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Mercer RCC, Le NTT, Fraser DG, Houser MCQ, Beeler AB, Harris DA. Sigma Receptor Ligands Are Potent Antiprion Compounds that Act Independently of Sigma Receptor Binding. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2265-2282. [PMID: 38743607 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are invariably fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and other animals for which there are no effective treatment options. Previous work from our laboratory identified phenethylpiperidines as a novel class of anti-prion compounds. While working to identify the molecular target(s) of these molecules, we unexpectedly discovered ten novel antiprion compounds based on their known ability to bind to the sigma receptors, σ1R and σ2R, which are currently being tested as therapeutic or diagnostic targets for cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. Surprisingly, however, knockout of the respective genes encoding σ1R and σ2R (Sigmar1 and Tmem97) in prion-infected N2a cells did not alter the antiprion activity of these compounds, demonstrating that these receptors are not the direct targets responsible for the antiprion effects of their ligands. Further investigation of the most potent molecules established that they are efficacious against multiple prion strains and protect against downstream prion-mediated synaptotoxicity. While the precise details of the mechanism of action of these molecules remain to be determined, the present work forms the basis for further investigation of these compounds in preclinical studies. Given the therapeutic utility of several of the tested compounds, including rimcazole and haloperidol for neuropsychiatric conditions, (+)-pentazocine for neuropathic pain, and the ongoing clinical trials of SA 4503 and ANAVEX2-73 for ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease, respectively, this work has immediate implications for the treatment of human prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C C Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Nhat T T Le
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Douglas G Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mei C Q Houser
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Aaron B Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
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2
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Christmann U, Garriga L, Llorente AV, Díaz JL, Pascual R, Bordas M, Dordal A, Porras M, Yeste S, Reinoso RF, Vela JM, Almansa C. WLB-87848, a Selective σ 1 Receptor Agonist, with an Unusually Positioned NH Group as Positive Ionizable Moiety and Showing Neuroprotective Activity. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38753759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological activity of a new series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives as sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) ligands are reported. A hit from a high-throughput screening program was evolved into a highly potent and selective σ1R agonist (14qR) that contains a free NH group as positive ionizable moiety, not fulfilling the usual pharmacophoric features of the σ1R. The compound shows good physicochemical and ADMET characteristics, displays an agonist profile in the binding immunoglobulin protein/σ1R association assay, induces neuron viability in an in vitro model of β-amyloid peptide intoxication, and presents positive results against recognition memory impairment induced by hippocampal injection of Aβ peptide in rats after oral treatment, altogether making 14qR (WLB-87848) an interesting candidate for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Christmann
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garriga
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ana Virginia Llorente
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Luis Díaz
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Rosalía Pascual
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Magda Bordas
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Albert Dordal
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Mónica Porras
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sandra Yeste
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Raquel F Reinoso
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Carmen Almansa
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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3
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Zhang GF, Zhu KL, Li Q, Zhang Y, Waddington JL, Du XD, Zhen XC. The classical D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 is a functional sigma-1 receptor allosteric modulator. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01256-1. [PMID: 38605179 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SCH23390 is a widely used D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) antagonist that also elicits some D1R-independent effects. We previously found that the benzazepine, SKF83959, an analog of SCH23390, produces positive allosteric modulation of the Sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R). SCH23390 does not bind to the orthodoxic site of Sig1R but enhances the binding of 3H (+)-pentazocine to Sig1R. In this study, we investigated whether SCH23390 functions as an allosteric modulator of Sig1R. We detected increased Sig1R dissociation from binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and translocation of Sig1R to the plasma membrane in response to SCH23390 in transfected HEK293T and SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. Activation of Sig1R by SCH23390 was further confirmed by inhibition of GSK3β activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner; this effect was blocked by pretreatment with the Sig1R antagonist, BD1047, and by knockdown of Sig1R. SCH23390 also inhibited GSK3β in wild-type mice but not in Sig1R knockout mice. Finally, we showed that SCH23390 allosterically modulated the effect of the Sig1R agonist SKF10047 on inhibition of GSK3β. This positive allosteric effect of SCH23390 was further confirmed via promotion of neuronal protection afforded by SKF10047 in primary cortical neurons challenged with MPP+. These results provide the first evidence that SCH23390 elicits functional allosteric modulation of Sig1R. Our findings not only reveal novel pharmacological effects of SCH23390 but also indicate a potential mechanism for SCH23390-mediated D1R-independent effects. Therefore, attention should be paid to these Sig1R-mediated effects when explaining pharmacological responses to SCH23390.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu-Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai-Lian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - John L Waddington
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xiang-Dong Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China.
| | - Xue-Chu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Fan Z, Xiao Y, Shi Y, Hao C, Chen Y, Zhang G, Zhuang T, Cao X. Thiophenpiperazine amide derivatives as new dual MOR and σ 1R ligands for the treatment of pain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 697:149547. [PMID: 38245926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A new series of thiophenpiperazine amide derivatives as potent dual ligands for the μ-opioid (MOR) and sigma-1 (σ1R) receptors are reported. Compound 23 exhibited good affinity to σ1R (Ki = 44.7 ± 7.05 nM) and high selectivity to σ2R. Furthermore, Compound 23 exerted MOR agonism and σ1R antagonism and potent analgesic activity in animal moldes (the abdominal constriction test (ED50 = 3.83 mg/kg) and carrageenan-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia model (ED50 = 5.23 mg/kg)). We obtained new dual ligands that might serve as starting points for preparing targeted tools. Furthermore, 23 may be a useful chemical probe for understanding more fully analgesic effects associated with MOR agonism and σ1R antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Xudong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Couly S, Yasui Y, Foncham S, Grammatikakis I, Lal A, Shi L, Su TP. Benzomorphan and non-benzomorphan agonists differentially alter sigma-1 receptor quaternary structure, as does types of cellular stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:14. [PMID: 38191696 PMCID: PMC10774196 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a calcium-sensitive, ligand-operated receptor chaperone present on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. S1R plays an important role in ER-mitochondrial inter-organelle calcium signaling and cell survival. S1R and its agonists confer resilience against various neurodegenerative diseases; however, the molecular mechanism of S1R is not yet fully understood. At resting state, S1R is either in a monomeric or oligomeric state but the ratio of these concentrations seems to change upon activation of S1R. S1R is activated by either cellular stress, such as ER-calcium depletion, or ligands. While the effect of ligands on S1R quaternary structure remains unclear, the effect of cellular stress has not been studied. In this study we utilize cellular and an in-vivo model to study changes in quaternary structure of S1R upon activation. We incubated cells with cellular stressors (H2O2 and thapsigargin) or exogenous ligands, then quantified monomeric and oligomeric forms. We observed that benzomorphan-based S1R agonists induce monomerization of S1R and decrease oligomerization, which was confirmed in the liver tissue of mice injected with (+)-Pentazocine. Antagonists block this effect but do not induce any changes when used alone. Oxidative stress (H2O2) increases the monomeric/oligomeric S1R ratio whereas ER calcium depletion (thapsigargin) has no effect. We also analyzed the oligomerization ability of various truncated S1R fragments and identified the fragments favorizing oligomerization. In this publication we demonstrate that quaternary structural changes differ according to the mechanism of S1R activation. Therefore, we offer a novel perspective on S1R activation as a nuanced phenomenon dependent on the type of stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Couly
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Semnyonga Foncham
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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6
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Mahamed Z, Shadab M, Najar RA, Millar MW, Bal J, Pressley T, Fazal F. The Protective Role of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (MAM) Protein Sigma-1 Receptor in Regulating Endothelial Inflammation and Permeability Associated with Acute Lung Injury. Cells 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 38201208 PMCID: PMC10778450 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies from our lab identified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone BiP/GRP78, an important component of MAM, to be a novel determinant of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction associated with acute lung injury (ALI). Sigma1R (Sig1R) is another unique ER receptor chaperone that has been identified to associate with BiP/GRP78 at the MAM and is known to be a pluripotent modulator of cellular homeostasis. However, it is unclear if Sig1R also plays a role in regulating the EC inflammation and permeability associated with ALI. Our data using human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) showed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sig1R potentiated LPS-induced the expression of proinflammatory molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and IL-8. Consistent with this, Sig1R agonist, PRE-084, known to activate Sig1R by inducing its dissociation from BiP/GRP78, blunted the above response. Notably, PRE-084 failed to blunt LPS-induced inflammatory responses in Sig1R-depleted cells, confirming that the effect of PRE-084 is driven by Sig1R. Furthermore, Sig1R antagonist, NE-100, known to inactivate Sig1R by blocking its dissociation from BiP/GRP78, failed to block LPS-induced inflammatory responses, establishing that dissociation from BiP/GRP78 is required for Sig1R to exert its anti-inflammatory action. Unlike Sig1R, the siRNA-mediated knockdown or Subtilase AB-mediated inactivation of BiP/GRP78 protected against LPS-induced EC inflammation. Interestingly, the protective effect of BiP/GRP78 knockdown or inactivation was abolished in cells that were depleted of Sig1R, confirming that BiP/GRP78 knockdown/inactivation-mediated suppression of EC inflammation is mediated via Sig1R. In view of these findings, we determined the in vivo relevance of Sig1R in a mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI. The intraperitoneal injection of PRE-084 mitigated sepsis-induced ALI, as evidenced by a decrease in ICAM-1, IL-6 levels, lung PMN infiltration, and lung vascular leakage. Together, these data evidence a protective role of Sig1R against endothelial dysfunction associated with ALI and identify it as a viable target in terms of controlling ALI in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (Z.M.); (M.S.); (R.A.N.); (M.W.M.); (J.B.); (T.P.)
