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Wang R, Jin Z, Zhen Q, Qi L, Liu C, Wang P, Liu Y, Fang J, Liu Y, Su Y, Wang Y, Meng D, Yan H, Zhen Y, Li Z, Fang B. Hyperglycemia affects axial signs in patients with Parkinson's disease through mechanisms of insulin resistance or non-insulin resistance. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2011-2019. [PMID: 38146011 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of hyperglycemia on motor symptoms, especially axial signs, and potential mechanisms related to insulin resistance (IR) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PWP). METHODS According to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, PWP were divided into the low-HbA1c and the high-HbA1c groups. Demographic information, glucose metabolism-related variables, Hoehn-Yahr stage, and motor function were compared between the two groups. Correlations between levels of HbA1c and the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR and motor function in PWP were further analyzed. RESULTS HbA1c level was significantly and positively correlated with the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III score, axial signs subscore, the Timed Get Up and Go test time, the center of pressure displacement of standing with eyes open and closed, and significantly and negatively correlated with the 10-m walk test comfortable gait speed. HOMA-IR level was significantly and negatively correlated with 10-m walk test comfortable gait speed, but not with others. CONCLUSIONS PWP with high HbA1c showed worse axial symptoms, including dysfunction of automatic walking, dynamic balance, and postural control than those with low HbA1c. In PWP, the effects of hyperglycemia on automatic walking speed may be associated with the IR-related mechanisms, and the effects on dynamic balance and postural control may be related to mechanisms other than IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidan Wang
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Qiaoxia Zhen
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Jinping Fang
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Detao Meng
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Hongjiao Yan
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yi Zhen
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Boyan Fang
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China.
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2
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Otsuka H, Sasaki-Hamada S, Ishibashi H, Oka JI. Hippocampal acetylcholine receptor activation-dependent long-term depression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurosci Lett 2024; 822:137650. [PMID: 38253285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus correlates with memory formation. In a well-established animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus, obtained by injecting young adult rats with streptozotocin (STZ), reductions have been reported in the expression of acetylcholine receptors and choline acetyltransferase. In this study, we showed that long-term synaptic depression (LTD) induced by carbachol (CCh), a nonselective cholinergic receptor agonist, at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in hippocampal slices was significantly weaker in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats) than in age-matched control rats. No significant change was observed in the paired-pulse ratio between before and 80 min after the application of CCh in control and STZ rats. Moreover, CCh-induced LTD in control and STZ rats was not affected by an NMDA receptor antagonist. Although the application of CCh down-regulated the surface expression of GluA2 in the hippocampus of control rats, but not STZ rats. Therefore, the present results suggest that acetylcholine receptor-mediated LTD in STZ rats requires the internalization of AMPA receptors on the postsynaptic surface and their intracellular effects in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayuma Otsuka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sachie Sasaki-Hamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Ishibashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Oka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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3
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Palazzo E, Marabese I, Boccella S, Belardo C, Pierretti G, Maione S. Affective and Cognitive Impairments in Rodent Models of Diabetes. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1327-1343. [PMID: 38279738 PMCID: PMC11092917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240124164804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and related acute and long-term complications have a profound impact on cognitive, emotional, and social behavior, suggesting that the central nervous system (CNS) is a crucial substrate for diabetic complications. When anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits occur in diabetic patients, the symptoms and complications related to the disease worsen, contributing to lower quality of life while increasing health care costs and mortality. Experimental models of diabetes in rodents are a fundamental and valuable tool for improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the close and reciprocal link between diabetes and CNS alterations, including the development of affective and cognitive disorders. Such models must reproduce the different components of this pathological condition in humans and, therefore, must be associated with affective and cognitive behavioral alterations. Beyond tight glycemic control, there are currently no specific therapies for neuropsychiatric comorbidities associated with diabetes; animal models are, therefore, essential for the development of adequate therapies. To our knowledge, there is currently no review article that summarizes changes in affective and cognitive behavior in the most common models of diabetes in rodents. Therefore, in this review, we have reported the main evidence on the alterations of affective and cognitive behavior in the different models of diabetes in rodents, the main mechanisms underlying these comorbidities, and the applicable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pierretti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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4
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Bagheri J, Fallahnezhad S, Alipour N, Babaloo H, Tahmasebi F, Kheradmand H, Sazegar G, Haghir H. Maternal diabetes decreases the expression of GABA Aα1, GABA B1, and mGlu2 receptors in the visual cortex of male rat neonates. Neurosci Lett 2023; 809:137309. [PMID: 37230455 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study examines the impact of maternal diabetes on the expression of GABAB1, GABAAα1, and mGlu2 receptors in the primary visual cortex layers of male rat newborns. MAIN METHODS In diabetic group (Dia), diabetes was induced in adult female rats using an intraperitoneal dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) 65 (mg/kg). Diabetes was managed by daily subcutaneous injection of NPH insulin in insulin-treated diabetic group (Ins). Control group (Con) received normal saline intraperitoneally rather than STZ. Male offspring born to each group of female rats were euthanized via CO2 inhalation at P0, P7, and P14 days after delivery and the expression of GABAB1, GABAAα1, and mGlu2 receptors in their primary visual cortex was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). KEY FINDINGS The expression of GABAB1, GABAAα1, and mGlu2 receptors increased gradually with age in the male offspring born to Con group while the highest expression was detected in layer IV of the primary visual cortex. In Dia group newborns, the expression of these receptors was significantly reduced in all layers of the primary visual cortex at every three days. Insulin treatment in diabetic mothers restored the expression of these receptors to normal levels in their newborns. SIGNIFICANCE The study indicates that diabetes reduces the expression of GABAB1, GABAAα1, and mGlu2 receptors in the primary visual cortex of male offspring born to diabetic rats at P0, P7, and P14. However, insulin treatment can counteract these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Bagheri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Nervous System Stem Cell Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nasim Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hamideh Babaloo
- Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multidisciplinary Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hamed Kheradmand
