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Binmujlli MA. Radiological and Molecular Analysis of Radioiodinated Anastrozole and Epirubicin as Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals Targeting Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 2 in Solid Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:616. [PMID: 38794278 PMCID: PMC11126143 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic field of radiopharmaceuticals, innovating targeted agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy is crucial. Our study enriches this evolving landscape by evaluating the potential of radioiodinated anastrozole ([125I]anastrozole) and radioiodinated epirubicin ([125I]epirubicin) as targeting agents against MTHFD2-driven tumors. MTHFD2, which is pivotal in one-carbon metabolism, is notably upregulated in various cancers, presenting a novel target for radiopharmaceutical application. Through molecular docking and 200 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we assess the binding efficiency and stability of [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin with MTHFD2. Molecular docking illustrates that [125I]epirubicin has a superior binding free energy (∆Gbind) of -41.25 kJ/mol compared to -39.07 kJ/mol for [125I]anastrozole and -38.53 kJ/mol for the control ligand, suggesting that it has a higher affinity for MTHFD2. MD simulations reinforce this, showing stable binding, as evidenced by root mean square deviation (RMSD) values within a narrow range, underscoring the structural integrity of the enzyme-ligand complexes. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis indicates consistent dynamic behavior of the MTHFD2 complex upon binding with [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin akin to the control. The radius of gyration (RG) measurements of 16.90 Å for MTHFD2-[125I]anastrozole and 16.84 Å for MTHFD2-[125I]epirubicin confirm minimal structural disruption upon binding. The hydrogen bond analysis reveals averages of two and three stable hydrogen bonds for [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin complexes, respectively, highlighting crucial stabilizing interactions. The MM-PBSA calculations further endorse the thermodynamic favorability of these interactions, with binding free energies of -48.49 ± 0.11 kJ/mol for [125I]anastrozole and -43.8 kJ/mol for MTHFD2-. The significant contribution of Van der Waals and electrostatic interactions to the binding affinities of [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin, respectively, underscores their potential efficacy for targeted tumor imaging and therapy. These computational findings lay the groundwork for the future experimental validation of [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin as MTHFD2 inhibitors, heralding a notable advancement in precision oncology tools. The data necessitate subsequent in vitro and in vivo assays to corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Abdulrahman Binmujlli
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Alle M, Sharma G, Lee SH, Kim JC. Next-generation engineered nanogold for multimodal cancer therapy and imaging: a clinical perspectives. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:222. [PMID: 35778747 PMCID: PMC9250257 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the significant threats to human life. Although various latest technologies are currently available to treat cancer, it still accounts for millions of death each year worldwide. Thus, creating a need for more developed and novel technologies to combat this deadly condition. Nanoparticles-based cancer therapeutics have offered a promising approach to treat cancer effectively while minimizing adverse events. Among various nanoparticles, nanogold (AuNPs) are biocompatible and have proved their efficiency in treating cancer because they can reach tumors via enhanced permeability and retention effect. The size and shape of the AuNPs are responsible for their diverse therapeutic behavior. Thus, to modulate their therapeutic values, the AuNPs can be synthesized in various shapes, such as spheres, cages, flowers, shells, prisms, rods, clusters, etc. Also, attaching AuNPs with single or multiple targeting agents can facilitate the active targeting of AuNPs to the tumor tissue. The AuNPs have been much explored for photothermal therapy (PTT) to treat cancer. In addition to PTT, AuNPs-based nanoplatforms have been investigated for combinational multimodal therapies in the last few years, including photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, etc., to ablate cancer cells. Thus, the present review focuses on the recent advancements in the functionalization of AuNPs-based nanoconstructs for cancer imaging and therapy using combinatorial multimodal approaches to treat various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan Alle
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Li C, Zeng X, Qiu S, Gu Y, Zhang Y. Nanomedicine for urologic cancers: diagnosis and management. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:463-475. [PMID: 35660001 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Urologic cancers accounted for more than 2 million new cases and around 0.8 million deaths in 2020. Although surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, as well as castration for prostate cancer, remain the cornerstones for managing urologic neoplasms, they can result in severe adverse effects, poor patient compliance, and unsatisfactory survival rates, thus, it is essential to develop novel options that enable the early detection of these malignancies, together with providing accurate diagnoses, and more efficient treatment strategies. Nanomedicine represents an emerging approach that can deliver formulations or drugs across traditional biological barriers in the body and be directed to specific cell types within target organs via active targeting or passive targeting, thus, showing potential to improve the management of urologic cancers. In this review, we discussed the most recent updates on the application of nanomedicines in the diagnosis and treatment of urologic cancers, with focus on prostate, bladder and kidney tumors. We also presented the anti-tumor molecular mechanisms of newly designed nanomedicine for treating urologic cancers, mainly including image-guided surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and their synergetic therapy. Current studies have demonstrated the potential advantages of nanomedicine over conventional approaches. However, most developments and new findings in this area have not been validated in clinical trials yet, and therefore, efforts shall be made to translate these research insights into clinical practices for urologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Li
- Biomedical Big Data Center, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- Biomedical Big Data Center, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghong Gu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Brouns F, Shewry PR. Do gluten peptides stimulate weight gain in humans? NUTR BULL 2022; 47:186-198. [PMID: 35915782 PMCID: PMC9328276 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Observations from animal and in vitro laboratory research, and anecdotal evidence, have led to the suggestion that gluten consumption stimulates weight gain by the presence of peptides expressing opioid activity. Another proposed mechanism is that gluten peptides decrease resting energy expenditure resulting in a positive energy balance. In order to induce such effects in vivo, intact food peptides must be absorbed in sufficient quantities, remain intact in the blood for sufficient time to have long-lasting biological activity and bind to receptors involved in appetite, satiety and energy regulation. However, although peptides from food may pass from the intestine into the blood in extremely low quantities, they are generally rapidly degraded by plasma and vasculum-bound aminopeptidases, resulting in very short half-lives and loss of bioactivity. At present, gluten peptide sequences that influence regulators of energy metabolism have not been identified. Furthermore, data on the quantitative absorption of gluten peptides in the blood stream, their stability and lasting bioactivity are also lacking. Therefore, there is no evidence for proposed effects on driving appetite by the brain, nor on energy expenditure and weight gain. Furthermore, the level of overweight observed in various countries appears to be independent of the level of wheat consumption, and abundant observational evidence in humans shows that the levels of gluten consumption are neither related to daily calorie intake nor to BMI. This narrative review therefore discusses the proposed effects of gluten on bodyweight (BW) and putative biological mechanisms in the light of the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Brouns