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7
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Mercer RCC, Le NTT, Houser MCQ, Beeler AB, Harris DA. Sigma receptor ligands are potent anti-prion compounds that act independently of sigma receptor binding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.569035. [PMID: 38077011 PMCID: PMC10705434 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.569035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Prion diseases are invariably fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and other animals for which there are no treatment options. Previous work from our laboratory identified phenethyl piperidines as novel class of anti-prion compounds. While working to identify the molecular target(s) of these molecules, we unexpectedly discovered ten novel anti-prion compounds based on their known ability to bind to the sigma receptors, σ 1 R and 2 R, which are currently being tested as therapeutic or diagnostic targets for cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. Surprisingly, however, knockout of the respective genes encoding σ 1 R and σ 2 R ( Sigmar1 and Tmem97 ), in prion infected N2a cells did not alter the anti-prion activity of these compounds, demonstrating that these receptors are not the direct targets responsible the anti-prion effects of their ligands. Further investigation of the most potent molecules established that they are efficacious against multiple prion strains and protect against downstream prion-mediated synaptotoxicity. While the precise details of the mechanism of action of these molecules remains to be determined, the present work forms the basis for further investigations of these compounds in pre-clinical studies. Given the therapeutic utility of several of the tested compounds, including rimcazole and haloperidol for neuropsychiatric conditions, (+)-pentazocine for neuropathic pain, and the ongoing clinical trials of SA 4503 and ANAVEX2-73 for ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease, respectively, this work has immediate implications for the treatment of human prion disease.
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8
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Bonifazi A, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Piergentili A, Saab E, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Quaglia W. Targeting orexin receptors: Recent advances in the development of subtype selective or dual ligands for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1607-1667. [PMID: 37036052 DOI: 10.1002/med.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Orexin-A and orexin-B, also named hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2, are two hypothalamic neuropeptides highly conserved across mammalian species. Their effects are mediated by two distinct G protein-coupled receptors, namely orexin receptor type 1 (OX1-R) and type 2 (OX2-R), which share 64% amino acid identity. Given the wide expression of OX-Rs in different central nervous system and peripheral areas and the several pathophysiological functions in which they are involved, including sleep-wake cycle regulation (mainly mediated by OX2-R), emotion, panic-like behaviors, anxiety/stress, food intake, and energy homeostasis (mainly mediated by OX1-R), both subtypes represent targets of interest for many structure-activity relationship (SAR) campaigns carried out by pharmaceutical companies and academies. However, before 2017 the research was predominantly directed towards dual-orexin ligands, and limited chemotypes were investigated. Analytical characterizations, including resolved structures for both OX1-R and OX2-R in complex with agonists and antagonists, have improved the understanding of the molecular basis of receptor recognition and are assets for medicinal chemists in the design of subtype-selective ligands. This review is focused on the medicinal chemistry aspects of small molecules acting as dual or subtype selective OX1-R/OX2-R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last years, including radiolabeled OX-R ligands for molecular imaging. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of the most studied ligands in different neuropsychiatric diseases, such as sleep, mood, substance use, and eating disorders, as well as pain, have been discussed. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Elizabeth Saab
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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9
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Kim M, Bezprozvanny I. Structure-Based Modeling of Sigma 1 Receptor Interactions with Ligands and Cholesterol and Implications for Its Biological Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12980. [PMID: 37629160 PMCID: PMC10455549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is a 223-amino-acid-long transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. The S1R plays an important role in neuronal health and it is an established therapeutic target for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance in physiology and disease, the biological function of S1R is poorly understood. To gain insight into the biological and signaling functions of S1R, we took advantage of recently reported crystal structures of human and Xenopus S1Rs and performed structural modeling of S1R interactions with ligands and cholesterol in the presence of the membrane. By combining bioinformatics analysis of S1R sequence and structural modelling approaches, we proposed a model that suggests that S1R may exist in two distinct conformations-"dynamic monomer" (DM) and "anchored monomer" (AM). We further propose that equilibrium between AM and DM conformations of S1R is essential for its biological function in cells, with AM conformation facilitating the oligomerization of S1R and DM conformation facilitating deoligomerization. Consistent with experimental evidence, our hypothesis predicts that increased levels of membrane cholesterol and S1R antagonists should promote the oligomeric state of S1R, but S1R agonists and pathogenic mutations should promote its deoligomerization. Obtained results provide mechanistic insights into signaling functions of S1R in cells, and the proposed model may help to explain neuroprotective effects of S1R modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meewhi Kim
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg State Polytechnical University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Abatematteo FS, Delre P, Mercurio I, Rezelj VV, Siliqi D, Beaucourt S, Lattanzi G, Colabufo NA, Leopoldo M, Saviano M, Vignuzzi M, Mangiatordi GF, Abate C. A conformational rearrangement of the SARS-CoV-2 host protein sigma-1 is required for antiviral activity: insights from a combined in-silico/in-vitro approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12798. [PMID: 37550340 PMCID: PMC10406941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective drugs to treat coronavirus infections remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Recent evidence reports on the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) as a key druggable host protein in the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 interactomes and shows a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 for the S1R antagonist PB28. To improve PB28 activity, we designed and tested a series of its analogues and identified a compound that is fourfold more potent against SARS-CoV-2 than PB28 itself. Interestingly, we found no direct correlation between S1R affinity and SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity. Building on this, we employed comparative induced fit docking and molecular dynamics simulations to gain insights into the possible mechanism that occurs when specific ligand-protein interactions take place and that may be responsible for the observed antiviral activity. Our findings offer a possible explanation for the experimental observations, provide insights into the S1R conformational changes upon ligand binding and lay the foundation for the rational design of new S1R ligands with potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and likely other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Serena Abatematteo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivan Mercurio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Antonio Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Veronica V Rezelj
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, UMR 3569, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Dritan Siliqi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephanie Beaucourt
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, UMR 3569, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gianluca Lattanzi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo-Trento, Italy
- TIFPA Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo-Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, UMR 3569, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos #05-13, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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11
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Li J, Satyshur KA, Guo LW, Ruoho AE. Sphingoid Bases Regulate the Sigma-1 Receptor-Sphingosine and N, N'-Dimethylsphingosine Are Endogenous Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3103. [PMID: 36834510 PMCID: PMC9962145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both bioactive sphingolipids and Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) chaperones occur ubiquitously in mammalian cell membranes. Endogenous compounds that regulate the S1R are important for controlling S1R responses to cellular stress. Herein, we interrogated the S1R in intact Retinal Pigment Epithelial cells (ARPE-19) with the bioactive sphingoid base, sphingosine (SPH), or the pain-provoking dimethylated SPH derivative, N,N'-dimethylsphingosine (DMS). As informed by a modified native gel approach, the basal and antagonist (BD-1047)-stabilized S1R oligomers dissociated to protomeric forms in the presence of SPH or DMS (PRE-084 as control). We, thus, posited that SPH and DMS are endogenous S1R agonists. Consistently, in silico docking of SPH and DMS to the S1R protomer showed strong associations with Asp126 and Glu172 in the cupin beta barrel and extensive van der Waals interactions of the C18 alkyl chains with the binding site including residues in helices 4 and 5. Mean docking free energies were 8.73-8.93 kcal/mol for SPH and 8.56-8.15 kcal/mol for DMS, and calculated binding constants were ~40 nM for SPH and ~120 nM for DMS. We hypothesize that SPH, DMS, and similar sphingoid bases access the S1R beta barrel via a membrane bilayer pathway. We further propose that the enzymatic control of ceramide concentrations in intracellular membranes as the primary sources of SPH dictates availability of endogenous SPH and DMS to the S1R and the subsequent control of S1R activity within the same cell and/or in cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Satyshur
- Small Molecule Screening Facility, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Arnold E. Ruoho
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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12
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Chaperone-Dependent Mechanisms as a Pharmacological Target for Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010823. [PMID: 36614266 PMCID: PMC9820882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern pharmacotherapy of neurodegenerative diseases is predominantly symptomatic and does not allow vicious circles causing disease development to break. Protein misfolding is considered the most important pathogenetic factor of neurodegenerative diseases. Physiological mechanisms related to the function of chaperones, which contribute to the restoration of native conformation of functionally important proteins, evolved evolutionarily. These mechanisms can be considered promising for pharmacological regulation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Data on BiP and Sigma1R chaperones in clinical and experimental studies of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are presented. The possibility of neuroprotective effect dependent on Sigma1R ligand activation in these diseases is also demonstrated. The interaction between Sigma1R and BiP-associated signaling in the neuroprotection is discussed. The performed analysis suggests the feasibility of pharmacological regulation of chaperone function, possibility of ligand activation of Sigma1R in order to achieve a neuroprotective effect, and the need for further studies of the conjugation of cellular mechanisms controlled by Sigma1R and BiP chaperones.
