1
|
Towers EB, Shapiro DA, Abel JM, Bakhti-Suroosh A, Kupkova K, Auble DT, Grant PA, Lynch WJ. Transcriptional Profile of Exercise-Induced Protection Against Relapse to Cocaine Seeking in a Rat Model. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:734-745. [PMID: 37881559 PMCID: PMC10593899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise has shown promise as a treatment for cocaine use disorder; however, the mechanism underlying its efficacy has remained elusive. Methods We used a rat model of relapse (cue-induced reinstatement) and exercise (wheel running, 2 hours/day) coupled with RNA sequencing to establish transcriptional profiles associated with the protective effects of exercise (during early withdrawal [days 1-7] or throughout withdrawal [days 1-14]) versus noneffective exercise (during late withdrawal [days 8-14]) against cocaine-seeking and sedentary conditions. Results As expected, cue-induced cocaine seeking was highest in the sedentary and late-withdrawal exercise groups; both groups also showed upregulation of a Grin1-associated transcript and enrichment of Drd1-Nmdar1 complex and glutamate receptor complex terms. Surprisingly, these glutamate markers were also enriched in the early- and throughout-withdrawal exercise groups, despite lower levels of cocaine seeking. However, a closer examination of the Grin1-associated transcript revealed a robust loss of transcripts spanning exons 9 and 10 in the sedentary condition relative to saline controls that was normalized by early- and throughout-withdrawal exercise, but not late-withdrawal exercise, indicating that these exercise conditions may normalize RNA mis-splicing induced by cocaine seeking. Our findings also revealed novel mechanisms by which exercise initiated during early withdrawal may modulate glutamatergic signaling in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (e.g., via transcripts associated with non-NMDA glutamate receptors or those affecting signaling downstream of NMDA receptors), along with mechanisms outside of glutamatergic signaling such as circadian rhythm regulation and neuronal survival. Conclusions These findings provide a rich resource for future studies aimed at manipulating these molecular networks to better understand how exercise decreases cocaine seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Daniel A. Shapiro
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jean M. Abel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anousheh Bakhti-Suroosh
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kristyna Kupkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David T. Auble
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Patrick A. Grant
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Wendy J. Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang G, Zhang Z, Tao M, Wei X, Zhou L. Identification of potential crucial genes and mechanisms associated with metastasis of medulloblastoma based on gene expression profile. Neurol Res 2023; 45:260-267. [PMID: 36215435 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2132457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Although metastasis constitutes one of the poorest prognostic indicators in this disease, the mechanisms that drive metastasis have received less attention. The aim of our study is to provide valid biological information for the metastasis mechanism of medulloblastoma. METHODS Gene expression profile of GSE468 was downloaded from GEO database and was analyzed using limma R package. Function and enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed based on PANTHER database. PPI network construction, hub gene selection and module analysis were conducted in Cytoscape software. RESULTS Nine upregulated genes and 34 downregulated genes were selected as DEGs. The upregulated genes were mainly enriched in molecular function and cell component, which mainly included protein binding and nucleus respectively. A total of 120 enriched GO terms and 40 KEGG pathways were identified. The main enriched GO terms were the biological process such as apoptosis and MAPK activity. Besides, the enriched KEGG pathways also included MAPK signaling pathway. A PPI network was obtained, and JUN was identified as a hub gene. Also, we firstly investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of JUN in the metastasis of medulloblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Through the bioinformatics analysis of the gene microarray in GEO, we found some crucial genes and pathways associated with the metastasis of medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mengying Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Müller UJ, Ahrens M, Vasilevska V, Dobrowolny H, Schiltz K, Schlaaff K, Mawrin C, Frodl T, Bogerts B, Gos T, Truebner K, Bernstein HG, Steiner J. Reduced habenular volumes and neuron numbers in male heroin addicts: a post-mortem study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:835-845. [PMID: 33001272 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Habenula is increasingly being investigated in addiction. Reduced volumes of other relevant brain regions in addiction, such as nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus and hypothalamus have been reported. Reduced volumes of the habenula as well as reduced neuronal cell count in the habenula have also been reported in mood disorders and an overlap between mood disorders and addiction is clinically widely recognized. Thus, our aim was to investigate possible volume and neuronal cell count differences in heroin addicts compared to healthy controls. Volumes of the medial (MHB) and lateral habenula (LHB) in heroin addicts (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 12) were assessed by morphometry of 20 µm serial whole brain sections. Total brain volume was larger in the heroin group (mean 1466.6 ± 58.5 cm3 vs. mean 1331.5 ± 98.8 cm3), possibly because the heroin group was about 15 years younger (p = 0.001). Despite larger mean whole brain volume, the mean relative volume of the MHB was smaller than in healthy non-addicted controls (6.94 ± 2.38 × 10-6 vs.10.64 ± 3.22 × 10-6; p = 0.004). A similar finding was observed regarding relative volumes of the LHB (46.62 ± 10.90 × 10-6 vs. 63.05 ± 16.42 × 10-6 p = 0.009). In parallel, neuronal cell numbers were reduced in the MHB of heroin-addicted subjects (395,966 ± 184,178 vs. 644,149 ± 131,140; p < 0.001). These findings were not significantly confounded by age and duration of autolysis. Our results provide further evidence for brain-structural deficits in heroin addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany.
