incubation groups, when both groups of rats were given access to wheel running vs. access to a stationary wheel in controls. Subsequently, when rats were tested in the operant chamber for "relapse" responding (drug-lever responding) on the lever formerly associated with drug access, cocaine craving was reduced by recent running wheel access (vs. stationary wheel access) in both the 3- and 30-day wheel exposure groups. CONCLUSION Voluntary, self-initiated, and self-sustained physical exercise reduced cocaine craving after short- (3 days) and long-term (30 days) abstinence periods in male rats that previously self-administered cocaine. This was contrasted with reduction of cocaine seeking in females after 30-day, but not 3-day, incubation periods under the wheel running vs. stationary wheel conditions in a previous study (Zlebnik and Carroll Zlebnik and Carroll, Psychopharmacology 232:3507-3413, 2015). These initial findings suggest males may be more sensitive to incubated craving for cocaine than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Ben Dougen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Natalie E Zlebnik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF II, Room S216, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lydia Fess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - John Smethells
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, 701 Park Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
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24
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Kawa AB, Hwang EK, Funke JR, Zhou H, Costa-Mattioli M, Wolf ME. Positive Allosteric Modulation of mGlu 1 Reverses Cocaine-Induced Behavioral and Synaptic Plasticity Through the Integrated Stress Response and Oligophrenin-1. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:871-879. [PMID: 35871097 PMCID: PMC10656746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cue-induced cocaine craving progressively intensifies (incubates) during abstinence from cocaine self-administration. Expression of incubated cocaine craving depends on elevated calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) on medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. After incubation has occurred, stimulation of NAc metabotropic glutamate 1 (mGlu1) receptors or systemic administration of mGlu1 positive allosteric modulators removes CP-AMPARs from NAc synapses via dynamin-dependent internalization (mGlu1 long-term depression [LTD]) and thereby reduces incubated cocaine craving. Because mGlu1 positive allosteric modulators are potential therapeutics for cocaine craving, it is important to further define the mechanism triggering this mGlu1-LTD. METHODS Male and female rats self-administered saline or cocaine (10 days) using a long access regimen (6 h/day). Following ≥40 days of abstinence, we assessed the ability of an mGlu1 positive allosteric modulator to inhibit expression of incubated craving and remove CP-AMPARs from NAc synapses under control conditions, after blocking the integrated stress response (ISR), or after knocking down oligophrenin-1, a mediator of the ISR that can promote AMPAR endocytosis. AMPAR transmission in NAc medium spiny neurons was assessed with ex vivo slice recordings. RESULTS mGlu1 stimulation reduced cue-induced craving and removed synaptic CP-AMPARs. When the ISR was blocked prior to mGlu1 stimulation, there was no reduction in cue-induced craving, nor were CP-AMPARs removed from the synapse. Further, selective knockdown of oligophrenin-1 blocked mGlu1-LTD. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that mGlu1-LTD in the NAc and consequently the reduction of cue-induced seeking occur through activation of the ISR, which induces translation of oligophrenin-1. We also demonstrate CP-AMPAR accumulation and mGlu1 reversal in female rats, as previously shown in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Kawa
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jonathan R Funke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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25
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Lassi DLS, Malbergier A, Negrão AB, Florio L, De Aquino JP, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Pharmacological Treatments for Cocaine Craving: What Is the Way Forward? A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1546. [PMID: 36421870 PMCID: PMC9688748 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND cocaine craving is a core feature of cocaine use disorder and remains a critical challenge for abstinence and relapse prevention. This review summarizes the anti-craving efficacy of pharmacotherapies tested for cocaine use disorder, in the context of randomized-controlled clinical trials. OBJECTIVES we assessed the databases of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO, without date restrictions up to August 2022, to identify relevant studies. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS we included double-blinded randomized-controlled trials investigating pharmacotherapies for cocaine craving and/or cocaine use disorder whose outcomes included cocaine craving. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Two authors screened studies' titles and abstracts for inclusion, and both read all the included studies. We systematically gathered information on the following aspects of each study: title; author(s); year of publication; sample size; mean age; sample characteristics; study set-ting; whether participants were treatment-seeking; study design; craving measures; study interventions; drop-out rates; and other relevant outcomes. RESULTS Overall, we appraised 130 clinical trials, including 8137 participants. We further considered the drugs from the studies that scored equal to or greater than six points in the quality assessment. There was a correlation between craving and cocaine use outcomes (self-reports, timeline follow-back or urinary benzoylecgonine) in the vast majority of studies. In the short-term treatment, acute phenylalanine-tyrosine depletion, clonidine, fenfluramine, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) and mecamylamine presented promising effects. In the long term, amphetamine, biperiden, carbamazepine, lisdexamfetamine, lorcaserin, methamphetamine, mirtazapine, pioglitazone, progesterone, guanfacine, levodopa, nefazodone presented promising anti-craving effects. Unfortunately, the highly tested medications were not successful in most of the trials, as follows: propranolol in the short term; amantadine, aripiprazole, bromocriptine, citicoline, ketamine, modafinil, olanzapine, topiramate in the long term. The remaining 52 medications had no positive anti-craving outcomes. LIMITATIONS Our review was limited by high heterogeneity of craving assessments across the studies and by a great range of pharmacotherapies. Further, the majority of the studies considered abstinence and retention in treatment as the main outcomes, whereas craving was a secondary outcome and some of the studies evaluated patients with cocaine use disorder with comorbidities such as opioid or alcohol use disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity. Lastly, most of the studies also included non-pharmacological treatments, such as counseling or psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS There is a direct association between craving and cocaine use, underscoring craving as an important treatment target for promoting abstinence among persons with cocaine use disorder. Clonidine, fenfluramine and m-CPP showed to be promising medications for cocaine craving in the short-term treatment, and amphetamine, biperiden, carbamazepine, lisdexamfetamine, lorcaserin, methamphetamine, mirtazapine, pioglitazone, progesterone, guanfacine, levodopa, nefazodone in the long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dângela Layne Silva Lassi
- Interdisciplinary Group of Alcohol and Drug Studies (GREA), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil
| | - André Malbergier
- Interdisciplinary Group of Alcohol and Drug Studies (GREA), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil
| | - André Brooking Negrão
- Interdisciplinary Group of Alcohol and Drug Studies (GREA), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Lígia Florio
- Interdisciplinary Group of Alcohol and Drug Studies (GREA), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil
| | - João P. De Aquino
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia
- Interdisciplinary Group of Alcohol and Drug Studies (GREA), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, ABC Health University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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26
