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Jiménez-Romero MS, Fernández-Urquiza M, Benítez-Burraco A. Language and Communication Deficits in Chromosome 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:4724-4740. [PMID: 36410413 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (OMIM #611913) is a rare genetic condition resulting from the partial deletion of approximately 35 genes located at Chromosome 16. Affected people exhibit a variable clinical profile, featuring mild dysmorphisms, motor problems, developmental delay, mild intellectual disability (ID), socialization deficits and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits, and problems with language. Specifically, a precise characterization of the speech, language, and communication (dis)abilities of people with this condition is still pending. METHOD We used standardized tests and samples of naturalistic speech to provide a longitudinal profile of the speech, language, and communication problems of a boy with Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and without ID or ASD. RESULTS The proband shows impaired expressive abilities as well as problems with receptive language, dysprosody, and ASD-like communication deficits, such as impaired interactive skills, perseverative verbal behavior, overabundance of tangential responses, and lack of metapragmatic awareness and communicative use of gaze, meeting the criteria for social pragmatic communication disorder. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the view that language and communication impairment should be regarded as one core symptom of Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, even without a diagnosis of ASD or ID. Clinical implications of our results, with a focus on therapeutic interventions for children with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and no ASD or ID, are also discussed. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21561714.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature (Linguistics), Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Spain
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2
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Silva AI, Ehrhart F, Ulfarsson MO, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Wilkinson LS, Hall J, Linden DEJ. Neuroimaging Findings in Neurodevelopmental Copy Number Variants: Identifying Molecular Pathways to Convergent Phenotypes. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:341-361. [PMID: 35659384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genomic copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with a high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. A growing body of genetic studies suggests that these high-risk genetic variants converge in common molecular pathways and that common pathways also exist across clinically distinct disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. A key question is how common molecular mechanisms converge into similar clinical outcomes. We review emerging evidence for convergent cognitive and brain phenotypes across distinct CNVs. Multiple CNVs were shown to have similar effects on core sensory, cognitive, and motor traits. Emerging data from multisite neuroimaging studies have provided valuable information on how these CNVs affect brain structure and function. However, most of these studies examined one CNV at a time, making it difficult to fully understand the proportion of shared brain effects. Recent studies have started to combine neuroimaging data from multiple CNV carriers and identified similar brain effects across CNVs. Some early findings also support convergence in CNV animal models. Systems biology, through integration of multilevel data, provides new insights into convergent molecular mechanisms across genetic risk variants (e.g., altered synaptic activity). However, the link between such key molecular mechanisms and convergent psychiatric phenotypes is still unknown. To better understand this link, we need new approaches that integrate human molecular data with neuroimaging, cognitive, and animal model data, while taking into account critical developmental time points. Identifying risk mechanisms across genetic loci can elucidate the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders and identify new therapeutic targets for cross-disorder applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Silva
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Department of Bioinformatics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Lawrence S Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David E J Linden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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3
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Zhang J, Xia K, Ahn M, Jha SC, Blanchett R, Crowley JJ, Szatkiewicz JP, Zou F, Zhu H, Styner M, Gilmore JH, Knickmeyer RC. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Neonatal White Matter Microstructure. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:933-948. [PMID: 33009551 PMCID: PMC7786356 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of genetic influences on early white matter development could significantly advance our understanding of neurological and psychiatric conditions characterized by altered integrity of axonal pathways. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) phenotypes in 471 neonates. We used a hierarchical functional principal regression model (HFPRM) to perform joint analysis of 44 fiber bundles. HFPRM revealed a latent measure of white matter microstructure that explained approximately 50% of variation in our tractography-based measures and accounted for a large proportion of heritable variation in each individual bundle. An intronic SNP in PSMF1 on chromosome 20 exceeded the conventional GWAS threshold of 5 x 10-8 (p = 4.61 x 10-8). Additional loci nearing genome-wide significance were located near genes with known roles in axon growth and guidance, fasciculation, and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Ahn
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - S C Jha
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Blanchett