| | - Moritz Ahrens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Vasilevska
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schlaaff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Salus Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kurt Truebner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schmidt A, Vogel M, Baumgartner S, Wiesbeck GA, Lang U, Borgwardt S, Walter M. Brain volume changes after long-term injectable opioid treatment: A longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12970. [PMID: 33000891 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical research has demonstrated the efficacy of injectable opioid treatment for long-term, treatment-refractory opioid-dependent patients. It has been hypothesized that compulsive drug use is particularly associated with neuroplasticity changes in the networks corresponding to withdrawal/negative affect and preoccupation/anticipation rather than binge/intoxication. However, as yet, no study has investigated the effect of long-term opioid treatment on key regions within these networks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess brain volumes changes during long-term (approximately 9 years) injectable opioid agonist treatment with diacetylmorphine (DAM) in 22 patients with opioid use disorder. Voxel-based morphometry was applied to detect volumetric changes within the networks of binge/intoxication (ventral/dorsal striatum, globus pallidus and thalamus), withdrawal/negative affect (amygdala and ventral striatum) and preoccupation/anticipation (hippocampus, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex). The relationships between significant volume changes and features of opioid use disorder were tested using Pearson correlation. Long-term opioid agonist treatment was associated with the enlargement of the right caudate nucleus, which was related to the duration of opioid use disorder. In contrast, reduced volume in the right amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex were found that were related to opioid dose, onset of opioid consumption and state anxiety. These findings suggest that long-term opioid agonist treatment is related to structural changes in key brain regions underlying binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect and preoccupation/anticipation, suggesting sustained interaction between these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) Basel Switzerland
| | - Marc Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) Basel Switzerland
- Psychiatric Services of Thurgovia Psychiatric Hospital Münsterlingen Münsterlingen Switzerland
| | - Sophie Baumgartner
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) Basel Switzerland
| | - Gerhard A. Wiesbeck
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) Basel Switzerland
| | - Undine Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) Basel Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK) Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kashyap S, Majeed G, Bowen I, Beamer Y, Miulli D. Toxic Leukoencephalopathy due to Inhalational Heroin Abuse. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 23:542-544. [PMID: 33223675 PMCID: PMC7657301 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_446_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin-induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy (HSLE) is a rare condition that is strongly associated with heroin vapor inhalation which has become a popular method among heroin addicts because it poses a less immediate danger to the user and makes the drug much easier to use. We present a case of a 22-year-old male who presented with dysarthria and cerebellar symptoms starting, after 3 months of heroin inhalation. Diagnosis was confirmed to be HSLE after extensive diagnostic testing. HSLE is a rare complication of which the pathogenesis is poorly understood. Clinical history and characteristic findings on magnetic resonance imaging (diffuse, symmetric T2-hyperintensity, and diffusion restriction in frontal, parietal, occipital lobs, basal ganglia, and superior cerebellum) are diagnostic; however, care should be taken to exclude other etiologies. Treatment is primarily supportive; however, there is anecdotal evidence that coenzyme Q10 may be of benefit. The growing number of victims of the opioid crisis requires that physicians be aware of and counsel patients on the devastating neurological complications that can occur with abuse of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kashyap
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Gohar Majeed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ira Bowen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yancey Beamer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Dan Miulli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, Riverside, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cai Z, Zhu X, Zhang G, Wu F, Lin H, Tan M. Ammonia induces calpain-dependent cleavage of CRMP-2 during neurite degeneration in primary cultured neurons. