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Miao Q, Lv X, Luo L, Zhang J, Cai B. Exploring the application value of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide in the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19576-19582. [PMID: 37754747 PMCID: PMC10587939 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) and the clinical characteristics of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and the value of ProGRP in surgical treatment monitoring. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 347 patients with MTC and non-MTC malignant and benign thyroid diseases were enrolled. The concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin (CT), and ProGRP were determined by Elecsys® assays. The NSE, CEA, CT, and ProGRP levels in different thyroid disease groups were compared, and ProGRP levels in different clinicopathological feature groups pre and postoperatively were further compared. RESULTS The CT, CEA, NSE, and ProGRP levels were upregulated in the MTC group compared to those in the non-MTC malignant and benign thyroid disease groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of ProGRP for the diagnosis of MTC was 0.832(0.787-0.871), similar to that of CT and CEA. The sensitivity and specificity were 71.4% and 92.7%, respectively, and the optimal cut-off value was 61.8 pg/mL. The AUC of ProGRP combined with CT or CEA for the diagnosis of MTC was 0.933 (0.900-0.958) and 0.922 (0.886-0.949), respectively, which were higher than those of a single index. ProGRP levels were higher in patients with lymph nodes and distant metastases than in patients without metastases. The postoperative level of ProGRP was lower than that before treatment. CONCLUSION ProGRP is comparable to CEA and CT as an MTC biomarker with broad prospects. It has potential application value in the progression of MTC assessment and the evaluation of surgical intervention effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory MedicineWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory MedicineWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory MedicineWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory MedicineWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory MedicineWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Jiang H, Luo L, Xiong K, He C, Wang H, Qin Y. The influence of different blood samples treatment methods on pro-gastrin-releasing peptide. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16130. [PMID: 31261534 PMCID: PMC6617394 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) is the promising molecular tumor marker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here we study the influence of different blood samples treatment methods on ProGRP.Serum with and without separation gel and heparin plasma from 10 SCLC patients and 5 healthy individuals were assayed for ProGRP immediately and 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 hours after collection.ProGRP of serum with and without separation gel and heparin plasma detected immediately was basically consistent, whereas there was a significant difference in the level of them assayed after 2 hours. No significant variation with time was observed in heparin plasma, but in serum with and without separation gel, ProGRP concentrations gradually declined with time, with statistical significance. When assayed within 2 hours, each time point of ProGRP in heparin plasma had no significant difference and the difference of PrpGRP in serum separating gel existed at 1.5 hours.Heparin plasma is the best option for clinical test of ProGRP. If serum with separation gel is used, optimization methods of turn-around-time which guarantee samples detected within 1 hour after collection can make results more instructive for clinical treatment.
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Hashimoto H, Ozeki Y, Kameda K, Taguchi S. [Typical Carcinoid of the Lung with Abnormal Elevation of Serum Pro-gastrin-releasing Peptide (ProGRP)]. Kyobu Geka 2018; 71:593-596. [PMID: 30185757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 40-year-old male was referred to our hospital because of a nodular shadow detected in the left lower lobe with the tendency to increase gently. Because fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake was extremely low on a FDG positron emission tomography (PET-CT), the tumor was highly suspected of the benign tumor. Five years later, a follow-up computed tomography (CT) showed the shadow to be enlarged. FDG uptake was changed to be high, and serum level of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) was extremely elevated. Surgical treatment was chosen under suspicious diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor, such as small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and carcinoid. By the intraoperative aspiration cytology, a small cell carcinoma or a carcinoid was suspected and left lower lobectomy with systemic lymph node dissection was performed. The final histological diagnosis was a typical carcinoid. The elevated serum ProGRP immediately decreased to normal postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hashimoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Defense Medical Callege, Tokorozawa, Japan