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Sortman BW, Gobin C, Rakela S, Cerci B, Warren BL. Prelimbic Ensembles Mediate Cocaine Seeking After Behavioral Acquisition and Once Rats Are Well-Trained. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:920667. [PMID: 36225390 PMCID: PMC9549214 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.920667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic relapsing condition characterized by continued use of drugs despite negative consequences. SUD is thought to involve disordered learning and memory wherein drug-paired cues gain increased salience, and ultimately drive craving and relapse. These types of associations are thought to be encoded within sparsely distributed sets of neurons, called neuronal ensembles, that drive encoded behaviors through synchronous activity of the participant neurons. We have previously found that Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles within the prefrontal cortex are required for well-trained cocaine seeking. However, less is known about how quickly cortical neuronal ensembles form during the initiation of cocaine seeking behavior. Here, we seek to further elucidate the role of Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles within the prelimbic cortex (PL) after the initial acquisition of cocaine self-administration (SA), or, after 10 days of additional SA training (well-trained). We trained Fos-LacZ transgenic rats to lever press for cocaine under an FR1 schedule of reinforcement. Once rats met acquisition criteria for cocaine self-administration, we ablated Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles in the PL using the Daun02 inactivation method, either 1 or 10 days after the rats met the acquisition criteria. Targeted ablation of Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles in the PL attenuated active lever pressing both 1 day and 10 days after rats acquired cocaine self-administration. Together, this suggests that Fos-expressing neuronal ensembles rapidly form in the PL and continue to mediate maintained cocaine seeking behavior.
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Alonso IP, O'Connor BM, Bryant KG, Mandalaywala RK, España RA. Incubation of cocaine craving coincides with changes in dopamine terminal neurotransmission. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 3. [PMID: 36081573 PMCID: PMC9451023 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Relapse to drug use is one of the major challenges in treating substance use disorders. Exposure to drug-related cues and contexts triggers drug craving, which drives cocaine seeking, and increases the probability of relapse. Clinical and animal studies have shown a progressive intensification of cocaine seeking and craving that develops over the course of abstinence, a phenomenon commonly referred to as incubation of cocaine craving. Although the neurobiology underlying incubation of cocaine craving has been examined – particularly within the context of glutamate plasticity– the extent to which increased cocaine craving engenders mesolimbic dopamine (DA) changes has received relatively little attention. To assess whether incubation of cocaine craving is associated with alterations in DA terminal neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens core (NAc), we used ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry in female and male rats to assess DA dynamics following short access, long access, or intermittent access to cocaine self-administration followed by 28 days of abstinence. Results indicated that both long access and intermittent access to cocaine produced robust incubation of cocaine craving, which was associated with increases in cocaine potency. In addition, intermittent access self-administration also produced a robust increase in DA uptake rate at baseline. In contrast, short access to cocaine did not engender incubation of cocaine craving, nor produce changes in DA neurotransmission. Together these observations indicate that incubation of cocaine craving coincides with changes in DA transmission, suggesting that underlying changes in mesolimbic DA signaling may contribute to the progressive intensification of drug craving that occurs across periods of abstinence.
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28
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Strickland JC, Stoops WW, Banks ML, Gipson CD. Logical fallacies and misinterpretations that hinder progress in translational addiction neuroscience. J Exp Anal Behav 2022; 117:384-403. [PMID: 35362559 PMCID: PMC9090969 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are heterogeneous and complex, making the development of translationally predictive rodent and nonhuman primate models to uncover their neurobehavioral underpinnings difficult. Neuroscience-focused outcomes have become highly prevalent, and with this, the notion that SUDs are disorders of the brain embraced as a dominant theoretical orientation to understand SUD etiology and treatment. These efforts, however, have led to few efficacious pharmacotherapies, and in some cases (as with cocaine or methamphetamine), no pharmacotherapies have translated from preclinical models for clinical use. In this theoretical commentary, we first describe the development of animal models of substance use behaviors from a historical perspective. We then define and discuss three logical fallacies including 1) circular explanation, 2) affirming the consequent, and 3) reification that can apply to developed models. We then provide three case examples in which conceptual or logical issues exist in common methods (i.e., behavioral economic demand, escalation, and reinstatement). Alternative strategies to refocus behavioral models are suggested for the field to better bridge the translational divide between animal models, the clinical condition of SUDs, and current and future regulatory pathways for intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Matthew L. Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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29
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Alegre-Zurano L, Berbegal-Sáez P, Luján MÁ, Cantacorps L, Martín-Sánchez A, García-Baos A, Valverde O. Cannabidiol decreases motivation for cocaine in a behavioral economics paradigm but does not prevent incubation of craving in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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30
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Opioid and Sucrose Craving Are Accompanied by Unique Behavioral and Affective Profiles after Extended Abstinence in Male and Female Rats. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0515-21.2022. [PMID: 35241453 PMCID: PMC9007407 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0515-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incubation of craving refers to the intensification of drug-seeking behavior in response to reward-paired cues over the course of abstinence. In rodents, craving and drug-seeking behaviors have been measured by an increase in lever pressing in the absence of reinforcer availability in response to cue presentations. However, craving in rodents is difficult to define and little is known about the behavioral signatures that accompany increased drug-seeking behavior measured by lever pressing. The affective components of relapse are also important, but understudied in rodents. Hormonal fluctuations influence craving for psychostimulants, but little is known about the impact of the estrous cycle on opioid-seeking behavior. This study sought to delineate the behavioral and affective signatures associated with craving, and to examine the influence of the female estrous cycle on craving. Male and female rats underwent 10 d of intravenous opioid self-administration. Separate cohorts of control rats self-administered oral sucrose, a natural nondrug reward. Cue-induced seeking tests were conducted after 1 or 30d of forced abstinence. These sessions were recorded and scored for overall locomotion, instances of sniffing, grooming, or hyperactivity. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were also recorded to determine affective profiles that accompany opioid seeking. Although active lever presses and overall locomotion increased unanimously over extended abstinence from heroin and sucrose, a sex- and reinforcer-specific behavioral and affective signature of craving emerged. Furthermore, although the female estrous cycle did not affect taking or seeking, it appears to influence more granular behaviors.