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Tangthong T, Piroonpan T, Thipe VC, Khoobchandani M, Katti K, Katti KV, Pasanphan W. Bombesin Peptide Conjugated Water-Soluble Chitosan Gallate-A New Nanopharmaceutical Architecture for the Rapid One-Pot Synthesis of Prostate Tumor Targeted Gold Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6957-6981. [PMID: 34675516 PMCID: PMC8520890 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s327045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We report herein bombesin peptide conjugated water-soluble chitosan gallate as a template for rapid one-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with capabilities to target receptors on prostate cancer cells. METHODS Water-soluble chitosan (WCS), anchored with gallic acid (GA) and LyslLys3 (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo dodecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) bombesin 1-14 (DBBN) peptide, provides a tumor targeting nanomedicine agent. WCS nanoplatforms provide attractive strategies with built-in capabilities to reduce gold (III) to gold nanoparticles with stabilizing and tumor-targeting capabilities. WCS-GA-DBBN encapsulation around gold nanoparticles affords optimum in vitro stability. RESULTS The DBBN content in the WCS-GA-DBBN sample was ~27%w/w. The antioxidant activities of WCS-GA and WCS-GA-DBBN nanocolloids were enhanced by 12 times as compared to the nascent WCS. AuNPs with a desirable hydrodynamic diameter range of 40-60 nm have been efficiently synthesized using WCS-GA and WCS-GA-DBBN platforms. The AuNPs were stable over 4 days after preparation and ~3 days after subjecting to all relevant biological fluids. The AuNPs capped with WCS-GA-DBBN peptide exhibited superior cellular internalization into prostate tumor (PC-3) cells with evidence of receptor mediated endocytosis. CONCLUSION The AuNPs capped with WCS-GA-DBBN exhibited selective affinity toward prostate cancer cells. AuNPs conjugated with WCS-GA-DBBN serve as a new generation of theranostic agents for treating various neoplastic diseases, thus opening-up new applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeranan Tangthong
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thananchai Piroonpan
- Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Velaphi C Thipe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Menka Khoobchandani
- Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kavita Katti
- Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kattesh V Katti
- Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Wanvimol Pasanphan
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Roeinfard M, Zahedifar M, Darroudi M, Sadri K, Khorsand Zak A. Preparation of Technetium Labeled-Graphene Quantum Dots and Investigation of Their Bio Distribution. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maqbool F, Falconer JR, Moyle PM. Supercritical fluid assembly of albendazole liposomes targeting gastrin-releasing peptide receptor overexpressing tumors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1315-1330. [PMID: 32484025 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop albendazole (ABZ)-loaded bombesin(6-14) (BBN(6-14)) functionalized liposomes for targeting GRPR to enhance delivery to cancer cells. Materials & methods: ABZ-loaded liposomes were formulated using supercritical CO2 technology; functionalized with a GRPR-targeted lipid-anchored BBN(6-14) peptide; and evaluated for effects on cell viability, particle size and targeted cell uptake. Results: BBN(6-14)-coated ABZ liposomes decreased cell viability compared with nonfunctionalized ABZ liposomes. The level of GRPR expression positively correlated with intracellular uptake and decreased cell viability. The reduced cell viability, higher cell uptake and GRPR expression were observed in the order PC-3 > Caco-2 > HepG2 cells. Conclusion: BBN(6-14)-functionalized ABZ liposomes showed enhanced reduction in cell viability compared with nonfunctionalized ABZ liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Maqbool
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - James R Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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Uehara T, Sensui A, Ishioka S, Mizuno Y, Takahashi S, Takemori H, Suzuki H, Arano Y. Manipulating Pharmacokinetics of Purification-Free 99mTc-Labeled Bivalent Probes for In Vivo Imaging of Saturable Targets. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1621-1628. [PMID: 32275437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of 99mTc-labeled probes targeting saturable systems of the body is hindered by the presence of a large excess of unlabeled ligands needed to ensure high radiochemical yields in a short reaction time. To address the issue, we recently reported a novel concept of a metal-coordination-mediated synthesis of a bivalent 99mTc-labeled probe from a monovalent ligand using d-penicillamine (Pen) as a chelating molecule and c(RGDfK) as a model targeting device. The Pen-conjugated c(RGDfK) via a hexanoate linkage (Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK)) provided a bivalent [99mTc]Tc-[(Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK))2 that possessed much higher integrin αvβ3 binding affinity than Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK) and visualized a murine tumor without purification. However, high radioactivity levels were observed in the abdominal regions, which necessitated improved pharmacokinetics of the probes for practical applications. In this study, a pharmacokinetic (PK) modifier was introduced to manipulate the pharmacokinetics of the 99mTc-Pen2-based bivalent probe. The Hx linkage in Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK) was replaced with acetyl-d-serine-d-serine-glycine (Ac-ssG) or hexanoyl-d-serine-d-serine-d-serine (Hx-sss) to prepare Pen-Ac-ssG-c(RGDfK) or Pen-Hx-sss-c(RGDfK). Pen-Ac-ssG-c(RGDfK) impaired the complexation ability of Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK), and a monovalent 99mTc-labeled compound was generated at low ligand concentration. However, Pen-Hx-sss-c(RGDfK) provided the objective bivalent 99mTc-labeled probe in high radiochemical yields at a concentration similar to that of Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK). [99mTc]Tc-[Pen-Hx-sss-c(RGDfK)]2 also possessed stability and integrin αvβ3 binding affinity similar to those of [99mTc]Tc-[Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK)]2. As a result, [99mTc]Tc-[Pen-Hx-sss-c(RGDfK)]2 exhibited tumor and abdominal radioactivity levels similar to and significantly lower than those of [99mTc]Tc-[Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK)]2. These findings indicate the incorporation of a tripeptide PK modifier to Pen-Hx-c(RGDfK) preserved the complexation ability and improved the pharmacokinetics of the resulting 99mTc-labeled bivalent probe without impairing the targeting ability. Thus, the [Pen-Hx-(PK modifier)-(targeting device)] would constitute a basic formulation for preparing the 99mTc-Pen2-based bivalent probes for imaging saturable targets of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sensui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shiori Ishioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shiori Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takemori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Abstract
The knowledge on element 43 (Tc) of the periodic table, built over the years through the contributions given by the close relationship between chemistry and nuclear medicine, allowed the development of new and increasingly effective radiopharmaceuticals useful both as perfusion and target specific imaging agents for SPECT (single photon emission tomography). Among the manifold Tc-compounds, Tc(V) nitrido complexes played a relevant role in the search for new technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals, providing efficient labeling procedures that can be conveniently exploited for the design and synthesis of agents, also incorporating small organic molecules or peptides having defined structural features. With this work, we present an overview of four decades of research on the chemistry and on the nuclear medicine applications of Tc(V) nitrido complexes.