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4354-4366. [PMID: 31278888 PMCID: PMC6660054 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia in the CNS induces irreversible damages to neurons due to ultimate cell loss. Neurite degeneration, a primary event that leads to neuronal cell death, remains less elucidated especially in hyperammonemia circumstances. Here, we found that the administration of ammonia induced neurite degeneration in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. The resulting altered neuronal morphology, rupture of neurites, and disassembly of the cytoskeleton led to cell death. Calcein and Fluo-4 staining revealed that ammonia induced intracellular calcium dysregulation. Subsequently activated calpain cleaved CRMP-2, a microtubule assembly protein. Pharmacologically inhibition of calpain, but not caspases or GSK-3, suppressed the cleavage of CRMP-2 and reversed neurite degeneration under ammonia treatment. Exposure to ammonia decreased whereas inhibition of calpain restored the amplitude and frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. These data suggest a mechanism by which elevated ammonia level may induce neuronal dysfunction via abnormal calcium influx and calpain-dependent CRMP-2 cleavage, leading to abnormal synaptic transmission, cytoskeletal collapse, and neurite degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengming Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang T, Zhang G, Liang Y, Cai Z, Liang Z, Lin H, Tan M. PlexinA3 Interacts with CRMP2 to Mediate Sema3A Signalling During Dendritic Growth in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Neuroscience 2020; 434:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
ROS-mediated JNK pathway critically contributes to PFOS-triggered apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 75:106821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
9
|
Gao YL, Zhang Y, Cao JP, Wu SB, Cai XH, Zhang YC, Zhang RJ, Song XG, Zhang LD. Regulation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Neuroprotective Effects of Acupuncture on Brain Injury Caused by Heroin Addiction. Acupunct Med 2018; 35:366-373. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response by acupuncture and to investigate its neuroprotective effect on brain injury caused by heroin addiction. Methods A total of 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a healthy control group (Control), an untreated heroin exposed group (Heroin) and a heroin exposed group receiving electroacupuncture (EA) treatment at GV14 and GV20 (Heroin+acupuncture) with n=16 rats per group. A rat model of heroin addiction was established by intramuscular injection of incremental doses of heroin for 8 consecutive days. A rat model of heroin relapse was established according to the exposure (addiction) → detoxification method. Apoptotic changes in nerve cells in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were evaluated in each group of rats using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, IRE1 and JNK gene expression and protein expression were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. Results The total number of positive nerve cells in the hippocampus and VTA was significantly lower in the Heroin+acupuncture group than in the Heroin group (p<0.01). Compared with the Heroin group, mRNA and protein expression of PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, IRE1 and JNK in the hippocampus and VTA were significantly downregulated in the Heroin+acupuncture group (p<0.05). Conclusion The acupuncture-regulated ERS response appears to mediate the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in heroin-addicted rats with brain injury. Inhibition of CHOP and JNK upregulation and reduction of nerve cell apoptosis may be the main mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on heroin addiction-induced brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Long Gao
- Clinical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedic, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiang-Peng Cao
- Clinical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedic, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin’ an Medicine Constructed by Anhui Province and Chinese Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xing-Hui Cai
- Clinical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedic, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan-Chun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rong-Jun Zhang
- Clinical College of Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ge Song
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li-Da Zhang
- Clinical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedic, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Chang S, Jing R, Yue W, Lu L, Chen D, Sun Y, Fan Y, Shi J. GABRA2 rs279858-linked variants are associated with disrupted structural connectome of reward circuits in heroin abusers. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:138. [PMID: 30061709 PMCID: PMC6066482 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reward system plays a vital role in drug addiction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural connectivity characteristics and driving-control subnetwork patterns of reward circuits in heroin abusers and assess the genetic modulation on the reward network. We first defined the reward network based on systematic literature review, and built the reward network based on diffusion tensor imaging data of 78 heroin abusers (HAs) and 79 healthy controls (HCs) using structural connectomics. Then we assessed genetic factors that might modulate changes in the reward network by performing imaging-genetic screening for 22 addiction-related polymorphisms. The genetic association was validated by performing genetic associations (1032 HAs and 2863 HCs) and expanded-variant analysis. Finally, we estimated the association between these genetic variations, reward network, and clinical performance. We found that HAs had widespread deficiencies in the structural connectivity of the reward circuit (center in VTA-linked connections), which correlated with cognition deficiency. The disruptions synchronously were shown on the reward driving system and reward control system. GABRA2 rs279858-linked variants might be a key genetic modulator for heroin vulnerability by affecting the connections of reward network and cognition. The role of the reward network connections that mediates the effects of rs279858 on cognition would be disrupted by heroin addiction. These findings provide new insights into the neurocircuitry and genetic mechanisms of addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Rixing Jing
