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Geigenmüller JN, Tari AR, Wisloff U, Walker TL. The relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39166771 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood in the hippocampus and contributes to specific cognitive functions. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the hippocampus is affected by pathology and functional impairment early in the disease. Human AD patients have reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) levels compared to age-matched healthy controls. Similarly, rodent AD models show a decrease in AHN before the onset of the classical hallmarks of AD pathology. Conversely, enhancement of AHN can protect against AD pathology and ameliorate memory deficits in both rodents and humans. Therefore, impaired AHN may be a contributing factor of AD-associated cognitive decline, rather than an effect of it. In this review we outline the regulation and function of AHN in healthy individuals, and highlight the relationship between AHN dysfunction and cognitive impairments in AD. The existence of AHN in humans and its relevance in AD patients will also be discussed, with an outlook toward future research directions. HIGHLIGHTS: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in the brains of mammals including humans. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in Alzheimer's disease in humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atefe R Tari
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- The Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tara L Walker
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Baset A, Huang F. Shedding light on subiculum's role in human brain disorders. Brain Res Bull 2024; 214:110993. [PMID: 38825254 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Subiculum is a pivotal output component of the hippocampal formation, a structure often overlooked in neuroscientific research. Here, this review aims to explore the role of the subiculum in various brain disorders, shedding light on its significance within the functional-neuroanatomical perspective on neurological diseases. The subiculum's involvement in multiple brain disorders was thoroughly examined. In Alzheimer's disease, subiculum alterations precede cognitive decline, while in epilepsy, the subiculum plays a critical role in seizure initiation. Stress involves the subiculum's impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Moreover, the subiculum exhibits structural and functional changes in anxiety, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease, contributing to cognitive deficits. Bipolar disorder is linked to subiculum structural abnormalities, while autism spectrum disorder reveals an alteration of inward deformation in the subiculum. Lastly, frontotemporal dementia shows volumetric differences in the subiculum, emphasizing its contribution to the disorder's complexity. Taken together, this review consolidates existing knowledge on the subiculum's role in brain disorders, and may facilitate future research, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic interventions for various neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Baset
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Fengwen Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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3
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Xia Y, Dore V, Fripp J, Bourgeat P, Laws SM, Fowler CJ, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN, Rowe C, Masters CL, Coulson EJ, Maruff P. Association of Basal Forebrain Atrophy With Cognitive Decline in Early Alzheimer Disease. Neurology 2024; 103:e209626. [PMID: 38885444 PMCID: PMC11254448 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In early Alzheimer disease (AD), β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is associated with volume loss in the basal forebrain (BF) and cognitive decline. However, the extent to which Aβ-related BF atrophy manifests as cognitive decline is not understood. This study sought to characterize the relationship between BF atrophy and the decline in memory and attention in patients with early AD. METHODS Participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study who completed Aβ-PET imaging and repeated MRI and cognitive assessments were included. At baseline, participants were classified based on their clinical dementia stage and Aβ status, yielding groups that were cognitively unimpaired (CU) Aβ-, CU Aβ+, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Aβ+. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess changes in volumetric measures of BF subregions and the hippocampus and changes in AIBL memory and attention composite scores for each group compared with CU Aβ- participants. Associations between Aβ burden, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline were evaluated and explored further using mediation analyses. RESULTS The cohort included 476 participants (72.6 ± 5.9 years, 55.0% female) with longitudinal data from a median follow-up period of 6.1 years. Compared with the CU Aβ- group (n = 308), both CU Aβ+ (n = 107) and MCI Aβ+ (n = 61) adults showed faster decline in BF and hippocampal volumes and in memory and attention (Cohen d = 0.73-1.74). Rates of atrophy in BF subregions and the hippocampus correlated with cognitive decline, and each individually mediated the impact of Aβ burden on memory and attention decline. When all mediators were considered simultaneously, hippocampal atrophy primarily influenced the effect of Aβ burden on memory decline (β [SE] = -0.139 [0.032], proportion mediated [PM] = 28.0%) while the atrophy of the posterior nucleus basalis of Meynert in the BF (β [SE] = -0.068 [0.029], PM = 13.1%) and hippocampus (β [SE] = -0.121 [0.033], PM = 23.4%) distinctively influenced Aβ-related attention decline. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the significant role of BF atrophy in the complex pathway linking Aβ to cognitive impairment in early stages of AD. Volumetric assessment of BF subregions could be essential in elucidating the relationships between the brain structure and behavior in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vincent Dore
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Rowe
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Coulson
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- From the The Australian e-Health Research Centre (Y.X., V.D., J.F., P.B.), CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (V.D., C.R.), Austin Health, Melbourne; Centre for Precision Health (S.M.L.), Edith Cowan University; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group (S.M.L.), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Curtin Medical School (S.M.L.), Curtin University, Bentley; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.J.F., C.R., C.L.M., P.M.), The University of Melbourne; Centre for Healthy Ageing (S.R.R.-S.), Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; School of Psychological Science (S.R.R.-S.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.R.R.-S., R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.N.M.), Macquarie University, Sydney; Queensland Brain Institute (E.J.C.), and School of Biomedical Sciences (E.J.C.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
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Chartampila E, Elayouby KS, Leary P, LaFrancois JJ, Alcantara-Gonzalez D, Jain S, Gerencer K, Botterill JJ, Ginsberg SD, Scharfman HE. Choline supplementation in early life improves and low levels of choline can impair outcomes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. eLife 2024; 12:RP89889. [PMID: 38904658 PMCID: PMC11192536 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) improves cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, the effects of MCS on neuronal hyperexcitability in AD are unknown. We investigated the effects of MCS in a well-established mouse model of AD with hyperexcitability, the Tg2576 mouse. The most common type of hyperexcitability in Tg2576 mice are generalized EEG spikes (interictal spikes [IIS]). IIS also are common in other mouse models and occur in AD patients. In mouse models, hyperexcitability is also reflected by elevated expression of the transcription factor ∆FosB in the granule cells (GCs) of the dentate gyrus (DG), which are the principal cell type. Therefore, we studied ΔFosB expression in GCs. We also studied the neuronal marker NeuN within hilar neurons of the DG because reduced NeuN protein expression is a sign of oxidative stress or other pathology. This is potentially important because hilar neurons regulate GC excitability. Tg2576 breeding pairs received a diet with a relatively low, intermediate, or high concentration of choline. After weaning, all mice received the intermediate diet. In offspring of mice fed the high choline diet, IIS frequency declined, GC ∆FosB expression was reduced, and hilar NeuN expression was restored. Using the novel object location task, spatial memory improved. In contrast, offspring exposed to the relatively low choline diet had several adverse effects, such as increased mortality. They had the weakest hilar NeuN immunoreactivity and greatest GC ΔFosB protein expression. However, their IIS frequency was low, which was surprising. The results provide new evidence that a diet high in choline in early life can improve outcomes in a mouse model of AD, and relatively low choline can have mixed effects. This is the first study showing that dietary choline can regulate hyperexcitability, hilar neurons, ΔFosB, and spatial memory in an animal model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissavet Chartampila
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
| | - Karim S Elayouby
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
| | - Paige Leary
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - John J LaFrancois
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - David Alcantara-Gonzalez
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Swati Jain
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
| | - Kasey Gerencer
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
| | - Justin J Botterill
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