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J J Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - F Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R C Knickmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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4
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Agarwalla S, Arroyo NS, Long NE, O'Brien WT, Abel T, Bandyopadhyay S. Male-specific alterations in structure of isolation call sequences of mouse pups with 16p11.2 deletion. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12681. [PMID: 32558237 PMCID: PMC7116069 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
16p11.2 deletion is one of the most common gene copy variations that increases the susceptibility to autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This syndrome leads to developmental delays, including speech impairment and delays in expressive language and communication skills. To study developmental impairment of vocal communication associated with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, we used the 16p11.2del mouse model and performed an analysis of pup isolation calls (PICs). The earliest PICs at postnatal day 5 from 16p11.2del pups were found altered in a male‐specific fashion relative to wild‐type (WT) pups. Analysis of sequences of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by pups using mutual information between syllables at different positions in the USV spectrograms showed that dependencies exist between syllables in WT mice of both sexes. The order of syllables was not random; syllables were emitted in an ordered fashion. The structure observed in the WT pups was identified and the pattern of syllable sequences was considered typical for the mouse line. However, typical patterns were totally absent in the 16p11.2del male pups, showing on average random syllable sequences, while the 16p11.2del female pups had dependencies similar to the WT pups. Thus, we found that PICs were reduced in number in male 16p11.2 pups and their vocalizations lack the syllable sequence order emitted by WT males and females and 16p11.2 females. Therefore, our study is the first to reveal sex‐specific perinatal communication impairment in a mouse model of 16p11.2 deletion and applies a novel, more granular method of analysing the structure of USVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Agarwalla
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Noelle S Arroyo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natalie E Long
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Pharmacology/ITMAT, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sharba Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.,Advanced Technology Development Centre (ATDC), IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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5
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Abnormal Auditory Mismatch Fields in Children and Adolescents With 16p11.2 Deletion and 16p11.2 Duplication. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:942-950. [PMID: 32033921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with either deletion or duplication of the BP4-BP5 segment of chromosome 16p11.2 have varied behavioral phenotypes that may include autistic features, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and/or language impairment. However, the neurophysiological correlates of auditory language discrimination processing in individuals with 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication have not been investigated. METHODS Magnetoencephalography was used to measure magnetic mismatch fields (MMFs) arising from the left and right superior temporal gyrus during an auditory oddball paradigm with vowel stimuli (/a/ and /u/) in children and adolescents with 16p11.2 deletion or 16p11.2 duplication and in typically developing peers. One hundred twenty-eight participants ranging from 7 to 17 years of age were included in the final analysis (typically developing: n = 61, 12.08 ± 2.50 years of age; 16p11.2 deletion: n = 45, 11.28 ± 2.51 years of age; and 16p11.2 duplication: n = 22, 10.73 ± 2.49 years of age). RESULTS Delayed MMF latencies were found in both 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication groups compared with typically developing subjects. In addition, these delayed MMF latencies were associated with language and cognitive ability, with prolonged latency predicting greater impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that auditory MMF response delays are associated with clinical severity of language and cognitive impairment in individuals with either 16p11.2 deletion or 16p11.2 duplication, indicating a correlate of their shared/overlapping behavioral phenotype (and not a correlate of gene dosage).
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6
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Altered structural brain connectivity involving the dorsal and ventral language pathways in 16p11.2 deletion syndrome. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:430-445. [PMID: 29629500 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variants at the chromosomal locus 16p11.2 contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and language and articulation disorders. Here, we provide detailed findings on the disrupted structural brain connectivity in 16p11.2 deletion syndrome (patients: N = 21, age range: 8-16 years; typically developing (TD) controls: 18, 9-16 years) using structural and diffusion MRI. We performed global short-, middle-, long-range, and interhemispheric connectivity analysis in the whole brain using gyral topology-based cortical parcellation. Using region of interest analysis, we studied bilateral dorsal (3 segments of arcuate fasciculus (AF)) and ventral (inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), uncinate fasciculus (UF)) language pathways. Our results showed significantly increased axial (AD) and radial (RD) diffusivities in bilateral anterior AF, decreased volume for left long AF, increased mean diffusivity (MD) and RD for right long AF, and increased AD for bilateral UF in the 16p11.2 deletion group in the absence of significant abnormalities in the whole-brain gyral and interhemispheric connectivity. The selective involvement of the language networks may aid in understanding effects of altered white matter connectivity on neurodevelopmental outcomes in 16p11.2 deletion.