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13
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Wang SM, Wu HE, Yasui Y, Geva M, Hayden M, Maurice T, Cozzolino M, Su TP. Nucleoporin POM121 signals TFEB-mediated autophagy via activation of SIGMAR1/sigma-1 receptor chaperone by pridopidine. Autophagy 2023; 19:126-151. [PMID: 35507432 PMCID: PMC9809944 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2063003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential process for cellular survival and is implicated in many diseases. A critical step in autophagy is the transport of the transcription factor TFEB from the cytosol into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore (NP) by KPNB1/importinβ1. In the C9orf72 subtype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ALS-FTD), the hexanucleotide (G4C2)RNA expansion (HRE) disrupts the nucleocytoplasmic transport of TFEB, compromising autophagy. Here we show that a molecular chaperone, the SIGMAR1/Sigma-1 receptor (sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1), facilitates TFEB transport into the nucleus by chaperoning the NP protein (i.e., nucleoporin) POM121 which recruits KPNB1. In NSC34 cells, HRE reduces TFEB transport by interfering with the association between SIGMAR1 and POM121, resulting in reduced nuclear levels of TFEB, KPNB1, and the autophagy marker LC3-II. Overexpression of SIGMAR1 or POM121, or treatment with the highly selective and potent SIGMAR1 agonist pridopidine, currently in phase 2/3 clinical trials for ALS and Huntington disease, rescues all of these deficits. Our results implicate nucleoporin POM121 not merely as a structural nucleoporin, but also as a chaperone-operated signaling molecule enabling TFEB-mediated autophagy. Our data suggest the use of SIGMAR1 agonists, such as pridopidine, for therapeutic development of diseases in which autophagy is impaired.Abbreviations: ALS-FTD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementiaC9ALS-FTD, C9orf72 subtype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementiaCS, citrate synthaseER, endoplasmic reticulumGSS, glutathione synthetaseHRE, hexanucleotide repeat expansionHSPA5/BiP, heat shock protein 5LAMP1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1MAM, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membraneMAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3NP, nuclear poreNSC34, mouse motor neuron-like hybrid cell lineNUPs, nucleoporinsPOM121, nuclear pore membrane protein 121SIGMAR1/Sigma-1R, sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1TFEB, transcription factor EBTMEM97/Sigma-2R, transmembrane protein 97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
- China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung city, 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, No.2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung city, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
| | - Yuko Yasui
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
| | - Michal Geva
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development Ltd, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Michael Hayden
- Prilenia Therapeutics Development Ltd, Herzliya, Israel
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, USA
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14
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Zhao K, Li Z, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Barreto GE, Liu R. Editorial: Novel therapeutic target and drug discovery for neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042266. [PMID: 36278216 PMCID: PMC9586450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Liu,
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15
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Wang YM, Xia CY, Jia HM, He J, Lian WW, Yan Y, Wang WP, Zhang WK, Xu JK. Sigma-1 receptor: A potential target for the development of antidepressants. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105390. [PMID: 35810915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Though a great many of studies on the development of antidepressants for the therapy of major depression disorder (MDD) and the development of antidepressants have been carried out, there still lacks an efficient approach in clinical practice. The involvement of Sigma-1 receptor in the pathological process of MDD has been verified. In this review, recent research focusing on the role of Sigma-1 receptor in the etiology of MDD were summarized. Preclinical studies and clinical trials have found that stress induce the variation of Sigma-1 receptor in the blood, brain and heart. Dysfunction and absence of Sigma-1 receptor result in depressive-like behaviors in rodent animals. Agonists of Sigma-1 receptor show not only antidepressant-like activities but also therapeutical effects in complications of depression. The mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of Sigma-1 receptor may include suppressing neuroinflammation, regulating neurotransmitters, ameliorating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor, and alleviating the endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria damage during stress. Therefore, Sigma-1 receptor represents a potential target for antidepressants development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Wang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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16
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Fallica AN, Ciaffaglione V, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Salerno L, Amata E, Marrazzo A, Romeo G, Intagliata S. Structure-activity relationships of mixed σ1R/σ2R ligands with antiproliferative and anticancer effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Kopanchuk S, Vavers E, Veiksina S, Ligi K, Zvejniece L, Dambrova M, Rinken A. Intracellular dynamics of the Sigma-1 receptor observed with super-resolution imaging microscopy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268563. [PMID: 35584184 PMCID: PMC9116656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related membrane protein, that forms heteromers with other cellular proteins. As the mechanism of action of this chaperone protein remains unclear, the aim of the present study was to detect and analyze the intracellular dynamics of Sig1R in live cells using super-resolution imaging microscopy. For that, the Sig1R-yellow fluorescent protein conjugate (Sig1R-YFP) together with fluorescent markers of cell organelles were transfected into human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3) cells with BacMam technology. Sig1R-YFP was found to be located mainly in the nuclear envelope and in both tubular and vesicular structures of the ER but was not detected in the plasma membrane, even after activation of Sig1R with agonists. The super-resolution radial fluctuations approach (SRRF) performed with a highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) fluorescence microscope indicated substantial overlap of Sig1R-YFP spots with KDEL-mRFP, slight overlap with pmKate2-mito and no overlap with the markers of endosomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes, or caveolae. Activation of Sig1R with (+)-pentazocine caused a time-dependent decrease in the overlap between Sig1R-YFP and KDEL-mRFP, indicating that the activation of Sig1R decreases its colocalization with the marker of vesicular ER and does not cause comprehensive translocations of Sig1R in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edijs Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Santa Veiksina
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Ligi
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ago Rinken
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
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18
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Meng F, Xiao Y, Ji Y, Sun Z, Zhou X. An open-like conformation of the sigma-1 receptor reveals its ligand entry pathway. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1267. [PMID: 35273182 PMCID: PMC8913746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is a non-opioid transmembrane receptor which has been implicated in many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. After more than forty years of research, substantial progress has been made in understanding this unique receptor, yet the molecular mechanism of its ligand entry pathway remains uncertain. Published structures of human σ1R reveal its homotrimeric organization of a cupin-fold β-barrel body that contains the ligand binding site, a carboxy-terminal V-shaped two-helix bundle, and a single amino-terminal transmembrane helix, while simulation studies have suggested a ligand entry pathway that is generated by conformational rearrangements of the cupin-fold domain. Here, we present multiple crystal structures, including an open-like conformation, of σ1R from Xenopus laevis. Together with functional binding analysis our data suggest that access to the σ1R ligand binding site is likely achieved by protein conformational changes that involve the carboxy-terminal two-helix bundle, rather than structural changes in the cupin-fold domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhui Meng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Rare Diseases Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Rare Diseases Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yujia Ji
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Rare Diseases Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ziyi Sun
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Rare Diseases Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Rare Diseases Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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19