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He W, Shi X, Dong Z. The roles of RACK1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:137-148. [PMID: 38410996 PMCID: PMC11001590 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20220259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a protein that plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways and is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disease. RACK1 is highly expressed in neuronal cells of the central nervous system and regulates the pathogenesis of AD. Specifically, RACK1 is involved in regulation of the amyloid-β precursor protein processing through α- or β-secretase by binding to different protein kinase C isoforms. Additionally, RACK1 promotes synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity by inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and activating gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors, thereby preventing neuronal excitotoxicity. RACK1 also assembles inflammasomes that are involved in various neuroinflammatory pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 pathways. The potential to design therapeutics that block amyloid-β accumulation and inflammation or precisely regulate synaptic plasticity represents an attractive therapeutic strategy, in which RACK1 is a potential target. In this review, we summarize the contribution of RACK1 to the pathogenesis of AD and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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Abdullahi A, Wong TW, Ng SS. Understanding the mechanisms of disease modifying effects of aerobic exercise in people with Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102202. [PMID: 38272266 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very disabling disease. Pathologically, it is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that results in neurodegeneration. Its clinical manifestations include progressive memory impairment, language decline and difficulty in carrying out activities of daily living (ADL). The disease is managed using interventions such as pharmacological interventions and aerobic exercise. Use of aerobic exercise has shown some promises in reducing the risk of developing AD, and improving cognitive function and the ability to carry out both basic and instrumental ADL. Although, the mechanisms through which aerobic exercise improves AD are poorly understood, improvement in vascular function, brain glucose metabolism and cardiorespiratory fitness, increase in antioxidant capacity and haemoglobin level, amelioration of immune-related and inflammatory responses, modulation of concentration of circulating Neurotrophins and peptides and decrease in concentration of tau protein and cortisol level among others seem to be the possible mechanisms. Therefore, understanding these mechanisms is important to help characterize the dose and the nature of the aerobic exercise to be given. In addition, they may also help in finding ways to optimize other interventions such as the pharmacological interventions. However, more quality studies are needed to verify the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwal Abdullahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomson Wl Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shamay Sm Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Chen M, Chen H, Mi S, Wang C, Zuo H, Song L, Du J, Cui H, Li S. Testosterone reduces hippocampal synaptic damage in an androgen receptor-independent manner. J Endocrinol 2024; 260:e230114. [PMID: 37991884 PMCID: PMC10762536 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related reduction in androgen levels may be a possible risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and contribute to cognitive impairment. Androgens may affect synaptic function and cognition in an androgen receptor (AR)-independent manner; however, the mechanisms connecting theses effects are unknown. Therefore, we used testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) male mice, a model with AR mutation, to test the effects of testosterone on synaptic function and cognition. Our results showed that testosterone ameliorated spatial memory deficit and neuronal damage, and increased dendritic spines density and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1) expression in the hippocampus of Tfm male mice. And these effects of testosterone were not inhibited by anastrozole, which suppressed conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Mechanistically, testosterone activated the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of Tfm male mice. Meanwhile, Erk1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 blocked the upregulation of phospho-CREB, PSD95, and GluA1 induced by testosterone in HT22 cells pretreated with flutamide, an androgen antagonist. Collectively, our data indicate that testosterone may ameliorate hippocampal synaptic damage and spatial memory deficit by activating the Erk1/2-CREB signaling pathway in an AR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Meiqin Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shixiong Mi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongchun Zuo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Leigang Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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8
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Scheinman SB, Tseng KY, Alford S, Tai LM. Higher Neuronal Facilitation and Potentiation with APOE4 Suppressed by Angiotensin II. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:120-131. [PMID: 37589833 PMCID: PMC10843153 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Progressive hippocampal degeneration is a key component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Therefore, identifying how hippocampal neuronal function is modulated early in AD is an important approach to eventually prevent degeneration. AD-risk factors and signaling molecules likely modulate neuronal function, including APOE genotype and angiotensin II. Compared to APOE3, APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold, and high levels of angiotensin II are hypothesized to disrupt neuronal function in AD. However, the extent that APOE and angiotensin II modulates the hippocampal neuronal phenotype in AD-relevant models is unknown. To address this issue, we used electrophysiological techniques to assess the impact of APOE genotype and angiotensin II on basal synaptic transmission, presynaptic, and post-synaptic activity in mice that express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD) and overproduce Aβ. We found that compared to E3FAD mice, E4FAD mice have lower synaptic activity, but higher levels of paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer Collateral Commissural Pathway (SCCP) of the hippocampus. We also found that exogenous angiotensin II has a profound inhibitory effect on hippocampal LTP in both E3FAD and E4FAD mice. Collectively, our data suggests that APOE4 and Aβ are associated with a hippocampal phenotype comprised of lower basal activity and higher responses to high-frequency stimulation, the latter of which is suppressed by angiotensin II. These novel data suggest a potential mechanistic link between hippocampal activity, APOE4 genotype, and angiotensin II in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Scheinman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Simon Alford
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St. Rm 578 MC 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Zhang J, Xie L, Cheng C, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Hu J, Yu H, Xu J. Hippocampal subfield volumes in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:778-793. [PMID: 37768441 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a complex structure that consists of several subfields with distinct and specialized functions. Although numerous studies have been performed to explore hippocampal atrophy at the sub-regional level in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the results have been inconsistent especially for whether and which subfields can be served as the most potential biomarkers in MCI and AD. Herein, we used a meta-analytic approach to synthesize the extant literatures on hippocampal subfields in MCI and AD through PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase (PROSPERO CRD42021257586). As a result, a total of twenty studies using Freesurfer 5 and Freesurfer 6 were included in this investigation. These studies revealed that at the sub-regional level, hippocampal subfield volume reductions in MCI and AD were not restricted to specific subfields, and subiculum and presubiculum had the largest z-scores across most comparisons. However, none of the subfield performed much better in discriminating MCI and HC, AD and MCI, AD and HC as compared to whole hippocampus volume. These results suggested that we should explore the changes in the hippocampal subfields in subtypes of MCI or even at an earlier stage, that is subjective cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Zhang
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Changjiang Cheng
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingting Hu
- College of Creative Design, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Jinping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Mahady L, Perez SE, Malek-Ahmadi M, Mufson EJ. Oligomeric, phosphorylated, and truncated tau and spliceosome pathology within the entorhinal-hippocampal connectome across stages of Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:2080-2108. [PMID: 36989381 PMCID: PMC10539478 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) contain abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins, which spread within components of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory circuit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we used quantitative immunohistochemistry to determine the density of posttranslational oligomeric (TOC1 and TNT1), phosphorylated (AT8), and late truncated (TauC3) tau epitopes within the MTL subfields including entorhinal cortex (EC) layer II, subiculum, Cornu Ammonis (CA) subfields, and dentate gyrus (DG) in subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. We also examined whether alterations of the nuclear alternative splicing protein, SRSF2, are associated with tau pathology. Although a significant increase in TOC1, TNT1, and AT8 neuron density occurred in the EC in MCI and AD, subicular, DG granule cell, and CA1 and CA3 densities were only significantly higher in AD. TauC3 counts were not different between connectome regions and clinical groups. SRSF2 intensity in AT8-positive cells decreased significantly in all regions independent of the clinical groups examined. CA1 and subicular AT8, TauC3, and oligomeric densities correlated across clinical groups. EC AT8 counts correlated with CA subfields and subicular and DG values across clinical groups. Oligomeric and AT8 CA1, EC, and subicular density correlated with Braak stage. Decreased nuclear SRSF2 in the presence of cytoplasmic phosphorylated tau suggests a dual-hit process in NFT formation within the entorhinal hippocampal connectome during the onset of AD. Although oligomeric and phosphorylated tau follow a stereotypical pattern, clinical disease stage determined density of tau deposition and not anatomic location within the entorhinal-hippocampal connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mahady
- Dept. of Translational Neuroscience, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Dept. of Translational Neuroscience, Phoenix, AZ
- Dept. of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013
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11
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Liu N, Li J, Gao K, Perszyk RE, Zhang J, Wang J, Wu Y, Jenkins A, Yuan H, Traynelis SF, Jiang Y. De novo CLPTM1 variants with reduced GABA A R current response in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2023; 64:2968-2981. [PMID: 37577761 PMCID: PMC10840799 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features and potential pathogenesis mechanism of de novo CLPTM1 variants associated with epilepsy. METHODS Identify de novo genetic variants associated with epilepsy by reanalyzing trio-based whole-exome sequencing data. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with these variants and performed functional in vitro studies in cells expressing mutant complementary DNA for these variants using whole-cell voltage-clamp current recordings and outside-out patch-clamp recordings from transiently transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. RESULTS Two de novo missense variants related to epilepsy were identified in the CLPTM1 gene. Functional studies indicated that CLPTM1-p.R454H and CLPTM1-p.R568Q variants reduced the γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAA R) current response amplitude recorded under voltage clamp compared to the wild-type receptors. These variants also reduced the charge transfer and altered the time course of desensitization and deactivation following rapid removal of GABA. The surface expression of the GABAA R γ2 subunit from the CLPTM1-p.R568Q group was significantly reduced compared to CLPTM1-WT. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of functionally relevant variants within the CLPTM1 gene. Patch-clamp recordings showed that these de novo CLPTM1 variants reduce GABAA R currents and charge transfer, which should promote excitation and hypersynchronous activity. This study may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of the CLPTM1 variants underlying the patients' phenotypes, as well as for exploring potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Children Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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12