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31
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Ekhtiari H, Zare-Bidoky M, Sangchooli A, Janes AC, Kaufman MJ, Oliver JA, Prisciandaro JJ, Wüstenberg T, Anton RF, Bach P, Baldacchino A, Beck A, Bjork JM, Brewer J, Childress AR, Claus ED, Courtney KE, Ebrahimi M, Filbey FM, Ghahremani DG, Azbari PG, Goldstein RZ, Goudriaan AE, Grodin EN, Hamilton JP, Hanlon CA, Hassani-Abharian P, Heinz A, Joseph JE, Kiefer F, Zonoozi AK, Kober H, Kuplicki R, Li Q, London ED, McClernon J, Noori HR, Owens MM, Paulus MP, Perini I, Potenza M, Potvin S, Ray L, Schacht JP, Seo D, Sinha R, Smolka MN, Spanagel R, Steele VR, Stein EA, Steins-Loeber S, Tapert SF, Verdejo-Garcia A, Vollstädt-Klein S, Wetherill RR, Wilson SJ, Witkiewitz K, Yuan K, Zhang X, Zilverstand A. A methodological checklist for fMRI drug cue reactivity studies: development and expert consensus. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:567-595. [PMID: 35121856 PMCID: PMC9063851 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cue reactivity is one of the most frequently used paradigms in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of substance use disorders (SUDs). Although there have been promising results elucidating the neurocognitive mechanisms of SUDs and SUD treatments, the interpretability and reproducibility of these studies is limited by incomplete reporting of participants' characteristics, task design, craving assessment, scanning preparation and analysis decisions in fMRI drug cue reactivity (FDCR) experiments. This hampers clinical translation, not least because systematic review and meta-analysis of published work are difficult. This consensus paper and Delphi study aims to outline the important methodological aspects of FDCR research, present structured recommendations for more comprehensive methods reporting and review the FDCR literature to assess the reporting of items that are deemed important. Forty-five FDCR scientists from around the world participated in this study. First, an initial checklist of items deemed important in FDCR studies was developed by several members of the Enhanced NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analyses (ENIGMA) Addiction working group on the basis of a systematic review. Using a modified Delphi consensus method, all experts were asked to comment on, revise or add items to the initial checklist, and then to rate the importance of each item in subsequent rounds. The reporting status of the items in the final checklist was investigated in 108 recently published FDCR studies identified through a systematic review. By the final round, 38 items reached the consensus threshold and were classified under seven major categories: 'Participants' Characteristics', 'General fMRI Information', 'General Task Information', 'Cue Information', 'Craving Assessment Inside Scanner', 'Craving Assessment Outside Scanner' and 'Pre- and Post-Scanning Considerations'. The review of the 108 FDCR papers revealed significant gaps in the reporting of the items considered important by the experts. For instance, whereas items in the 'General fMRI Information' category were reported in 90.5% of the reviewed papers, items in the 'Pre- and Post-Scanning Considerations' category were reported by only 44.7% of reviewed FDCR studies. Considering the notable and sometimes unexpected gaps in the reporting of items deemed to be important by experts in any FDCR study, the protocols could benefit from the adoption of reporting standards. This checklist, a living document to be updated as the field and its methods advance, can help improve experimental design, reporting and the widespread understanding of the FDCR protocols. This checklist can also provide a sample for developing consensus statements for protocols in other areas of task-based fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,These authors contributed equally: Mehran Zare-Bidoky, Arshiya Sangchooli
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,These authors contributed equally: Mehran Zare-Bidoky, Arshiya Sangchooli
| | - Amy C. Janes
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Marc J. Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jason A. Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - James J. Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Torsten Wüstenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raymond F. Anton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alex Baldacchino
- Division of Population Studies and Behavioural Sciences, St Andrews University Medical School, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Campus Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James M. Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Judson Brewer
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric D. Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelly E. Courtney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesca M. Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dara G. Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Ghobadi Azbari
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Paul Hamilton
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Colleen A. Hanlon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane E. Joseph
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph McClernon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hamid R. Noori
- International Center for Primate Brain Research, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT)/Institute of Neuroscience (ION), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Max M. Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Irene Perini
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marc Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Child Study Center and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lara Ray
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dongju Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vaughn R. Steele
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Reagan R. Wetherill
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China.,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale and School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Nicolas C, Russell TI, Shaham Y, Ikemoto S. Dissociation Between Incubation of Cocaine Craving and Anxiety-Related Behaviors After Continuous and Intermittent Access Self-Administration. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:824741. [PMID: 35197820 PMCID: PMC8859112 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.824741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using either continuous or intermittent access cocaine self-administration procedures showed that cocaine seeking increases during abstinence (incubation of cocaine craving), and that this effect is higher after intermittent cocaine access. Other studies showed that cocaine abstinence is characterized by the emergence of stress- and anxiety-related states which were hypothesized to increase relapse vulnerability. We examined whether incubation of cocaine craving and anxiety-related behaviors are correlated and whether intermittent cocaine self-administration would potentiate these behaviors during abstinence. Male rats self-administered cocaine either continuously (6 h/day) or intermittently (5 min ON, 25 min OFF × 12) for 14 days, followed by relapse tests after 1 or 21 abstinence days. A group of rats that self-administered saline served as a control. Anxiety-related behaviors were measured on the same abstinence days, using the novelty induced-hypophagia test. Finally, motivation for cocaine was measured using a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule. Lever-presses after 21 abstinence days were higher than after 1 day and this incubation effect was higher in the intermittent access group. Progressive ratio responding was also higher after intermittent cocaine access. Intermittent and continuous cocaine access did not induce anxiety-like responses in the novelty-induced hypophagia test after 1 or 21 abstinence days. Independent of the access condition, incubation of cocaine seeking was not correlated with the novelty-induced hypophagia measures. Results suggest that cocaine-induced anxiety-related states during protracted abstinence do not contribute to incubation of cocaine craving. However, this conclusion is tentative because we used a single anxiety-related measure and did not test female rats.