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von Hardenberg J, Schwartz M, Werner T, Fuxius S, Müller M, Bolenz C, Weiß C, Heinrich E. Influence of abiraterone acetate on circulating neuromediators in chemotherapy-naïve castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:613-9. [PMID: 26779767 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiraterone Acetate (AA) represents a highly effective androgen-receptor (AR) axis targeted agent. Treatment with AA in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) may partly mediate neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) as an escape mechanism, which may have implications for the choice of sequential therapy in CRPC. We evaluated how treatment with AA influences circulating neuromediators chromogranin A (CGA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) in chemotherapy-naïve CRPC patients. METHODS We conducted an analysis in chemotherapy-naïve CRPC patients with clinical or radiographic progression of disease. A total of 35 patients were included at five institutions between February 2013 and December 2014. Sixteen of them had received AA. Serum samples were obtained before a docetaxel-based chemotherapy and analyzed in a reference laboratory. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to test the influence of AA treatment, its duration of treatment, and other clinicopathological variables on circulating neuromediators. RESULTS CGA and NSE levels were above the upper limit of normal (ULN) in n = 20 (57.1%) and n = 13 (37.1%), respectively. Treatment with AA and duration of treatment were not associated with levels above the ULN (CGA and NSE) or higher levels (Pro-GRP) of neuromediators. CGA levels were associated with age (P = 0.092), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.014), duration of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; P = 0.083), and intake of proton pump inhibitors (P = 0.069). Pro-GRP levels were significantly associated with PSA levels (P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, CGA levels above the ULN were significantly correlated with ADT (P = 0.01) and intake of proton pump inhibitors (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Circulating neuromediators in chemotherapy-naïve CRPC patients were elevated in a high percentage of patients. ADT was found to be a relevant NED driver in this cohort. Our results may imply that patients with CRPC after first-line treatment with AA in CRPC are not at a higher risk for developing NED. The major limitation of the study represents the one-time analysis of neuromediators. Larger studies with serial blood measurements or biopsy analysis before and after treatment are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost von Hardenberg
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maike Schwartz
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Fuxius
- Outpatient Oncology Practice Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Müller
- Department of Urology, Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christel Weiß
- Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elmar Heinrich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Jafari A, Salouti M, Shayesteh SF, Heidari Z, Rajabi AB, Boustani K, Nahardani A. Synthesis and characterization of Bombesin-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a targeted contrast agent for imaging of breast cancer using MRI. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:075101. [PMID: 25642737 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/075101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a contrast agent may facilitate their accumulation in cancer cells and enhance the sensitivity of MR imaging. In this study, SPIONs coated with dextran (DSPIONs) were conjugated with bombesin (BBN) to produce a targeting contrast agent for detection of breast cancer using MRI. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer analyses indicated the formation of dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 6.0 ± 0.5 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the conjugation of the BBN with the DSPIONs. A stability study proved the high optical stability of DSPION-BBN in human blood serum. DSPION-BBN biocompatibility was confirmed by cytotoxicity evaluation. A binding study showed the targeting ability of DSPION-BBN to bind to T47D breast cancer cells overexpressing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors. T2-weighted and T2*-weighted color map MR images were acquired. The MRI study indicated that the DSPION-BBN possessed good diagnostic ability as a GRP-specific contrast agent, with appropriate signal reduction in T2*-weighted color map MR images in mice with breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Jafari
- Nanostructure Lab, Physics Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Chen YJ, Jin WD, Yang GY, Zhou YL. [The value of plasma pro-gastrin-releasing peptide, cytokeratin 19-fragments and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with lung cancer]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2011; 25:381-383. [PMID: 22338231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of plasma ProGRP, CYFRA 21-1 and CEA in patients with lung cancer. METHODS The levels of plasma ProGRP, CYFRA 21-1 and CEA were detected in 85 healthy control, 49 benign lung diseases and 143 lung neoplasms. The levels of ProGRP in the patients with SCLC was monitored. RESULTS The level of plasma ProGRP in SCLC (M 179.1 ng/ml) was significantly higher than adenocarcinoma (M 35.3 ng/ml), squamous-cell carcinoma (M 33.3 ng/ml), healthy control (M 35.6 ng/m) and benign lung diseases (M 33.3 ng/m), P < 0.001. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing SCLC by ProGRP were 60.6% and 95.0% respectively. In the effective treatment group, ProGRP reduced 45.9%, in the progression group, ProGRP increased 103.1%, P < 0.05. The level of CEA in the metastatic adenocarcinoma (M 10.22 ng/ml) was significantly higher than non-metastatic adenocarcinoma (M 3.85 ng/ml) and squamous cell carcinoma (M 2.56 ng/ml) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The plasma ProGRP is a good indicator for diagnosing and evaluating cure effect in SCLC; the high expression of CEA is related to the metastatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Heinrich E, Probst K, Michel MS, Trojan L. Gastrin-releasing peptide: predictor of castration-resistant prostate cancer? Prostate 2011; 71:642-8. [PMID: 20945407 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine (NE) cells of the prostate are known to be androgen-independent and NE peptides like gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) or neuron-specific enolase (NSE) can stimulate growth in a paracrine manner, and this is thought to be one of the escape mechanisms in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa). In a longitudinal study, we investigated the development of the NE serum factors GRP, NSE, and chromogranin A and their correlation with prostate-specific androgen (PSA) during hormonal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two patients, with histology-proven, localized or metastatic prostatic carcinoma (PCa), who were undergoing therapy with LHRH analogue or a combination of LHRH analog and peripheral androgen blockade, took part in the study. In addition, eight healthy volunteers were each tested twice for serum GRP to elicit a "physiological" standard value. Blood samples were taken periodically from each patient within an 18-month time frame. RESULTS We defined the standard value for GRP in the healthy participants as 0.852 ng/ml (mean + 2 SD) and observed that the GRP values for patients with PCa were significantly higher (P = 0.034). There was a positive correlation between PSA and GRP in patients with biochemical failure. CgA correlated with PSA development in the CRPCa patients. NSE values rose steadily over the study period, but with no correlation to PSA. CONCLUSION Our data confirm that NE factors are elevated during hormonal treatment of prostate cancer. GRP is higher in PCa patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy and is possibly involved in the initiation of hormonal escape in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Heinrich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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Nagase H, Kawana K, Murase T. [Enterostatin, galanin, and GRP]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68 Suppl 7:563-566. [PMID: 20960830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagase
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital
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Wójcik E, Jakubowicz J, Skotnicki P, Sas-Korczyńska B, Kulpa JK. IL-6 and VEGF in small cell lung cancer patients. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:1773-1778. [PMID: 20592377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent data suggest a link between chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and the development of cancer. The aim of this study was the evaluation of serum IL-6 and VEGF in comparison with the tumor markers NSE and ProGRP, with respect to the prognosis of small cell lung cancer patients. The study of IL-6, VEGF, NSE, ProGRP and platelet count was performed in a group of 72 patients with previously untreated small cell lung cancer at different stages of disease: 40 with limited and 32 with extensive disease. Significantly higher IL-6 and VEGF concentrations and platelet count, as well as NSE and ProGRP levels, were found in patients with small cell lung cancer in comparison with the reference group. Patients with extensive cancer had significantly higher levels of IL-6, VEGF, NSE and ProGRP than those with limited cancer. Elevated VEGF levels, with no significant differences in frequency of elevated NSE and ProGRP concentrations, were often observed in patients with IL-6 levels higher than 5.1 ng/l. Univariate analysis confirmed a significant relationship not only between overall survival and stage of disease or gender, but also with VEGF, IL-6, NSE and ProGRP levels. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that only the extent of the disease and IL-6 may be independent prognostic factors in the group of small cell lung cancer patients under investigation. However, simultaneous determinations of ProGRP and IL-6, as well as ProGRP and VEGF, in addition to the extent of the disease, may serve as additional, independent prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wójcik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Oncology - Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Division, Kraków, Poland