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Docking, synthesis, in-vitro evaluation, and optimization of reaction conditions for direct radiolabeling of CGPRPPC with technetium-99m through the GAGG sequence. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:976-982. [PMID: 30212401 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With respect to the reported promising results of cyclic peptide CGPRPPC in early detection of thrombotic lesions, we developed a practical approach for technetium-99m labeling of this peptide using the Glycine-Alanine-Glycine-Glycine (GAGG) sequence as a chelating moiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS The peptide conjugated to GAGG was prepared using the solid-phase method. The optimization of radiolabeling conditions was performed on the basis of such variables as incubation time, reaction temperature, pH, and concentration of peptide and stannous chloride. Moreover, the stability and fibrin-binding affinity of the radiolabeled peptide were measured. The peptide-fibrin interactions were analyzed by docking studies using HEX and Auto dock 4.2. Softwares. RESULTS The amounts of synthesized peptide and stannous chloride required for optimal radiolabeling through GAGG were 10 µmol/l and 5 µg, respectively. The best radiochemical purity% (>93%) was achieved at pH 7-8 within 15 min and a reaction temperature of 37°C. On the basis of in silico and in-vitro results, the GAGG-conjugated CGPRPPC peptide showed better binding affinity versus the HYNIC-conjugated one. CONCLUSION We could radiolabel the fibrin-targeting peptide with high radiochemical purity% and stability during a short incubation period without a boiling step. Compared with the HYNIC-conjugated peptide, a higher binding affinity was found. Therefore, the GAGG chelating moiety possesses a considerable potentiality in Technetium 99m labeling of peptides while CGPRPPC maintains its binding properties to thrombotic lesions.
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Bolzati C, Salvarese N, Carpanese D, Seraglia R, Meléndez-Alafort L, Rosato A, Capasso D, Saviano M, Del Gatto A, Comegna D, Zaccaro L. [ 99mTc][Tc(N)PNP43]-Labeled RGD Peptides As New Probes for a Selective Detection of αvβ 3 Integrin: Synthesis, Structure-Activity and Pharmacokinetic Studies. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9596-9610. [PMID: 30278131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
New integrin-selective molecules suitable for therapeutic or imaging purposes are currently of interest in development of effective personalized medical platforms. RGDechi is a bifunctional peptide selective for integrin αvβ3. Herein, RGDechi and three truncated derivatives functionalized with a cysteine (1-4) were synthesized and labeled with the [99mTc][Tc(N)PNP43]-synthon ([PNP43 = (CH3)2P(CH2)2N(C2H4OCH3)(CH2)2P(CH3)2]) (99mTc1-4) as a basis for selective integrin recognition. The pharmacological parameters of all radiolabeled peptides were assessed along with the pharmacokinetic profiles of the most promising 99mTc1 and 99mTc2 compounds both on healthy and melanoma-bearing mice. Their metabolism and metabolite identification are also reported. 99mTc1-2 are able to discriminate between endogenously expressed integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 and possess favorable pharmacokinetics characterized by low liver uptake and rapid elimination from nontarget tissues resulting in positive target-to-nontarget ratios. Results are encouraging; the presented construct can be considered the starting point for the development of agents for the selective detection of αvβ3 expression by SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bolzati
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR , Corso Stati Uniti, 4 , 35127 Padova , Italy
| | - Nicola Salvarese
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR , Corso Stati Uniti, 4 , 35127 Padova , Italy
| | - Debora Carpanese
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS , Via Gattamelata, 64 , 35128 Padova , Italy
| | - Roberta Seraglia
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy ICMATE-CNR , Corso Stati Uniti, 4 , 35127 Padova , Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS , Via Gattamelata, 64 , 35128 Padova , Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology , University of Padua , via Gattamelata, 64 , 35138 Padova , Italy
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples '' Federico II '', Naples , Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Cristallography IC-CNR , Via Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Annarita Del Gatto
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging IBB-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Napoli , Italy
| | - Daniela Comegna
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging IBB-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Napoli , Italy
| | - Laura Zaccaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging IBB-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Napoli , Italy
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Evaluation of new 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-bombesin analogue for prostate cancer imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Narmani A, Yavari K, Mohammadnejad J. Imaging, biodistribution and in vitro study of smart 99mTc-PAMAM G4 dendrimer as novel nano-complex. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:232-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Torabizadeh SA, Abedi SM, Noaparast Z, Hosseinimehr SJ. Comparative assessment of a 99m Tc labeled H1299.2-HYNIC peptide bearing two different co-ligands for tumor-targeted imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2583-2592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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De K, Banerjee I, Sinha S, Ganguly S. Synthesis and exploration of novel radiolabeled bombesin peptides for targeting receptor positive tumor. Peptides 2017; 89:17-34. [PMID: 28088445 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence of peptide receptor overexpression in various cancer cells, warrant the development of receptor specific radiolabeled peptides for molecular imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine. Gastrin-releasing-peptide (GRP) receptor, are overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells. The present study report the synthesis and biological evaluation of new bombesin (BBN) analogs, HYNIC-Asp-[Phe13]BBN(7-13)-NH-CH2-CH2-CH3:BA1, HYNIC-Pro-[Tyr13Met14]BBN(7-14)NH2:BA2 as prospective tumor imaging agent with compare to BBN(7-14)NH2:BS as standard. The pharmacophores were radiolabeled in high yields with 99mTc, characterized for their stability in serum and saline, cysteine/histidine and were found to be substantially stable. Internalization/externalization and receptor binding studies were assessed using MDA-MB-231 cells and showed high receptor binding-affinity and favourable internalization. Fluorescence studies revealed that BA1 changed the morphology of the cells and could localize in the nucleus more effectively than BA2/BS. Cell-viability studies displayed substantial antagonistic and nuclear-internalization effect of BA1. BA1 also exhibited antiproliferative effect on MDA-MB-231 cell by inducing apoptosis. In vivo behaviour of the radiopeptides was evaluated in GRP receptor positive tumor bearing mice. The 99mTc-BA1/99mTc-BA2 demonstrated rapid blood/urinary clearance through the renal pathway and comparatively more significant tumor uptake image and favourable tumor-to-non-target ratios provided by 99mTc-BA1. The specificity of the in vivo uptake was confirmed by co-injection with BS. Moreover, 99mTc-BA1 provided a much clearer tumor image in scintigraphic studies than others. Thus the combination of favourable in vitro and in vivo properties renders BA1 as more potential antagonist bombesin-peptide for targeting GRP-receptor positive tumor. These properties are encouraging to carry out further experiments for non-invasive receptor targeting potential diagnostinc and therapeutic agent for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakali De
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division (Nuclear Medicine Laboratory), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division (Nuclear Medicine Laboratory), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Samarendu Sinha
- Regional Radiation Medicine Center, Thakurpukur Cancer Center and Welfare Home Campus, Kolkata, 700 063, India
| | - Shantanu Ganguly
- Regional Radiation Medicine Center, Thakurpukur Cancer Center and Welfare Home Campus, Kolkata, 700 063, India
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Ferreira CDA, Fuscaldi LL, Townsend DM, Rubello D, Barros ALBD. Radiolabeled bombesin derivatives for preclinical oncological imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:58-72. [PMID: 28040598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts, cancer is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths each year, according to the World Health Organization. Among the strategies to reduce cancer progression and improving its management, implementing early detection technologies is crucial. Based on the fact that several types of cancer cells overexpress surface receptors, small molecule ligands, such as peptides, have been developed to allow tumor identification at earlier stages. Allied with imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT, radiolabeled peptides play a pivotal role in nuclear medicine. Bombesin, a peptide of 14 amino acids, is an amphibian homolog to the mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), that has been extensively studied as a targeting ligand for diagnosis and therapy of GRP positive tumors, such as breast, pancreas, lungs and prostate cancers. In this context, herein we provide a review of reported bombesin derivatives radiolabeled with a multitude of radioactive isotopes for diagnostic purposes in the preclinical setting. Moreover, since animal models are highly relevant for assessing the potential of clinical translation of this radiopeptides, a brief report of the currently used GRP-positive tumor-bearing animal models is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Lima Fuscaldi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, NeuroRadiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Feasibility study with 99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) as an agent to early visualization of lung tumour cells in nude mice. Nucl Med Commun 2016; 37:372-6. [PMID: 26629771 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM More sensitive and accurate imaging approaches for early detection and therapy monitoring of lung tumours are needed to ameliorate prognosis and outcome. Lung tumours are known to overexpress receptors for bombesin-like peptides. However, thus far, no study has demonstrated the potential role of bombesin-like peptides in identifying A549 lung tumour cells in xenograft animal models. Thus, we evaluate the feasibility of Tc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) as an imaging probe in lung cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Xenograft lung tumours were implanted in nude mice and evaluated by histopathological analysis. Tumours were easily visualized by Tc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) within 30 days after inoculation of the A549 cell line into mice. Scintigraphic images showed high tumour-to-background ratio. DISCUSSION The data obtained in this study indicate that Tc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) may be useful as an imaging probe to detect A549 lung cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this specific radiocompound has been used to visualize non-small-cell lung cancer A549 in mice. Further translational research in humans is required to establish the potential role of this radiocompound in clinical practice.