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen L, Zheng MQ, Zhang J, Brust P, Deuther-Conrad W, Huang Y, Jia H. Synthesis and characterization of the two enantiomers of a chiral sigma-1 receptor radioligand: (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-[18F]FBFP. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Mitochondria Fusion upon SERCA Inhibition Prevents Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Monocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030433. [PMID: 35159243 PMCID: PMC8833979 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) is a crucial component of the cellular machinery responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis. The selective inhibition of SERCA by thapsigargin (TG) leads to perturbations in Ca2+ signaling, which can trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway is activated in response to ER stress and induces an adaptive response to preserve cell survival or committee cells to programmed death, depending on stress duration and/or level. Early stages of ER stress stimulate mitochondrial metabolism to preserve survival but under chronic ER stress conditions, mitochondrial dysfunction is induced, which, in turn, can enhance inflammation through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study was aimed at investigating the role of SERCA inhibition on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human monocytes, which was evaluated in primary monocytes isolated from healthy individuals and in the THP-1 human monocytic cell line. Findings obtained in both THP-1 and primary monocytes demonstrate that SERCA inhibition triggered by TG does not activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in these innate immune cells since IL-1β secretion was not affected. Results from THP-1 monocytes showing that SERCA inhibition increases mitochondrial Ca2+ content and fusion, in the absence of changes in ROS levels and membrane potential, support the view that human monocytes counteract ER stress that arises from inhibition of SERCA through modulation of mitochondrial morphology towards mitochondria fusion, thus preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Overall, this work contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that modulate the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to sterile inflammation, which are still poorly understood.
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21
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Abatematteo FS, Mosier PD, Niso M, Brunetti L, Berardi F, Loiodice F, Contino M, Delprat B, Maurice T, Laghezza A, Abate C. Development of novel phenoxyalkylpiperidines as high-affinity Sigma-1 (σ 1) receptor ligands with potent anti-amnesic effect. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114038. [PMID: 34902734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor plays a significant role in many normal physiological functions and pathological disease states, and as such represents an attractive therapeutic target for both agonists and antagonists. Here, we describe a novel series of phenoxyalkylpiperidines based on the lead compound 1-[ω-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]-4-methylpiperidine (1a) in which the degree of methylation at the carbon atoms alpha to the piperidine nitrogen was systematically varied. The affinity at σ1 and σ2 receptors and at Δ8-Δ7 sterol isomerase (SI) ranged from subnanomolar to micromolar Ki values. While the highest-affinity was displayed at the σ1, the increase of the degree of methylation in the piperidine ring progressively decreased the affinity. The subnanomolar affinity 1a and 1-[ω-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-4-methylpiperidine (1b) displayed potent anti-amnesic effects associated with σ1 receptor agonism, in two memory tests. Automated receptor-small-molecule ligand docking provided a molecular structure-based rationale for the agonistic effects of 1a and 1b. Overall, the class of the phenoxyalkylpiperidines holds potential for the development of high affinity σ1 receptor agonists, and compound 1a, that appears as the best in class (exceeding by far the activity of the reference compound PRE-084) deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca S Abatematteo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Philip D Mosier
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Benjamin Delprat
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, ALDO MORO, Via Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy.
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22
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Sałaciak K, Pytka K. Revisiting the sigma-1 receptor as a biological target to treat affective and cognitive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:1114-1136. [PMID: 34736882 PMCID: PMC8559442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression and cognitive disorders are diseases with complex and not-fully understood etiology. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically increased the prevalence of both conditions. Since the current treatments are inadequate in many patients, there is a constant need for discovering new compounds, which will be more effective in ameliorating depressive symptoms and treating cognitive decline. Proteins attracting much attention as potential targets for drugs treating these conditions are sigma-1 receptors. Sigma-1 receptors are multi-functional proteins localized in endoplasmic reticulum membranes, which play a crucial role in cellular signal transduction by interacting with receptors, ion channels, lipids, and kinases. Changes in their functions and expression may lead to various diseases, including depression or memory impairments. Thus, sigma-1 receptor modulation might be useful in treating these central nervous system diseases. Importantly, two sigma-1 receptor ligands entered clinical trials, showing that this compound group possesses therapeutic potential. Therefore, based on preclinical studies, this review discusses whether the sigma-1 receptor could be a promising target for drugs treating affective and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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23
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Sharma N, Patel C, Shenkman M, Kessel A, Ben-Tal N, Lederkremer GZ. The Sigma-1 receptor is an ER-localized type II membrane protein. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101299. [PMID: 34648767 PMCID: PMC8561001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a transmembrane protein with important roles in cellular homeostasis in normal physiology and in disease. Especially in neurodegenerative diseases, S1R activation has been shown to provide neuroprotection by modulating calcium signaling, mitochondrial function and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. S1R missense mutations are one of the causes of the neurodegenerative Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and distal hereditary motor neuronopathies. Although the S1R has been studied intensively, basic aspects remain controversial, such as S1R topology and whether it reaches the plasma membrane. To address these questions, we have undertaken several approaches. C-terminal tagging with a small biotin-acceptor peptide and BirA biotinylation in cells suggested a type II membrane orientation (cytosolic N-terminus). However, N-terminal tagging gave an equal probability for both possible orientations. This might explain conflicting reports in the literature, as tags may affect the protein topology. Therefore, we studied untagged S1R using a protease protection assay and a glycosylation mapping approach, introducing N-glycosylation sites. Both methods provided unambiguous results showing that the S1R is a type II membrane protein with a short cytosolic N-terminal tail. Assessments of glycan processing, surface fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and cell surface biotinylation indicated ER retention, with insignificant exit to the plasma membrane, in the absence or presence of S1R agonists or of ER stress. These findings may have important implications for S1R-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sharma
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chaitanya Patel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Shenkman
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Kessel
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Tal
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gerardo Z Lederkremer
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Cell Biology Division, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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24
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Dvorácskó S, Lázár L, Fülöp F, Palkó M, Zalán Z, Penke B, Fülöp L, Tömböly C, Bogár F. Novel High Affinity Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands from Minimal Ensemble Docking-Based Virtual Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8112. [PMID: 34360878 PMCID: PMC8347176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is an intracellular, multi-functional, ligand operated protein that also acts as a chaperone. It is considered as a pluripotent drug target in several pathologies. The publication of agonist and antagonist bound receptor structures has paved the way for receptor-based in silico drug design. However, recent studies on this subject payed no attention to the structural differences of agonist and antagonist binding. In this work, we have developed a new ensemble docking-based virtual screening protocol utilizing both agonist and antagonist bound S1R structures. This protocol was used to screen our in-house compound library. The S1R binding affinities of the 40 highest ranked compounds were measured in competitive radioligand binding assays and the sigma-2 receptor (S2R) affinities of the best S1R binders were also determined. This way three novel high affinity S1R ligands were identified and one of them exhibited a notable S1R/S2R selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.D.); (C.T.)