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Stengel A, Keire D, Goebel M, Evilevitch L, Wiggins B, Taché Y, Reeve JR. The RAPID method for blood processing yields new insight in plasma concentrations and molecular forms of circulating gut peptides. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5113-8. [PMID: 19819958 PMCID: PMC2775981 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The correct identification of circulating molecular forms and measurement of peptide levels in blood entails that the endocrine peptide being studied is stable and recovered in good yields during blood processing. However, it is not clear whether this is achieved in studies using standard blood processing. Therefore, we compared peptide concentration and form of 12 (125)I-labeled peptides using the standard procedure (EDTA-blood on ice) and a new method employing Reduced temperatures, Acidification, Protease inhibition, Isotopic exogenous controls, and Dilution (RAPID). During standard processing there was at least 80% loss for calcitonin-gene-related peptide and cholecystokinin-58 (CCK-58) and more than 35% loss for amylin, insulin, peptide YY forms (PYY((1-36)) and PYY((3-36))), and somatostatin-28. In contrast, the RAPID method significantly improved the recovery for 11 of 12 peptides (P < 0.05) and eliminated the breakdown of endocrine peptides occurring after standard processing as reflected in radically changed molecular forms for CCK-58, gastrin-releasing peptide, somatostatin-28, and ghrelin. For endogenous ghrelin, this led to an acyl/total ghrelin ratio of 1:5 instead of 1:19 by the standard method. These results show that the RAPID method enables accurate assessment of circulating gut peptide concentrations and forms such as CCK-58, acylated ghrelin, and somatostatin-28. Therefore, the RAPID method represents an efficacious means to detect circulating variations in peptide concentrations and form relevant to the understanding of physiological function of endocrine peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- University of California and CURE Digestive Disease Research Center, Building 115, Room 117, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA
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Winther B, Moi P, Paus E, Reubsaet JLE. Targeted determination of the early stage SCLC specific biomarker pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) at clinical concentration levels in human serum using LC-MS. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2638-46. [PMID: 17874417 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) is used as a specific diagnostic marker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a rapidly growing neoplasm with high mortality. Our object was to develop an LC-MS method for the detection and quantification of ProGRP in human serum using the specific tryptic digestion product NLLGLIEAK (m/z 485.8 for [M + 2H](2+)). For this purpose the sample pretreatment, clean-up, enrichment, and LC-MS conditions were evaluated. Sample pretreatment was carried out using ACN precipitation to decrease the sample complexity. Although ProGRP (31-98) standards were soluble in 99% ACN, it showed that optimal signal intensities were obtained by adding ACN to the serum in a 1:1 ratio v/v. A simplified tryptic digest protocol was carried out using 100 mM triethanolamine buffer to ensure pH stability during the whole procedure. The simplified protocol also includes omission of reducing and alkylating reagents. Necessary additional sample clean-up was achieved by trapping NLLGLIEAK on a RAM column (ADS-C8) which was back-flushed onto the analytical BioBasic C8 column. Volume of injection, sample enrichment, and column capacity are among the factors optimized to reach a mass LOD of 150 pg on column (OC) ProGRP (31-98). Detection of ProGRP in the serum sample of a patient suffering from SCLC with a clinically relevant concentration shows the potential of the method in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Winther
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Jönsson E, Forsman A, Einarsdottir IE, Egnér B, Ruohonen K, Björnsson BT. Circulating levels of cholecystokinin and gastrin-releasing peptide in rainbow trout fed different diets. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2006; 148:187-94. [PMID: 16630620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) are gastrointestinal peptides thought to be important regulators of intake and digestion of food in vertebrates. In this study, pre- and postprandial plasma levels of CCK and GRP were measured in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by the establishment of homologous radioimmunoassays, and the hormonal levels assessed in relation to dietary lipid:protein ratio and food intake. Fish were acclimated to either a high protein/low lipid diet (HP/LL diet; 14.1% lipids) or a normal protein/high lipid diet (NP/HL diet; 31.4% lipids). On three consecutive sampling days, radio-dense lead-glass beads were included in the diets for assessment of feed intake. Fish were terminally sampled for blood and stomach contents prior to feeding at time 0, and at 0.3, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after feeding. There was a postprandial elevation of plasma CCK levels, which was most evident after 4 and 6 h. Fish fed the NP/HL diet had higher plasma CCK levels compared with those fed the HP/LL diet. Plasma CCK levels were not affected by the amount of food ingested. GRP levels in plasma were not influenced by sampling time, diet, or feed intake. The results indicate that the endocrine release of gastrointestinal CCK is increased during feeding and may be further influenced by the dietary lipid:protein ratio in rainbow trout. Plasma GRP levels, on the other hand, appear not to be influenced by feeding or diet composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jönsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology/Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, Box 463, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Nagase H, Inamori M. [Enterostatin, galanin, and GRP]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63 Suppl 8:524-7. [PMID: 16149568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nagase
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital