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sazegar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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de Bartolomeis A, De Simone G, De Prisco M, Barone A, Napoli R, Beguinot F, Billeci M, Fornaro M. Insulin effects on core neurotransmitter pathways involved in schizophrenia neurobiology: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Implications for the treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2811-2825. [PMID: 37085712 PMCID: PMC10615753 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of insulin action and metabolic dysregulation have traditionally been associated with schizophrenia, although the molecular basis of such association remains still elusive. The present meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of insulin action manipulations (i.e., hyperinsulinemia, hypoinsulinemia, systemic or brain insulin resistance) on glutamatergic, dopaminergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, and serotonergic pathways in the central nervous system. More than one hundred outcomes, including transcript or protein levels, kinetic parameters, and other components of the neurotransmitter pathways, were collected from cultured cells, animals, or humans, and meta-analyzed by applying a random-effects model and adopting Hedges'g to compare means. Two hundred fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 180 entered the quantitative synthesis. Significant impairments in key regulators of synaptic plasticity processes were detected as the result of insulin handlings. Specifically, protein levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits including type 2A (NR2A) (Hedges' g = -0.95, 95%C.I. = -1.50, -0.39; p = 0.001; I2 = 47.46%) and 2B (NR2B) (Hedges'g = -0.69, 95%C.I. = -1.35, -0.02; p = 0.043; I2 = 62.09%), and Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) (Hedges'g = -0.91, 95%C.I. = -1.51, -0.32; p = 0.003; I2 = 77.81%) were found reduced in insulin-resistant animal models. Moreover, insulin-resistant animals showed significantly impaired dopamine transporter activity, whereas the dopamine D2 receptor mRNA expression (Hedges'g = 3.259; 95%C.I. = 0.497, 6.020; p = 0.021; I2 = 90.61%) increased under insulin deficiency conditions. Insulin action modulated glutamate and GABA release, as well as several enzymes involved in GABA and serotonin synthesis. These results suggest that brain neurotransmitter systems are susceptible to insulin signaling abnormalities, resembling the discrete psychotic disorders' neurobiology and possibly contributing to the development of neurobiological hallmarks of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology University of Naples "Federico II", School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology University of Naples "Federico II", School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology University of Naples "Federico II", School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology University of Naples "Federico II", School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Billeci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology University of Naples "Federico II", School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology University of Naples "Federico II", School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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6
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Bartolini E, Ferrari AR, Fiori S, Della Vecchia S. Glycaemic Imbalances in Seizures and Epilepsy of Paediatric Age: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072580. [PMID: 37048663 PMCID: PMC10095009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral excitability and systemic metabolic balance are closely interconnected. Energy supply to neurons depends critically on glucose, whose fluctuations can promote immediate hyperexcitability resulting in acute symptomatic seizures. On the other hand, chronic disorders of sugar metabolism (e.g., diabetes mellitus) are often associated with long-term epilepsy. In this paper, we aim to review the existing knowledge on the association between acute and chronic glycaemic imbalances (hyper- and hypoglycaemia) with seizures and epilepsy, especially in the developing brain, focusing on clinical and instrumental features in order to optimize the care of children and adolescents and prevent the development of chronic neurological conditions in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bartolini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy (A.R.F.)
- Tuscany PhD Programme in Neurosciences, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Ferrari
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy (A.R.F.)
| | - Simona Fiori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy (A.R.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy (A.R.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurogenetics, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-886-332
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7
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Function of the GABAergic System in Diabetic Encephalopathy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:605-619. [PMID: 35460435 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by loss of blood sugar control and a high rate of complications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) functions as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain. The normal function of the GABAergic system is affected in diabetes. Herein, we summarize the role of the GABAergic system in diabetic cognitive dysfunction, diabetic blood sugar control disorders, diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy, diabetic central nervous system damage, maintaining diabetic brain energy homeostasis, helping central control of blood sugar and attenuating neuronal oxidative stress damage. We show the key regulatory role of the GABAergic system in multiple comorbidities in patients with diabetes and hope that further studies elucidating the role of the GABAergic system will yield benefits for the treatment and prevention of comorbidities in patients with diabetes.
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8
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Uthaiah CA, Devaru NC, Shivakumar NH, R R, Madhunapantula SV. Vitamin D Mitigates Hyperglycemia-Induced Cognition Decline in Danio rerio (Zebrafish) through the Activation of Antioxidant Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112114. [PMID: 36358486 PMCID: PMC9686813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia contributes to the development of cognition impairment and related disorders, induces oxidative stress in neuronal cells; thereby, impairs normal signaling mechanisms involved in cognition processes. Studies have shown a significant decrease in the vitamin D in individuals with hyperglycemia and cognition impairment. But whether supplementing vitamin D has any beneficiary impact on mitigating hyperglycemia-induced cognition impairment is unknown. We have first tested the impact of hyperglycemia on the induction of cognition deficiency in a zebrafish model. Next, the molecular mechanisms related to oxidative stress, which are deregulated in hyperglycemic zebrafish brains, have been explored. Subsequently, the impact of supplementing the water with vitamin D and a known activator of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) i.e., sulforaphane (SFN) on learning and memory functions were assessed. We showed a significant increase in the oxidative stress in the brain tissue of zebrafish residing in hyperglycemic water (111 mM glucose). Addition of vitamin D and SFN increased Nrf2, but differentially modulated its target genes (NQO1, SOD, GPx etc) activity in zebrafish and neuronal cell lines thereby improved the hyperglycemia-induced decline of cognition impairment. Mechanistically, vitamin D binds to the Keap1 protein; thereby, interfering with its binding to Nrf2, which leads to the activation of antioxidant mechanisms in the cells. In summary, reducing the oxidative stress through vitamin D treatment is a possible option for controlling the cognition impairment in diabetic population, but studies testing this possibility in clinical trials are currently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnappa A Uthaiah
- Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Nandini C Devaru
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Nandini H Shivakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Rajalakshmi R
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
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9
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The distribution pattern of M2 and Adrenergic α2 receptors on inferior colliculi in male newborns of diabetic rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 787:136820. [PMID: 35917839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Despite the high prevalence of diabetes in the world, its possible effects throughut pregnancy on neonatal auditory nervous system development are still unknown. In the present research, maternal diabetes' impact on the M2 and Adrenergicα2 receptors expression in the inferior colliculus (IC) of male newborn rats was investigated. Main methods Female rats were grouped into three: sham, insulin-treated diabetic, and diabetic. Diabetes was induced through streptozotocin (STZ) injection as one dose intraperitoneally (65 mg/kg). After mating and delivery, male rats were euthanized on P0, P7, and P14. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to study the distribution pattern of receptors. Key findings The present study indicated that the expression of M2 receptors in the diabetic group was significantly increased in pairwise comparisons in the sham and diabetic treated with insulin groups (P<0.001, each). The highest M2 expression was for the diabetic group on P14 and the lowest one was for the sham group on P0. The Adrenergicα2a receptors expression in the diabetic group was significantly reduced in pairwise comparisons in the sham and diabetic treated with insulin groups (P <0.001, each). The highest Adrenergicα2a expression was for the sham group on P14 and the lowest one was for the diabetic group on P0. There was no significant difference between the sham and insulin groups regarding all receptors expression. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated a time-dependent significant decrease in Adrenergicα2a but a time-dependent significant increase in M2 receptors expression.