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7
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Sensorimotor Cortical Oscillations during Movement Preparation in 16p11.2 Deletion Carriers. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7321-7331. [PMID: 31270155 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3001-17.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor deficits are prevalent in many neurodevelopmental disorders like autism, including one of its common genetic etiologies, a 600 kb reciprocal deletion/duplication at 16p11.2. We have previously shown that copy number variations of 16p11.2 impact regional brain volume, white matter integrity, and early sensory responses in auditory cortex. Here, we test the hypothesis that abnormal cortical neurophysiology is present when genes in the 16p11.2 region are haploinsufficient, and in humans that this in turn may account for behavioral deficits specific to deletion carriers. We examine sensorimotor cortical network activity in males and females with 16p11.2 deletions compared with both typically developing individuals, and those with duplications of 16p11.2, using magnetoencephalographic imaging during preparation of overt speech or hand movements in tasks designed to be easy for all participants. In deletion carriers, modulation of beta oscillations (12-30 Hz) were increased during both movement types over effector-specific regions of motor cortices compared with typically developing individuals or duplication carriers, with no task-related performance differences between cohorts, even when corrected for their own cognitive and sensorimotor deficits. Reduced left hemispheric language specialization was observed in deletion carriers but not in duplication carriers. Neural activity over sensorimotor cortices in deletion carriers was linearly related to clinical measures of speech and motor impairment. These findings link insufficient copy number repeats at 16p11.2 to excessive neural activity (e.g., increased beta oscillations) in motor cortical networks for speech and hand motor control. These results have significant implications for understanding the neural basis of autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The recurrent ∼600 kb deletion at 16p11.2 (BP4-BP5) is one of the most common genetic etiologies of ASD and, more generally, of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we use high-resolution magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEG-I) to define with millisecond precision the underlying neurophysiological signature of motor impairments for individuals with 16p11.2 deletions. We identify significant increases in beta (12-30 Hz) suppression in sensorimotor cortices related to performance during speech and hand movement tasks. These findings not only provide a neurophysiological phenotype for the clinical presentation of this genetic deletion, but also guide our understanding of how genetic variation encodes for neural oscillatory dynamics.
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8
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Lombardo MV, Pramparo T, Gazestani V, Warrier V, Bethlehem RAI, Carter Barnes C, Lopez L, Lewis NE, Eyler L, Pierce K, Courchesne E. Large-scale associations between the leukocyte transcriptome and BOLD responses to speech differ in autism early language outcome subtypes. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1680-1688. [PMID: 30482947 PMCID: PMC6445349 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in early language development in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is clinically important and may reflect neurobiologically distinct subtypes. Here we identify a large-scale association between multiple coordinated blood leukocyte gene co-expression modules and multivariate functional neuroimaging (fMRI) response to speech. Gene co-expression modules associated with multivariate fMRI response to speech are different for all pairwise comparisons between typically developing toddlers and toddlers with ASD and either poor versus good early language outcome. Associated co-expression modules are enriched in genes that are broadly expressed in the brain and many other tissues. These co-expression modules are also enriched for ASD, prenatal, human-specific and language-relevant genes. This work highlights distinctive neurobiology in ASD subtypes with different early language outcomes that is present well before such outcomes are known. Associations between neuroimaging measures and gene expression levels in blood leukocytes may offer a unique in-vivo window into identifying brain-relevant molecular mechanisms in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Tiziano Pramparo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Gazestani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Varun Warrier
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard A I Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Linda Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karen Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Rodà D, Gabau E, Baena N, Guitart M. Phenotype variability in thirteen 16p11.2 deletion patients. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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10