| | - László Lázár
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.L.); (F.F.); (M.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.L.); (F.F.); (M.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.L.); (F.F.); (M.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zita Zalán
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (L.L.); (F.F.); (M.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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25
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Abatematteo FS, Niso M, Lacivita E, Abate C. σ 2 Receptor and Its Role in Cancer with Focus on a MultiTarget Directed Ligand (MTDL) Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:3743. [PMID: 34205334 PMCID: PMC8235595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-2 (σ2) is an endoplasmic receptor identified as the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein TMEM97. Despite its controversial identity, which was only recently solved, this protein has gained scientific interest because of its role in the proliferative status of cells; many tumor cells from different organs overexpress the σ2 receptor, and many σ2 ligands display cytotoxic actions in (resistant) cancer cells. These properties have shed light on the σ2 receptor as a potential druggable target to be bound/activated for the diagnosis or therapy of tumors. Additionally, diverse groups have shown how the σ2 receptor can be exploited for the targeted delivery of the anticancer drugs to tumors. As the cancer disease is a multifactorial pathology with multiple cell populations, a polypharmacological approach is very often needed. Instead of the simultaneous administration of different classes of drugs, the use of one molecule that interacts with diverse pharmacological targets, namely MultiTarget Directed Ligand (MTDL), is a promising and currently pursued strategy, that may overcome the pharmacokinetic problems associated with the administration of multiple molecules. This review aims to point out the progress regarding the σ2 ligands in the oncology field, with a focus on MTDLs directed towards σ2 receptors as promising weapons against (resistant) cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.A.); (M.N.); (E.L.)
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26
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Abatematteo FS, Niso M, Contino M, Leopoldo M, Abate C. Multi-Target Directed Ligands (MTDLs) Binding the σ 1 Receptor as Promising Therapeutics: State of the Art and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6359. [PMID: 34198620 PMCID: PMC8232171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor is a 'pluripotent chaperone' protein mainly expressed at the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum membrane interfaces where it interacts with several client proteins. This feature renders the σ1 receptor an ideal target for the development of multifunctional ligands, whose benefits are now recognized because several pathologies are multifactorial. Indeed, the current therapeutic regimens are based on the administration of different classes of drugs in order to counteract the diverse unbalanced physiological pathways associated with the pathology. Thus, the multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) approach, with one molecule that exerts poly-pharmacological actions, may be a winning strategy that overcomes the pharmacokinetic issues linked to the administration of diverse drugs. This review aims to point out the progress in the development of MTDLs directed toward σ1 receptors for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and cancer diseases, with a focus on the perspectives that are proper for this strategy. The evidence that some drugs in clinical use unintentionally bind the σ1 protein (as off-target) provides a proof of concept of the potential of this strategy, and it strongly supports the promise that the σ1 receptor holds as a target to be hit in the context of MTDLs for the therapy of multifactorial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.A.); (M.N.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
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27
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Xu L, Chen LY. Association of sigma-1 receptor with dopamine transporter attenuates the binding of methamphetamine via distinct helix-helix interactions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:1194-1209. [PMID: 33754484 PMCID: PMC8113090 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) and sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) are potential therapeutic targets to reduce the psychostimulant effects induced by methamphetamine (METH). Interaction of σ1R with DAT could modulate the binding of METH, but the molecular basis of the association of the two transmembrane proteins and how their interactions mediate the binding of METH to DAT or σ1R remain unclear. Here, we characterize the protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions at a molecular level by various theoretical approaches. The present results show that METH adopts a different binding pose in the binding pocket of σ1R and is more likely to act as an agonist. The relatively lower binding affinity of METH to σ1R supports the role of antagonists as inhibitors that protect against METH-induced effects. We demonstrate that σ1R could bind to Drosophila melanogaster DAT (dDAT) through interactions with either the transmembrane helix α12 or α5 of dDAT. Our results showed that the truncated σ1R displays stronger association with dDAT than the full-length σ1R. Although different helix-helix interactions between σ1R and dDAT lead to distinct effects on the dynamics of individual protein, both associations attenuate the binding affinity of METH to dDAT, particularly in the interactions with the helix α5 of dDAT. Together, the present study provides the first computational investigation on the molecular mechanism of coupling METH binding and the association of σ1R with dDAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Liao Y Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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28
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Ma WH, Chen AF, Xie XY, Huang YS. Sigma ligands as potent inhibitors of Aβ and AβOs in neurons and promising therapeutic agents of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 190:108342. [PMID: 33045243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease and characterized by dementia, memory decline, loss of learning and cognitive disorder. The main pathological features of AD are the deposition of amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. The current anti-AD drugs have shown unsatisfactory therapeutic results. Due to the complications and unclear pathogenesis, AD is still irreversible and incurable. Among several hypotheses proposed by the academic community, the amyloid cascade is widely recognized by scholars and supported by a large amount of evidences. However, controversy over pathogenic factors has also been ongoing. Increasing evidence has shown that amyloid-β (Aβ) and especially amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) are highly neurotoxic and pathogenic agents that damage neurons, mediate various receptors in the downstream pathways, and ultimately lead to learning and cognitive dysfunction. However, efforts in developing inhibitors of Aβ or amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) have all failed to yield good clinical results. More recently, it has been demonstrated that sigma receptors, including sigma-1 and sigma-2 subtypes, may play critical roles in the regulation of binding and metabolism of AβOs in neuron cells and the pathophysiology of AD. Thus, sigma receptor ligands are being recognized as promising therapeutic agents for treating or ameliorating AD. This article will review the pathophysiology of AD and highlight the sigma ligands that display the capability of preventing or even reversing Aβ- and AβOs-induced neurotoxicity and blocking the signal transduction caused by AβOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory for Drug Design & Formulation, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ai-Fang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory for Drug Design & Formulation, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory for Drug Design & Formulation, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory for Drug Design & Formulation, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
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29
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Zhemkov V, Ditlev JA, Lee WR, Wilson M, Liou J, Rosen MK, Bezprozvanny I. The role of sigma 1 receptor in organization of endoplasmic reticulum signaling microdomains. eLife 2021; 10:e65192. [PMID: 33973848 PMCID: PMC8112866 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is a 223-amino-acid-long transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. S1R modulates activity of multiple effector proteins and is a well-established drug target. However, signaling functions of S1R in cells are poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that biological activity of S1R in cells can be explained by its ability to interact with cholesterol and to form cholesterol-enriched microdomains in the ER membrane. By performing experiments in reduced reconstitution systems, we demonstrate direct effects of cholesterol on S1R clustering. We identify a novel cholesterol-binding motif in the transmembrane region of human S1R. Mutations of this motif impair association of recombinant S1R with cholesterol beads, affect S1R clustering in vitro and disrupt S1R subcellular localization. We demonstrate that S1R-induced membrane microdomains have increased local membrane thickness and that increased local cholesterol concentration and/or membrane thickness in these microdomains can modulate signaling of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α in the ER. Further, S1R agonists cause disruption of S1R clusters, suggesting that biological activity of S1R agonists is linked to remodeling of ER membrane microdomains. Our results provide novel insights into S1R-mediated signaling mechanisms in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zhemkov
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Jonathon A Ditlev
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Wan-Ru Lee
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Mikaela Wilson
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDallasUnited States
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic UniversitySt. PetersburgRussian Federation
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30
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Pontisso I, Combettes L. Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Calcium Modulation: Possible Involvement in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:139. [PMID: 33499031 PMCID: PMC7911422 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a pivotal role in the control of cellular homeostasis and aberrant regulation of Ca2+ fluxes have a strong impact on cellular functioning. As a consequence of this ubiquitous role, Ca2+ signaling dysregulation is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer. Indeed, multiple studies have highlighted the role of Ca2+ fluxes in all the steps of cancer progression. In particular, the transfer of Ca2+ at the ER-mitochondrial contact sites, also known as mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), has been shown to be crucial for cancer cell survival. One of the proteins enriched at this site is the sigma-1 receptor (S1R), a protein that has been described as a Ca2+-sensitive chaperone that exerts a protective function in cells in various ways, including the modulation of Ca2+ signaling. Interestingly, S1R is overexpressed in many types of cancer even though the exact mechanisms by which it promotes cell survival are not fully elucidated. This review summarizes the findings describing the roles of S1R in the control of Ca2+ signaling and its involvement in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pontisso