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10
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Taslimi P, Işık M, Türkan F, Durgun M, Türkeş C, Gülçin İ, Beydemir Ş. Benzenesulfonamide derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase, α-glycosidase, and glutathione S-transferase inhibitors: biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:5449-5460. [PMID: 32691682 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1790422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamide derivatives exhibit a wide biological activity and can function as potential medical molecules in the development of a drug. Studies have reported that the compounds have an effect on many enzymes. In this study, the derivatives of amine sulfonamide (1i-11i) were prepared with reduced imine compounds (1-11) with NaBH4 in methanol. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized by spectral data and analytical. The effect of the synthesized derivatives on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and α-glycosidase (α-GLY) enzymes were determined. For the AChE and α-GLY, the most powerful inhibition was observed on 10 and 10i series with KI value in the range 2.26 ± 0.45-3.57 ± 0.97 and 95.73 ± 13.67-102.45 ± 11.72 µM, respectively. KI values of the series for GST were found in the range of 22.76 ± 1.23-49.29 ± 4.49. Finally, the compounds have a stronger inhibitor in lower concentrations by the attachment of functional electronegative groups such as two halogens (-Br and -CI), -OH to the benzene ring and -SO2NH2. The crystal structures of AChE, α-GLY, and GST in complex with selected derivatives 4 and 10 show the importance of the functional moieties in the binding modes within the receptors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Fikret Türkan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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11
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Akocak S, Taslimi P, Lolak N, Işık M, Durgun M, Budak Y, Türkeş C, Gülçin İ, Beydemir Ş. Synthesis, Characterization, and Inhibition Study of Novel Substituted Phenylureido Sulfaguanidine Derivatives as α‐Glycosidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000958. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Adıyaman University Adıyaman 02040 Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Bartın University Bartın 74100 Turkey
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Adıyaman University Adıyaman 02040 Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik 11230 Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harran University Şanlıurfa 63290 Turkey
| | - Yakup Budak
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Gaziosmanpaşa University Tokat 60250 Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Erzincan 24100 Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University Eskişehir 26470 Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik 11230 Turkey
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12
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Soligo M, Protto V, Chiaretti A, Piccinin S, De Stefano ME, Nisticò R, Bracci-Laudiero L, Manni L. Effects of intranasally-delivered pro-nerve growth factors on the septo-hippocampal system in healthy and diabetic rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108223. [PMID: 32681844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) is the predominant form of NGF in the brain and its levels increase in neurodegenerative diseases. The balance between NGF receptors may explain the contradictory biological activities of proNGF. However, the specific role of the two main proNGF variants is mostly unexplored. proNGF-A is prevalently expressed in healthy brain, while proNGF-B content increases in the neuro-degenerating brain. Recently we have investigated in vitro the biological action of native mouse proNGF variants. To gain further insights into the specific functions of the two proNGFs, here we intranasally delivered mouse-derived proNGF-A and proNGF-B to the brain parenchyma of healthy and diabetic rats, the latter characterized by dysfunction in spatial learning and memory, in the septo-hippocampal circuitry and by relative increase in proNGF-B hippocampal levels. Exogenous proNGF-B induces depression of hippocampal DG-LTP and impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis in healthy animals, with concomitant decrease in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and cholinergic fibers projecting to the hippocampus. proNGF-A, while ineffective in healthy animals, rescues the diabetes-induced impairment in DG-LTP and hippocampal neurogenesis, promoting the concomitant recovery of the basal forebrain cholinergic phenotype. Our experimental evidences suggest that the balance between different proNGFs may influence the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Protto
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiaretti
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Egle De Stefano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci-Laudiero
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy; Division of Rheumatology and Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy.