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Schiper L, Faintuch BL, da Silva Badaró RJ, de Oliveira EA, Chavez VEA, Chinen E, Faintuch J. Functional investigation of bone implant viability using radiotracers in a new model of osteonecrosis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016; 71:617-625. [PMID: 27759852 PMCID: PMC5059423 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2016(10)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Conventional imaging methods are excellent for the morphological characterization of the consequences of osteonecrosis; however, only specialized techniques have been considered useful for obtaining functional information. To explore the affinity of radiotracers for severely devascularized bone, a new mouse model of isolated femur implanted in a subcutaneous abdominal pocket was devised. To maintain animal mobility and longevity, the femur was harvested from syngeneic donors. Two technetium-99m-labeled tracers targeting angiogenesis and bone matrix were selected. METHODS: Medronic acid and a homodimer peptide conjugated with RGDfK were radiolabeled with technetium-99m, and biodistribution was evaluated in Swiss mice. The grafted and control femurs were evaluated after 15, 30 and 60 days, including computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis. RESULTS: Radiolabeling achieved high (>95%) radiochemical purity. The biodistribution confirmed good blood clearance 1 hour after administration. For 99mTc-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC)-E-[c(RGDfK)2, remarkable renal excretion was observed compared to 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP), but the latter, as expected, revealed higher bone uptake. The results obtained in the control femur were equal at all time points. In the implanted femur, 99mTc-HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)2 uptake was highest after 15 days, consistent with early angiogenesis. Regarding 99mTc-MDP in the implant, similar uptake was documented at all time points, consistent with sustained bone viability; however, the uptake was lower than that detected in the control femur, as confirmed by histology. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Graft viability was successfully diagnosed using radiotracers in severely ischemic bone at all time points. 2) Analogously, indirect information about angiogenesis could be gathered using 999mTc-HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)2. 3) These techniques appear promising and warrant further studies to determine their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Schiper
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia, Bahia/BA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Victor E. Arana Chavez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Elisangela Chinen
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Joel Faintuch
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Divisão de Cirurgia Gastrointestinal, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- E-mail:
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Investigation of SP94 Peptide as a Specific Probe for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Imaging and Therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33511. [PMID: 27649935 PMCID: PMC5030711 DOI: 10.1038/srep33511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SP94 (SFSIIHTPILPL), a novel peptide, has shown specific binding to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We aimed to investigate the capability of SP94 as a targeting probe for HCC imaging and therapy following labeling with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) and rhenium-188 ((188)Re). HYNIC-SP94 was prepared by solid phase synthesis and then labeled with (99m)Tc. Cell competitive binding, internalization assay, in vitro and in vivo stability, biodistribution and micro-single photon emission computed tomography /computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging studies were performed to investigate the capability of (99m)Tc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 as a specific HCC imaging probe. Initial promising targeting results inspired evaluation of its therapeutic effect when labeled by (188)Re. HYNIC-SP94 was then labeled again with (188)Re to perform cell apoptosis, microSPECT/CT imaging evaluation and immunohistochemistry. Huh-7 cells exhibited typical apoptotic changes after (188)Re irradiation. According to (99m)Tc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 microSPECT/CT imaging, tumor uptake was significantly decreased compared with that of pre-treatment with (188)Re-HYNIC-SP94. The immunohistochemistry also displayed obvious necrosis and apoptosis as well as inhibition of proliferation in the (188)Re-HYNIC-SP94 treatment group. The results supported that (99m)Tc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 is able to target HCC cells and (188)Re-HYNIC- SP94 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for HCC, making (99m)Tc/(188)Re-HYNIC-SP94 a promising targeting probe for HCC imaging and therapy.