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Gautier MK, Kelley CM, Lee SH, Alldred MJ, McDaid J, Mufson EJ, Stutzmann GE, Ginsberg SD. Maternal choline supplementation protects against age-associated cholinergic and GABAergic basal forebrain neuron degeneration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106332. [PMID: 37890559 PMCID: PMC10752300 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by triplication of human chromosome 21. In addition to intellectual disability, DS is defined by a premature aging phenotype and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including septohippocampal circuit vulnerability and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs). The Ts65Dn mouse model recapitulates key aspects of DS/AD pathology, namely age-associated atrophy of BFCNs and cognitive decline in septohippocampal-dependent behavioral tasks. We investigated whether maternal choline supplementation (MCS), a well-tolerated treatment modality, protects vulnerable BFCNs from age- and genotype-associated degeneration in trisomic offspring. We also examined the effect of trisomy, and MCS, on GABAergic basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons (BFPNs), an unexplored neuronal population in this DS model. Unbiased stereological analyses of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive BFCNs and parvalbumin-immunoreactive BFPNs were conducted using confocal z-stacks of the medial septal nucleus and the vertical limb of the diagonal band (MSN/VDB) in Ts65Dn mice and disomic (2N) littermates at 3-4 and 10-12 months of age. MCS trisomic offspring displayed significant increases in ChAT-immunoreactive neuron number and density compared to unsupplemented counterparts, as well as increases in the area of the MSN/VDB occupied by ChAT-immunoreactive neuropil. MCS also rescued BFPN number and density in Ts65Dn offspring, a novel rescue of a non-cholinergic cell population. Furthermore, MCS prevented age-associated loss of BFCNs and MSN/VDB regional area in 2N offspring, indicating genotype-independent neuroprotective benefits. These findings demonstrate MCS provides neuroprotection of vulnerable BFCNs and non-cholinergic septohippocampal BFPNs, indicating this modality has translational value as an early life therapy for DS, as well as extending benefits to the aging population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Gautier
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Pathobiology and Translational Medicine Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christy M Kelley
- Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Institute for Future Health, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John McDaid
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Departments of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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ÖZSOY Ş, ÇAKIR Z, AKÇAY E, GEVREK F. Effects of thymoquinone and memantine alone and in combination on memory and hippocampal morphology in rats with streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:894-901. [PMID: 38031940 PMCID: PMC10760553 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Thymoquinone (TQ) has broad biological functions, including antiinflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective properties. Memantine (MEM) is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe AD. We aimed to evaluate the effect of TQ alone or in combination with MEM on memory and hippocampal morphology in an STZ-induced rat AD model. METHODS Thirty male rats were included in this study. The AD model was created by giving ICV STZ. The rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6 each). Group 1 (control group): The rats received only ICV-STZ 3 mg/kg for 2 weeks. Group 2 (sham group): In addition to ICV STZ, 9% NaCl, 1 mL/day i.p. for 2 weeks of injection, was applied. Group 3 (TQ group): In addition to ICV STZ, rats received TQ 10 mg/kg i.p. for 2 weeks. Group 4 (MEM group): In addition to ICV STZ, rats were given MEM at a dose of 5 mg/kg for two weeks. Group 5 (TQ+MEM group): In addition to ICV STZ, this group was given TQ (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and MEM (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 2 weeks. On the 15th day, passive avoidance learning (PAL) was applied to all groups. Then, rats were sacrificed, neurons in the hippocampal CA1, CA2, CA3 regions were evaluated. RESULTS Groups 3, 4, 5 had longer latency periods than groups 1 and 2. The neuron density in the CA1, CA2, CA3 regions had decreased in groups 1 and 2 compared to groups 3, 4, 5. There were significantly more neurons in groups 3, 4, 5 than in groups 1 and 2. DISCUSSION We found that TQ alone and in combination with MEM showed ameliorative effects on memory and hippocampal morphology. TQ may offer a promising treatment strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma ÖZSOY
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat,
Turkiye
| | - Ziya ÇAKIR
- Department of Oral and Dental Health, Faculty of Health Services Vocational School, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat,
Turkiye
| | - Elif AKÇAY
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat,
Turkiye
| | - Fikret GEVREK
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat,
Turkiye
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14
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Lopes CR, Silva AC, Silva HB, Canas PM, Agostinho P, Cunha RA, Lopes JP. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Up-Regulation Pre-Dates Deficits of Synaptic Plasticity and of Memory in Mice Exposed to Aβ 1-42 to Model Early Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1173. [PMID: 37627238 PMCID: PMC10452250 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of amyloid peptides (Aβ) models Alzheimer's disease (AD) in mice, as typified by the onset within 15 days of deficits of memory and of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) that are prevented by the blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). Since A2AR overfunction is sufficient to trigger memory deficits, we tested if A2AR were upregulated in hippocampal synapses before the onset of memory deficits to support the hypothesis that A2AR overfunction could be a trigger of AD. Six to eight days after Aβ-icv injection, mice displayed no alterations of hippocampal dependent memory; however, they presented an increased excitability of hippocampal synapses, a slight increase in LTP magnitude in Schaffer fiber-CA1 pyramid synapses and an increased density of A2AR in hippocampal synapses. A2AR blockade with SCH58261 (50 nM) normalized excitability and LTP in hippocampal slices from mice sacrificed 7-8 days after Aβ-icv injection. Fifteen days after Aβ-icv injection, mice displayed evident deficits of hippocampal-dependent memory deterioration, with reduced hippocampal CA1 LTP but no hyperexcitability and a sustained increase in synaptic A2AR, which blockade restored LTP magnitude. This shows that the upregulation of synaptic A2AR precedes the onset of deterioration of memory and of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, supporting the hypothesis that the overfunction of synaptic A2AR could be a trigger of memory deterioration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R. Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.R.L.); (A.C.S.); (H.B.S.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.); (J.P.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António C. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.R.L.); (A.C.S.); (H.B.S.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Henrique B. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.R.L.); (A.C.S.); (H.B.S.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.R.L.); (A.C.S.); (H.B.S.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.R.L.); (A.C.S.); (H.B.S.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.); (J.P.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.R.L.); (A.C.S.); (H.B.S.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.); (J.P.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.R.L.); (A.C.S.); (H.B.S.); (P.M.C.); (P.A.); (J.P.L.)
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15
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Paidi RK, Raha S, Roy A, Pahan K. Muscle-building supplement β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate binds to PPARα to improve hippocampal functions in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112717. [PMID: 37437568 PMCID: PMC10440158 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study underlines the importance of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a muscle-building supplement in human, in increasing mouse hippocampal plasticity. Detailed proteomic analyses reveal that HMB serves as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a nuclear hormone receptor involved in fat metabolism, via interaction with the Y314 residue. Accordingly, HMB is ineffective in increasing plasticity of PPARα-/- hippocampal neurons. While lentiviral establishment of full-length PPARα restores the plasticity-promoting effect of HMB in PPARα-/- hippocampal neurons, lentiviral transduction of Y314D-PPARα remains unable to do that, highlighting the importance of HMB's interaction with the Y314 residue. Additionally, oral HMB improves spatial learning and memory and reduces plaque load in 5X familial Alzheimer's disease (5XFAD) mice, but not in 5XFADΔPPARα mice (5XFAD lacking PPARα), indicating the involvement of PPARα in HMB-mediated neuroprotection in 5XFAD mice. These results delineate neuroprotective functions of HMB and suggest that this widely used supplement may be repurposed for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh K Paidi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Simmaron Research Institute, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Rastogi V, Jain A, Kumar P, Yadav P, Porwal M, Chaturvedi S, Chandra P, Verma A. A critical review on the role of nanotheranostics mediated approaches for targeting β amyloid in Alzheimer's. J Drug Target 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37459647 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2238250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's is one of the most common neurodegenerative illnesses that affect brain cellular function. In this disease, the neurons in the brain are considered to be decaying steadily but consistently by the accumulation of amyloid mass, particularly the β-amyloids, amyloid proteins, and Tau proteins. The most responsible amyloid-proteins are amyloid-40 and amyloid-42, which have a high probability of accumulating in excess over the brain cell, interfering with normal brain cell function and triggering brain cell death. The advancement of pharmaceutical sciences leads to the development of Nanotheranostics technology, which may be used to diagnose and treat Alzheimer's. They are the colloidal nanoparticles functionalised with the therapeutic moiety as well as a diagnostic moiety. This article discusses the prognosis of Alzheimer's, various nanotheranostics approaches (nanoparticles, quantum dots, aptamers, dendrimers, etc), and their recent advancement in managing Alzheimer's. Also, various in-vitro and in-vivo diagnostic methodologies were discussed with respect to nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Rastogi
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Anjali Jain
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Mayur Porwal
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | | | - Phool Chandra
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Anurag Verma
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