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13
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Keshk WA, Elseady WS, Sarhan NI, Zineldeen DH. Curcumin attenuates cytoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and cholinergic dysfunction in diabetic rat hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:637-647. [PMID: 32172517 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the increased risk of the central nervous system complications as cerebrovascular disease, impaired cognition, dementia and neurodegeneration. Curcumin is a polyphenol with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-cancer effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed to focus on the mechanistic insights of diabetes-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in addition to shedding the light on the modulatory effect of curcumin. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Type I DM was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg b.w.). Curcumin (100 mg/kg b.w.) was given to the diabetic group after the induction and for eight weeks. Hippocampal glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4), Bcl2 and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) genes expression were assessed. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), Bcl-2-Associated X protein (Bax), Interferon-γ (INF-γ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) levels in the hippocampus were immunoassayed, in addition to the assessment of glycemic and redox status. Curcumin significantly improved blood glucose level, redox status, cellular stress, and decreased INF-γ and Bax levels, down-regulated GRP78 and ATF-4 expression, meanwhile, up-regulated Bcl2 and ChAT expression in hippocampus. Histological findings proved the biochemical and molecular findings. Our results support curcumin as a potential neuro-protective agent against diabetes induced hippocampal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Keshk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Walaa S Elseady
- Department of anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Naglaa I Sarhan
- Department of histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Zineldeen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Suliman Alrajhi University, Bukayriyah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Myrtus communis subsp. communis improved cognitive functions in ovariectomized diabetic rats. Gene 2020; 744:144616. [PMID: 32222531 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of Myrtus communis subsp. communis (MC) on cognitive impairment in ovariectomized diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHOD Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups consisting of 15 rats each; Control (C), Diabetes (D), Ovariectomy and diabetes (OVX + D), Ovariectomy, diabetes and donepezil (OVX + D + Don), Ovariectomy, diabetes and Myrtus communis subsp. communis (OVX + D + MC). Blood glucose measurements were made at the beginning and end of the experiments. The animals underwent the novel object recognition test (NORT) and their performance was evaluated. In hippocampal tissues; amyloid beta (Aβ) and neprilysin levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities, polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), α7 subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expressions were examined. RESULTS Animals with ovariectomy and diabetes showed increased levels of blood glucose, AChE activity and Aβ levels, and decreased neprilysin levels, ChAT activity, α7-nAChR, PSA-NCAM and BDNF gene expressions in parallel with a decrease in NORT performance score. On the other hand, in the MC-treated OVX + D group, there was a significant decrease observed in blood glucose levels and AChE activities while there was improvement in NORT performances and an increase in hippocampal ChAT activity, neprilysin levels, α7-nAChR, PSA-NCAM and BDNF expressions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MC extract could improve cognitive and neuronal functions with its anticholinesterase and antihyperglycemic properties.
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15
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El-Mehi AE, Faried MA. Controlled ozone therapy modulates the neurodegenerative changes in the frontal cortex of the aged albino rat. Ann Anat 2019; 227:151428. [PMID: 31610254 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a normal process associated with neurodegenerative changes resulting in decline of cognitive and motor functions. Oxidative stress plays an important role. Controlled ozone (O3) therapy has been proved to induce oxidative preconditioning thus reversing oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first attempt to investigate whether the antioxidant properties of O3 can ameliorate age-associated structural alterations of the cerebral cortex. Ozone administration (at a dose of 0.7mg/kg intraperitonially, three times a week for eight weeks) produced significant downregulation of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and upregulation of glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) within the frontal cortex of aged rats. Sections of the frontal cortex from adult and aged rats were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed using light microscopy. In addition, quantitative immunohistochemical assessments of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Ki67 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were performed. Our results revealed the beneficial effect of O3 in improving the neurodegenerative changes of the cerebral cortex of aged rats. Moreover, this study clarified that O3 exerted its effects via reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, gliosis as well as improving neurogenesis and cholinergic plasticity. This work added to the previously proved aging - associated neurodegenerative effects and provided a new insight into the promising role of O3 to ameliorate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer E El-Mehi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Manar A Faried
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
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16
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Carassius auratus as a novel model for the hyperglycemia study. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Lakstygal AM, de Abreu MS, Lifanov DA, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Serikuly N, Alpsyshov ET, Wang D, Wang M, Tang Z, Yan D, Demin KA, Volgin AD, Amstislavskaya TG, Wang J, Song C, Alekseeva P, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models of diabetes-related CNS pathogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:48-58. [PMID: 30476525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder that affects multiple organ systems. DM also affects brain processes, contributing to various CNS disorders, including depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease. Despite active research in humans, rodent models and in-vitro systems, the pathogenetic link between DM and brain disorders remains poorly understood. Novel translational models and new model organisms are therefore essential to more fully study the impact of DM on CNS. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful novel model species to study metabolic and CNS disorders. Here, we discuss how DM alters brain functions and behavior in zebrafish, and summarize their translational relevance to studying DM-related CNS pathogenesis in humans. We recognize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational DM research, as they continue to improve our understanding of different brain pathologies associated with DM, and may foster the discovery of drugs that prevent or treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Lifanov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - MengYao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiChong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - JiaJia Wang
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai Song
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA.
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18
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Saygı Bacanak M, Aydın B, Cabadak H, Nurten A, Gören MZ, Enginar N. Contribution of M 1 and M 2 muscarinic receptor subtypes to convulsions in fasted mice treated with scopolamine and given food. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:423-430. [PMID: 29158113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of fasted mice and rats with the nonselective muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine or atropine, causes convulsions after food intake. This study evaluated the effect of fasting on the expression of M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors in the brain regions, the relationship between receptor expression and seizure stages, and the muscarinic receptor subtype which plays a role in the occurrence of convulsions. Mice were grouped as allowed to eat ad lib (fed) and deprived of food for 24h (fasted). Fasted animals developed convulsions after being treated with scopolamine (60%) or the selective M1 receptor antagonist pirenzepine (10mg/kg; 20% and 60mg/kg; 70%) and given food. Fasting increased expression of M1 receptors in the frontal cortex and M2 receptors in the hippocampus, but produced no change in the expression of both receptors in the amygdaloid complex. Food intake after fasting decreased M1 receptor expression in the frontal cortex and M1 and M2 receptor expression in the hippocampus. Seizure severity was uncorrelated with muscarinic receptor expression in the brain regions. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the role of M1 muscarinic receptor antagonism and fasting-induced increases in M1 and M2 expression possible underlying mechanism in the occurrence of convulsions in fasted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Saygı Bacanak
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Banu Aydın
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Turkey
| | - Hülya Cabadak
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Turkey
| | - Asiye Nurten
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zafer Gören
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Marmara University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Enginar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey.