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Preliminary data of the antipancreatic tumor efficacy and toxicity of long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing cisplatin. Nucl Med Commun 2016; 37:727-34. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Fuscaldi LL, Dos Santos DM, Pinheiro NGS, Araújo RS, de Barros ALB, Resende JM, Fernandes SOA, de Lima ME, Cardoso VN. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of two peptide LyeTx I derivatives modified with the chelating agent HYNIC for radiolabeling with technetium-99m. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2016; 22:16. [PMID: 27110232 PMCID: PMC4841036 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current diagnostic methods and imaging techniques are not able to differentiate septic and aseptic inflammation. Thus, reliable methods are sought to provide this distinction and scintigraphic imaging is an interesting option, since it is based on physiological changes. In this context, radiolabeled antimicrobial peptides have been investigated as they accumulate in infectious sites instead of aseptic inflammation. The peptide LyeTx I, from the venom of Lycosa erythrognatha, has potent antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize LyeTx I derivatives with the chelating compound HYNIC, to evaluate their antimicrobial activity and to radiolabel them with 99mTc. Methods Two LyeTx I derivatives, HYNIC-LyeTx I (N-terminal modification) and LyeTx I-K-HYNIC (C-terminal modification), were synthesized by Fmoc strategy and purified by RP-HPLC. The purified products were assessed by RP-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS analysis. Microbiological assays were performed against S. aureus (ATCC® 6538) and E. coli (ATCC® 10536) in liquid medium to calculate the MIC. The radiolabeling procedure of LyeTx I-K-HYNIC with 99mTc was performed in the presence of co-ligands (tricine and EDDA) and reducing agent (SnCl2.2H2O), and standardized taking into account the amount of peptide, reducing agent, pH and heating. Radiochemical purity analysis was performed by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel strips and the radiolabeled compound was assessed by RP-HPLC and radioactivity measurement of the collected fractions. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (p-values < 0.05). Results Both LyeTx I derivatives were suitably synthesized and purified, as shown by RP-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS analysis. The microbiological test showed that HYNIC-LyeTx I (N-terminal modification) did not inhibit bacterial growth, whereas LyeTx I-K-HYNIC (C-terminal modification) showed a MIC of 5.05 μmol.L−1 (S. aureus) and 10.10 μmol.L−1 (E. coli). Thus, only the latter was radiolabeled with 99mTc. The radiochemical purity analysis of LyeTx I-K-HYNIC-99mTc showed that the optimal radiolabeling conditions (10 μg of LyeTx I-K-HYNIC; 250 μg of SnCl2.2H2O; pH = 7; heating for 15 min) yielded a radiochemical purity of 87 ± 1 % (n = 3). However, RP-HPLC data suggested 99mTc transchelation from LyeTx I-K-HYNIC to the co-ligands (tricine and EDDA). Conclusions The binding of HYNIC to the N-terminal portion of LyeTx I seems to affect its activity against bacteria. Nevertheless, the radiolabeling of the C-terminal derivative, LyeTx I-K-HYNIC, must be better investigated to optimize the radiolabeled compound, in order to use it as a specific imaging agent to distinguish septic and aseptic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lima Fuscaldi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Daniel Moreira Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Silva Araújo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Jarbas Magalhães Resende
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Maria Elena de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
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Silva F, Zambre A, Campello MPC, Gano L, Santos I, Ferraria AM, Ferreira MJ, Singh A, Upendran A, Paulo A, Kannan R. Interrogating the Role of Receptor-Mediated Mechanisms: Biological Fate of Peptide-Functionalized Radiolabeled Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Mice. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1153-64. [PMID: 27003101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To get a better insight on the transport mechanism of peptide-conjugated nanoparticles to tumors, we performed in vivo biological studies of bombesin (BBN) peptide functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in human prostate tumor bearing mice. Initially, we sought to compare AuNPs with thiol derivatives of acyclic and macrocyclic chelators of DTPA and DOTA types. The DTPA derivatives were unable to provide a stable coordination of (67)Ga, and therefore, the functionalization with the BBN analogues was pursued for the DOTA-containing AuNPs. The DOTA-coated AuNPs were functionalized with BBN[7-14] using a unidentate cysteine group or a bidentate thioctic group to attach the peptide. AuNPs functionalized with thioctic-BBN displayed the highest in vitro cellular internalization (≈ 25%, 15 min) in gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptor expressing cancer cells. However, these results fail to translate to in vivo tumor uptake. Biodistribution studies following intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of nanoconjugates in tumor bearing mice indicated that the presence of BBN influences to some degree the biological profile of the nanoconstructs. For IV administration, the receptor-mediated pathway appears to be outweighed by the EPR effect. By contrast, in IP administration, it is reasoned that the GRPr-mediated mechanism plays a role in pancreas uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Ferraria
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
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Wheat gluten intake increases weight gain and adiposity associated with reduced thermogenesis and energy expenditure in an animal model of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:479-86. [PMID: 26443339 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The association between gluten and body weight is inconsistent. Previously, we showed that a gluten-free diet reduces weight gain without changing food intake in mice fed high-fat diets. In the present study, we investigated the effects of gluten intake on fat metabolism, thermogenesis and energy expenditure in mice fed a standard or high-fat diet. METHODS Mice were fed four different experimental diets during 8 weeks: a control-standard diet (CD), a CD added with 4.5% of wheat gluten (CD-G), a high-fat diet (HFD) and a HFD added with 4.5% of wheat gluten (HFD-G). After 8 weeks, the mice received (99m)Tc-radiolabeled gluten orally to study gluten absorption and biodistribution or they underwent indirect calorimetry. After killing, subcutaneous and brown adipose tissues (SAT and BAT) were collected to assess thermogenesis-related protein expression. Lipid metabolism was studied in adipocyte cultures from the four groups. RESULTS Despite having had the same energy intake, CD-G and HFD-G mice exhibited increased body weight and fat deposits compared with their respective controls. (99m)Tc-GLU or its peptides were detected in the blood, liver and visceral adipose tissue, suggesting that gluten can even reach extraintestinal organs. Uncoupling protein-1 expression was reduced in the BAT of HFD-G and in the SAT of CD-G and HFD-G mice. Indirect calorimetry showed lower oxygen volume consumption in CD-G and HFD-G groups compared with their controls. In HFD mice, daily energy expenditure was reduced with gluten intake. Gluten also reduced adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPARγ and hormone-sensitive lipase in cultures of isolated adipocytes from HFD mice, whereas in the CD-G group, gluten intake increased interleukin-6 expression and tended to increase that of tumor necrosis factor. CONCLUSIONS Wheat gluten promotes weight gain in animals on both HFD and CD, partly by reducing the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissues.