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Sanshui addiction treatment hospital, 528100 Guangdong, China
| | - Yankun Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, 100191 Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, 100191 Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu M, Xu Y, Wang H, Shen Z, Xie Z, Chen F, Gao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Li X, Yu J, Luo H, Wang K. Heroin Abuse Results in Shifted RNA Expression to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Attenuation of TNFα Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9231. [PMID: 29915338 PMCID: PMC6006288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of heroin results in the induction of physical dependence, which is characterized as a behavioral state of compulsive drug seeking and a high rate of relapse even after periods of abstinence. However, few studies have been dedicated to characterization of the long-term alterations in heroin-dependent patients (HDPs). Herein, we examined the peripheral blood from 810 HDPs versus 500 healthy controls (HCs) according to the inclusion criteria. Compared with the control group, significant decreases of albumin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were identified in HDPs (P < 0.001) versus HCs coupled with an insignificant decrease in BMI. Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing analyses were performed on blood of 16 long-term HDPs and 25 HCs. The results showed that the TNFα signaling pathway and hematopoiesis related genes were inhibited in HDPs. We further compared the transcriptome data to those of SCA2 and posttraumatic stress disorder patients, identified neurodegenerative diseases related genes were commonly up-regulated in coupled with biological processes "vesicle transport", "mitochondria" and "splicing". Genes in the categories of "protein ubiquitination" were down-regulated indicating potential biochemical alterations shared by all three comparative to their controls. In summary, this is a leading study performing a series of through investigations and using delicate approaches. Results from this study would benefit the study of drug addiction overall and link long-term heroin abuse to neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongwen Shen
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhong Gao
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie W, Zhang Z, Song L, Huang C, Guo Z, Hu X, Bi S, Yu R. Cordyceps militaris Fraction induces apoptosis and G2/M Arrest via c-Jun N-Terminal kinase signaling pathway in oral squamous carcinoma KB Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:116-123. [PMID: 29576711 PMCID: PMC5858231 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_63_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cordyceps militaris fraction (CMF) has been shown to possess in vitro antitumor activity against human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells in our previous research. Materials and Methods: The in vitro inhibitory activities of CMF on the growth of KB cells were evaluated by viability assay. The apoptotic and cell cycle influences of CMF were detected by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and flow cytometry assay. The expression of different apoptosis-associated proteins and cell cycle regulatory proteins was examined by Western blot assay. The nuclear localization of c-Jun was observed by fluorescence staining. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effect of CMF as well as the mechanism underlying the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest it induces in KB cells. Results: CMF suppressed KB cells’ proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that CMF induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that CMF induced caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP cleavages, and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CMF also led to increased expression of p21, decreased expression of cyclin B1, mitotic phosphatase cdc25c, and mitotic kinase cdc2, as well as unchanged expression of p53. In addition, CMF stimulated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) protein phosphorylations, resulting in upregulated expression of c-Jun and nuclear localization of c-Jun. Pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 suppressed CMF-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest. Conclusions: CMF is capable of modulating c-Jun caspase and Bcl-2 family proteins through JNK-dependent apoptosis, which results in G2/M phase arrest in KB cells. CMF could be developed as a promising candidate for the new antitumor agents. SUMMARY CMF exhibited strong anticancer activity against oral squamous carcinoma KB cells CMF inhibited KB cells’ proliferation via induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest CMF activated JNK signaling pathway and promoted the nuclear localization of c-Jun CMF regulated the apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins in a manner dependent on JNK/c-Jun pathway.