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17
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Orlando IF, Shine JM, Robbins TW, Rowe JB, O'Callaghan C. Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems take centre stage in neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105167. [PMID: 37054802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are among the most vulnerable brain systems in neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. As these systems fail, they contribute directly to many of the characteristic cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. However, their contribution to symptoms is not sufficiently understood, and pharmacological interventions targeting noradrenergic and cholinergic systems have met with mixed success. Part of the challenge is the complex neurobiology of these systems, operating across multiple timescales, and with non-linear changes across the adult lifespan and disease course. We address these challenges in a detailed review of the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, outlining their roles in cognition and behaviour, and how they influence neuropsychiatric symptoms in disease. By bridging across levels of analysis, we highlight opportunities for improving drug therapies and for pursuing personalised medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella F Orlando
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire O'Callaghan
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
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18
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Scheinman SB, Tseng KY, Alford S, Tai LM. Higher Neuronal Facilitation and Potentiation with APOE4 Suppressed by Angiotensin II. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2960437. [PMID: 37292788 PMCID: PMC10246245 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2960437/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Progressive hippocampal degeneration is a key component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Therefore, identifying how hippocampal neuronal function is modulated early in AD is an important approach to eventually prevent degeneration. AD-risk factors and signaling molecules likely modulate neuronal function, including APOE genotype and angiotensin II. Compared to APOE3 , APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold, and high levels of angiotensin II are hypothesized to disrupt neuronal function in AD. However, the extent that APOE and angiotensin II modulates the hippocampal neuronal phenotype in AD-relevant models is unknown. To address this issue, we used electrophysiological techniques to assess the impact of APOE genotype and angiotensin II on basal synaptic transmission, presynaptic and post-synaptic activity in mice that express human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD) and overproduce Aβ. We found that compared to E3FAD mice, E4FAD mice had lower basal synaptic activity, but higher levels of paired pulse facilitation (PPF) and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer Collateral Commissural Pathway (SCCP) of the hippocampus. We also found that exogenous angiotensin II has a profound inhibitory effect on hippocampal LTP in both E3FAD and E4FAD mice. Collectively, our data suggests that APOE4 and Aβ are associated with a hippocampal phenotype comprised of lower basal activity and higher responses to high frequency stimulation, the latter of which is suppressed by angiotensin II. These novel data suggest a potential mechanistic link between hippocampal activity, APOE4 genotype and angiotensin II in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
| | - Simon Alford
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
| | - Leon M Tai
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
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19
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Ma S, Li Z, Gong S, Lu C, Li X, Li Y. High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Stimulates Neuronal Growth and Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040686. [PMID: 37190651 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Terahertz waves lie within the rotation and oscillation energy levels of biomolecules, and can directly couple with biomolecules to excite nonlinear resonance effects, thus causing conformational or configuration changes in biomolecules. Based on this mechanism, we investigated the effect pattern of 0.138 THz radiation on the dynamic growth of neurons and synaptic transmission efficiency, while explaining the phenomenon at a more microscopic level. We found that cumulative 0.138 THz radiation not only did not cause neuronal death, but that it promoted the dynamic growth of neuronal cytosol and protrusions. Additionally, there was a cumulative effect of terahertz radiation on the promotion of neuronal growth. Furthermore, in electrophysiological terms, 0.138 THz waves improved synaptic transmission efficiency in the hippocampal CA1 region, and this was a slow and continuous process. This is consistent with the morphological results. This phenomenon can continue for more than 10 min after terahertz radiation ends, and these phenomena were associated with an increase in dendritic spine density. In summary, our study shows that 0.138 THz waves can modulate dynamic neuronal growth and synaptic transmission. Therefore, 0.138 terahertz waves may become a novel neuromodulation technique for modulating neuron structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Ma
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Shixiang Gong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Noninvasive Neuromodulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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20
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Jin Y, Lin L, Xiong M, Sun S, Wu SC. Moderating effects of cognitive reserve on the relationship between brain structure and cognitive abilities in middle-aged and older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 128:49-64. [PMID: 37163923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis is reinforced by negative moderating effects, suggesting that those with higher CR are less reliant on brain structure for cognitive function. Previous research on CR's moderating effects yielded inconsistent results, motivating our 3 studies using UK Biobank data. Study I examined five CR proxies' moderating effects on global, lobar, and regional brain-cognition models; study II extended study I by using a larger sample size; and study III investigated age-related moderating effects on the hippocampal regions. In study I, most moderating effects were negative and none survived the multiple comparison correction, but study II identified 13 global-level models with significant negative moderating effects that survived correction. Study III showed age influenced CR proxies' moderating effects in hippocampal regions. Our findings suggest that the effects of CR proxies on brain integrity and cognition varied depending on the proxy used, brain integrity indicators, cognitive domain, and age group. This study offers significant insights regarding the importance of CR for brain integrity and cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Xiong
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Sun
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shui-Cai Wu
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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21
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Scaduto P, Lauterborn JC, Cox CD, Fracassi A, Zeppillo T, Gutierrez BA, Keene CD, Crane PK, Mukherjee S, Russell WK, Taglialatela G, Limon A. Functional excitatory to inhibitory synaptic imbalance and loss of cognitive performance in people with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:303-324. [PMID: 36538112 PMCID: PMC9925531 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Individuals at distinct stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) show abnormal electroencephalographic activity, which has been linked to network hyperexcitability and cognitive decline. However, whether pro-excitatory changes at the synaptic level are observed in brain areas affected early in AD, and if they are emergent in MCI, is not clearly known. Equally important, it is not known whether global synaptic E/I imbalances correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment in the continuum of AD. Measuring the amplitude of ion currents of human excitatory and inhibitory synaptic receptors microtransplanted from the hippocampus and temporal cortex of cognitively normal, mildly cognitively impaired and AD individuals into surrogate cells, we found regional differences in pro-excitatory shifts of the excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) current ratio that correlates positively with toxic proteins and degree of pathology, and impinges negatively on cognitive performance scores. Using these data with electrophysiologically anchored analysis of the synapto-proteome in the same individuals, we identified a group of proteins sustaining synaptic function and those related to synaptic toxicity. We also found an uncoupling between the function and expression of proteins for GABAergic signaling in the temporal cortex underlying larger E/I and worse cognitive performance. Further analysis of transcriptomic and in situ hybridization datasets from an independent cohort across the continuum of AD confirm regional differences in pro-excitatory shifts of the E/I balance that correlate negatively with the most recent calibrated composite scores for memory, executive function, language and visuospatial abilities, as well as overall cognitive performance. These findings indicate that early shifts of E/I balance may contribute to loss of cognitive capabilities in the continuum of AD clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Scaduto
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Julie C Lauterborn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Conor D Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anna Fracassi
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tommaso Zeppillo
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Berenice A Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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22
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Dioli C, Papadimitriou G, Megalokonomou A, Marques C, Sousa N, Sotiropoulos I. Chronic Stress, Depression, and Alzheimer's Disease: The Triangle of Oblivion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:303-315. [PMID: 37525058 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress and high levels of the main stress hormones, and glucocorticoids (GC), are implicated in susceptibility to brain pathologies such as depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as they promote neural plasticity damage and glial reactivity, which can lead to dendritic/synaptic loss, reduced neurogenesis, mood deficits, and impaired cognition. Moreover, depression is implicated in the development of AD with chronic stress being a potential link between both disorders via common neurobiological underpinnings. Hereby, we summarize and discuss the clinical and preclinical evidence related to the detrimental effect of chronic stress as a precipitator of AD through the activation of pathological mechanisms leading to the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and Tau protein. Given that the modern lifestyle increasingly exposes individuals to high stress loads, it is clear that understanding the mechanistic link(s) between chronic stress, depression, and AD pathogenesis may facilitate the treatment of AD and other stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dioli
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | - Carlos Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece.