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Carlesso FN, Fuscaldi LL, Araújo RS, Teixeira CS, Oliveira MC, Fernandes SOA, Cassali GD, Reis DC, Barros ALB, Cardoso VN. Evaluation of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) as an agent for pancreas tumor detection in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:923-8. [PMID: 26445336 PMCID: PMC4617119 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is important in oncology because of its high mortality
rate. Deaths may be avoided if an early diagnosis could be achieved. Several types of
tumors overexpress gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPr), including pancreatic
cancer cells. Thus, a radiolabeled peptide derivative of gastrin-releasing peptide
(GRP) may be useful as a specific imaging probe. The purpose of the present study was
to evaluate the feasibility of
using99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14)as an imaging probe for
Capan-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Xenographic pancreatic tumor was developed in nude
mice and characterized by histopathological analysis. Biodistribution studies and
scintigraphic images were carried out in tumor-bearing nude mice. The two methods
showed higher uptake by pancreatic tumor when compared to muscle (used as control),
and the tumor-to-muscle ratio indicated
that99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14)uptake was four-fold
higher in tumor cells than in other tissues. Scintigraphic images also showed a clear
signal at the tumor site. The present data indicate
that99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14)may be useful for the
detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Carlesso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - L L Fuscaldi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - R S Araújo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - C S Teixeira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - M C Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - S O A Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - G D Cassali
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - D C Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - A L B Barros
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - V N Cardoso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
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Heidari Z, Salouti M, Sariri R. Breast cancer photothermal therapy based on gold nanorods targeted by covalently-coupled bombesin peptide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:195101. [PMID: 25900323 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/19/195101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy, a minimally invasive treatment method for killing cancers cells, has generated a great deal of interest. In an effort to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects, better targeting of photoabsorbers to tumors has become a new concept in the battle against cancer. In this study, a bombesin (BBN) analog that can bind to all gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor subtypes was bound covalently with gold nanorods (GNRs) using Nanothinks acid as a link. The BBN analog was also coated with poly(ethylene glycol) to increase its stability and biocompatibility. The interactions were confirmed by ultraviolet-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A methylthiazol tetrazolium assay showed no cytotoxicity of the PEGylated GNR-BBN conjugate. The cell binding and internalization studies showed high specificity and uptake of the GNR-BBN-PEG conjugate toward breast cancer cells of the T47D cell line. The in vitro study revealed destruction of the T47D cells exposed to the new photothermal agent combined with continuous-wave near-infrared laser irradiation. The biodistribution study showed significant accumulation of the conjugate in the tumor tissue of mice with breast cancer. The in vivo photothermal therapy showed the complete disappearance of xenographted breast tumors in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Motaleb MA, Abdel-Ghaney IY, Abdel-Bary HM, Shamsel-Din HA. Synthesis, radioiodination and biological evaluation of a novel phthalimide derivative. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Feasibility of the 99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7–14) for detection of LNCaP prostate tumour in experimental model. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Jafari A, Salouti M, Shayesteh SF, Heidari Z, Rajabi AB, Boustani K, Nahardani A. Synthesis and characterization of Bombesin-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a targeted contrast agent for imaging of breast cancer using MRI. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:075101. [PMID: 25642737 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/075101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a contrast agent may facilitate their accumulation in cancer cells and enhance the sensitivity of MR imaging. In this study, SPIONs coated with dextran (DSPIONs) were conjugated with bombesin (BBN) to produce a targeting contrast agent for detection of breast cancer using MRI. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer analyses indicated the formation of dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 6.0 ± 0.5 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the conjugation of the BBN with the DSPIONs. A stability study proved the high optical stability of DSPION-BBN in human blood serum. DSPION-BBN biocompatibility was confirmed by cytotoxicity evaluation. A binding study showed the targeting ability of DSPION-BBN to bind to T47D breast cancer cells overexpressing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors. T2-weighted and T2*-weighted color map MR images were acquired. The MRI study indicated that the DSPION-BBN possessed good diagnostic ability as a GRP-specific contrast agent, with appropriate signal reduction in T2*-weighted color map MR images in mice with breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Jafari
- Nanostructure Lab, Physics Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Radioiodinated anastrozole and epirubicin as potential targeting radiopharmaceuticals for solid tumor imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Formulation and preclinical evaluation of 99mTc–gemcitabine as a novel radiopharmaceutical for solid tumor imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Fuscaldi LL, de Barros ALB, Santos CRDP, de Souza CM, Cassali GD, de Oliveira MC, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN. Evaluation of the optimal LNCaP prostate tumour developmental stage to be assessed by 99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7–14) in an experimental model. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Heidari Z, Sariri R, Salouti M. Gold nanorods-bombesin conjugate as a potential targeted imaging agent for detection of breast cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 130:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Radiochemical and radiobiological assessment of a pyridyl-S-cysteine functionalized bombesin derivative labeled with the 99mTc core. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6699-707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yurt Lambrecht F, Durkan K, Özgür A, Gündüz C, Avcı ÇB, Susluer SY. In vitroevaluation of99mTc-EDDA/tricine-HYNIC-Q-Litorin in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor positive tumor cell lines. J Drug Target 2013; 21:383-8. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.757772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sadeghzadeh N, Ahmadzadeh M, Erfani M. Evaluation of a new radiolabeled bombesin derivative with 99mTc as potential targeted tumor imaging agent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [PMID: 26224936 PMCID: PMC4513902 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors are over-expressed in various human tumor including breast and prostate which can be targeted with bombesin for diagnosis and targeted therapy. High abdominal accumulation and the poor in vivo stability of radiolabeled bombesin analogues may represent a limitation for diagnostic imaging and targeted therapy. In this study a new bombesin derivative was labeled with 99mTc via HYNIC and tricine as a coligand and investigated further. The peptide HYNIC conjugate was synthesized on a solid phase using Fmoc strategy. Labeling with 99mTc was performed at 100 °C for 10 min and radiochemical analysis involved ITLC and HPLC methods. The stability of radiopeptide was checked in the presence of human serum at 37 °C up to 24 h. Internalization was studied with the human GRP receptor cell line PC-3. The Biodistribution was studied in mice. Labeling yield of >98 % was obtained to correspond a specific activity of ~80.9 GBq/μmol. Radioconjugate internalization into PC-3 cells was high and specific (15.6 ± 1.9 % at 4 h). A high and specific uptake in GRP-receptor-positive organs such as mouse tumor and pancreas (2.11 ± 0.18 and 1.78 ± 0.09 % ID/g after 1 h respectively) was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sadeghzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Ahmadzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Erfani
- Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Varshney R, Hazari PP, Fernandez P, Schulz J, Allard M, Mishra AK. (68)Ga-labeled bombesin analogs for receptor-mediated imaging. Recent Results Cancer Res 2013; 194:221-256. [PMID: 22918762 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-27994-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted receptor-mediated imaging techniques have become crucial tools in present targeted diagnosis and radiotherapy as they provide accurate and specific diagnosis of disease information. Peptide-based pharmaceuticals are gaining popularity, and there has been vast interest in developing (68)Ga-labeled bombesin (Bn) analogs. The gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) family and its Bn analog have been implicated in the biology of several human cancers. The three bombesin receptors GRP, NMB, and BRS-3 receptor are most frequently ectopically expressed by common, important malignancies. The low expression of Bn/GRP receptors in normal tissue and relatively high expression in a variety of human tumors can be of biological importance and form a molecular basis for Bn/GRP receptor-mediated imaging. To develop a Bn-like peptide with favorable tumor targeting and pharmacokinetic characteristics for possible clinical use, several modifications in the Bn-like peptides, such as the use of a variety of chelating agents, i.e., acyclic and macrocyclic agents with different spacer groups and with different metal ions (gallium), have been performed in recent years without significant disturbance of the vital binding scaffold. The favorable physical properties of (68)Ga, i.e., short half-life, and the fast localization of small peptides make this an ideal combination to study receptor-mediated imaging in patients.