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19
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Huynh W, Kwai N, Arnold R, Krishnan AV, Lin CSY, Vucic S, Kiernan MC. The Effect of Diabetes on Cortical Function in Stroke: Implications for Poststroke Plasticity. Diabetes 2017; 66:1661-1670. [PMID: 28325854 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes may impair the capacity for neuroplasticity such that patients experience a slower and poorer recovery after stroke. The current study investigated changes in cortical function in stroke patients with diabetes to determine how this comorbidity may affect poststroke cortical plasticity and thereby functional recovery. From a cohort of 57 participants, threshold-tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess cortical function over the ipsilateral and contralesional hemispheres in 7 patients with diabetes after an acute stroke compared with 12 stroke patients without diabetes. Cortical function was also assessed in 8 patients with diabetes without stroke and 30 normal control subjects. After acute stroke, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was reduced over both motor cortices in stroke patients without diabetes compared with normal control patients, while in stroke patients with diabetes, SICI was only reduced over the contralesional but not the ipsilesional cortex compared with control patients with diabetes. In addition, SICI was significantly reduced in the control patients with diabetes compared with normal control patients. These results have demonstrated the absence of ipsilesional cortical excitability change after diabetic strokes, suggesting impaired capacity for neuroplasticity over this hemisphere as a consequence of a "double-hit" phenomenon because of preexisting alterations in cortical function in nonstroke patients with diabetes. The reliance on reorganization over the contralesional cortex after stroke will likely exert influence on poststroke recovery in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Huynh
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Kwai
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ria Arnold
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arun V Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy S-Y Lin
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve Vucic
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Moore-Dotson JM, Beckman JJ, Mazade RE, Hoon M, Bernstein AS, Romero-Aleshire MJ, Brooks HL, Eggers ED. Early Retinal Neuronal Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice: Reduced Light-Evoked Inhibition Increases Rod Pathway Signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:1418-30. [PMID: 27028063 PMCID: PMC4819579 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies suggest that the neural retinal response to light is compromised in diabetes. Electroretinogram studies suggest that the dim light retinal rod pathway is especially susceptible to diabetic damage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes alters rod pathway signaling. Methods Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6J mice by three intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ; 75 mg/kg), and confirmed by blood glucose levels > 200 mg/dL. Six weeks after the first injection, whole-cell voltage clamp recordings of spontaneous and light-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents from rod bipolar cells were made in dark-adapted retinal slices. Light-evoked excitatory currents from rod bipolar and AII amacrine cells, and spontaneous excitatory currents from AII amacrine cells were also measured. Receptor inputs were pharmacologically isolated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on whole mounted retinas. Results Rod bipolar cells had reduced light-evoked inhibitory input from amacrine cells but no change in excitatory input from rod photoreceptors. Reduced light-evoked inhibition, mediated by both GABAA and GABAC receptors, increased rod bipolar cell output onto AII amacrine cells. Spontaneous release of GABA onto rod bipolar cells was increased, which may limit GABA availability for light-evoked release. These physiological changes occurred in the absence of retinal cell loss or changes in GABAA receptor expression levels. Conclusions Our results indicate that early diabetes causes deficits in the rod pathway leading to decreased light-evoked rod bipolar cell inhibition and increased rod pathway output that provide a basis for the development of early diabetic visual deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie J Beckman
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Reece E Mazade
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Mrinalini Hoon
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Adam S Bernstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | | | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Erika D Eggers
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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21
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Gaspar JM, Baptista FI, Macedo MP, Ambrósio AF. Inside the Diabetic Brain: Role of Different Players Involved in Cognitive Decline. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:131-42. [PMID: 26667832 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease, and its prevalence is increasing. A growing body of evidence, both in animal models and epidemiological studies, has demonstrated that metabolic diseases like obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes are associated with alterations in the central nervous system (CNS), being linked with development of cognitive and memory impairments and presenting a higher risk for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The rising prevalence of diabetes together with its increasing earlier onset suggests that diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction will increase in the near future, causing substantial socioeconomic impact. Decreased insulin secretion or action, dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, impairment in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, obesity, hyperleptinemia, and inflammation may act independently or synergistically to disrupt neuronal homeostasis and cause diabetes-associated cognitive decline. However, the crosstalk between those factors and the mechanisms underlying the diabetes-related CNS complications is still elusive. During the past few years, different strategies (neuroprotective and antioxidant drugs) have emerged as promising therapies for this complication, which still remains to be preventable or treatable. This Review summarizes fundamental past and ongoing research on diabetes-associated cognitive decline, highlighting potential contributors, mechanistic mediators, and new pharmacological approaches to prevent and/or delay this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Gaspar
- CEDOC,
Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de
Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Edifício
CEDOC - IIRua Câmara Pestana no. 6, 6A e 6B, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Institute
for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), R. do Salitre 118-120, 1250-203 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa I. Baptista
- Institute
for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI
Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Paula Macedo
- CEDOC,
Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de
Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Edifício
CEDOC - IIRua Câmara Pestana no. 6, 6A e 6B, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
- Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), R. do Salitre 118-120, 1250-203 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António F. Ambrósio
- Institute