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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23
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Badal KK, Puthanveettil SV. Axonal transport deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103786. [PMID: 36252719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal transport is a major cellular process that mediates bidirectional signaling between the soma and synapse, enabling both intracellular and intercellular communications. Cellular materials, such as proteins, RNAs, and organelles, are transported by molecular motor proteins along cytoskeletal highways in a highly regulated manner. Several studies have demonstrated that axonal transport is central to normal neuronal function, plasticity, and memory storage. Importantly, disruptions in axonal transport result in neuronal dysfunction and are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. However, we do not know much about axonal transport deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we briefly discuss our current understanding of the role of axonal transport in schizophrenia, bipolar and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerriann K Badal
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Integrative Biology PhD Program, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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24
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Li L, Sun C, Sun Y, Dong Z, Wu R, Sun X, Zhang H, Jiang W, Zhou Y, Cen X, Cai S, Xia H, Zhu Y, Guo T, Piatkevich KD. Spatially resolved proteomics via tissue expansion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7242. [PMID: 36450705 PMCID: PMC9712279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially resolved proteomics is an emerging approach for mapping proteome heterogeneity of biological samples, however, it remains technically challenging due to the complexity of the tissue microsampling techniques and mass spectrometry analysis of nanoscale specimen volumes. Here, we describe a spatially resolved proteomics method based on the combination of tissue expansion with mass spectrometry-based proteomics, which we call Expansion Proteomics (ProteomEx). ProteomEx enables quantitative profiling of the spatial variability of the proteome in mammalian tissues at ~160 µm lateral resolution, equivalent to the tissue volume of 0.61 nL, using manual microsampling without the need for custom or special equipment. We validated and demonstrated the utility of ProteomEx for streamlined large-scale proteomics profiling of biological tissues including brain, liver, and breast cancer. We further applied ProteomEx for identifying proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease in a mouse model by comparative proteomic analysis of brain subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Cuiji Sun
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Yaoting Sun
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhen Dong
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Runxin Wu
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Hanbin Zhang
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Yan Zhou
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Xufeng Cen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Medical Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Shang Cai
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Hongguang Xia
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular Medical Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy & Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Yi Zhu
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Kiryl D. Piatkevich
- grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030 China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China ,grid.494629.40000 0004 8008 9315Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024 Zhejiang China
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Chen F, Wu X, Yang J, Yu X, Liu B, Yan Z. Hippocampal Galectin-3 knockdown alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits by inhibiting TLR4/NF-кB signaling in aged mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Apam-Castillejos DJ, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Vázquez-Roque RA, Vázquez-Hernández AJ, Fuentes-Medel E, García-Dolores F, Díaz A, Flores G. Second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine attenuates behavioral and prefrontal cortex synaptic plasticity deficits in a neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-related rat model. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102166. [PMID: 36156295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics are the drugs of choice for the treatment of neurodevelopmental-related mental diseases such as schizophrenia. Despite the effectiveness of these drugs to ameliorate some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, specifically the positive ones, the mechanisms beyond their antipsychotic effect are still poorly understood. Specifically, second-generation antipsychotics are reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroplastic properties. Using the neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (nVHL) in the rat, an accepted schizophrenia-related model, we evaluated the effect of the second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ) in the behavioral, neuroplastic, and neuroinflammatory alterations exhibited in the nVHL animals. OLZ corrected the hyperlocomotion and impaired working memory of the nVHL animals but failed to enhance social disturbances of these animals. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), OLZ restored the pyramidal cell structural plasticity in the nVHL rats, enhancing the dendritic arbor length, the spinogenesis and the proportion of mature spines. Moreover, OLZ attenuated astrogliosis as well as some pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-related molecules in the PFC. These findings reinforce the evidence of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neurotrophic mechanisms of second-generation antipsychotics in the nVHL schizophrenia-related model, which allows for the possibility of developing more specific drugs for this disorder and thus avoiding the side effects of current schizophrenia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Estefania Fuentes-Medel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Dolores
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad de México (TSJCDMX), Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico.
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Villa C, Stoccoro A. Epigenetic Peripheral Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1308. [PMID: 35893045 PMCID: PMC9332601 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and represents the leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia in older individuals throughout the world. The main hallmarks of AD include brain atrophy, extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and the intracellular aggregation of protein tau in neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological modifications start many years prior to clinical manifestations of disease and the spectrum of AD progresses along a continuum from preclinical to clinical phases. Therefore, identifying specific biomarkers for detecting AD at early stages greatly improves clinical management. However, stable and non-invasive biomarkers are not currently available for the early detection of the disease. In the search for more reliable biomarkers, epigenetic mechanisms, able to mediate the interaction between the genome and the environment, are emerging as important players in AD pathogenesis. Herein, we discuss altered epigenetic signatures in blood as potential peripheral biomarkers for the early detection of AD in order to help diagnosis and improve therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Khodayi-Shahrak M, Khalaj-Kondori M, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Talebi M. Insights into the mechanisms of non-coding RNAs' implication in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:921-940. [PMID: 36110561 PMCID: PMC9441681 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the regulation of gene expression at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic levels. Several studies in cell lines, animal models, and humans, have revealed that non-coding RNAs play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Detailed knowledge on their mechanism of implication in the AD pathogenesis can help to develop novel therapeutic and disease management strategies. The two main pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques resulting from the β-amyloid accumulation, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) due to the phosphorylated tau accumulation. Several lncRNAs and miRNAs play crucial roles in both these hallmarks of the AD pathogenesis and other AD-related pathological procedures such as neuronal and synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, neuronal differentiation and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we outlined the non-coding RNAs and further discussed how they are implicated in these AD-related pathological procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khodayi-Shahrak
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, E-mail:
| | | | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Chou YH, Sundman M, Ton That V, Green J, Trapani C. Cortical excitability and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101660. [PMID: 35680080 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. When stimulation is applied over the primary motor cortex and coupled with electromyography measures, TMS can probe functions of cortical excitability and plasticity in vivo. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the utility of TMS-derived measures for differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal older adults (CN). METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and CINAHL Plus from inception to July 2021. RESULTS Sixty-one studies with a total of 2728 participants (1454 patients with AD, 163 patients with MCI, and 1111 CN) were included. Patients with AD showed significantly higher cortical excitability, lower cortical inhibition, and impaired cortical plasticity compared to the CN cohorts. Patients with MCI exhibited increased cortical excitability and reduced plasticity compared to the CN cohort. Additionally, lower cognitive performance was significantly associated with higher cortical excitability and lower inhibition. No seizure events due to TMS were reported, and the mild adverse response rate is approximately 3/1000 (i.e., 9/2728). CONCLUSIONS Findings of our meta-analysis demonstrate the potential of using TMS-derived cortical excitability and plasticity measures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Mark Sundman
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Viet Ton That
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Jacob Green
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Chrisopher Trapani
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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30
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Mai W, Zhang A, Liu Q, Tang L, Wei Y, Su J, Duan G, Teng J, Nong X, Yu B, Li C, Shao L, Deng D, Chen S, Zhao L. Effects of Moxa Cone Moxibustion Therapy on Cognitive Function and Brain Metabolic Changes in MCI Patients: A Pilot 1H-MRS Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:773687. [PMID: 35721029 PMCID: PMC9204283 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.773687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of moxa cone moxibustion on N-acetyl aspartate/total creatinine (NAA/tCr) and choline/total creatinine (Cho/tCr) in the bilateral hippocampus (HIP) and bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and to provide imaging basis for moxa cone moxibustion treatment for MCI. Methods One hundred eight patients with MCI were served as the MCI group, and 67 age-matched subjects were enrolled as the normal control group. The MCI group was randomized and allocated into acupoint group, drug group, and sham acupoint group, with 36 cases in each group. Some patients in each group withdrew. Finally, 25 cases were included in the acupoint group, 24 cases in the drug group, and 20 cases in the sham acupoint group. The drug group was treated with oral donepezil hydrochloride. The acupoint group and sham acupoint group received moxa cone moxibustion treatment. Mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores were recorded before intervention, at the end of the first and the second months of intervention, and in the 5th month of follow-up. The NAA/tCr and Cho/tCr ratios in the HIP and PCG were bilaterally measured by 1H-MRS before and after intervention. Results Before intervention, compared with the normal control group, the MMSE and MoCA scores, the Cho/tCr ratio in the right HIP, the NAA/tCr ratio in the bilateral HIP, and the NAA/tCr ratio in the left PCG in the three treatment groups decreased significantly (both p < 0.01), and the NAA/tCr ratio in the right PCG significantly reduced in the acupoint and drug groups (p < 0.05). After two months of treatment, compared with the normal control group, there were no differences in the MoCA scores, the NAA/tCr, and Cho/tCr ratios in the bilateral PCG and bilateral HIP in the three treatment groups (p > 0.05). However, the MMSE scores in the drug group decreased when compared with the acupoint group and normal control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The scores of MMSE and MoCA in the acupoint group and sham acupoint group at all time points were better than those in the drug group, which were similar to those in the normal control group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that moxibustion could improve the cognitive function of patients with MCI. The mechanism may be related to the improvement of abnormal brain metabolism in HIP and PCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mai
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Tumour Hospital, Nanning, China
| | | | - Qiang Liu
- Xinghu Outpatient Department, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Xinghu Outpatient Department, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yichen Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiahui Su
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Gaoxiong Duan
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jinlong Teng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiucheng Nong
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Bihan Yu
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Shao
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Demao Deng
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Demao Deng,
| | - Shangjie Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shangjie Chen,
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Zhao,
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31
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Alzheimer disease stages identification based on correlation transfer function system using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264710. [PMID: 35413053 PMCID: PMC9004771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects the quality of life as it causes; memory loss, difficulty in thinking, learning, and performing familiar tasks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been widely used to investigate and analyze different brain regions for AD identification. This study investigates the effectiveness of using correlated transfer function (CorrTF) as a new biomarker to extract the essential features from rs-fMRI, along with support vector machine (SVM) ordered hierarchically, in order to distinguish between the different AD stages. Additionally, we explored the regions, showing significant changes based on the CorrTF extracted features’ strength among different AD stages. First, the process was initialized by applying the preprocessing on rs-fMRI data samples to reduce noise and retain the essential information. Then, the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas was employed to divide the brain into 116 regions, where the intensity time series was calculated, and the CorrTF features were extracted for each region. The proposed framework employed the SVM classifier in two different methodologies, hierarchical and flat multi-classification schemes, to differentiate between the different AD stages for early detection purposes. The ADNI rs-fMRI dataset, employed in this study, consists of 167, 102, 129, and 114 normal, early, late mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD subjects, respectively. The proposed schemes achieved an average accuracy of 98.2% and 95.5% for hierarchical and flat multi-classification tasks, respectively, calculated using ten folds cross-validation. Therefore, CorrTF is considered a promising biomarker for AD early-stage identification. Moreover, the significant changes in the strengths of CorrTF connections among the different AD stages can help us identify and explore the affected brain regions and their latent associations during the progression of AD.