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Xie B, Zhang J, Ma C, Yu H, Ni Z, Cong B, Wen D. Roles of miR-592-3p and Its Target Gene, TMEFF1, in the Nucleus Accumbens During Incubation of Morphine Craving. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:412-424. [PMID: 35020881 PMCID: PMC9154238 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged forced abstinence from morphine can increase cue-induced cravings for the drug, contributing to a persistent vulnerability to relapse. Previous studies have identified the implications of aberrant microRNA (miRNA) regulation in the pathogenesis of morphine addiction, but the changes in miRNA expression during the incubation of morphine craving are still unknown. METHODS Nucleus accumbens (NAc)-specific altered miRNA transcriptomics was determined in a mouse model of cue-induced incubation of morphine craving following a next-generation sequencing method and verified by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the target gene of selected miRNA, and the protein expression of the target gene was detected by western blot. A dual-luciferase assay was performed to confirm the binding sites, and gain- and loss-of-function strategy was applied to understand the mechanism of miRNA and its target gene. RESULTS The miR-592-3p observed to be downregulated in the NAc core was linked to the incubation of morphine craving, and a dual-luciferase assay was performed to confirm the binding sites of miR-592-3p in its target gene, tomoregulin-1 (TMEFF1). Also, gain- and loss-of-function analyses revealed that the inhibition of miR-592-3p expression in the NAc core negatively regulated TMEFF1 expression, thereby enhancing the incubation of morphine craving; however, the overexpression of miR-592-3p in the NAc core resulted in a decreased expression of TMEFF1, thereby reducing the incubation of morphine craving. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that miR-592-3p can improve the incubation of morphine craving by targeting TMEFF1, and thus, it holds a therapeutic potential to inhibit opioid craving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunling Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Hailei Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Ni
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Bin Cong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Di Wen
- Correspondence: Di Wen, PhD, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China ()
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Nicolas C, Zlebnik NE, Farokhnia M, Leggio L, Ikemoto S, Shaham Y. Sex Differences in Opioid and Psychostimulant Craving and Relapse: A Critical Review. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:119-140. [PMID: 34987089 PMCID: PMC11060335 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A widely held dogma in the preclinical addiction field is that females are more vulnerable than males to drug craving and relapse. Here, we first review clinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Next, we review preclinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid reinstatement of drug seeking after extinction of drug self-administration, and incubation of drug craving (time-dependent increase in drug seeking during abstinence). We also discuss ovarian hormones' role in relapse and craving in humans and animal models and speculate on brain mechanisms underlying their role in cocaine craving and relapse in rodent models. Finally, we discuss imaging studies on brain responses to cocaine cues and stress in men and women.The results of the clinical studies reviewed do not appear to support the notion that women are more vulnerable to psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. However, this conclusion is tentative because most of the studies reviewed were correlational, not sufficiently powered, and not a priori designed to detect sex differences. Additionally, imaging studies suggest sex differences in brain responses to cocaine cues and stress. The results of the preclinical studies reviewed provide evidence for sex differences in stress-induced reinstatement and incubation of cocaine craving but not cue- or cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These sex differences are modulated in part by ovarian hormones. In contrast, the available data do not support the notion of sex differences in craving and relapse/reinstatement for methamphetamine or opioids in rodent models. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This systematic review summarizes clinical and preclinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Results of the clinical studies reviewed do not appear to support the notion that women are more vulnerable to psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Results of preclinical studies reviewed provide evidence for sex differences in reinstatement and incubation of cocaine seeking but not for reinstatement or incubation of methamphetamine or opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Nicolas
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Natalie E Zlebnik
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Satoshi Ikemoto
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C.N.); Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Present address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA (N.E.Z.); Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD (M.F., L.L., S.I., Y.S.); and Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.F., L.L.)