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Shi GL, Hu XL, Yue SD, Song CX. [The value of serum tumor marker in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2005; 27:299-301. [PMID: 15996327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate five serum tumor markers used alone or in combination for the diagnosis of lung cancer. METHODS The level of five serum tumor markers: NSE, pro-GRP, CYFRA21-1, p53 antibody and CEA was detected by ELISA in 50 healthy adults, 170 lung cancer patients and 60 patients with respiratory infection. RESULTS The level of the five serum tumor markers in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that of healthy adults and patients with respiratory infection (P < 0.01). The level of NSE and pro-GRP in patients with small-cell lung cancer was significantly higher than those of the other subtypes of lung cancer (P < 0.01); The level of CYFRA21-1 in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of other subtypes (P < 0.01). The specificity of p53 antibody was 100% in diagnosing lung cancer and the sensitivity of NSE, pro-GRP was much higher for small-cell lung cancer than for other subtypes (P < 0.01); The same was observed in CYFRA21-1 for the diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). The sensitivity of the tumor markers in diagnosing lung cancer was significantly enhanced if used in combination (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These five tumor markers are valuable auxiliary parameters in diagnosing lung cancer. The combination of NSE and pro-GRP is more appropriate than other combinations in diagnosing small-cell lung cancer; the combination of CYFRA21-1, CEA and p53 antibody is the most valuable combination for diagnosing non-small-cell lung cancer. p53 antibody has the highest specificity for diagnosing lung cancer; CYFRA21-1 is the most valuable parameter for diagnosing squamous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-li Shi
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
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Grimsholm O, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Forsgren S. Levels of gastrin-releasing peptide and substance P in synovial fluid and serum correlate with levels of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R416-26. [PMID: 15899028 PMCID: PMC1174935 DOI: 10.1186/ar1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cytokines are highly involved in the disease process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, targeting of neuropeptides has been suggested to have potential therapeutic effects in RA. The aim of this study was to investigate possible interrelations between five neuropeptides (bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (BN/GRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin-gene-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y) and the three cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in synovial fluid of patients with RA. We also investigated possible interrelations between these neuropeptides and soluble TNF receptor 1 in serum from RA patients. Synovial fluid and sera were collected and assayed with ELISA or RIA. The most interesting findings were correlations between BN/GRP and SP and the cytokines. Thus, in synovial fluid, the concentrations of BN/GRP and SP grouped together with IL-6, and SP also grouped together with TNF-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. BN/GRP and SP concentrations in synovial fluid also grouped together with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In the sera, BN/GRP concentrations and soluble TNF receptor 1 concentrations were correlated. These results are of interest because blocking of SP effects has long been discussed in relation to RA treatment and because BN/GRP is known to have trophic and growth-promoting effects and to play a role in inflammation and wound healing. Furthermore, the observations strengthen a suggestion that combination treatment with agents interfering with neuropeptides and cytokines would be efficacious in the treatment of RA. In conclusion, BN/GRP and SP are involved together with cytokines in the neuroimmunomodulation that occurs in the arthritic joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Grimsholm
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sture Forsgren
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Dublineau I, Dudoignon N, Monti P, Combes O, Wysocki J, Grison S, Baudelin C, Griffiths NM, Scanff P. Screening of a large panel of gastrointestinal peptide plasma levels is not adapted for the evaluation of digestive damage following irradiation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 82:103-13. [PMID: 15052291 DOI: 10.1139/y03-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of gastrointestinal peptide plasma levels as biomarkers of radiation-induced digestive tract damage. To this end, plasma levels of substance P, GRP, motilin, PYY, somatostatin-28, gastrin, and neurotensin were followed for up to 5 days in pigs after a 16-Gy whole-body X-irradiation, completed by a histopathological study performed at 5 days. Each peptide gave a specific response to irradiation. The plasma levels of GRP and substance P were not modified by irradiation exposure; neither were those of motilin and PYY. Concerning gastrin, a 2-3-fold increase of plasma concentration was observed in pig, which presented the most important histological alterations of the stomach. The plasma levels of somatostatin, unchanged from 1 to 4 days after irradiation, was also increased