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32
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Bohnen NI, Yarnall AJ, Weil RS, Moro E, Moehle MS, Borghammer P, Bedard MA, Albin RL. Cholinergic system changes in Parkinson's disease: emerging therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:381-392. [PMID: 35131038 PMCID: PMC8985079 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In patients with Parkinson's disease, heterogeneous cholinergic system changes can occur in different brain regions. These changes correlate with a range of clinical features, both motor and non-motor, that are refractory to dopaminergic therapy, and can be conceptualised within a systems-level framework in which nodal deficits can produce circuit dysfunctions. The topographies of cholinergic changes overlap with neural circuitries involved in sleep and cognitive, motor, visuo-auditory perceptual, and autonomic functions. Cholinergic deficits within cognition network hubs predict cognitive deficits better than do total brain cholinergic changes. Postural instability and gait difficulties are associated with cholinergic system changes in thalamic, caudate, limbic, neocortical, and cerebellar nodes. Cholinergic system deficits can involve also peripheral organs. Hypercholinergic activity of mesopontine cholinergic neurons in people with isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder, as well as in the hippocampi of cognitively normal patients with Parkinson's disease, suggests early compensation during the prodromal and early stages of Parkinson's disease. Novel pharmacological and neurostimulation approaches could target the cholinergic system to treat motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neurology Service, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Ann Arbor VAMC, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Alison J Yarnall
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rimona S Weil
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Moro
- Division of Neurology, CHU of Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Grenoble Alpes University, and INSERM u1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Mark S Moehle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marc-André Bedard
- Cognitive Pharmacology Research Unit, UQAM, Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger L Albin
- VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PDE, Ang MJ, Kang S, Kim JS, Moon C. Structural Plasticity of the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3349. [PMID: 35328770 PMCID: PMC8955928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is the capacity of neural networks in the brain to alter through development and rearrangement. It can be classified as structural and functional plasticity. The hippocampus is more susceptible to neuroplasticity as compared to other brain regions. Structural modifications in the hippocampus underpin several neurodegenerative diseases that exhibit cognitive and emotional dysregulation. This article reviews the findings of several preclinical and clinical studies about the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In this study, literature was surveyed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, to review the mechanisms that underlie the alterations in the structural plasticity of the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus for the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and identifies the current focus and gaps in knowledge about hippocampal dysfunctions. Ultimately, this information will be useful to propel future mechanistic and therapeutic research in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima D. E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Philippines
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
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34
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Autobiographical Memory Loss in Alzheimer’s disease: The role of the Reminiscence Bump. Cortex 2022; 150:137-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Rao YL, Ganaraja B, Murlimanju BV, Joy T, Krishnamurthy A, Agrawal A. Hippocampus and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease: a review. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:55. [PMID: 35116217 PMCID: PMC8807768 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus is the significant component of the limbic lobe, which is further subdivided into the dentate gyrus and parts of Cornu Ammonis. It is the crucial region for learning and memory; its sub-regions aid in the generation of episodic memory. However, the hippocampus is one of the brain areas affected by Alzheimer's (AD). In the early stages of AD, the hippocampus shows rapid loss of its tissue, which is associated with the functional disconnection with other parts of the brain. In the progression of AD, atrophy of medial temporal and hippocampal regions are the structural markers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lack of sirtuin (SIRT) expression in the hippocampal neurons will impair cognitive function, including recent memory and spatial learning. Proliferation, differentiation, and migrations are the steps involved in adult neurogenesis. The microglia in the hippocampal region are more immunologically active than the other regions of the brain. Intrinsic factors like hormones, glia, and vascular nourishment are instrumental in the neural stem cell (NSC) functions by maintaining the brain's microenvironment. Along with the intrinsic factors, many extrinsic factors like dietary intake and physical activity may also influence the NSCs. Hence, pro-neurogenic lifestyle could delay neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Lakshmisha Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - B. Ganaraja
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - B. V. Murlimanju
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Teresa Joy
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, American University of Antigua, Coolidge, Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Ashwin Krishnamurthy
- Department of Anatomy, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020 Madhya Pradesh India
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36
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OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:2250-2275. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kilimann I, Wucherer D, Ittermann T, Völzke H, Bülow R, Hoffmann W, Grabe HJ, Wittfeld K, Teipel SJ. Inverse association between the anticholinergic burden and hippocampus volume in a population-based cohort across the entire adult age range. GeroScience 2021; 44:1715-1726. [PMID: 34940948 PMCID: PMC9213601 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medications of different indications have a relevant anticholinergic activity. The anticholinergic burden of medication has been shown to have significant effects on the cognition and the risk for cognitive impairment and dementia particularly in older patients. So far, most of the studies used data from geriatric patients and the effect of the anticholinergic burden on brain structures is still unexplored. Our study aimed to analyze possible associations of hippocampus and cholinergic basal forebrain volumes as vulnerable brain structures for the development of dementia and the anticholinergic burden in a population-based cohort of non-demented participants spanning the adult age range from 21 to 80 years. We analyzed associations between medication-related anticholinergic burden and structural MRI volumes from participants (n = 3087, 52.2% female) of the population-based “Study of Health in Pomerania” (SHIP). Anticholinergic burden was obtained from the current medication plan using the Anticholinergic Burden Scale (ACB). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, and total intracranial volume. We found statistically significant associations between the ACB and the left and right hippocampus volume but not for the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Complementary voxel-based analysis across all participants revealed FWE-corrected (p = < 0.05) clusters in the temporo-parietal regions reaching into frontal areas, showing reduced volumes with higher ACB scores. We identified an association between anticholinergic burden of medication on hippocampal volume suggesting a potential inverse effect of such medication. This association highlights the importance of a careful prescription of medication with anticholinergic activity at any adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany. .,Department Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Diana Wucherer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- SHIP Study Unit, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str.48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- SHIP Study Unit, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str.48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Johannes Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.,Department Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
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Xhima K, Markham-Coultes K, Kofoed RH, Saragovi HU, Hynynen K, Aubert I. Ultrasound delivery of a TrkA agonist confers neuroprotection to Alzheimer-associated pathologies. Brain 2021; 145:2806-2822. [PMID: 34919633 PMCID: PMC9420023 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Early degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) contributes substantially to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence from preclinical models of neuronal injury and aging support a pivotal role for nerve growth factor (NGF) in neuroprotection, resilience, and cognitive function. However, whether NGF can provide therapeutic benefit in the presence of AD-related pathologies remains unresolved. Perturbations in the NGF signaling system in AD may render neurons unable to benefit from NGF administration. Additionally, challenges related to brain delivery remain for clinical translation of NGF-based therapies in AD. To be safe and efficient, NGF-related agents should stimulate the NGF receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), avoid activation through the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), and be delivered non-invasively to targeted brain areas using real-time monitoring. We addressed these limitations using MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRIgFUS) to increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability locally and transiently, allowing an intravenously administered TrkA agonist that does not activate p75NTR, termed D3, to enter targeted brain areas. Here, we report the therapeutic potential of selective TrkA activation in a transgenic mouse model that recapitulates numerous AD-associated pathologies. Repeated MRIgFUS-mediated delivery of D3 (D3/FUS) improved cognitive function in the TgCRND8 model of AD. Mechanistically, D3/FUS treatment effectively attenuated cholinergic degeneration and promoted functional recovery. D3/FUS treatment also resulted in widespread reduction of brain amyloid pathology and dystrophic neurites surrounding amyloid plaques. Furthermore, D3/FUS markedly enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis in TgCRND8 mice, implicating TrkA agonism as a novel therapeutic target to promote neurogenesis in the context of AD-related pathology. Thus, this study provides evidence that selective TrkA agonism confers neuroprotection to effectively counteract AD-related vulnerability. Recent clinical trials demonstrate that non-invasive BBB modulation using MRIgFUS is safe, feasible and reversible in AD patients. TrkA receptor agonists coupled with MRIgFUS delivery constitute a promising disease-modifying strategy to foster brain health and counteract cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiana Xhima
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kelly Markham-Coultes
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Rikke Hahn Kofoed
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - H. Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Czerwińska-Główka D, Krukiewicz K. Guidelines for a Morphometric Analysis of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Cells 2021; 10:3304. [PMID: 34943812 PMCID: PMC8699492 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The invention of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pushed the imaging methods and allowed for the observation of cell details with a high resolution. Currently, SEM appears as an extremely useful tool to analyse the morphology of biological samples. The aim of this paper is to provide a set of guidelines for using SEM to analyse morphology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, taking as model cases Escherichia coli bacteria and B-35 rat neuroblastoma cells. Herein, we discuss the necessity of a careful sample preparation and provide an optimised protocol that allows to observe the details of cell ultrastructure (≥ 50 nm) with a minimum processing effort. Highlighting the versatility of morphometric descriptors, we present the most informative parameters and couple them with molecular processes. In this way, we indicate the wide range of information that can be collected through SEM imaging of biological materials that makes SEM a convenient screening method to detect cell pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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40
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Opportunity. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100796. [PMID: 34677562 PMCID: PMC8540094 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by mass neuronal and synaptic loss and, currently, there are no successful curative therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging approach to intercellular communication via transferring cellular materials such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs from parental cells to recipient cells, leading to the reprogramming of the molecular machinery. Numerous studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of AD, based on the neuroprotective, regenerative and immunomodulatory effects as effective as MSCs. In this review, we focus on the biology and function of EVs, the potential of MSC-derived EVs for AD therapy in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the potent mechanisms of MSC-derived EVs actions. Finally, we highlight the modification strategies and diagnosis utilities in order to make advance in this field.