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Brown RM, Dayas C, James M, Smith RJ. New directions in modelling dysregulated reward seeking for food and drugs. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:1037-1048. [PMID: 34736883 PMCID: PMC8816817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral models are central to behavioral neuroscience. To study the neural mechanisms of maladaptive behaviors (including binge eating and drug addiction), it is essential to develop and utilize appropriate animal models that specifically focus on dysregulated reward seeking. Both food and cocaine are typically consumed in a regulated manner by rodents, motivated by reward and homeostatic mechanisms. However, both food and cocaine seeking can become dysregulated, resulting in binge-like consumption and compulsive patterns of intake. The speakers in this symposium for the 2021 International Behavioral Neuroscience Meeting utilize behavioral models of dysregulated reward-seeking to investigate the neural mechanisms of binge-like consumption, enhanced cue-driven reward seeking, excessive motivation, and continued use despite negative consequences. In this review, we outline examples of maladaptive patterns of intake and explore recent animal models that drive behavior to become dysregulated, including stress exposure and intermittent access to rewards. Lastly, we explore select behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying dysregulated reward-seeking for both food and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Australia.,Correspondence: Morgan James, Department of Psychiatry, 683 Hoes Ln West, Office 164, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854 USA, Ph: +1 732 235 4767, , Robyn M Brown, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Medical Building (B181), Level 8, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010 Australia, Ph: +61401007008,
| | - Christopher Dayas
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Morgan James
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA,Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA,Correspondence: Morgan James, Department of Psychiatry, 683 Hoes Ln West, Office 164, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854 USA, Ph: +1 732 235 4767, , Robyn M Brown, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Medical Building (B181), Level 8, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010 Australia, Ph: +61401007008,
| | - Rachel J Smith
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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36
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Kearns AM, Siemsen BM, Hopkins JL, Weber RA, Scofield MD, Peters J, Reichel CM. Chemogenetic inhibition of corticostriatal circuits reduces cued reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13097. [PMID: 34431593 PMCID: PMC8809357 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) causes enduring changes within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NA). Projections from the mPFC to the NA have a distinct dorsal-ventral distribution, with the prelimbic (PL) mPFC projecting to the NAcore, and the infralimbic (IL) mPFC projecting to the NAshell. Inhibition of these circuits has opposing effects on cocaine relapse. Inhibition of PL-NAcore reduces cued reinstatement of cocaine seeking and IL-NAshell inhibition reinstates cocaine seeking. Meth, however, exhibits a different profile, as pharmacological inhibition of either the PL or IL decrease cued reinstatement of meth-seeking. The potentially opposing roles of the PL-NAcore and IL-NAshell projections remain to be explored in the context of cued meth seeking. Here we used an intersectional viral vector approach that employs a retrograde delivery of Cre from the NA and Cre-dependent expression of DREADD in the mPFC, in both male and female rats to inhibit or activate these parallel pathways. Inhibition of the PL-NAcore circuit reduced cued reinstatement of meth seeking under short and long-access meth self-administration and after withdrawal with and without extinction. Inhibition of the IL-NAshell also decreased meth cued reinstatement. Activation of the parallel circuits was without an effect. These studies show that inhibition of the PL-NAcore or the IL-NAshell circuits can inhibit reinstated meth seeking. Thus, the neural circuitry mediating cued reinstatement of meth seeking is similar to cocaine in the dorsal, but not ventral, mPFC-NA circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Kearns
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Benjamin M. Siemsen
- Department of Anesthesiology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Jordan L. Hopkins
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Rachel A. Weber
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Michael D. Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- Department of Anesthesiology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Jamie Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado Denver Aurora Colorado USA
- Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado Denver Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Carmela M. Reichel
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
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37
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Venniro M, Reverte I, Ramsey LA, Papastrat KM, D'Ottavio G, Milella MS, Li X, Grimm JW, Caprioli D. Factors modulating the incubation of drug and non-drug craving and their clinical implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:847-864. [PMID: 34597716 PMCID: PMC8931548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It was suggested in 1986 that cue-induced cocaine craving increases progressively during early abstinence and remains high during extended periods of time. Clinical evidence now supports this hypothesis and that this increase is not specific to cocaine but rather generalize across several drugs of abuse. Investigators have identified an analogous incubation phenomenon in rodents, in which time-dependent increases in cue-induced drug seeking are observed after abstinence from intravenous drug or palatable food self-administration. Incubation of craving is susceptible to variation in magnitude as a function of biological and/or the environmental circumstances surrounding the individual. During the last decade, the neurobiological correlates of the modulatory role of biological (sex, age, genetic factors) and environmental factors (environmental enrichment and physical exercise, sleep architecture, acute and chronic stress, abstinence reinforcement procedures) on incubation of drug craving has been investigated. In this review, we summarized the behavioral procedures adopted, the key underlying neurobiological correlates and clinical implications of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Venniro
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Leslie A Ramsey
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore NIDA, NIH, USA
| | - Kimberly M Papastrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ginevra D'Ottavio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Xuan Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, USA.
| | - Jeffrey W Grimm
- Department of Psychology and Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, USA.
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.
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38
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Duan Y, Meng Y, Du W, Li M, Zhang J, Liang J, Li Y, Sui N, Shen F. Increased cocaine motivation in tree shrews is modulated by striatal dopamine D1 receptor-mediated upregulation of Ca v 1.2. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13053. [PMID: 33987939 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The progressively increased motivation for cocaine during abstinence is closely associated with the dysfunction of dopamine (DA) system. As DA receptors also dynamically regulate L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), in this study we examined how DA receptors (D1R or D2R) and LTCCs (Cav 1.2 or Cav 1.3) exert their influences on cocaine-seeking in a tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) model. First, we demonstrated the 'incubation' effect by showing tree shrews exhibited a significantly higher seeking behaviour on withdrawal day (WD) 45 than on WD1. Then, we confirmed that longer abstinence period induced higher D1R expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Next, we showed that LTCCs in the NAc participated in drug seeking. Moreover, Cav 1.2 expression in the NAc was increased on WD45, and disruption of the Cav 1.2 inhibited drug seeking. Finally, we found that D1R antagonist blocked the increase of Cav 1.2 on drug-seeking test. Collectively, these findings suggest that D1R-mediated upregulation of Cav 1.2 is involved in the incubation of cocaine craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yiming Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wenjie Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yonghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Dramatic increase in lever-pressing activity in rats after training on the progressive ratio schedule of cocaine self-administration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19656. [PMID: 34608176 PMCID: PMC8490463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition from the highest rate of lever-pressing activity during the unloading (extinction) phase of a cocaine self-administration session to an extremely low activity rate during the remission phase is in many cases gradual. This makes it difficult to assess the duration of the unloading phase after a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) or breakpoint after a progressive-ratio (PR) self-administration session. In addition, 3–5 days of training under the PR schedule results in a dramatic and persistent increase in the rate of presses during PR sessions and in the unloading phase following FR1 self-administration sessions. The goals of this study were to find the definition of the last press demarcating the border between the unloading and remission phases of the session and to determine if this border was also affected by PR training. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine under the FR1 schedule and then under the PR schedule of drug delivery. Distributions of inter-press intervals (IPIs) during the unloading phase in sessions before and after PR training were compared. It was found that the distribution of cocaine-induced IPIs during the unloading phase was lognormal, bimodal, and independent of previously injected cocaine unit doses. The first mode represented intervals within the short bouts of stereotypic presses and the second mode represented intervals between bouts. The two modes were approximately 0.7 s and 21 s during unloading prior to and 0.6 s and 1.5 s after PR self-administration training. The total number of presses per unloading phase increased eightfold. When the FR1 schedule was restored, the intervals between bouts remained very short for at least 7–10 days and only then started a gradual increase towards baseline levels. The last unloading press was defined as the press followed by the IPI longer than the defined criterion. PR training resulted in a substantial and long-lasting increase in lever-pressing activity during unloading. The duration of the unloading phase did not depend on the rate of lever-pressing activity.