Abbreviations used: CMF: Cordyceps militaris fraction; OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangshi Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China
| | - Xianjing Hu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixue Bi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China.,Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang G, Liu X, Wang W, Cai Y, Li S, Chen Q, Liao M, Zhang M, Zeng G, Zhou B, Feng CG, Chen X. Down-regulation of miR-20a-5p triggers cell apoptosis to facilitate mycobacterial clearance through targeting JNK2 in human macrophages. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2527-38. [PMID: 27494776 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1215386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of cell apoptosis is one of the major host defense mechanisms through which macrophages control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage apoptosis triggered by Mtb infection are still largely unknown. In this study, a microarray profiling survey revealed 14 miRNAs were down-regulated in CD14+ monocytes from active pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and only the reduction of miR-20a-5p could be reversed after successful anti-tuberculosis treatment. Validation of miR-20a-5p expression was confirmed using real time qPCR. Moreover, miR-20a-5p expression also decreased in differentiated THP-1 macrophages after mycobacterial infection in vitro. Functional assays through forced or inhibited expression of miR-20a-5p in THP-1 macrophages demonstrated that miR-20a-5p functioned as a negative regulator of mycobacterial-triggered apoptosis. Importantly, inhibition of miR-20a-5p expression resulted in more efficient mycobacterial clearance from infected THP-1 macrophages while miR-20a-5p overexpression promoted mycobacterial survival. Mechanistically, miR-20a-5p was demonstrated to regulate Bim expression in a JNK2-dependent manner, unlike Bcl2, and luciferase assay showed JNK2 was a novel direct target of miR-20a-5p. Together, our findings indicate that downregulation of miR-20a-5p triggers macrophage apoptosis as a novel mechanism for host defense against mycobacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China.,b Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology , Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Xi Liu
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Yi Cai
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Shaoyuan Li
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Qi Chen
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Mingfeng Liao
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- d Department of Microbiology , Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Boping Zhou
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Carl G Feng
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China.,b Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology , Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Xinchun Chen
- a Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis & Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Lab of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University , Shenzhen , China.,e Department of Pathogen , Shenzhen University School of Medicine , Shenzhen , China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu X, Yang T, Liu X, Guo JN, Xie T, Ding Y, Lin M, Yang H. IL-17 promotes tumor angiogenesis through Stat3 pathway mediated upregulation of VEGF in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015. [PMID: 26566627 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the world's second most common malignancy and is a major threat to global health. IL-17, a CD4 T cell-derived mediator of angiogenesis, plays a major role in stimulating angiogenesis by regulating the production of a variety of proangiogenic factors, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The level of VEGF expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis in gastric cancer tissues. Abnormal activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) rendered the tumor cells highly angiogenic, which is manifested by an increased microvascular density (MVD) and considered it as a potential molecular marker for poor prognosis in gastric cancer angiogenesis. We determined that IL-17A-induced VEGF upregulation and neovascularization through a Stat3-mediated signaling pathway and hypothesized that blocking the Stat3 activation by using JSI-124, an inhibitor of phosphorylated Stat3, could significantly reduce the VEGF expression and can thus prevent angiogenesis. We showed an inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor progression when JSI-124 was treated with IL-17A in the cells and xenografts in an animal model and suggested that targeting the Stat pathway with JSI-124 could derive an effective therapeutic target for gastric cancers and could be a promising drug in gastric cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Jia Nian Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Yuanwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Manpeng Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu X, Yang T, Liu X, Guo JN, Xie T, Ding Y, Lin M, Yang H. IL-17 promotes tumor angiogenesis through Stat3 pathway mediated upregulation of VEGF in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5493-501. [PMID: 26566627 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the world's second most common malignancy and is a major threat to global health. IL-17, a CD4 T cell-derived mediator of angiogenesis, plays a major role in stimulating angiogenesis by regulating the production of a variety of proangiogenic factors, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The level of VEGF expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis in gastric cancer tissues. Abnormal activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) rendered the tumor cells highly angiogenic, which is manifested by an