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41
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Normal cognition in Parkinson's disease may involve hippocampal cholinergic compensation: An exploratory PET imaging study with [ 18F]-FEOBV. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 91:162-166. [PMID: 34628195 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe cholinergic degeneration is known to occur in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is thought to play a primary role in the cognitive decline associated with this disease. Although cholinergic losses occur in all patients with PD, cognitive performance remains normal for many of them, suggesting compensatory mechanisms in those. OBJECTIVES This exploratory study aimed at verifying if normal cognition in PD may involve distinctive features of the brain cholinergic systems. METHODS Following extensive neuropsychological screening in 25 patients with PD, 12 were selected and evenly distributed between a cognitively normal (PD-CN) group, and a mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) group. Each group was compared with matched healthy volunteers (HV) on standardized cognitive scales (MoCA, PDCRS), and PET imaging with [18F]-FEOBV, a sensitive measurement of brain cholinergic innervation density. RESULTS [18F]-FEOBV uptake reductions were observed in PD-CN as well as in PD-MCI, with the lowest values located in the posterior cortical areas. However, in PD-CN but not in PD-MCI, there was a significant and bilateral increase of [18F]-FEOBV uptake, exclusively located in the hippocampus. Significant correlations were observed between cognitive performance and hippocampal [18F]-FEOBV uptake. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a compensatory upregulation of the hippocampal cholinergic innervation in PD-CN, which might underly normal cognitive performances in spite of cortical cholinergic denervation in other regions.
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42
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Mencer S, Kartawy M, Lendenfeld F, Soluh H, Tripathi MK, Khaliulin I, Amal H. Proteomics of autism and Alzheimer's mouse models reveal common alterations in mTOR signaling pathway. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:480. [PMID: 34535637 PMCID: PMC8448888 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two different neurological disorders that share common clinical features, such as language impairment, executive functions, and motor problems. A genetic convergence has been proposed as well. However, the molecular mechanisms of these pathologies are still not well understood. Protein S-nitrosylation (SNO), the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated posttranslational modification, targets key proteins implicated in synaptic and neuronal functions. Previously, we have shown that NO and SNO are involved in the InsG3680(+/+) ASD and P301S AD mouse models. Here, we performed large-scale computational biology analysis of the SNO-proteome followed by biochemical validation to decipher the shared mechanisms between the pathologies. This analysis pointed to the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway as one of the shared molecular mechanisms. Activation of mTOR in the cortex of both mouse models was confirmed by western blots that showed increased phosphorylation of RPS6, a major substrate of mTORC1. Other molecular alterations affected by SNO and shared between the two mouse models, such as synaptic-associated processes, PKA signaling, and cytoskeleton-related processes were also detected. This is the first study to decipher the SNO-related shared mechanisms between SHANK3 and MAPT mutations. Understanding the involvement of SNO in neurological disorders and its intersection between ASD and AD might help developing an effective novel therapy for both neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Mencer
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maryam Kartawy
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Felix Lendenfeld
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Huda Soluh
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Igor Khaliulin
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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43
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Wirt RA, Crew LA, Ortiz AA, McNeela AM, Flores E, Kinney JW, Hyman JM. Altered theta rhythm and hippocampal-cortical interactions underlie working memory deficits in a hyperglycemia risk factor model of Alzheimer's disease. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1036. [PMID: 34480097 PMCID: PMC8417282 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with dysregulated glucose and insulin levels and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) later in life. It is thought that chronic hyperglycemia leads to neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus leading to cognitive decline, but effects on hippocampal network activity are unknown. A sustained hyperglycemic state was induced in otherwise healthy animals and subjects were then tested on a spatial delayed alternation task while recording from the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Hyperglycemic animals performed worse on long delay trials and had multiple electrophysiological differences throughout the task. We found increased delta power and decreased theta power in the hippocampus, which led to altered theta/delta ratios at the end of the delay period. Cross frequency coupling was significantly higher in multiple bands and delay period hippocampus-ACC theta coherence was elevated, revealing hypersynchrony. The highest coherence values appeared long delays on error trials for STZ animals, the opposite of what was observed in controls, where lower delay period coherence was associated with errors. Consistent with previous investigations, we found increases in phosphorylated tau in STZ animals’ hippocampus and cortex, which might account for the observed oscillatory and cognitive changes. To investigate the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on hippocampal network activity Wirt et al induced sustained hyperglycemia in rats and tested them in a spatial delayed alternation task while recording from the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex. They demonstrated that hyperglycemia impaired task performance and altered theta rhythm as well as increasing tau phosphorylation, which suggest there is potentially a direct link between chronic hyperglycemia and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Wirt
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Lauren A Crew
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Andrew A Ortiz
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Adam M McNeela
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Emmanuel Flores
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jefferson W Kinney
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - James M Hyman
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Smailovic U, Kåreholt I, Koenig T, Ashton NJ, Winblad B, Höglund K, Nilsson P, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Jelic V. Synaptic Molecular and Neurophysiological Markers Are Independent Predictors of Progression in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:355-366. [PMID: 34334389 PMCID: PMC8461684 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurogranin and quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) are potential molecular and functional markers of synaptic pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Synaptic markers have emerged as candidate prognostic indicators of AD since synaptic degeneration was shown to be an early event and the best correlate of cognitive deficits in patients along the disease continuum. Objective: The present study investigated the association between CSF neurogranin and qEEG measures as well as their potential to predict clinical deterioration in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with MCI (n = 99) underwent CSF conventional AD biomarkers and neurogranin analysis and resting-state EEG recordings. The study population was further stratified into stable (n = 41) and progressive MCI (n = 31), based on the progression to AD dementia during two years follow-up. qEEG analysis included computation of global field power and global field synchronization in four conventional frequency bands. Results: CSF neurogranin levels were associated with theta power and synchronization in the progressive MCI group. CSF neurogranin and qEEG measures were significant predictors of progression to AD dementia, independent of baseline amyloid status in MCI patients. A combination of CSF neurogranin with global EEG power in theta and global EEG synchronization in beta band exhibited the highest classification accuracy as compared to either of these markers alone. Conclusion: qEEG and CSF neurogranin are independent predictors of progression to AD dementia in MCI patients. Molecular and neurophysiological synaptic markers may have additive value in a multimodal diagnostic and prognostic approach to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Smailovic
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Kåreholt
- Aging Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Aging Research Network -Jönköping (ARN-J), Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Koenig
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Geriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Clinic for Cognitive Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden
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Whole Blood Transcriptome Characterization of 3xTg-AD Mouse and Its Modulation by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147629. [PMID: 34299250 PMCID: PMC8306644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3xTg-AD mouse is a widely used model in the study of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). It has been extensively characterized from both the anatomical and behavioral point of view, but poorly studied at the transcriptomic level. For the first time, we characterize the whole blood transcriptome of the 3xTg-AD mouse at three and six months of age and evaluate how its gene expression is modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). RNA-seq analysis revealed 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that represent a direct signature of the genetic background of the mouse. Moreover, in the 6-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, we observed a high number of DEGs that could represent good peripheral biomarkers of AD symptomatology onset. Finally, tDCS was associated with gene expression changes in the 3xTg-AD, but not in the control mice. In conclusion, this study provides an in-depth molecular characterization of the 3xTg-AD mouse and suggests that blood gene expression can be used to identify new biomarkers of AD progression and treatment effects.