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Kumar VJ, Grissom NM, McKee SE, Schoch H, Bowman N, Havekes R, Kumar M, Pickup S, Poptani H, Reyes TM, Hawrylycz M, Abel T, Nickl-Jockschat T. Linking spatial gene expression patterns to sex-specific brain structural changes on a mouse model of 16p11.2 hemideletion. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:109. [PMID: 29844452 PMCID: PMC5974415 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD and ADHD, affect males about three to four times more often than females. 16p11.2 hemideletion is a copy number variation that is highly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous work from our lab has shown that a mouse model of 16p11.2 hemideletion (del/+) exhibits male-specific behavioral phenotypes. We, therefore, aimed to investigate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whether del/+ animals also exhibited a sex-specific neuroanatomical endophenotype. Using the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas, we analyzed the expression patterns of the 27 genes within the 16p11.2 region to identify which gene expression patterns spatially overlapped with brain structural changes. MRI was performed ex vivo and the resulting images were analyzed using Voxel-based morphometry for T1-weighted sequences and tract-based spatial statistics for diffusion-weighted images. In a subsequent step, all available in situ hybridization (ISH) maps of the genes involved in the 16p11.2 hemideletion were aligned to Waxholm space and clusters obtained by sex-specific group comparisons were analyzed to determine which gene(s) showed the highest expression in these regions. We found pronounced sex-specific changes in male animals with increased fractional anisotropy in medial fiber tracts, especially in those proximate to the striatum. Moreover, we were able to identify gene expression patterns spatially overlapping with male-specific structural changes that were associated with neurite outgrowth and the MAPK pathway. Of note, previous molecular studies have found convergent changes that point to a sex-specific dysregulation of MAPK signaling. This convergent evidence supports the idea that ISH maps can be used to meaningfully analyze imaging data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Jangir Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance Brain, Juelich/Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Nicola M Grissom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E McKee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Bowman
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Teresa M Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Ted Abel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance Brain, Juelich/Aachen, Germany.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA.
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11
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Mei C, Fedorenko E, Amor DJ, Boys A, Hoeflin C, Carew P, Burgess T, Fisher SE, Morgan AT. Deep phenotyping of speech and language skills in individuals with 16p11.2 deletion. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:676-686. [PMID: 29445122 PMCID: PMC5945616 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent deletions of a ~600-kb region of 16p11.2 have been associated with a highly penetrant form of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Yet prior findings have been based on a small, potentially biased sample using retrospectively collected data. We examine the prevalence of CAS in a larger cohort of individuals with 16p11.2 deletion using a prospectively designed assessment battery. The broader speech and language phenotype associated with carrying this deletion was also examined. 55 participants with 16p11.2 deletion (47 children, 8 adults) underwent deep phenotyping to test for the presence of CAS and other speech and language diagnoses. Standardized tests of oral motor functioning, speech production, language, and non-verbal IQ were conducted. The majority of children (77%) and half of adults (50%) met criteria for CAS. Other speech outcomes were observed including articulation or phonological errors (i.e., phonetic and cognitive-linguistic errors, respectively), dysarthria (i.e., neuromuscular speech disorder), minimal verbal output, and even typical speech in some. Receptive and expressive language impairment was present in 73% and 70% of children, respectively. Co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions (e.g., autism) and non-verbal IQ did not correlate with the presence of CAS. Findings indicate that CAS is highly prevalent in children with 16p11.2 deletion with symptoms persisting into adulthood for many. Yet CAS occurs in the context of a broader speech and language profile and other neurobehavioral deficits. Further research will elucidate specific genetic and neural pathways leading to speech and language deficits in individuals with 16p11.2 deletions, resulting in more targeted speech therapies addressing etiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mei
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Amor
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amber Boys
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caitlyn Hoeflin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carew
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Trent Burgess