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Inactivation of the infralimbic cortex decreases discriminative stimulus-controlled relapse to cocaine seeking in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1969-1980. [PMID: 34162997 PMCID: PMC8429767 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent susceptibility to cue-induced relapse is a cardinal feature of addiction. Discriminative stimuli (DSs) are one type of drug-associated cue that signal drug availability (DS+) or unavailability (DS-) and control drug seeking prior to relapse. We previously established a trial-based procedure in rats to isolate DSs from context, conditioned stimuli, and other drug-associated cues during cocaine self-administration and demonstrated DS-controlled cocaine seeking up to 300 abstinence days. The behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying trial-based DS-control of drug seeking have rarely been investigated. Here we show that following discrimination training in our trial-based procedure, the DS+ and DS- independently control the expression and suppression of cocaine seeking during abstinence. Using microinjections of GABAA + GABAB receptor agonists (muscimol + baclofen) in medial prefrontal cortex, we report that infralimbic, but not prelimbic, subregion of medial prefrontal cortex is critical to persistent DS-controlled relapse to cocaine seeking after prolonged abstinence, but not DS-guided discriminated cocaine seeking or DS-controlled cocaine self-admininstration. Finally, using ex vivo whole-cell recordings from pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, we demonstrate that the disruption of DS-controlled cocaine seeking following infralimbic cortex microinjections of muscimol+baclofen is likely a result of suppression of synaptic transmission in the region via a presynaptic mechanism of action.
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Mitra S, Gobira PH, Werner CT, Martin JA, Iida M, Thomas SA, Erias K, Miracle S, Lafargue C, An C, Dietz DM. A role for the endocannabinoid enzymes monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol lipases in cue-induced cocaine craving following prolonged abstinence. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13007. [PMID: 33496035 PMCID: PMC11000690 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Following exposure to drugs of abuse, long-term neuroadaptations underlie persistent risk to relapse. Endocannabinoid signaling has been associated with drug-induced neuroadaptations, but the role of lipases that mediate endocannabinoid biosynthesis and metabolism in regulating relapse behaviors following prolonged periods of drug abstinence has not been examined. Here, we investigated how pharmacological manipulation of lipases involved in regulating the expression of the endocannabinoid 2-AG in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) influence cocaine relapse via discrete neuroadaptations. At prolonged abstinence (30 days) from cocaine self-administration, there is an increase in the NAc levels of diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-AG, along with decreased levels of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which hydrolyzes 2-AG. Since endocannabinoid-mediated behavioral plasticity involves phosphatase dysregulation, we examined the phosphatase calcineurin after 30 days of abstinence and found decreased expression in the NAc, which we demonstrate is regulated through the transcription factor EGR1. Intra-NAc pharmacological manipulation of DAGL and MAGL with inhibitors DO-34 and URB-602, respectively, bidirectionally regulated cue-induced cocaine seeking and altered the phosphostatus of translational initiation factor, eIF2α. Finally, we found that cocaine seeking 30 days after abstinence leads to decreased phosphorylation of eIF2α and reduced expression of its downstream target NPAS4, a protein involved in experience-dependent neuronal plasticity. Together, our findings demonstrate that lipases that regulate 2-AG expression influence transcriptional and translational changes in the NAc related to drug relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pedro H. Gobira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Craig T. Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Madoka Iida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shruthi A. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kyra Erias
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Miracle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Charles Lafargue
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chunna An
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David M. Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Barrera ED, Loughlin L, Greenberger S, Ewing S, Ranaldi R, Ranaldi R. Environmental enrichment reduces heroin seeking following incubation of craving in both male and female rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108852. [PMID: 34225225 PMCID: PMC8355213 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary treatments for heroin use disorder demonstrate only limited efficacy when the goals are long term abstinence and prevention of relapse. We have demonstrated that environmental enrichment (EE) reduces cue-induced heroin reinstatement in male rats. The present study is an attempt to extend the "anti-relapse" effects of EE to female rats and to periods where incubation of craving is hypothesized to occur. METHODS This experiment implemented a 3-phase procedure. In Phase 1, male and female rats were trained to self-administer heroin for 15 days. Phase 2 consisted of a 3- or 15-day forced abstinence (FA) period. In Phase 3 half of the rats were placed into EE and the other half in non-EE housing and subsequently tested for responding in extinction (no heroin or cues) for 15 days followed by a cue-induced reinstatement test. RESULTS We found that rats in the 15 days FA condition showed significantly enhanced drug seeking during extinction, irrespective of sex. We also found that EE significantly reduced this effect. During reinstatement, EE significantly reduced drug seeking in male and female rats and in both 3- and 15-day FA groups. CONCLUSIONS EE, with or without prolonged FA, effectively reduced heroin seeking in male and female rats. These findings indicate that EE can reduce drug-seeking in males and females and when putative incubation of craving (i.e., prolonged abstinence period) has occurred and suggest that it may aid in the development of future long-term behavioral treatments for individuals at risk for heroin relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert Ranaldi
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.
| | - Robert Ranaldi
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.