- UMR 1282, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France;
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Combettes
- UMR 1282, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France;
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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31
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Shinoda Y, Haga Y, Akagawa K, Fukunaga K. Wildtype σ1 receptor and the receptor agonist improve ALS-associated mutation-induced insolubility and toxicity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17573-17587. [PMID: 33453999 PMCID: PMC7762949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations related to ALS, a progressive neurological disease, have been discovered in the gene encoding σ-1 receptor (σ1R). We previously reported that σ1RE102Q elicits toxicity in cells. The σ1R forms oligomeric states that are regulated by ligands. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of ALS-related mutations on oligomer formation. Here, we transfected NSC-34 cells, a motor neuronal cell line, and HEK293T cells with σ1R-mCherry (mCh), σ1RE102Q-mCh, or nontagged forms to investigate detergent solubility and subcellular distribution using immunocytochemistry and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The oligomeric state was determined using crosslinking procedure. σ1Rs were soluble to detergents, whereas the mutants accumulated in the insoluble fraction. Within the soluble fraction, peak distribution of mutants appeared in higher sucrose density fractions. Mutants formed intracellular aggregates that were co-stained with p62, ubiquitin, and phosphorylated pancreatic eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2-α kinase in NSC-34 cells but not in HEK293T cells. The aggregates had significantly lower recovery in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Acute treatment with σ1R agonist SA4503 failed to improve recovery, whereas prolonged treatment for 48 h significantly decreased σ1RE102Q-mCh insolubility and inhibited apoptosis. Whereas σ1R-mCh formed monomers and dimers, σ1RE102Q-mCh also formed trimers and tetramers. SA4503 reduced accumulation of the four types in the insoluble fraction and increased monomers in the soluble fraction. The σ1RE102Q insolubility was diminished by σ1R-mCh co-expression. These results suggest that the agonist and WT σ1R modify the detergent insolubility, toxicity, and oligomeric state of σ1RE102Q, which may lead to promising new treatments for σ1R-related ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yudai Haga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichiro Akagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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32
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Giancola JB, Bonifazi A, Cao J, Ku T, Haraczy AJ, Lam J, Rais R, Coggiano MA, Tanda G, Newman AH. Structure-activity relationships for a series of (Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinylethyl-aminopiperidines and -piperidine amines at the dopamine transporter: Bioisosteric replacement of the piperazine improves metabolic stability. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112674. [PMID: 32947229 PMCID: PMC7680422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts to develop medications to treat psychostimulant use disorders, none have proven effective, leaving an underserved patient population and unanswered questions as to what mechanism(s) of action should be targeted for developing pharmacotherapies. Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors, based on (±)modafinil, have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models of psychostimulant abuse. However, metabolic instability among other limitations to piperazine analogues 1-3 have impeded further development. Herein, bioisosteric substitutions of the piperazine ring were explored with a series of aminopiperidines (A) and piperidine amines (B) wherein compounds with either a terminal tertiary amine or amide were synthesized. Several lead compounds showed high to moderate DAT affinities and metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes. Aminopiperidines 7 (DAT Ki = 50.6 nM), 21b (DAT Ki = 77.2 nM) and 33 (DAT Ki = 30.0 nM) produced only minimal stimulation of ambulatory activity in mice, compared to cocaine, suggesting an atypical DAT inhibitor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoLynn B Giancola
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Therese Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Alexandra J Haraczy
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Mark A Coggiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States.
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33
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Fluorinated 2-Arylcyclopropan-1-amines - A new class of sigma receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115726. [PMID: 33007549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stereoisomeric 2-aryl-2-fluoro-cyclopropan-1-amines have been discovered as a new class of σ receptor ligands showing different selectivity for the two subtypes of the receptor. Generally, compounds substituted in 4-position are much more active than corresponding 3-substituted isomers. trans-2-Fluoro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropan-1-amine (19a) was the most potent (Ki = 4.8 nM) σ1 receptor ligand, while cis-2-fluoro-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)cyclopropan-1-amine (20b) was the most potent (Ki = 95 nM) σ2 receptor ligand.
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34
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Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Botticelli L, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Pavletić P, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Bonifazi A, Schepmann D, Wünsch B, Vistoli G, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV. Novel Highly Potent and Selective Sigma1 Receptor Antagonists Effectively Block the Binge Eating Episode in Female Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3107-3116. [PMID: 32886484 PMCID: PMC8011929 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
In
this paper, the benzo-cracking approach was applied to the potent
sigma1 (σ1) receptor antagonist 1 to
afford the less conformationally constrained 1,3-dioxane derivatives 2 and 3. To evaluate the effect of the increase
in the distance between the two hydrophobic structural elements that
flank the basic function, the cis and trans diastereomers of 4 and 5 were also prepared
and studied. Compounds 2 and 3 showed affinity
values at the σ1 receptor significantly higher than
that of the lead compound 1. In particular, 3 displayed unprecedented selectivity over the σ2 receptor, the phencyclidine site of the NMDA receptor, and opioid
receptor subtypes, as well as over the dopamine transporter. Docking
results supported the structure–activity relationship studies.
Due to its interesting biological profile, derivative 3, selected for an in vivo study in a validated preclinical
model of binge eating, was able to counteract the overeating of palatable
food only in binging rats, without affecting palatable food intake
in the control group and anxiety-like and depression-related behaviors
in female rats. This result strengthened the involvement of the σ1 receptor in the compulsive-like eating behavior and supported
the σ1 receptor as a promising target for the management
of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Pegi Pavletić
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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35
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Greenfield DA, Schmidt HR, Skiba MA, Mandler MD, Anderson JR, Sliz P, Kruse AC. Virtual Screening for Ligand Discovery at the σ 1 Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1555-1561. [PMID: 32832023 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The σ1 receptor is a transmembrane protein implicated in several pathophysiological conditions, including neurodegenerative disease (J. Pharmacol. Sci.2015127 (1), 1729), drug addiction (Behav. Pharmacol.201627 (2-3 Spec Issue), 10015), cancer (Handb. Exp. Pharmacol.2017244237308), and pain (Neural Regener. Res.201813 (5), 775778). However, there are no high-throughput functional assays for σ1 receptor drug discovery. Here, we assessed high-throughput structure-based computational docking for discovery of novel ligands of the σ1 receptor. We screened a library of over 6 million compounds using the Schrödinger Glide package, followed by experimental characterization of top-scoring candidates. 77% of tested candidates bound σ1 with high affinity (KD < 1 μM). These include compounds with high selectivity for the σ1 receptor compared to the genetically unrelated but pharmacologically similar σ2 receptor, as well as compounds with substantial crossreactivity between the two receptors. These results establish structure-based virtual screening as a highly effective platform for σ1 receptor ligand discovery and provide compounds to prioritize in studies of σ1 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Greenfield
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hayden R. Schmidt
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Meredith A. Skiba
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael D. Mandler
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jacob R. Anderson
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Piotr Sliz
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrew C. Kruse
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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36
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Hong WC. Distinct Regulation of σ 1 Receptor Multimerization by Its Agonists and Antagonists in Transfected Cells and Rat Liver Membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:290-301. [PMID: 32060048 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that the σ 1 receptor (σ 1R) interacts with and modulates the activity of multiple proteins with important biological functions. Recent crystal structures of σ 1R as a homotrimer differ from a dimer-tetramer model postulated earlier. It remains inconclusive whether ligand binding regulates σ 1R oligomerization. Here, novel nondenaturing gel methods and mutational analysis were used to examine σ 1R oligomerization. In transfected cells, σ 1R exhibited as multimers, dimers, and monomers. Overall, σ 1R agonists decreased, whereas σ 1R antagonists increased σ 1R multimers, suggesting that agonists and antagonists differentially affect the stability of σ 1R multimers. Endogenous σ 1R in rat liver membranes also showed similar regulation of oligomerization as in cells. Mutations at key residues lining the trimerization interface (Arg119, Asp195, Phe191, Trp136, and Gly91) abolished multimerization without disrupting dimerization. Intriguingly, truncation of the N terminus reduced σ 1R to apparent monomer. These results demonstrate that multiple domains play crucial roles in coordinating high-order quaternary organization of σ 1R. The E102Q σ 1R mutant implicated in juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis formed dimers only, suggesting that dysregulation of σ 1R multimeric assembly may impair its function. Interestingly, oligomerization of σ 1R was pH-dependent and correlated with changes in [3H](+)-pentazocine binding affinity and Bmax Combined with mutational analysis, it is reasoned that σ 1R multimers possess high-affinity and high-capacity [3H](+)-pentazocine binding, whereas monomers likely lack binding. These results suggest that σ 1R may exist in interconvertible oligomeric states in a dynamic equilibrium. Further exploration of ligand-regulated σ 1R multimerization may provide novel approaches to modulate the function of σ 1R and its interacting proteins. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The σ 1 receptor (σ 1R) modulates the activities of various partner proteins. Recently, crystal structures of σ 1R were elucidated as homotrimers. This study used novel nondenaturing gel methods to examine σ1R oligomerization in transfected cells and rat liver membranes. Overall, agonist binding decreased, whereas antagonist binding increased σ 1R multimers, which comprised trimers and larger units. σ 1R multimers were shown to bind [3H](+)-pentazocine with high affinity and high capacity. Furthermore, mutational analysis revealed a crucial role of its N-terminal domain in σ 1R multimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Conrad Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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37