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Kit formulation for 99mTc-labeling of HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7–14). Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:2440-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Xu Y, Jiang Y, Wu B. New Agonist- and Antagonist-Based Treatment Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer. J Int Med Res 2012; 40:1217-26. [PMID: 22971474 DOI: 10.1177/147323001204000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased understanding of prostate cancer biology has led to new treatment strategies and promising new agents for treating prostate cancer, in particular peptide-based agonists and antagonists. In this review article, new therapy modalities and potential approaches for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer are discussed, including agonists and antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, antagonists of bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide, and growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin analogues. Though the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer is much improved by some of these treatment approaches, including combination treatment methods, extensive side-effects are still reported. These include sexual dysfunction, functional lesions of the liver and renal system, osteoporosis, anaemia and diarrhoea. Future studies should focus on new treatment agents and treatment approaches that can eliminate side-effects and improve quality of life in patients with prostate cancer on the basis of potent treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yf Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
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Fani M, Maecke HR. Radiopharmaceutical development of radiolabelled peptides. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39 Suppl 1:S11-30. [PMID: 22388624 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-2001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Receptor targeting with radiolabelled peptides has become very important in nuclear medicine and oncology in the past few years. The overexpression of many peptide receptors in numerous cancers, compared to their relatively low density in physiological organs, represents the molecular basis for in vivo imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy with radiolabelled peptide-based probes. The prototypes are analogs of somatostatin which are routinely used in the clinic. More recent developments include somatostatin analogs with a broader receptor subtype profile or with antagonistic properties. Many other peptide families such as bombesin, cholecystokinin/gastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/exendin, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) etc. have been explored during the last few years and quite a number of potential radiolabelled probes have been derived from them. On the other hand, a variety of strategies and optimized protocols for efficient labelling of peptides with clinically relevant radionuclides such as (99m)Tc, M(3+) radiometals ((111)In, (86/90)Y, (177)Lu, (67/68)Ga), (64/67)Cu, (18)F or radioisotopes of iodine have been developed. The labelling approaches include direct labelling, the use of bifunctional chelators or prosthetic groups. The choice of the labelling approach is driven by the nature and the chemical properties of the radionuclide. Additionally, chemical strategies, including modification of the amino acid sequence and introduction of linkers/spacers with different characteristics, have been explored for the improvement of the overall performance of the radiopeptides, e.g. metabolic stability and pharmacokinetics. Herein, we discuss the development of peptides as radiopharmaceuticals starting from the choice of the labelling method and the conditions to the design and optimization of the peptide probe, as well as some recent developments, focusing on a selected list of peptide families, including somatostatin, bombesin, cholecystokinin/gastrin, GLP-1/exendin and RGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Fani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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41
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Rossi DC, Muñoz JE, Carvalho DD, Belmonte R, Faintuch B, Borelli P, Miranda A, Taborda CP, Daffre S. Therapeutic use of a cationic antimicrobial peptide from the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana in the control of experimental candidiasis. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:28. [PMID: 22394555 PMCID: PMC3361493 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides are present in animals, plants and microorganisms and play a fundamental role in the innate immune response. Gomesin is a cationic antimicrobial peptide purified from haemocytes of the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana. It has a broad-spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa and tumour cells. Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that is part of the human microbiota. However, in immunocompromised patients, this fungus may cause skin, mucosal or systemic infections. The typical treatment for this mycosis comprises three major categories of antifungal drugs: polyenes, azoles and echinocandins; however cases of resistance to these drugs are frequently reported. With the emergence of microorganisms that are resistant to conventional antibiotics, the development of alternative treatments for candidiasis is important. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of gomesin treatment on disseminated and vaginal candidiasis as well as its toxicity and biodistribution. Results Treatment with gomesin effectively reduced Candida albicans in the kidneys, spleen, liver and vagina of infected mice. The biodistribution of gomesin labelled with technetium-99 m showed that the peptide is captured in the kidneys, spleen and liver. Enhanced production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 was detected in infected mice treated with gomesin, suggesting an immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, immunosuppressed and C. albicans-infected mice showed an increase in survival after treatment with gomesin and fluconazole. Systemic administration of gomesin was also not toxic to the mic Conclusions Gomesin proved to be effective against experimental Candida albicans infection. It can be used as an alternative therapy for candidiasis, either alone or in combination with fluconazole. Gomesin's mechanism is not fully understood, but we hypothesise that the peptide acts through the permeabilisation of the yeast membrane leading to death and/or releasing the yeast antigens that trigger the host immune response against infection. Therefore, data presented in this study reinforces the potential of gomesin as a therapeutic antifungal agent in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego C Rossi
- Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Okarvi SM, Jammaz IA. Preparation and evaluation of bombesin peptide derivatives as potential tumor imaging agents: effects of structure and composition of amino acid sequence on in vitro and in vivo characteristics. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:795-804. [PMID: 22381782 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among the many clinically relevant peptide receptor systems, bombesin (BN) receptors have attracted enormous attraction due to their overexpression in various frequently occurring human tumors including breast and prostate, thus making such receptors promising targets with radiolabeled BN analogs. The present study describes the preparation and evaluation of a series of new BN derivatives as potential tumor imaging agents. METHODS Several new BN derivatives with the common structure MAG(3)-X-BN(1-14 or 6-14), where X=Asp or Asp-Asp, were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. S-benzoylmercaptoacetic acid was incorporated at the end of synthesis via manual conjugation to yield MAG(3)-BN conjugates. Radiolabeling with (99m)Tc was accomplished by ligand exchange method. The receptor-binding affinity assays were performed in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T47-D and PC-3 cancer cell lines. In vivo biodistribution and clearance kinetics were assessed in Balb/c mice, and tumor targeting efficacy was determined in nude mice bearing breast tumor xenografts. RESULTS The peptides were prepared conveniently and radiolabeled efficiently with (99m)Tc (up to 95% labeling efficiency). In vitro cell binding assays demonstrated high affinity (values in the nanomolar range) of (99m)Tc peptides towards breast and prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, the radioconjugates displayed significant internalization (values ranged between 19% and 35%) in tumor cells. In vivo biodistribution and biokinetics are characterized by efficient clearance from the blood and variable degrees of excretion through the renal pathway. In vivo tumor targeting studies displayed variable uptake capacity of different BN derivatives, underlining the influence of specific amino acid sequence on tumor targeting profiles. Tumor uptake was always higher than the radioactivity in the blood and muscle, with good tumor retention and good tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios, indicating the potential of these agents for targeting tumors in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The combination of favorable in vitro and in vivo properties may render these BN peptides as potential candidates for targeting BN/GRP receptor-positive tumors. They deserve further evaluation to determine their real strength. The present data indeed provide useful information regarding peptide structure-pharmacologic activity relationship, which might be useful in designing and developing new BN-like peptides for efficient targeting of tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhani M Okarvi
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Faintuch BL, Oliveira EA, Nunez EGF, Moro AM, Nanda PK, Smith CJ. Comparison of two peptide radiotracers for prostate carcinoma targeting. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:163-70. [PMID: 22358242 PMCID: PMC3275116 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(02)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scintigraphy is generally not the first choice treatment for prostate cancer, although successful studies using bombesin analog radiopeptides have been performed. Recently, a novel peptide obtained using a phage display library demonstrated an affinity for prostate tumor cells. The aim of this study was to compare the use of a bombesin analog to that of a phage display library peptide (DUP-1) radiolabeled with technetium-99m for the treatment of prostate carcinoma. The peptides were first conjugated to S-acetyl-MAG3 with a 6-carbon spacer, namely aminohexanoic acid. METHODS The technetium-99m labeling required a sodium tartrate buffer. Radiochemical evaluation was performed using ITLC and was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The coefficient partition was determined, and in vitro studies were performed using human prostate tumor cells. Biodistribution was evaluated in healthy animals at various time points and also in mice bearing tumors. RESULTS The radiochemical purity of both radiotracers was greater than 95%. The DUP-1 tracer was more hydrophilic (log P = -2.41) than the bombesin tracer (log P = -0.39). The biodistribution evaluation confirmed this hydrophilicity by revealing the greater kidney uptake of DUP-1. The bombesin concentration in the pancreas was greater than that of DUP-1 due to specific gastrin-releasing peptide receptors. Bombesin internalization occurred for 78.32% of the total binding in tumor cells. The DUP-1 tracer showed very low binding to tumor cells during the in vitro evaluation, although tumor uptake for both tracers was similar. The tumors were primarily blocked by DUP1 and the bombesin radiotracer primarily targeted the pancreas. CONCLUSION Further studies with the radiolabeled DUP-1 peptide are recommended. With further structural changes, this molecule could become an efficient alternative tracer for prostate tumor diagnosis.