by 130% at 5 days. In contrast, a diminution of neurotensin plasma levels was noted, firstly at 1 day (-88%), and from 3 days after exposure (-50%). The present study suggested that changes in gastrin and neurotensin plasma levels were associated with structural alterations of the stomach and ileum, respectively, indicating that they may be relevant biological indicators of radiation-induced digestive damage to these segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dublineau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Direction de la RadioProtection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidemiologie, IRSN, BP 17, F-92262 CEDEX Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of elevated serum peptides may reveal additional markers and permit better classification of tumors based on (secondary) peptide secretion. METHODS Fasting peptide profiles were obtained from 31 carcinoid patients. vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), neurotensin, substance P, gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP), calcitonin, gastrin, and pancreastatin were measured. Peptide elevation patterns were correlated with disease sites, syndrome, and survival. RESULTS Elevations in patients were as follows: VIP 0%, PP 13%, neurotensin 10%, substance P 20%, GRP 3%, calcitonin 10%, and gastrin 3%. There were no consistent patterns of elevated peptides with regard to site or syndrome. Pancreastatin was elevated in 81% of profiles and was the only abnormal peptide in 57% of patients. CONCLUSION Peptide profile results do not permit improved classification, predict syndrome development, or correlate with survival. In contrast, pancreastatin is elevated in most cases and may be utilized to monitor disease progression and evaluate response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Calhoun
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L223A, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Abstract
Bombesin-like peptides (BLPs) are associated with tobacco smoke (TS)-induced diseases. We sought to determine if acute TS exposure releases BLPs into the pulmonary circulation. Sensitized and non-sensitized guinea pigs were chronically exposed to TS or compressed air. Thereafter, the lungs were acutely challenged with TS while perfused. Perfusates were analyzed for BLPs. TS increased BLPs in non-sensitized guinea pigs. A separate study determined daily bombesin exposure increased lung cell counts but not airway hyperresponsivensess. TS exposure releases BLPs into the pulmonary circulation but can be modified by host factors and bombesin itself does not induce airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Bergren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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Yashi M, Muraishi O, Kobayashi Y, Tokue A, Nanjo H. Elevated serum progastrin-releasing peptide (31-98) in metastatic and androgen-independent prostate cancer patients. Prostate 2002; 51:84-97. [PMID: 11948963 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in neuroendocrine phenotype and secretory products are closely correlated with tumor progression and androgen independence in prostate cancer. In this study, we explored this correlation using serum progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), a carboxy-terminal region common to three subtypes of precursors for gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), which is released from the neuroendocrine phenotype to act as a growth factor. METHODS In 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 200 with prostate cancer, serum ProGRP levels were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and evaluated in relation to clinical stage, hormonal treatment, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values. Fourteen randomly selected patients were entered in the follow-up study. Additionally, expression of ProGRP as determined by immunohistochemical analysis was compared to that of chromogranin-A (CgA) in tissue samples from several subjects. RESULTS We found a positive correlation between PSA and ProGRP in patients with untreated prostate cancer; no correlation was found in the treated groups. The increases in the ProGRP value and in the percentage of patients with higher than normal values were significant (P < 0.0001), especially in the androgen-independent group (P < 0.0001). A longitudinal study showed that, in a subset of patients, the ProGRP values tended to increase transiently when the cancer became androgen independent, but remained unchanged or decreased at the androgen-dependent stage. Positive staining for ProGRP occurred in a different distribution in neuroendocrine tissues than that of staining for CgA. CONCLUSIONS The clinical results demonstrated the existence of a regulatory mechanism for GRP, which to date had only been observed in cell lines. These findings suggest that GRP is a growth factor potentially upregulated by androgen but that does not rely principally on androgen modulation. The large overlap in levels of ProGRP among the groups limits the use of this value as a monitoring tool. Measurement of ProGRP, however, does have potential as an independent parameter to evaluate androgen-independent progression and to facilitate a new therapeutic strategy that may compensate for current limitations of diagnosis based on PSA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yashi
- Department of Urology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji 3311-1, Minamikawachi-machi, Kawachi-gun, Tochigi-ken 329 0498, Japan.