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Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Khodagholi F, Hajipour MJ, Sadeghi P, Noruzi M, Moshtagh A, Behmadi H, Sharifzadeh M. PEGylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) ameliorate learning and memory deficit in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: Potential participation of STIMs. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:145-159. [PMID: 34058247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrillation process seems to execute a principal role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, novel therapeutic plans have concentrated on the inhibition or degradation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils. Biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs), e.g., gold and iron oxide NPs, take a unique capacity in redirecting Aβ fibrillation kinetics; nevertheless, their impacts on AD-related memory impairment have not been adequately evaluated in vivo. Here, we examined the effect of commercial PEGylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on the learning and memory of an AD-animal model. The outcomes demonstrated the dose-dependent effect of SPIONs on Aβ fibrillation and learning and memory processes. In vitro and in vivo findings revealed that Low doses of SPIONs inhibited Aβ aggregation and ameliorated learning and memory deficit in the AD model, respectively. Enhanced level of hippocampal proteins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, phosphorylated-cAMP response element-binding protein, p-CREB, and stromal interaction molecules, e.g., STIM1 and STIM2, were also observed. However, at high doses, SPIONs did not improve the detrimental impacts of Aβ fibrillation on spatial memory and hippocampal proteins expression. Overall, we revealed the potential capacity of SPIONs on retrieval of behavioral and molecular manifestations of AD in vivo, which needs further investigations to determine the mechanistic effect of SPIONs in the AD conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hajipour
- The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 47263, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Payam Sadeghi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Marzieh Noruzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Aynaz Moshtagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Homayoon Behmadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran.
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Liu Q, Sun YM, Huang H, Chen C, Wan J, Ma LH, Sun YY, Miao HH, Wu YQ. Sirtuin 3 protects against anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive decline in aged mice by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:41. [PMID: 33541361 PMCID: PMC7863360 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a very common complication that might increase the morbidity and mortality of elderly patients after surgery. However, the mechanism of POCD remains largely unknown. The NAD-dependent deacetylase protein Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is located in the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial function. SIRT3 is the only sirtuin that specifically plays a role in extending lifespan in humans and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SIRT3 on anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice. METHODS SIRT3 expression levels were decreased after surgery. For the interventional study, an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-SIRT3 vector or an empty vector was microinjected into hippocampal CA1 region before anesthesia/surgery. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the oxidative stress response and downstream microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokines, and Golgi staining and long-term potentiation (LTP) recording were applied to evaluate synaptic plasticity. RESULTS Overexpression of SIRT3 in the CA1 region attenuated anesthesia/surgery-induced learning and memory dysfunction as well as synaptic plasticity dysfunction and the oxidative stress response (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) in aged mice with POCD. In addition, microglia activation (ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 [Iba1]) and neuroinflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6) were regulated after anesthesia/surgery in a SIRT3-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results of the current study demonstrate that SIRT3 has a critical effect in the mechanism of POCD in aged mice by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation and reveal that SIRT3 may be a promising therapeutic and diagnostic target for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Man Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, P.R. China.
| | - Yu-Qing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, P.R. China.
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48
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How neurons exploit fractal geometry to optimize their network connectivity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2332. [PMID: 33504818 PMCID: PMC7840685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the degree to which neurons are fractal, the origin of this fractality, and its impact on functionality. By analyzing three-dimensional images of rat neurons, we show the way their dendrites fork and weave through space is unexpectedly important for generating fractal-like behavior well-described by an ‘effective’ fractal dimension D. This discovery motivated us to create distorted neuron models by modifying the dendritic patterns, so generating neurons across wide ranges of D extending beyond their natural values. By charting the D-dependent variations in inter-neuron connectivity along with the associated costs, we propose that their D values reflect a network cooperation that optimizes these constraints. We discuss the implications for healthy and pathological neurons, and for connecting neurons to medical implants. Our automated approach also facilitates insights relating form and function, applicable to individual neurons and their networks, providing a crucial tool for addressing massive data collection projects (e.g. connectomes).
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49
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Zheng LJ, Lin L, Schoepf UJ, Varga-Szemes A, Savage RH, Zhang H, Wang YF, Zhang XY, Luo S, Liu Y, Yang GF, Lu GM, Zhang LJ. Different posterior hippocampus and default mode network modulation in young APOE ε4 carriers: a functional connectome-informed phenotype longitudinal study. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2757-2769. [PMID: 33496907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine the functional connectome change pattern based on subregions of the hippocampus in young APOEε4 carriers during a 3-year follow-up. All the participants (n = 213) were tested for resting-state functional MRI, neuropsychological scales, and APOE genotype. The age- and sex-matched APOE ε4/ε3 (23.9 ± 3.2 years old, 6 female/7 male) carriers and APOE ε3/ε3 (22.9 ± 1.6 years old, 7 female/12 male) carriers were finally followed up. The hippocampus and its anterior/middle/posterior subregion-based functional connectivity (FC) patterns were compared between APOEε4 and APOEε3 groups by a two-sample t-test at baseline and mixed-effect analysis at follow-up. The effective connectivity (EC) patterns among the altered regions of interaction effect were examined in the APOEε4 groups. APOEε4 carries displayed saliently enhanced FC in the right anterior/middle hippocampus and core regions of the default mode network (DMN) (P < 0.05 by Gaussian Random Fields (GRF) correction). However, the APOEε4-by-time interaction was evident in the middle/posterior hippocampus with connection to the lateral temporal lobe and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (P < 0.05 by GRF correction). Moreover, the APOEε4 group at follow-up showed increased EC separately from both the left middle hippocampus and lateral temporal lobe to the left posterior hippocampus, and its changes of FC/EC significantly correlated with altered memory function. The posterior hippocampus might be especially vulnerable to early modulation in young APOEε4 carriers. Its connection with the lateral temporal lobe, rather than with DMN, might be the early compensative mechanism of memory function regulation influenced by APOE ε4 in the young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Juan Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - U Joseph Schoepf
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Akos Varga-Szemes
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Rock H Savage
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Fei Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui Fen Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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50
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Chiappiniello A, Tarducci R, Muscio C, Bruzzone MG, Bozzali M, Tiraboschi P, Nigri A, Ambrosi C, Chipi E, Ferraro S, Festari C, Gasparotti R, Gianeri R, Giulietti G, Mascaro L, Montanucci C, Nicolosi V, Rosazza C, Serra L, Frisoni GB, Perani D, Tagliavini F, Jovicich J. Automatic multispectral MRI segmentation of human hippocampal subfields: an evaluation of multicentric test-retest reproducibility. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:137-150. [PMID: 33231744 PMCID: PMC7817563 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and reproducible automated segmentation of human hippocampal subfields is of interest to study their roles in cognitive functions and disease processes. Multispectral structural MRI methods have been proposed to improve automated hippocampal subfield segmentation accuracy, but the reproducibility in a multicentric setting is, to date, not well characterized. Here, we assessed test-retest reproducibility of FreeSurfer 6.0 hippocampal subfield segmentations using multispectral MRI analysis pipelines (22 healthy subjects scanned twice, a week apart, at four 3T MRI sites). The harmonized MRI protocol included two 3D-T1, a 3D-FLAIR, and a high-resolution 2D-T2. After within-session T1 averaging, subfield volumes were segmented using three pipelines with different multispectral data: two longitudinal ("long_T1s" and "long_T1s_FLAIR") and one cross-sectional ("long_T1s_FLAIR_crossT2"). Volume reproducibility was quantified in magnitude (reproducibility error-RE) and space (DICE coefficient). RE was lower in all hippocampal subfields, except for hippocampal fissure, using the longitudinal pipelines compared to long_T1s_FLAIR_crossT2 (average RE reduction of 0.4-3.6%). Similarly, the longitudinal pipelines showed a higher spatial reproducibility (1.1-7.8% of DICE improvement) in all hippocampal structures compared to long_T1s_FLAIR_crossT2. Moreover, long_T1s_FLAIR provided a small but significant RE improvement in comparison to long_T1s (p = 0.015), whereas no significant DICE differences were found. In addition, structures with volumes larger than 200 mm3 had better RE (1-2%) and DICE (0.7-0.95) than smaller structures. In summary, our study suggests that the most reproducible hippocampal subfield FreeSurfer segmentations are derived from a longitudinal pipeline using 3D-T1s and 3D-FLAIR. Adapting a longitudinal pipeline to include high-resolution 2D-T2 may lead to further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chiappiniello
- Department of Physics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- Medical Physics Department, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tarducci
- Medical Physics Department, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Muscio
- Division of Neurology V/Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Pietro Tiraboschi
- Division of Neurology V/Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Nigri
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Ambrosi
- Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Chipi
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Neurology Clinic, Center for Memory Disturbances, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Festari
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ruben Gianeri
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giulietti
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorella Mascaro
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Physics Unit, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Montanucci
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Neurology Clinic, Center for Memory Disturbances, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicolosi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Rosazza
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, LANVIE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Perani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V/Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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