for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI
Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- AIBILI, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Soligo M, Protto V, Florenzano F, Bracci-Laudiero L, De Benedetti F, Chiaretti A, Manni L. The mature/pro nerve growth factor ratio is decreased in the brain of diabetic rats: Analysis by ELISA methods. Brain Res 2015; 1624:455-468. [PMID: 26282349 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the survival and functional maintenance of forebrain cholinergic neurons projecting mainly to the cortex and hippocampus. NGF is produced in these brain areas but while mature NGF (mNGF) has a survival/differentiative effect its precursor proNGF elicits apoptosis in cholinergic neurons. Impaired neurotransmission, loss of cholinergic phenotype and abnormal NGF content characterize the cholinergic circuitries in animal models of diabetic encephalopathy (DE). It is not known whether defective production or maturation of NGF could play a key role in cholinergic neurodegeneration in DE. Quantification of the mNGF/proNGF ratio is therefore needed to characterize the development and progression of NGF-related neuronal diseases. In our work, we aimed at developing ELISA methods to measure either mNGF or proNGF tissue concentration; and to define the mNGF/proNGF ratio in the rat cortex and hippocampus during the early stage of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Using commercially available NGF ELISA kits and antibodies, we set up ELISAs for human and rat mNGF and proNGF. We then analyzed the mNGF/proNGF ratio in the cortex and hippocampus of DE rats and found that it decreased in both tissues starting from the fourth week after diabetes induction. In diabetic brain the increase in proNGF involves accumulation of the isoforms with molecular weights of 50 and 34 kDa. Our study for the first time specifically quantifies the absolute content of mature and proNGF and the mNGF/proNGF ratio in brain tissues, suggesting that early progression of experimental DE is characterized by defective maturation of NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Protto
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvio Florenzano
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci-Laudiero
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital-IRCSS, Division of Rheumatology, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Benedetti
- Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital-IRCSS, Division of Rheumatology, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiaretti
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Rome, Largo A Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Chen F, Dong RR, Zhong KL, Ghosh A, Tang SS, Long Y, Hu M, Miao MX, Liao JM, Sun HB, Kong LY, Hong H. Antidiabetic drugs restore abnormal transport of amyloid-β across the blood-brain barrier and memory impairment in db/db mice. Neuropharmacology 2015. [PMID: 26211973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown significant changes in amyloid-β (Aβ) transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under diabetic conditions with hypoinsulinemia, which is involved in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Present study employed db/db mice with hyperinsulinemia to investigate changes in Aβ transport across the BBB, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and restorative effects of antidiabetic drugs. Our results showed that db/db mice exhibited similar changes in Aβ transport across the BBB to that of insulin-deficient mice. Chronic treatment of db/db mice with antidiabetic drugs such as metformin, glibenclamide and insulin glargine significantly decreased Aβ influx across the BBB determined by intra-arterial infusion of (125)I-Aβ(1-40), and expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) participating in Aβ influx. Insulin glargine, but not, metformin or glibenclamide increased Aβ efflux across the BBB determined by stereotaxic intra-cerebral infusion of (125)I-Aβ(1-40), and expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) participating in Aβ efflux. Moreover, treatment with these drugs significantly decreased hippocampal Aβ(1-40) or Aβ(1-42) and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. The drugs also ameliorated memory impairment confirmed by improved performance on behavioral tasks. However, insulin glargine or glibenclamide, but not metformin, restored hippocampal synaptic plasticity characterized by enhancing in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP). Further study found that these three drugs significantly restrained NF-κB, but only insulin glargine enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity at the BBB in db/db mice. Our data indicate that the antidiabetic drugs can partially restore abnormal Aβ transport across the BBB and memory impairment under diabetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Rong Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kai Long Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Xing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Min Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Bing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Yi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Florez CM, Lukankin V, Sugumar S, McGinn R, Zhang ZJ, Zhang L, Carlen PL. Hypoglycemia-induced alterations in hippocampal intrinsic rhythms: Decreased inhibition, increased excitation, seizures and spreading depression. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:213-225. [PMID: 26093168 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seizures are the most common clinical presentation of severe hypoglycemia, usually as a side effect of insulin treatment for juvenile onset type 1 diabetes mellitus and advanced type 2 diabetes. We used the mouse thick hippocampal slice preparation to study the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia-induced seizures and the effects of severe glucose depletion on the isolated hippocampal rhythms from the CA3 circuitry. METHODS AND RESULTS Dropping the glucose perfusate concentration from the standard 10 mM to 1 mM produced epileptiform activity in 14/16 of the slices. Seizure-like events (SLEs) originated in the CA3 region and then spread into the CA1 region. Following the SLE, a spreading-depression (SD)-like event occurred (12/16 slices) with irreversible synaptic failure in the CA1 region (8/12 slices). CA3 SD-like events followed ~30 s after the SD-like event in the CA1 region. Less commonly, SD-like events originated in the CA3 region (4/12). Additionally, prior to the onset of the SLE in the CA3 area, there was decreased GABA correlated baseline SPW activity (bSPW), while there was increased large-amplitude sharp wave (LASW) activity, thought to originate from synchronous pyramidal cell firing. CA3 pyramidal cells displayed progressive tonic depolarization prior to the seizure which was resistant to synaptic transmission blockade. The initiation of hypoglycemic seizures and SD was prevented by AMPA/kainate or NMDA receptor blockade. CONCLUSIONS Severe glucose depletion induces rapid changes initiated in the intrinsic CA3 rhythms of the hippocampus including depressed inhibition and enhanced excitation, which may underlie the mechanisms of seizure generation and delayed spreading depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Florez
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, TWRI, UHN, Toronto, Canada
| | - V Lukankin
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Sugumar
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R McGinn
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Z J Zhang
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Zhang
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - P L Carlen
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, TWRI, UHN, Toronto, Canada.