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Abramyan AM, Yano H, Xu M, Liu L, Naing S, Fant AD, Shi L. The Glu102 mutation disrupts higher-order oligomerization of the sigma 1 receptor. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:199-206. [PMID: 32055286 PMCID: PMC7005341 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) is a unique endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. Its ligands have been shown to possess therapeutic potential for neurological and substance use disorders among others. The E102Q mutation of σ1R has been found to elicit familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite reports of its downstream signaling consequences, the mechanistic details of the functional impact of E102Q at molecular level are not clear. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism of the E102Q mutation with a spectrum of biochemical, biophysical, and pharmacological approaches. Our analysis of the interaction network of σ1R indicates that a set of residues near E102 is critical for the integrity of C-terminal ligand-binding domain. However, this integrity is not affected by the E102Q and E102A mutations, which is confirmed by the radioligand binding results. Instead, the E102 mutations disrupt the connection between the C-terminal domain and the N-terminal transmembrane helix (NT-helix). Results from bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and western blot assays demonstrate that these mutations destabilize higher-order σ1R oligomers, while our molecular dynamics simulations based on a σ1R crystal structure reveal a potential mechanism by which the mutations perturb the NT-helix dynamics. Thus, we propose that E102 is at a critical position in propagating the effects of ligand binding from the C-terminal domain to the NT-helix, while the latter may be involved in forming alternative oligomer interfaces, separate from the previously reported trimer interface. Together, these results provide the first account of the molecular mechanism of σ1R dysfunction caused by E102Q.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Shi
- Corresponding author at: Triad Technology Center, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1121, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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38
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Yano H, Liu L, Naing S, Shi L. The Effects of Terminal Tagging on Homomeric Interactions of the Sigma 1 Receptor. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1356. [PMID: 31920515 PMCID: PMC6930887 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) has been implicated in cancers, neurological disorders, and substance use disorders. Yet, its molecular and cellular functions have not been well-understood. Recent crystal structures of σ1R reveal a single N-terminal transmembrane segment and C-terminal ligand-binding domain, and a trimeric organization. Nevertheless, outstanding issues surrounding the functional or pharmacological relevance of σ1R oligomerization remain, such as the minimal protomeric unit and the differentially altered oligomerization states by different classes of ligands. Western blot (WB) assays have been widely used to investigate protein oligomerizations. However, the unique topology of σ1R renders several intertwined challenges in WB. Here we describe a WB protocol without temperature denaturization to study the ligand binding effects on the oligomerization state of σ1R. Using this approach, we observed unexpected ladder-like incremental migration pattern of σ1R, demonstrating preserved homomeric interactions in the detergent environment. We compared the migration patterns of intact σ1R construct and the C-terminally tagged σ1R constructs, and found similar trends in response to drug treatments. In contrast, N-terminally tagged σ1R constructs show opposite trends to that of the intact construct, suggesting distorted elicitation of the ligand binding effects on oligomerization. Together, our findings indicate that the N-terminus plays an important role in eliciting the impacts of bound ligands, whereas the C-terminus is amenable for modifications for biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yano
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leanne Liu
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sett Naing
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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39
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Oyer HM, Sanders CM, Kim FJ. Small-Molecule Modulators of Sigma1 and Sigma2/TMEM97 in the Context of Cancer: Foundational Concepts and Emerging Themes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1141. [PMID: 31695608 PMCID: PMC6816035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two known subtypes of the so-called sigma receptors, Sigma1 and Sigma2. Sigma1 (encoded by the SIGMAR1 gene and also known as Sigma-1 receptor, S1R) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein that allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins. Sigma2, recently identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), is an integral membrane protein implicated in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. A number of publications over the past two decades have suggested a role for both sigma proteins in tumor biology. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1 or Sigma2/TMEM97, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of small-molecule compounds with affinity for these proteins, putative sigma ligands, as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, these compounds have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and migration; furthermore, they have been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to exert immunomodulatory properties. Here, we will address the known knowns and the known unknowns of Sigma1 and Sigma2/TMEM97 ligand actions in the context of cancer. This review will highlight key discoveries and published evidence in support of a role for sigma proteins in cancer and will discuss several fundamental questions regarding the physiological roles of sigma proteins in cancer and sigma ligand mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley M Oyer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christina M Sanders
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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40
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Schmidt HR, Kruse AC. The Molecular Function of σ Receptors: Past, Present, and Future. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:636-654. [PMID: 31387763 PMCID: PMC6748033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The σ1 and σ2 receptors are enigmatic proteins that have attracted attention for decades due to the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of their ligands. However, despite ongoing clinical trials with σ receptor ligands for multiple conditions, relatively little is known regarding the molecular function of these receptors. In this review, we revisit past research on σ receptors and discuss the interpretation of these data in light of recent developments. We provide a synthesis of emerging structural and genetic data on the σ1 receptor and discuss the recent cloning of the σ2 receptor. Finally, we discuss the major questions that remain in the study of σ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Schmidt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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41
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Ryskamp DA, Korban S, Zhemkov V, Kraskovskaya N, Bezprozvanny I. Neuronal Sigma-1 Receptors: Signaling Functions and Protective Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:862. [PMID: 31551669 PMCID: PMC6736580 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a multi-functional, ligand-operated protein situated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and changes in its function and/or expression have been associated with various neurological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's (AD) and Huntington's diseases (HD). S1R agonists are broadly neuroprotective and this is achieved through a diversity of S1R-mediated signaling functions that are generally pro-survival and anti-apoptotic; yet, relatively little is known regarding the exact mechanisms of receptor functioning at the molecular level. This review summarizes therapeutically relevant mechanisms by which S1R modulates neurophysiology and implements neuroprotective functions in neurodegenerative diseases. These mechanisms are diverse due to the fact that S1R can bind to and modulate a large range of client proteins, including many ion channels in both ER and plasma membranes. We summarize the effect of S1R on its interaction partners and consider some of the cell type- and disease-specific aspects of these actions. Besides direct protein interactions in the endoplasmic reticulum, S1R is likely to function at the cellular/interorganellar level by altering the activity of several plasmalemmal ion channels through control of trafficking, which may help to reduce excitotoxicity. Moreover, S1R is situated in lipid rafts where it binds cholesterol and regulates lipid and protein trafficking and calcium flux at the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) domain. This may have important implications for MAM stability and function in neurodegenerative diseases as well as cellular bioenergetics. We also summarize the structural and biochemical features of S1R proposed to underlie its activity. In conclusion, S1R is incredibly versatile in its ability to foster neuronal homeostasis in the context of several neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ryskamp
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Svetlana Korban
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zhemkov
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nina Kraskovskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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42
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Hayashi T. The Sigma-1 Receptor in Cellular Stress Signaling. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:733. [PMID: 31379486 PMCID: PMC6646578 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
After decades of research, the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R)’s structure, and molecular functions are being unveiled. Sig-1R is an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein which forms an oligomer and binds a variety of psychotropic drugs. It forms a complex with the ER chaperone BiP that controls specific signaling molecules’ stability and function at the ER to regulate Ca2+ signaling, bioenergetics, and ER stress. Sig-1R is highly enriched in ER subdomains that are physically linked to outer mitochondrial membranes, reflecting its role in regulating ER–mitochondria communications. Thus, Sig-1R ligands are expected to serve as novel neuroprotective agents which treat certain psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In this short review, the cell biological aspects of Sig-1R are discussed, with a particular focus on its role in fundamental ER functions.