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Campbell-Verduyn LS, Mirfeizi L, Schoonen AK, Dierckx RA, Elsinga PH, Feringa BL. Strain-Promoted Copper-Free “Click” Chemistry for 18F Radiolabeling of Bombesin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Campbell-Verduyn LS, Mirfeizi L, Schoonen AK, Dierckx RA, Elsinga PH, Feringa BL. Strain-promoted copper-free "click" chemistry for 18F radiolabeling of bombesin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11117-20. [PMID: 21956935 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan S Campbell-Verduyn
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
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Ananias HJK, Yu Z, Dierckx RA, van der Wiele C, Helfrich W, Wang F, Yan Y, Chen X, de Jong IJ, Elsinga PH. 99mTechnetium-HYNIC(tricine/TPPTS)-Aca-Bombesin(7–14) as a Targeted Imaging Agent with MicroSPECT in a PC-3 Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1165-73. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hildo J. K. Ananias
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zilin Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Yongjun Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Igle J. de Jong
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of [188Re(N)(cys∼)(PNP)]+/0 mixed-ligand complexes as prototypes for the development of 188Re(N)-based target-specific radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 38:399-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Faintuch BL, Núñez GEF, Teodoro R, Moro AM, Mengatti J. Radiolabeled nano-peptides show specificity for an animal model of human PC3 prostate cancer cells. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:327-36. [PMID: 21484054 PMCID: PMC3059864 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer has been investigated using various pre-targeting techniques or models focusing on radiobombesin analogues; however, both are not offered together. In this study, nano-bombesin labeling by a pre-targeting system was undertaken to develop an alternative approach for prostate tumor treatment. METHODS A two-step pre-targeting system utilizing a combination of streptavidin (SA), biotinylated morpholino (B-MORF), biotinylated BBN (B-BBN) with two different spacers (b-Ala and PEG), and a radiolabeled cMORF was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Final conjugation conditions consisted of a 1:1:2 ratio of SA:B-MORF:B-BBN, followed by addition of 99mTc-cMORF to compensate for free MORF. In vitro binding experiments with prostate cancer cells (PC-3) revealed that total binding was time-dependent for the Ala spacer but not for the PEG spacer. The highest accumulation (5.06 ± 1.98 %) was achieved with 1 hour of incubation, decreasing as time progressed. Specific binding fell to 1.05 ± 0.35 %. The pre-targeting biodistribution in healthy Swiss mice was measured at different time points, with the best responses observed for 7-h and 15-h incubations. The effector, 99mTc-MAG3-cMORF, was administered 2 h later. Strong kidney excretion was always documented. The greatest tumor uptake was 2.58 ± 0.59 %ID/g at 7 h for B-bAla-BBN, with a region of interest (ROI) value of 3.9 % during imaging. The tumor/blood ratio was low due to the slow blood clearance; however, the tumor/muscle ratio was 5.95. CONCLUSIONS The pre-targeting approach with a peptide was a viable concept. Further evaluation with modified sequences of MORF, including less cytosine, and additional test intervals could be worthwhile.
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de Barros ALB, Mota LDG, Ferreira CDA, Oliveira MCD, Góes AMD, Cardoso VN. Bombesin derivative radiolabeled with technetium-99m as agent for tumor identification. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6182-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fragogeorgi EA, Zikos C, Gourni E, Bouziotis P, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Loudos G, Mitsokapas N, Xanthopoulos S, Mavri-Vavayanni M, Livaniou E, Varvarigou AD, Archimandritis SC. Spacer site modifications for the improvement of the in vitro and in vivo binding properties of (99m)Tc-N(3)S-X-bombesin[2-14] derivatives. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 20:856-67. [PMID: 19344122 DOI: 10.1021/bc800475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that gastrin releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are overexpressed in various types of cancer cells. Bombesin is an analogue of the mammalian GRP that binds with high specificity and affinity to GRPRs. Significant research efforts have been lately devoted to the design of radiolabeled 8 or 14 aminoacid bombesin (BN) peptides for the detection (either with gamma or positron emitting radionuclides) and therapy (with beta(-) emitting radionuclides) of cancer. The specific aim of the present study was to further investigate the radiolabeled peptide structure and to determine whether the total absence of a linker or the use of a basic diverse amino acid linker could influence the biodistribution profile of the new compounds for specific targeting of human prostate cancer. Thus, two new derivatives with the structure Gly-Gly-Cys-X-BN[2-14], where linker X is either zero (I) or Orn-Orn-Orn (Orn: ornithine) (II) were designed and synthesized. The corresponding (99m)Tc-BN derivatives were obtained with high radiochemical yield (>98%) and had almost identical retention times in RP-HPLC with the (185/187)Re complexes, which were also characterized by ESI-MS. Metabolic stability was found to be high in human plasma, moderate in PC-3 cells, and rather low in mouse liver and kidney homogenates for both BN derivatives studied. The BN derivative without the spacer was less stable in cell culture and liver homogenates. A satisfactory binding affinity to GRPRs, in the nanomolar range, was obtained for both BN derivatives as well as for their Re complexes, with BN (II) demonstrating the highest one. In vitro internalization/externalization assays indicated that approximately 6% of BN (I) and approximately 25% of BN (II) were internalized into PC-3 cells. In vivo evaluation in normal Swiss mice and in tumor bearing SCID mice showed that BN (II) presented higher tumor and pancreas uptake than BN (I). Small animal SPECT dynamic imaging, carried out after an injection of BN (II) in mice bearing PC-3 tumors, resulted in PC-3 tumor delineation with low background activity. Overall, this study performed for two new N(3)S-X-BN[2-14] derivatives indicated that hydrophilicity and charge strongly affected the in vitro and in vivo binding properties and the biodistribution pattern. This finding is confirmed by SPECT imaging of BN (II), which is under further in vivo evaluation for detecting cancer-positive GRPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini A Fragogeorgi
- Institute of Radioisotopes-Radiodiagnostic Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece
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