increased microvascular density (MVD) and considered it as a potential molecular marker for poor prognosis in gastric cancer angiogenesis. We determined that IL-17A-induced VEGF upregulation and neovascularization through a Stat3-mediated signaling pathway and hypothesized that blocking the Stat3 activation by using JSI-124, an inhibitor of phosphorylated Stat3, could significantly reduce the VEGF expression and can thus prevent angiogenesis. We showed an inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor progression when JSI-124 was treated with IL-17A in the cells and xenografts in an animal model and suggested that targeting the Stat pathway with JSI-124 could derive an effective therapeutic target for gastric cancers and could be a promising drug in gastric cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Jia Nian Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Yuanwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Manpeng Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
CRMP4 and CRMP2 Interact to Coordinate Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Regulating Growth Cone Development and Axon Elongation. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:947423. [PMID: 26064693 PMCID: PMC4442009 DOI: 10.1155/2015/947423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton dynamics are critical phenomena that underpin many fundamental cellular processes. Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are highly expressed in the developing nervous system, mediating growth cone guidance, neuronal polarity, and axonal elongation. However, whether and how CRMPs associate with microtubules and actin coordinated cytoskeletal dynamics remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that CRMP2 and CRMP4 interacted with tubulin and actin in vitro and colocalized with the cytoskeleton in the transition-zone in developing growth cones. CRMP2 and CRMP4 also interacted with one another coordinately to promote growth cone development and axonal elongation. Genetic silencing of CRMP2 enhanced, whereas overexpression of CRMP2 suppressed, the inhibitory effects of CRMP4 knockdown on axonal development. In addition, knockdown of CRMP2 or overexpression of truncated CRMP2 reversed the promoting effect of CRMP4. With the overexpression of truncated CRMP2 or CRMP4 lacking the cytoskeleton interaction domain, the promoting effect of CRMP was suppressed. These data suggest a model in which CRMP2 and CRMP4 form complexes to bridge microtubules and actin and thus work cooperatively to regulate growth cone development and axonal elongation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu P, Li M, Bai Y, Lu W, Ling X, Li W. The effects of piracetam on heroin-induced CPP and neuronal apoptosis in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 150:141-6. [PMID: 25801591 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piracetam is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor that has been used in the treatment of cognitive disorders for decades. Recent surveys and drug analyses have demonstrated that a heroin mixture adulterated with piracetam has spread rapidly in heroin addicts in China, but its addictive properties and the damage it causes to the central neural system are currently unknown. METHODS The effect of piracetam on the reward properties of heroin was assessed by conditioned place preference (CPP). Electron microscopy and radioimmunoassay were used to compare the effects of heroin mixed with equivalent piracetam (HP) and heroin alone on neuronal apoptosis and the levels of beta-endorphin (β-EP) in different brain subregions within the corticolimbic system, respectively. RESULTS Piracetam significantly enhanced heroin-induced CPP expression while piracetam itself didn't induce CPP. Morphological observations showed that HP-treated rats had less neuronal apoptosis than heroin-treated group. Interestingly, HP normalized the levels of β-EP in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and core of the nucleus accumbens (AcbC) subregions, in where heroin-treated rats showed decreased levels of β-EP. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that piracetam potentiate the heroin-induced CPP and protect neurons from heroin-induced apoptosis. The protective role of HP might be related to the restoration of β-EP levels by piracetam. Our findings may provide a potential interpretation for the growing trend of HP abuse in addicts in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Min Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yanping Bai
- Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pu H, Wang X, Su L, Ma C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Li X, Wang H, Liu X, Zhang J. Heroin activates ATF3 and CytC via c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways to mediate neuronal apoptosis. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2015; 21:53-62. [PMID: 25848832 PMCID: PMC4400970 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.893827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug abuse and addiction has become a major public health problem that impacts all societies. The use of heroin may cause spongiform leukoencephalopathy (SLE). Material/Methods Cerebellar granule cells were derived from 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Neurons were dissociated from freshly dissected cerebella by mechanical disruption in the presence of 0.125% trypsin and DNaseI and then seeded at a density of 4×106 cells/ml in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/nutrient mixture F-12 ham’s containing 10% fetal bovine serum and Arc-C(sigma) at concentrations to inhibit glial cell growth inoculated into 6-well plates and a small dish. Results We found that heroin induces the apoptosis of primary cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGCS) and that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was activated under heroin treatment and stimulated obvious increases in the levels of C-jun, Cytc, and ATF3mRNA. CYTC and ATF3 were identified as candidate targets of the JNK/c-Jun pathway in this process because the specificity inhibitors SP600125 of JNK/C-jun pathways reduced the levels of C-jun, Cytc, and ATF3mRNA. The results suggested that SP600125 of JNK/C-jun can inhibit heroin-induced apoptosis of neurons. Conclusions The present study analyzes our understanding of the critical role of the JNK pathway in the process of neuronal apoptosis induced by heroin, and suggests a new and effective strategy to treat SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Pu