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Angela T Morgan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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16p11.2 transcription factor MAZ is a dosage-sensitive regulator of genitourinary development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1849-E1858. [PMID: 29432158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) birth defects are among the most common yet least studied congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) have high morbidity and mortality rates and account for ∼30% of structural birth defects. Copy number variation (CNV) mapping revealed that 16p11.2 is a hotspot for GU development. The only gene covered collectively by all of the mapped GU-patient CNVs was MYC-associated zinc finger transcription factor (MAZ), and MAZ CNV frequency is enriched in nonsyndromic GU-abnormal patients. Knockdown of MAZ in HEK293 cells results in differential expression of several WNT morphogens required for normal GU development, including Wnt11 and Wnt4. MAZ knockdown also prevents efficient transition into S phase, affects transcription of cell-cycle regulators, and abrogates growth of human embryonic kidney cells. Murine Maz is ubiquitously expressed, and a CRISPR-Cas9 mouse model of Maz deletion results in perinatal lethality with survival rates dependent on Maz copy number. Homozygous loss of Maz results in high penetrance of CAKUTs, and Maz is haploinsufficient for normal bladder development. MAZ, once thought to be a simple housekeeping gene, encodes a dosage-sensitive transcription factor that regulates urogenital development and contributes to both nonsyndromic congenital malformations of the GU tract as well as the 16p11.2 phenotype.
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Rodà D, Gabau E, Baena N, Guitart M. [Phenotype variability in thirteen 16p11.2 deletion patients]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2017; 89:62-63. [PMID: 29037952 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodà
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Fundació Parc Taulí Institut Universitari UAB, Sabadell, España.
| | - Elisabeth Gabau
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Fundació Parc Taulí Institut Universitari UAB, Sabadell, España
| | - Neus Baena
- Laboratorio de Genética, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Fundació Parc Taulí Institut Universitari UAB, Sabadell, España
| | - Miriam Guitart
- Laboratorio de Genética, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Fundació Parc Taulí Institut Universitari UAB, Sabadell, España
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14
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Owen JP, Bukshpun P, Pojman N, Thieu T, Chen Q, Lee J, D'Angelo D, Glenn OA, Hunter JV, Berman JI, Roberts TP, Buckner R, Nagarajan SS, Mukherjee P, Sherr EH. Brain MR Imaging Findings and Associated Outcomes in Carriers of the Reciprocal Copy Number Variation at 16p11.2. Radiology 2017; 286:217-226. [PMID: 28786752 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017162934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To identify developmental neuroradiologic findings in a large cohort of carriers who have deletion and duplication at 16p11.2 (one of the most common genetic causes of autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) and assess how these features are associated with behavioral and cognitive outcomes. Materials and Methods Seventy-nine carriers of a deletion at 16p11.2 (referred to as deletion carriers; age range, 1-48 years; mean age, 12.3 years; 42 male patients), 79 carriers of a duplication at 16p11.2 (referred to as duplication carriers; age range, 1-63 years; mean age, 24.8 years; 43 male patients), 64 unaffected family members (referred to as familial noncarriers; age range, 1-46 years; mean age, 11.7 years; 31 male participants), and 109 population control participants (age range, 6-64 years; mean age, 25.5 years; 64 male participants) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Participants underwent structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and completed cognitive and behavioral tests. MR images were reviewed for development-related abnormalities by neuroradiologists. Differences in frequency were assessed with a Fisher exact test corrected for multiple comparisons. Unsupervised machine learning was used to cluster radiologic features and an association between clusters and cognitive and behavioral scores from IQ testing, and parental measures of development were tested by using analysis of covariance. Volumetric analysis with automated segmentation was used to confirm radiologic interpretation. Results For deletion carriers, the most prominent features were dysmorphic and thicker corpora callosa compared with familial noncarriers and population control participants (16%; P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) and a greater likelihood of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (30.7%; P < .002 and P < .001, respectively) and Chiari I malformations (9.3%; P < .299 and P < .002, respectively). For duplication carriers, the most salient findings compared with familial noncarriers and population control participants were reciprocally thinner corpora callosa (18.6%; P < .003 and P < .001, respectively), decreased white matter volume (22.9%; P < .001, and P < .001, respectively), and increased ventricular volume (24.3%; P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). By comparing cognitive assessments to imaging findings, the presence of any imaging feature associated with deletion carriers indicated worse daily living, communication, and social skills compared with deletion carriers without any radiologic abnormalities (P < .005, P < .002, and P < .004, respectively). For the duplication carriers, presence of decreased white matter, callosal volume, and/or increased ventricle size was associated with decreased full-scale and verbal IQ scores compared with duplication carriers without these findings (P < .007 and P < .004, respectively). Conclusion In two genetically related cohorts at high risk for ASD, reciprocal neuroanatomic abnormalities were found and determined to be associated with cognitive and behavioral impairments. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Owen