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43
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Yang K, Wang C, Sun T. The Roles of Intracellular Chaperone Proteins, Sigma Receptors, in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:528. [PMID: 31178723 PMCID: PMC6537631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors, including Sigma-1 receptors and Sigma-2 receptors, are highly expressed in the CNS. They are intracellular chaperone proteins. Sigma-1 receptors localize mainly at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM). Upon stimulation, they translocate from MAM to plasma membrane (PM) and nucleus, where they interact with many proteins and ion channels. Sigma-1 receptor could interact with itself to form oligomers, its oligomerization states affect its ability to interact with client proteins including ion channels and BiP. Sigma-1 receptor shows high affinity for many unrelated and structurally diverse ligands, but the mechanism for this diverse drug receptor interaction remains unknown. Sigma-1 receptors also directly bind many proteins including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels. In recent years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of roles of the Sigma-1 receptors in normal and pathological conditions, but more studies are still required for the Sigma-2 receptors. The physiological roles of Sigma-1 receptors in the CNS are discussed. They can modulate the activity of many ion channels including voltage-dependent ion channels including Ca2+, Na+, K+ channels and NMDAR, thus affecting neuronal excitability and synaptic activity. They are also involved in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Moreover, the activation of Sigma receptors protects neurons from death via the modulation of ER stress, neuroinflammation, and Ca2+ homeostasis. Evidences about the involvement of Sigma-1 receptors in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are also presented, indicating Sigma-1 receptors might be promising targets for pharmacologically treating PD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changcai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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44
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Rehman M, Vodret S, Braga L, Guarnaccia C, Celsi F, Rossetti G, Martinelli V, Battini T, Long C, Vukusic K, Kocijan T, Collesi C, Ring N, Skoko N, Giacca M, Del Sal G, Confalonieri M, Raspa M, Marcello A, Myers MP, Crovella S, Carloni P, Zacchigna S. High-throughput screening discovers antifibrotic properties of haloperidol by hindering myofibroblast activation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123987. [PMID: 30996132 PMCID: PMC6538355 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of various diseases, with very limited therapeutic solutions. A key event in the fibrotic process is the expression of contractile proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) by fibroblasts, which become myofibroblasts. Here, we report the results of a high-throughput screening of a library of approved drugs that led to the discovery of haloperidol, a common antipsychotic drug, as a potent inhibitor of myofibroblast activation. We show that haloperidol exerts its antifibrotic effect on primary murine and human fibroblasts by binding to sigma receptor 1, independent from the canonical transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Its mechanism of action involves the modulation of intracellular calcium, with moderate induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress response, which in turn abrogates Notch1 signaling and the consequent expression of its targets, including αSMA. Importantly, haloperidol also reduced the fibrotic burden in 3 different animal models of lung, cardiac, and tumor-associated fibrosis, thus supporting the repurposing of this drug for the treatment of fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Corrado Guarnaccia
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo,” Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine, and
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Natasa Skoko
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine, and
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michael P. Myers
- Protein Networks Laboratories, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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45
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Lever JR, Fergason-Cantrell EA. Allosteric modulation of sigma receptors by BH3 mimetics ABT-737, ABT-263 (Navitoclax) and ABT-199 (Venetoclax). Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:87-100. [PMID: 30721730 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABT-737, ABT-263 (Navitoclax) and ABT-199 (Venetoclax) are under intensive preclinical and clinical investigation as treatments for hematologic and other malignancies. These small molecules mimic pro-death B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) Homology 3 (BH3) domain-only proteins. They also bear a structural resemblance to certain sigma (σ) receptor ligands. Moreover, the Bcl-2 and σ receptor protein families are both located primarily at the endoplasmic reticulum, mediate cell death and survival through protein-protein interactions, and physically associate. Accordingly, we examined the ability of the ABT series of BH3 mimetics to interact with σ receptors using radioligand-binding techniques. Negative allosteric modulation of [3H](+)-pentazocine, an agonist, binding to σ1 receptors in guinea pig brain membranes was observed for ABT-737, ABT-263 and ABT-199. Findings included reduction of specific binding to distinct plateaus in concentration-dependent fashion, significant slowing of radioligand dissociation kinetics, and decreases in radioligand affinity with no or modest changes in maximal receptor densities. Using a ternary complex model, dissociation constants (KX) for modulator binding to the σ1 receptor ranged from 1 to 2.5 μM, while negative cooperativity factors (α), representing the changes in affinity of ligand and modulator when bound as a ternary complex with the receptor, ranged from 0.15 to 0.42. These observations were extended and reinforced by studies using intact small cell (NCI-H69) and non-small cell (NCI-H23) lung cancer cells, and by using an antagonist σ1 receptor radioligand, E-N-1-(3'-[125I]iodoallyl)-N'-4-(3″,4″-dimethoxyphenethyl)piperazine, in mouse brain membranes. By contrast, exploratory studies indicate marked enhancement of the σ2 receptor binding of [3H]1,3-di-(o-tolyl)guanidine/(+)-pentazocine in NCI-H23 cells and guinea pig brain membranes. These findings raise intriguing questions regarding mechanism and potential functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Emily A Fergason-Cantrell
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Brailoiu E, Chakraborty S, Brailoiu GC, Zhao P, Barr JL, Ilies MA, Unterwald EM, Abood ME, Taylor CW. Choline Is an Intracellular Messenger Linking Extracellular Stimuli to IP 3-Evoked Ca 2+ Signals through Sigma-1 Receptors. Cell Rep 2019; 26:330-337.e4. [PMID: 30625315 PMCID: PMC6326163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are integral ER membrane proteins. They bind diverse ligands, including psychoactive drugs, and regulate many signaling proteins, including the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) that release Ca2+ from the ER. The endogenous ligands of Sig-1Rs are unknown. Phospholipase D (PLD) cleaves phosphatidylcholine to choline and phosphatidic acid (PA), with PA assumed to mediate all downstream signaling. We show that choline is also an intracellular messenger. Choline binds to Sig-1Rs, it mimics other Sig-1R agonists by potentiating Ca2+ signals evoked by IP3Rs, and it is deactivated by metabolism. Receptors, by stimulating PLC and PLD, deliver two signals to IP3Rs: IP3 activates IP3Rs, and choline potentiates their activity through Sig-1Rs. Choline is also produced at synapses by degradation of acetylcholine. Choline uptake by transporters activates Sig-1Rs and potentiates Ca2+ signals. We conclude that choline is an endogenous agonist of Sig-1Rs linking extracellular stimuli, and perhaps synaptic activity, to Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | | | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Barr
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marc A Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
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Schmidt HR, Betz RM, Dror RO, Kruse AC. Structural basis for σ 1 receptor ligand recognition. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:981-987. [PMID: 30291362 PMCID: PMC6261271 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The σ1 receptor is a poorly understood membrane protein expressed throughout the human body. Ligands targeting the σ1 receptor are in clinical trials for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, and neuropathic pain. However, relatively little is known regarding the σ1 receptor's molecular function. Here, we present crystal structures of human σ1 receptor bound to the antagonists haloperidol and NE-100, and the agonist (+)-pentazocine, at crystallographic resolutions of 3.1 Å, 2.9 Å, and 3.1 Å, respectively. These structures reveal a unique binding pose for the agonist. The structures and accompanying molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identify agonist-induced structural rearrangements in the receptor. Additionally, we show that ligand binding to σ1 is a multistep process that is rate limited by receptor conformational change. We used MD simulations to reconstruct a ligand binding pathway involving two major conformational changes. These data provide a framework for understanding the molecular basis for σ1 agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Schmidt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin M Betz
- Biophysics Program, Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Biophysics Program, Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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