- Department of Science and Research Education Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Su
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Chuang Ma
- Department of Micro-Reconstructive Surgery of Orthopedics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of International Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- Department of Forensic Science, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xylazine as a drug of abuse and its effects on the generation of reactive species and DNA damage on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Toxicol 2014; 2014:492609. [PMID: 25435874 PMCID: PMC4243599 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human xylazine (XYL) abuse among addicts has received great interest due to its potential toxic effects upon addicts and the need to understand the mechanism of action associated with the potential health effects. XYL is an alpha-2 agonist restricted to veterinarian applications, without human medical applications. Our previous work demonstrated that XYL and its combination with cocaine (COC) and/or 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) induce cell death through an apoptotic mechanism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of xylazine on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as well as DNA damage on endothelial cell. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with XYL (60 μM), COC (160 μM), 6-MAM (160 μM), camptothecin (positive control, 50 μM), XYL/COC (50 μM), XYL/6-MAM (50 μM), and XYL/COC/6-MAM (40 μM) for a period of 24 hours. Generation of intracellular ROS, RNS, and DNA fragmentation were analyzed using a fluorometric assay. Results reveal that XYL and 6-MAM increase levels of ROS; no induction of RNS production was observed. The combination of these drugs shows significant increase in DNA fragmentation in G2/M phase, while XYL, COC, and 6-MAM, without combination, present higher DNA fragmentation in G0/G1 phase. These findings support that these drugs and their combination alter important biochemical events aligned with an apoptotic mechanism of action in HUVEC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen K, Zhang W, Chen J, Li S, Guo G. Rho-associated protein kinase modulates neurite extension by regulating microtubule remodeling and vinculin distribution. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:3027-35. [PMID: 25206623 PMCID: PMC4146208 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.32.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase is an essential regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics during the process of neurite extension. However, whether Rho kinase regulates microtubule remodeling or the distribution of adhesive proteins to mediate neurite outgrowth remains unclear. By specifically modulating Rho kinase activity with pharmacological agents, we studied the morpho-dynamics of neurite outgrowth. We found that lysophosphatidic acid, an activator of Rho kinase, inhibited neurite outgrowth, which could be reversed by Y-27632, an inhibitor of Rho kinase. Meanwhile, reorganization of microtubules was noticed during these processes, as indicated by their significant changes in the soma and growth cone. In addition, exposure to lysophosphatidic acid led to a decreased membrane distribution of vinculin, a focal adhesion protein in neurons, whereas Y-27632 recruited vinculin to the membrane. Taken together, our data suggest that Rho kinase regulates rat hippocampal neurite growth and microtubule formation via a mechanism associated with the redistribution of vinculin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke'en Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bernstein HG, Trübner K, Krebs P, Dobrowolny H, Bielau H, Steiner J, Bogerts B. Increased densities of nitric oxide synthase expressing neurons in the temporal cortex and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of polytoxicomanic heroin overdose victims: possible implications for heroin neurotoxicity. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:182-90. [PMID: 23953641 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heroin is one of the most dangerous drugs of abuse, which may exert various neurotoxic actions on the brain (such as gray matter loss, neuronal apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic defects, depression of adult neurogenensis, as well as development of spongiform leucoencephalopathy). Some of these toxic effects are probably mediated by the gas nitric oxide (NO). We studied by morphometric analysis the numerical density of neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in cortical and hypothalamic areas of eight heroin overdose victims and nine matched controls. Heroin addicts showed significantly increased numerical densities of nNOS immunoreactive cells in the right temporal cortex and the left paraventricular nucleus. Remarkably, in heroin abusers, but not in controls, we observed not only immunostained interneurons, but also cortical pyramidal cells. Given that increased cellular expression of nNOS was accompanied by elevated NO generation in brains of heroin addicts, these elevated levels of NO might have contributed to some of the known toxic effects of heroin (for example, reduced adult neurogenesis, mitochondrial pathology or disturbances in synaptic functioning).
Collapse
|