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Polina Bukshpun
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Nicholas Pojman
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Tony Thieu
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Qixuan Chen
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Jihui Lee
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Debra D'Angelo
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Orit A Glenn
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Jill V Hunter
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Timothy P Roberts
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Randy Buckner
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P.O., O.A.G., S.S.N., P.M.) and Neurology (P.B., N.P., T.T., E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (Q.C., J.L., D.D.); Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Tex (J.V.H.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (J.I.B., T.P.R.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass (R.B.)
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15
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Blackmon K, Thesen T, Green S, Ben-Avi E, Wang X, Fuchs B, Kuzniecky R, Devinsky O. Focal Cortical Anomalies and Language Impairment in 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:2422-2430. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Blackmon
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience, and Behavioral Sciences, St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Thomas Thesen
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience, and Behavioral Sciences, St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Green
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Ben-Avi
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience, and Behavioral Sciences, St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruben Kuzniecky
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Hudac CM, Stessman HAF, DesChamps TD, Kresse A, Faja S, Neuhaus E, Webb SJ, Eichler EE, Bernier RA. Exploring the heterogeneity of neural social indices for genetically distinct etiologies of autism. J Neurodev Disord 2017; 9:24. [PMID: 28559932 PMCID: PMC5446693 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-017-9199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder. Promising initiatives utilizing interdisciplinary characterization of ASD suggest phenotypic subtypes related to specific likely gene-disrupting mutations (LGDMs). However, the role of functionally associated LGDMs in the neural social phenotype is unknown. Methods In this study of 26 children with ASD (n = 13 with an LGDM) and 13 control children, we characterized patterns of mu attenuation and habituation as children watched videos containing social and nonsocial motions during electroencephalography acquisition. Results Diagnostic comparisons were consistent with prior work suggesting aberrant mu attenuation in ASD within the upper mu band (10–12 Hz), but typical patterns within the lower mu band (8–10 Hz). Preliminary exploration indicated distinct social sensitization patterns (i.e., increasing mu attenuation for social motion) for children with an LGDM that is primarily expressed during embryonic development. In contrast, children with an LGDM primarily expressed post-embryonic development exhibited stable typical patterns of lower mu attenuation. Neural social indices were associated with social responsiveness, but not cognition. Conclusions These findings suggest unique neurophysiological profiles for certain genetic etiologies of ASD, further clarifying possible genetic functional subtypes of ASD and providing insight into mechanisms for targeted treatment approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11689-017-9199-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Holly A F Stessman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Trent D DesChamps
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Anna Kresse
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Disabilities, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145 USA
| | - Susan Faja
- Boston Children's Hospital and Division of Developmental Medicine, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Emily Neuhaus
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Disabilities, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145 USA
| | - Sara Jane Webb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.,Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Disabilities, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145 USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, CHDD Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.,Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Disabilities, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145 USA
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17