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Murray CH, Gaulden AD, Kawa AB, Milovanovic M, Caccamise AJ, Funke JR, Patel S, Wolf ME. CaMKII Modulates Diacylglycerol Lipase-α Activity in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens after Incubation of Cocaine Craving. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0220-21.2021. [PMID: 34544759 PMCID: PMC8503962 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0220-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse is a major challenge to the treatment of substance use disorders. A progressive increase in cue-induced drug craving, termed incubation of craving, is observed after withdrawal from multiple drugs of abuse in humans and rodents. Incubation of cocaine craving involves the strengthening of excitatory synapses onto nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons via postsynaptic accumulation of high-conductance Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. This enhances reactivity to drug-associated cues and is required for the expression of incubation. Additionally, incubation of cocaine craving is associated with loss of the synaptic depression normally triggered by stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5), leading to endocannabinoid production, and expressed presynaptically via cannabinoid receptor 1 activation. Previous studies have found alterations in mGlu5 and Homer proteins associated with the loss of this synaptic depression. Here we conducted coimmunoprecipitation studies to investigate associations of diacylglycerol lipase-α (DGL), which catalyzes formation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), with mGlu5 and Homer proteins. Although these interactions were unchanged in the NAc core at incubation-relevant withdrawal times, the association of DGL with total and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) and CaMKIIβ was increased. This would be predicted, based on other studies, to inhibit DGL activity and therefore 2-AG production. This was confirmed by measuring DGL enzymatic activity. However, the magnitude of DGL inhibition did not correlate with the magnitude of incubation of craving for individual rats. These results suggest that CaMKII contributes to the loss of mGlu5-dependent synaptic depression after incubation, but the functional significance of this loss remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor H Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-3095
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Andrew D Gaulden
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Alex B Kawa
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Mike Milovanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-3095
| | - Aaron J Caccamise
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-3095
| | - Jonathan R Funke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Sachin Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-3095
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
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Roberts CA, Lorenzetti V, Albein-Urios N, Kowalczyk MA, Martinez-Gonzalez JM, Verdejo-Garcia A. Do comorbid personality disorders in cocaine dependence exacerbate neuroanatomical alterations? A structural neuroimaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110298. [PMID: 33716043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine dependence (CD) is highly comorbid with personality disorders, with implications for poorer treatment response. The neurobiological mechanisms of this comorbidity are unclear. We aimed to test the role of comorbid personality disorders in the neuroanatomy of CD. We examined 4 groups using high-resolution structural neuroimaging, psychological questionnaires and cognitive tests: CD (n = 19), CD and personality disorder type B (CD + B, n = 21), CD and personality disorder C (CD + C, n = 13) and 21 controls. We compared groups in neuroanatomy and hypothesised that (i) CD would show altered striatal areas ascribed to reward processing (i.e., accumbens, caudate and putamen), (ii) CD + B and CD + C would show altered areas supporting emotional regulation/social valuation and anxiety/avoidance (i.e., OFC and amygdala). The CD + B group had larger caudate volumes than CD (p = .01, d = 0.94) and reduced lateral OFC thickness than CD + C (p = .056, d = 0.71). Exploratory correlations showed that altered neural integrity of the OFC and of the caudate nucleus in these groups exacerbated with worse personality disorder severity and impulsivity scores. CD with and without comorbid personality disorders may have partially distinct underlying mechanisms and targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Roberts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK; Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Natalia Albein-Urios
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Magdalena A Kowalczyk
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | | | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain; School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Effects of Sex and Estrous Cycle on the Time Course of Incubation of Cue-Induced Craving following Extended-Access Cocaine Self-Administration. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0054-21.2021. [PMID: 34290059 PMCID: PMC8362687 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0054-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a devastating public health epidemic that continues to grow. Studies focused on identifying biological factors influencing cocaine craving and relapse vulnerability are necessary to promote abstinence in recovering drug users. Sex and ovarian hormones are known to influence cocaine addiction liability and relapse vulnerability in both humans and rodents. Previous studies have investigated sex differences in the time-dependent intensification or "incubation" of cue-induced cocaine craving that occurs during withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration and have identified changes across the rat reproductive cycle (estrous cycle). Female rats in the estrus stage of the cycle (Estrus Females), the phase during which ovulation occurs, show an increase in the magnitude of incubated cue-induced cocaine craving compared with females in all other phases of the estrous cycle (Non-Estrus Females). Here we extend these findings by assessing incubated craving across the estrous cycle during earlier withdrawal periods (withdrawal day 1 and 15) and later withdrawal periods (withdrawal day 48). We found that this increase in the magnitude of incubated craving during estrus (Estrus Females) is present on withdrawal day 15, but not on withdrawal day 1, and further increases by withdrawal day 48. No difference in the magnitude of incubated craving was observed between Males and Non-Estrus Females. Our data indicate that the effects of hormonal fluctuations on cue-induced cocaine craving intensify during the first month and a half of withdrawal, showing an interaction among abstinence length, estrous cycle fluctuations, and cocaine craving.