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Patel SS, Parashar A, Udayabanu M. Urtica dioica leaves modulates muscarinic cholinergic system in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:803-11. [PMID: 25514862 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and has been associated with cognitive dysfunction. In our earlier study, chronic Urtica dioica (UD) treatment significantly ameliorated diabetes induced associative and spatial memory deficit in mice. The present study was designed to explore the effect of UD leaves extract on muscarinic cholinergic system, which has long been known to be involved in cognition. Streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg, i.p., consecutively for 5 days) was used to induce diabetes followed by treatment with UD extract (50 mg/kg, oral) or rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg, oral) for 8 weeks. STZ-induced diabetic mice showed significant reduction in hippocampal muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-1 and choline acetyltransferase expressions. Chronic diabetes significantly up-regulated the protein expression of acetylcholinesterase associated with oxidative stress in hippocampus. Besides, STZ-induced diabetic mice showed hypolocomotion with up-regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-4 expression in striatum. Chronic UD treatment significantly attenuated the cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. UD had no effect on locomotor activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-4 expression in striatum. In conclusion, UD leaves extract has potential to reverse diabetes mediated alteration in muscarinic cholinergic system in hippocampus and thereby improve memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Sharan Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
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26
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Falip M, Miró J, Carreño M, Jaraba S, Becerra JL, Cayuela N, Perez Maraver M, Graus F. Hypoglycemic seizures and epilepsy in type I diabetes mellitus. J Neurol Sci 2014; 346:307-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brocca M, Pietranera L, Roig P, Lima A, De Nicola A. Effects of 17β-estradiol on the cytoarchitecture of pyramidal CA1 neurons in normoglycemic and diabetic male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neuroscience 2014; 280:243-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Capiotti KM, De Moraes DA, Menezes FP, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Da Silva RS. Hyperglycemia induces memory impairment linked to increased acetylcholinesterase activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Brain Res 2014; 274:319-25. [PMID: 25157430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, which causes hyperglycemia, affects the central nervous system and can impairs cognitive functions, such as memory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperglycemia on memory as well as on the activity of acethylcholinesterase. Hyperglycemia was induced in adult zebrafish by immersion in glucose 111mM by 14 days. The animals were divided in 4 groups: control, glucose-treated, glucose-washout 7-days and glucose-washout 14-days. We evaluated the performance in inhibitory avoidance task and locomotor activity. We also determined acethylcholinesterase activity and gene expression from whole brain. In order to counteract the effect of hyperglycemia underlined by effects on acethylcholinesterase activity, we treated the animals with galantamine (0.05ng/g), an inhibitor of this enzyme. Also we evaluated the gene expression of insulin receptor and glucose transporter from zebrafish brain. The hyperglycemia promoted memory deficit in adult zebrafish, which can be explained by increased AChE activity. The ache mRNA levels from zebrafish brain were decrease in 111mM glucose group and returned to normal levels after 7 days of glucose withdrawal. Insulin receptors (insra-1, insra-2, insrb-1 and insrb-2) and glut-3 mRNA levels were not significantly changed. Our results also demonstrated that galantamine was able to reverse the memory deficit caused by hyperglycemia, demonstrating that these effects involve modulation of AChE activity. These data suggest that the memory impairment induced by hyperglycemia is underlined by the cholinergic dysfunction caused by the mechanisms involving the control of acetylcholinesterase function and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiucia Marques Capiotti
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daiani Almeida De Moraes
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Peres Menezes
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Souza Da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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El-Akabawy G, El-Kholy W. Neuroprotective effect of ginger in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ann Anat 2014; 196:119-28. [PMID: 24680376 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results in neuronal damage caused by increased intracellular glucose leading to oxidative stress. Recent evidence revealed the potential of ginger for reducing diabetes-induced oxidative stress markers. The aim of this study is to investigate, for the first time, whether the antioxidant properties of ginger has beneficial effects on the structural brain damage associated with diabetes. We investigated the observable neurodegenerative changes in the frontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum after 4, 6, and 8 weeks of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats and the effect(s) of ginger (500 mg/kg/day). Sections of frontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined using light microscopy. In addition, quantitative immunohistochemical assessments of the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Ki67 were performed. Our results revealed a protective role of ginger on the diabetic brain via reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. In addition, this study revealed that the beneficial effect of ginger was also mediated by modulating the astroglial response to the injury, reducing AChE expression, and improving neurogenesis. These results represent a new insight into the beneficial effects of ginger on the structural alterations of diabetic brain and suggest that ginger might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic-induced damage in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan El-Akabawy
- Menoufia University, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Wael El-Kholy
- Menoufia University, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia, Egypt.
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Sato N, Morishita R. Brain alterations and clinical symptoms of dementia in diabetes: aβ/tau-dependent and independent mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:143. [PMID: 25250014 PMCID: PMC4155814 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that diabetes affects cognitive function and increases the incidence of dementia. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes modifies cognitive function still remains unclear. Morphologically, diabetes is associated with neuronal loss in the frontal and temporal lobes including the hippocampus, and aberrant functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex and medial frontal/temporal gyrus. Clinically, diabetic patients show decreased executive function, information processing, planning, visuospatial construction, and visual memory. Therefore, in comparison with the characteristics of AD brain structure and cognition, diabetes seems to affect cognitive function through not only simple AD pathological feature-dependent mechanisms but also independent mechanisms. As an Aβ/tau-independent mechanism, diabetes compromises cerebrovascular function, increases subcortical infarction, and might alter the blood-brain barrier. Diabetes also affects glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and mitochondrial function in the brain. Diabetes also modifies metabolism of Aβ and tau and causes Aβ/tau-dependent pathological changes. Moreover, there is evidence that suggests an interaction between Aβ/tau-dependent and independent mechanisms. Therefore, diabetes modifies cognitive function through Aβ/tau-dependent and independent mechanisms. Interaction between these two mechanisms forms a vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Sato
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Naoyuki Sato, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan e-mail:
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Sato N, Morishita R. Roles of vascular and metabolic components in cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer disease: short- and long-term modification by non-genetic risk factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:64. [PMID: 24204343 PMCID: PMC3817366 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that a specific set of genetic and non-genetic risk factors contributes to the onset of Alzheimer disease (AD). Non-genetic risk factors include diabetes, hypertension in mid-life, and probably dyslipidemia in mid-life. This review focuses on the vascular and metabolic components of non-genetic risk factors. The mechanisms whereby non-genetic risk factors modify cognitive dysfunction are divided into four components, short- and long-term effects of vascular and metabolic factors. These consist of (1) compromised vascular reactivity, (2) vascular lesions, (3) hypo/hyperglycemia, and (4) exacerbated AD histopathological features, respectively. Vascular factors compromise cerebrovascular reactivity in response to neuronal activity and also cause irreversible vascular lesions. On the other hand, representative short-term effects of metabolic factors on cognitive dysfunction occur due to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Non-genetic risk factors also modify the pathological manifestations of AD in the long-term. Therefore, vascular and metabolic factors contribute to aggravation of cognitive dysfunction in AD through short-term and long-term effects. β-amyloid could be involved in both vascular and metabolic components. It might be beneficial to support treatment in AD patients by appropriate therapeutic management of non-genetic risk factors, considering the contributions of these four elements to the manifestation of cognitive dysfunction in individual patients, though all components are not always present. It should be clarified how these four components interact with each other. To answer this question, a clinical prospective study that follows up clinical features with respect to these four components: (1) functional MRI or SPECT for cerebrovascular reactivity, (2) MRI for ischemic lesions and atrophy, (3) clinical episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, (4) amyloid-PET and tau-PET for pathological features of AD, would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Sato
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Osaka, Japan ; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University Osaka, Japan
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Liu JP, Feng L, Zhang MH, Ma DY, Wang SY, Gu J, Fu Q, Qu R, Ma SP. Neuroprotective effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on cognition deficits of diabetic encephalopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:371-81. [PMID: 24041458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LWDHD) is a well-known prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and consists of six crude drugs including Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (family: Scrophulariaceae), Cornus officinalis Sieb. (family: Cornaceae), Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (family: Dioscoreaceae), Paoenia ostii (family: Paeoniaceae), Alisma orientale (G. Samuelsson) Juz (family: Alismataceae) and Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (family: Polyporaceae). It has been used for the treatment of "Kidney-Yin" deficiency syndrome in clinic in China for a long time. Recent studies found that LWDHD had a potential benefit for the treatment of diabetic complications. The aim of the present study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of LWDHD on memory and cognition deficits in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic encephalopathy (DE) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with high-glucose-fat diet for 50 days and then received an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) to induce DE model. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the memory and cognition capability of DE rats. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na(+)-K(+)-ATP enzyme, iNOS and GSH kits were used to determine their activities or content in hippocampus. TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining were conducted to evaluate the apoptosis, caspase-3 protein expression, insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) and brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) expressions, as well as Aβ deposition. RESULTS The treatment with LWDHD (1 and 2g/kg, p.o., once daily, 30 days) could significantly reduce the escape latency time and path length, and obviously enhance the spent time in the target quadrant and platform crossings in Morris water maze test compared with model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). LWDHD could also significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, increase Na(+)-K(+)-ATP enzyme and ChAT activities, enhance remarkedly GSH level while decrease significantly AChE and iNOS activities in hippocampus (P<0.05, P<0.01). Furthermore, TUNEL staining, Congo red staining and immunohistochemistry showed that LWDHD significantly improved the expressions of IGF-1 and BDNF, attenuated the neural apoptosis, overexpression of caspase-3 and Aβ deposition in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of STZ-induced DE rats (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that LWDHD had a neuroprotective effect on DE rats. LWDHD may be of benefit in the treatment of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China
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The functional state of hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase signaling system in diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2013; 2013:594213. [PMID: 24191197 PMCID: PMC3804439 DOI: 10.1155/2013/594213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces a large number of diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, and some other systems of the organism. One of the main causes of the diseases is the changes in the functional activity of hormonal signaling systems which lead to the alterations and abnormalities of the cellular processes and contribute to triggering and developing many DM complications. The key role in the control of physiological and biochemical processes belongs to the adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling system, sensitive to biogenic amines and polypeptide hormones. The review is devoted to the changes in the GPCR-G protein-AC system in the brain, heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and the adipose tissue in experimental and human DM of the types 1 and 2 and also to the role of the changes in AC signaling in the pathogenesis and etiology of DM and its complications. It is shown that the changes of the functional state of hormone-sensitive AC system are dependent to a large extent on the type and duration of DM and in experimental DM on the model of the disease. The degree of alterations and abnormalities of AC signaling pathways correlates very well with the severity of DM and its complications.
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Blockade of corticosteroid receptors induces anxiolytic-like effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and synergizes with diazepam. Behav Pharmacol 2013; 24:320-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283637de2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hokama M, Oka S, Leon J, Ninomiya T, Honda H, Sasaki K, Iwaki T, Ohara T, Sasaki T, LaFerla FM, Kiyohara Y, Nakabeppu Y. Altered expression of diabetes-related genes in Alzheimer's disease brains: the Hisayama study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:2476-88. [PMID: 23595620 PMCID: PMC4128707 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be a risk factor for dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this risk is not well understood. We examined gene expression profiles in postmortem human brains donated for the Hisayama study. Three-way analysis of variance of microarray data from frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and hippocampus was performed with the presence/absence of AD and vascular dementia, and sex, as factors. Comparative analyses of expression changes in the brains of AD patients and a mouse model of AD were also performed. Relevant changes in gene expression identified by microarray analysis were validated by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The hippocampi of AD brains showed the most significant alteration in gene expression profile. Genes involved in noninsulin-dependent DM and obesity were significantly altered in both AD brains and the AD mouse model, as were genes related to psychiatric disorders and AD. The alterations in the expression profiles of DM-related genes in AD brains were independent of peripheral DM-related abnormalities. These results indicate that altered expression of genes related to DM in AD brains is a result of AD pathology, which may thereby be exacerbated by peripheral insulin resistance or DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hokama
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Sugako Oka
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Research Center for Nucleotide Pool
| | - Julio Leon
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Tomio Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yutaka Kiyohara
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan and
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Research Center for Nucleotide Pool
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Kalalian-Moghaddam H, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, Goshadrou F, Ronaghi A. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity restoration and anti-apoptotic effect underlie berberine improvement of learning and memory in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 698:259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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