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Arbogast T, Ouagazzal AM, Chevalier C, Kopanitsa M, Afinowi N, Migliavacca E, Cowling BS, Birling MC, Champy MF, Reymond A, Herault Y. Reciprocal Effects on Neurocognitive and Metabolic Phenotypes in Mouse Models of 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication Syndromes. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005709. [PMID: 26872257 PMCID: PMC4752317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16p11.2 600 kb BP4-BP5 deletion and duplication syndromes have been associated with developmental delay; autism spectrum disorders; and reciprocal effects on the body mass index, head circumference and brain volumes. Here, we explored these relationships using novel engineered mouse models carrying a deletion (Del/+) or a duplication (Dup/+) of the Sult1a1-Spn region homologous to the human 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 locus. On a C57BL/6N inbred genetic background, Del/+ mice exhibited reduced weight and impaired adipogenesis, hyperactivity, repetitive behaviors, and recognition memory deficits. In contrast, Dup/+ mice showed largely opposite phenotypes. On a F1 C57BL/6N × C3B hybrid genetic background, we also observed alterations in social interaction in the Del/+ and the Dup/+ animals, with other robust phenotypes affecting recognition memory and weight. To explore the dosage effect of the 16p11.2 genes on metabolism, Del/+ and Dup/+ models were challenged with high fat and high sugar diet, which revealed opposite energy imbalance. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the majority of the genes located in the Sult1a1-Spn region were sensitive to dosage with a major effect on several pathways associated with neurocognitive and metabolic phenotypes. Whereas the behavioral consequence of the 16p11 region genetic dosage was similar in mice and humans with activity and memory alterations, the metabolic defects were opposite: adult Del/+ mice are lean in comparison to the human obese phenotype and the Dup/+ mice are overweight in comparison to the human underweight phenotype. Together, these data indicate that the dosage imbalance at the 16p11.2 locus perturbs the expression of modifiers outside the CNV that can modulate the penetrance, expressivity and direction of effects in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Arbogast
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Abdel-Mouttalib Ouagazzal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Claire Chevalier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Maksym Kopanitsa
- Synome Ltd, Moneta Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nurudeen Afinowi
- Synome Ltd, Moneta Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Migliavacca
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Belinda S. Cowling
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marie-France Champy
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS; CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- * E-mail:
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18
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Berman JI, Chudnovskaya D, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Mukherjee P, Buckner R, Nagarajan S, Chung WK, Sherr EH, Roberts TPL. Relationship between M100 Auditory Evoked Response and Auditory Radiation Microstructure in 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication Carriers. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1178-84. [PMID: 26869473 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Deletion and duplication of chromosome 16p11.2 (BP4-BP5) have been associated with developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, and deletion subjects exhibit a large (20-ms) delay of the auditory evoked cortical response as measured by magnetoencephalography (M100 latency). The purpose of this study was to use a multimodal approach to test whether changes in white matter microstructure are associated with delayed M100 latency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty pediatric deletion carriers, 9 duplication carriers, and 39 control children were studied with both magnetoencephalography and diffusion MR imaging. The M100 latency and auditory system DTI measures were compared between groups and tested for correlation. RESULTS In controls, white matter diffusivity significantly correlated with the speed of the M100 response. However, the relationship between structure and function appeared uncoupled in 16p11.2 copy number variation carriers. The alterations to auditory system white matter microstructure in the 16p11.2 deletion only partially accounted for the 20-ms M100 delay. Although both duplication and deletion groups exhibit abnormal white matter microstructure, only the deletion group has delayed M100 latency. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that gene dosage impacts factors other than white matter microstructure, which modulate conduction velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Berman
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Radiology (J.I.B., T.P.L.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D Chudnovskaya
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - L Blaskey
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Kuschner
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - R Buckner
- Department of Psychology (R.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - S Nagarajan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (S.N., W.K.C.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - W K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (S.N., W.K.C.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - E H Sherr
- Neurology (E.H.S.), University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - T P L Roberts
- From the Department of Radiology (J.I.B., D.C., L.B., E.K., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Radiology (J.I.B., T.P.L.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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