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Fredriksson I, Venniro M, Reiner DJ, Chow JJ, Bossert JM, Shaham Y. Animal Models of Drug Relapse and Craving after Voluntary Abstinence: A Review. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1050-1083. [PMID: 34257149 PMCID: PMC11060480 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of addiction. During the last several decades, this clinical scenario has been studied at the preclinical level using classic relapse/reinstatement models in which drug seeking is assessed after experimenter-imposed home-cage forced abstinence or extinction of the drug-reinforced responding in the self-administration chambers. To date, however, results from studies using rat relapse/reinstatement models have yet to result in Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for relapse prevention. The reasons for this state of affairs are complex and multifaceted, but one potential reason is that, in humans, abstinence is often self-imposed or voluntary and occurs either because the negative consequences of drug use outweigh the drug's rewarding effects or because of the availability of nondrug alternative rewards that are chosen over the drug. Based on these considerations, we and others have recently developed rat models of relapse after voluntary abstinence, achieved either by introducing adverse consequences to drug taking (punishment) or seeking (electric barrier) or by providing mutually exclusive choices between the self-administered drug and nondrug rewards (palatable food or social interaction). In this review, we provide an overview of these translationally relevant relapse models and discuss recent neuropharmacological findings from studies using these models. We also discuss sex as a biological variable, future directions, and clinical implications of results from relapse studies using voluntary abstinence models. Our main conclusion is that the neuropharmacological mechanisms controlling relapse to drug seeking after voluntary abstinence are often different from the mechanisms controlling relapse after home-cage forced abstinence or reinstatement after extinction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review describes recently developed rat models of relapse after voluntary abstinence, achieved either by introducing adverse consequences to drug taking or seeking or by providing mutually exclusive choices between the self-administered drug and nondrug rewards. This review discusses recent neuropharmacological findings from studies using these models and discusses future directions and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Fredriksson
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David J Reiner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonathan J Chow
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M Bossert
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (I.F., M.V., D.J.R., J.J.C., J.M.B., Y.S.), and Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Altshuler RD, Garcia KT, Li X. Incubation of Oxycodone Craving Following Adult-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Oxycodone Self-Administration in Male Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:697509. [PMID: 34248518 PMCID: PMC8262493 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.697509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse is a major obstacle to curb the ongoing epidemic of prescription opioid abuse. We and others previously demonstrated that oxycodone seeking in adult rats progressively increases after abstinence from oxycodone self-administration (incubation of oxycodone craving). In humans, the onset of oxycodone use in adolescents may increase individuals' vulnerability to later opioid addiction. However, little is known about incubation of oxycodone craving after adolescent-onset oxycodone self-administration in rats. In the first study, we trained single-housed adolescent (postnatal day 35 at start) and adult (postnatal day 77 at start) male Sprague-Dawley rats to self-administer oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg/infusion, 6 h/day for 10 days) and then tested oxycodone relapse on both abstinence day 1 and day 15. Given that social experience is critical for neurobehavioral development in adolescents, we performed the second study using group-housed adolescent and adult rats. In both studies, we observed no age differences in oxycodone self-administration and incubated oxycodone seeking on abstinence day 15. However, on abstinence day 1, we observed decreased oxycodone seeking in adolescents compared with adults. This pattern of data led to elevated incubation slopes in adolescent rats compared with adult rats. Finally, group-housed rats exhibited attenuated oxycodone seeking compared with single-housed rats on abstinence day 15, but not on day 1. Taken together, these data suggest that adolescents may be resistant to oxycodone relapse during early abstinence, but this resistance dissipates quickly during the transition between adolescent and young adulthood. In addition, group-housing plays a protective role against incubated oxycodone craving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuan Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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48
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Carroll ME. Voluntary exercise as a treatment for incubated and expanded drug craving leading to relapse to addiction: Animal models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 208:173210. [PMID: 34116079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, as more than 80% of former drug users relapse within a year after quit attempts have ended. This review examines incubated craving that develops over long periods of weeks to months after addictive drug use ends, when rats are given a small priming exposure to the formerly used drug, and a large amount of drug seeking occurs, reflecting large increases in craving over time. Expanded craving occurs when not only the recently-used drug, but other related or unrelated drugs of abuse elicit drug seeking that leads to relapse behavior, including common drugs like caffeine or nicotine, Thus, expanded craving is an increase in the conditions that elicit relapse, such as, a variety of drugs, and it persists weeks after drug use ends. Incubated and expanded craving occur with several drugs of abuse, and these forms of craving, can last for weeks to months and end in relapse. Voluntary physical exercise, blocked incubated cocaine craving, and expanded heroin craving elicited by multiple conditions was reduced in female and male rats. This review examines voluntary physical exercise as a long-term, self-initiated, and self-sustainable treatment that reduces long-term drug craving leading to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Science, 621 Park Ave, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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49
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The role of circTmeff-1 in incubation of context-induced morphine craving. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105722. [PMID: 34116208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A progressive increase in drug craving following drug exposure is an important trigger of relapse. CircularRNAs (CircRNAs), key regulators of gene expression, play an important role in neurological diseases. However, the role of circRNAs in drug craving is unclear. In the present study, we trained mice to morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) and collected the nucleus accumbens (NAc) sections on abstinence day 1 (AD1) and day 14 (AD14) for RNA-sequencing. CircTmeff-1, which was highly expressed in the NAc core, was associated with incubation of context-induced morphine craving. The gain- and loss- of function showed that circTmeff-1 was a positive regulator of incubation. Simultaneously, the expression of miR-541-5p and miR-6934-3p were down-regulated in the NAc core during the incubation period. The dual luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, and fluorescence insitu hybridization assays confirmed that miR-541-5p and miR-6934-3p bind to circTmeff-1 selectively. Furthermore, bioinformatics and western blot analysis suggested that vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (VAMP1) and neurofascin (NFASC), both overlapping targets of miR-541-5p and miR-6934-3p, were highly expressed during incubation. Lastly, AAV-induced down-regulation of circTmeff-1 decreased VAMP1 and NFASC expression and incubation of morphine craving. These findings suggested that circTmeff-1, a novel circRNA, promotes incubation of context-induced morphine craving by sponging miR-541/miR-6934 in the NAc core. Thus, circTmeff-1 represents a potential therapeutic target for context-induced opioid craving, following prolonged abstinence.
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Jiang X, Zhang JJ, Song S, Li Y, Sui N. The duration of withdrawal affects the muscarinic signaling in the nucleus accumbens after chronic morphine exposure in neonatal rats. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2228-2236. [PMID: 33978485 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00441.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The infants experience withdrawal from opiates, and time-dependent adaptations in neuronal activity of nucleus accumbens (NAc) may be crucial for this process. A key adaptation is an increased release of acetylcholine. The present study investigates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) functions in the NAc at short-term (SWT) and long-term (LWT) withdrawal time following chronic morphine exposure in neonatal rats. The inhibitory role of presynaptic mAChRs activation in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in medium spiny neurons was decreased at LWT but not at SWT. Whereas, the excitatory role of post/extrasynaptic mAChRs activation in membrane currents was reduced at LWT but enhanced at SWT. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of acute morphine on post/extrasynaptic mAChRs-mediated inward currents was enhanced at SWT but not at LWT. These results suggest that withdrawal from morphine leads to downregulation of presynaptic and post/extrasynaptic mAChRs functions in the NAc, which may coregulate the development of withdrawal in neonates.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated for the first time how the duration of withdrawal affects mAChRs functions in the nucleus accumbens in neonatal rats. Compared with short-term withdrawal time, rats showed downregulation of presynaptic and post/extrasynaptic mAChRs functions during long-term withdrawal time. Our finding introduces a new possible correlation between the mAChRs dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens and the development of withdrawal in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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