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Griffiths NM, Linard C, Dublineau I, Francois A, Esposito V, Neelis KJ, Niemer-Tucker MM, van der Hage M, Broerse JJ, Wagemaker G. Long-term effects of X-irradiation on gastrointestinal function and regulatory peptides in monkeys. Int J Radiat Biol 1999; 75:183-91. [PMID: 10072179 DOI: 10.1080/095530099140636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the long-term effects of X-irradiation on different aspects of gastrointestinal function in the non-human primate (Macaca mulatta). MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were exposed to X-radiation (5 or 6 Gy) or not (sham) and gastrointestinal function was investigated 4-6 years after exposure. Basal and agonist-stimulated short circuit current (Isc) responses were measured in isolated jejunum. Intestinal tissue was taken for histological analysis as well as for determination of mucosal marker enzyme activities and gastrointestinal regulatory peptide levels. Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor characteristics were determined as well as VIP-stimulated Isc responses. GI peptides were also measured in plasma. RESULTS Few differences were seen in basal electrical parameters or tissue morphology but there was a tendency for reduced basolateral membrane enzyme activity. VIP-stimulated Isc responses were reduced in irradiated animals as were VIP-stimulated adenylate cyclase responses. Plasma and tissue (ileal and colonic muscle layers) gastrin releasing peptide levels were increased in irradiated animals. In contrast circulating gastrin levels were lower. CONCLUSIONS Late effects of total-body irradiation on GI function in monkeys showed altered circulating and tissue levels of some GI peptides. In addition the biological effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide were modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Griffiths
- Institut de Protection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, DPHD/SARAM, IPSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Nomura F, Koyama A, Ishijima M, Takano S, Narita M, Nakai T. Serum levels of five tumor markers for lung cancer in patients with chronic renal failure. Oncol Rep 1998; 5:389-92. [PMID: 9468564 DOI: 10.3892/or.5.2.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The soluble cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) are recently described promising tumor markers for lung cancers. To assess their alterations in renal dysfunction, serum levels of CYFRA and ProGRP were determined together with conventional markers including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with renal failure of varying degrees. The mean concentration of all these markers but NSE significantly increased with the severity of renal failure. After hemodialysis (HD), the mean concentration of ProGRP, the molecular weight of which is comparable to that of 2-microglobulin, was significantly decreased. High false positive rates for tumor markers of lung cancer in patients with renal failure should be considered to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nomura
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba University, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305, Japan
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Tsuchiyama T, Kawahara M, Naka N, Yamamoto S, Nakao M, Kamimori T, Okada T, Atagi S, Ogawara M, Furuse K. [Correlation between the tumor marker Pro-GRP and prognosis in patients with small-cell lung cancer]. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1997; 35:616-21. [PMID: 9294294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied 90 patients with small-cell lung cancer in whom levels of Pro-GRP were abnormally high before therapy. Changes in the serum Pro-GRP level have been said to correlate strongly with therapeutic responses in patients with small-cell lung cancer. We found that changes in the serum Pro-GRP level (half-life > or = 30 vs < 30 days) were a significant prognostic factor. Multivariate analysis showed that in these patients the Pro-GRP level after therapy, Performance Status, and age were independent prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuchiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Kinki Central Hospital for Chest Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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Okusaka T, Eguchi K, Kasai T, Kurata T, Yamamoto N, Ohe Y, Tamura T, Shinkai T, Saijo N. Serum levels of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide for follow-up of patients with small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1997; 3:123-7. [PMID: 9815547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess the clinical usefulness of serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) as a tumor marker for small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), we measured serum levels of Pro-GRP with a newly developed ELISA and measured serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in 44 patients with untreated SCLC and 77 patients with untreated non-SCLC. We prospectively measured serum levels of Pro-GRP and NSE in SCLC patients after initial treatment until relapse. The sensitivity (70%) and specificity (91%) of Pro-GRP were similar to those of NSE (70 and 86%). Thirty-nine % of patients who had a partial response still had elevated serum levels of Pro-GRP at the time of restaging after initial treatment. In follow-up study, 94% of patients had elevated serum levels of Pro-GRP again at the time of relapse, whereas 37% of patients showed elevated levels of NSE. Levels of Pro-GRP increased a median of 35 (-95 to 151) days before clinical evidence of relapse was detected with successive physical examinations and imaging studies, whereas levels of NSE increased 20 (-85 to 124) days after relapse was detected (P < 0.05). Pro-GRP was helpful as a diagnostic aid and a marker for therapeutic effect and relapse in patients with SCLC, supplemented to serum NSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okusaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, and Pharmacology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan
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