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Chambers C, Chitwood B, Smith CJ, Miao Y. Elevating theranostics: The emergence and promise of radiopharmaceutical cell-targeting heterodimers in human cancers. IRADIOLOGY 2024; 2:128-155. [PMID: 38708130 PMCID: PMC11067702 DOI: 10.1002/ird3.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Optimal therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy is essential for healthcare's global mission of advancing oncologic drug development. Accurate diagnosis and detection are crucial prerequisites for effective risk stratification and personalized patient care in clinical oncology. A paradigm shift is emerging with the promise of multi-receptor-targeting compounds. While existing detection and staging methods have demonstrated some success, the traditional approach of monotherapy is being reevaluated to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Heterodimeric site-specific agents are a versatile solution by targeting two distinct biomarkers with a single theranostic agent. This review describes the innovation of dual-targeting compounds, examining their design strategies, therapeutic implications, and the promising path they present for addressing complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chambers
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Broc Chitwood
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles J. Smith
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Baun C, Naghavi-Behzad M, Hildebrandt MG, Gerke O, Thisgaard H. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor as a theranostic target in breast cancer: a systematic scoping review. Semin Nucl Med 2024; 54:256-269. [PMID: 38342656 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer, making it a promising target for both imaging and therapy within a theranostic framework. Various radioligands targeting GRPR have undergone investigation in preclinical and clinical studies related to breast cancer. This systematic scoping review aimed to assess the current evidence on GRPR-targeted radioligands for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in breast cancer. The methodology followed the PRISMA-ScR protocol. The literature search was conducted in September 2023 and encompassed MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. We included original peer-reviewed studies focused on breast cancer patients or in vivo breast cancer models. Two reviewers performed the study selection process independently. Data were extracted, synthesized, and categorized into preclinical and clinical studies, further subdivided based on radioligand properties. A total of 35 original studies were included in the review, with three of them evaluating therapeutic outcomes. The results indicated that GRPR-radioantagonists are superior to GRPR-agonists, exhibiting preferable in vivo stability, rapid, specific tumor targeting, and enhanced retention. Both preclinical and clinical evaluations demonstrated renal excretion and high uptake in normal GRPR-expressing tissue, primarily the pancreas. A significant positive correlation was observed between GRPR and estrogen-receptor expression. In the clinical setting, GRPR-radioligands effectively detected primary tumors and, to a lesser extent, lymph node metastases. Moreover, GRPR-targeted radioantagonists successfully identified distant metastases originating from various sites in advanced metastatic disease, strongly correlated with positive estrogen receptor expression. Preclinical therapeutic evaluation of GRPR-radioligands labeled with lutetium-177 showed promising tumor responses, and none of the studies reported any observed or measured side effects, indicating a safe profile. In conclusion, the evidence presented in this review indicates a preference for GRPR-targeted antagonists over agonists, owing to their superior kinetics and promising diagnostic potential. Clinical assessments suggested diagnostic value for GRPR-targeted theranostics in breast cancer patients, particularly those with high estrogen receptor expression. Nevertheless, in the therapeutic clinical context, paying attention to the radiation dose administered to the pancreas and kidneys is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Baun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malene Grubbe Hildebrandt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Center for Personalized Response Monitoring in Oncology (PREMIO), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helge Thisgaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Khalily MP, Soydan M. Peptide-based diagnostic and therapeutic agents: Where we are and where we are heading? Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:772-793. [PMID: 36366980 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are increasingly present in all branches of medicine as innovative drugs, imaging agents, theragnostic, and constituent moieties of other sophisticated drugs such as peptide-drug conjugates. Due to new developments in chemical synthesis strategies, computational biology, recombinant technology, and chemical biology, peptide drug development has made a great progress in the last decade. Numerous natural peptides and peptide mimics have been obtained and studied, covering multiple therapeutic areas. Even though peptides have been investigated across the wide therapeutic spectrum, oncology, metabolism, and endocrinology are the most frequent medical indications of them. This review summarizes the current use of and the emerging new opportunities of peptides for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek P Khalily
- Department of Basic Science and Health, Cannabis Research Institute, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Medine Soydan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zheng Z, Yu P, Cao H, Cheng M, Zhou T, Lee LE, Ulstrup J, Zhang J, Engelbrekt C, Ma L. Starch Capped Atomically Thin CuS Nanocrystals for Efficient Photothermal Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103461. [PMID: 34672082 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy requires efficient plasmonic nanomaterials with small size, good water dispersibility, and biocompatibility. This work reports a one-pot, 2-min synthesis strategy for ultrathin CuS nanocrystals (NCs) with precisely tunable size and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), where a single-starch-layer coating leads to a high LSPR absorption at the near-IR wavelength 980 nm. The CuS NC diameter increases from 4.7 (1 nm height along [101]) to 28.6 nm (4.9 nm height along [001]) accompanied by LSPR redshift from 978 to 1200 nm, as the precursor ratio decreases from 1 to 0.125. Photothermal temperature increases by 38.6 °C in 50 mg L-1 CuS NC solution under laser illumination (980 nm, 1.44 W cm-2 ). Notably, 98.4% of human prostate cancer PC-3/Luc+ cells are killed by as little as 5 mg L-1 starch-coated CuS NCs with 3-min laser treatment, whereas CuS NCs without starch cause insignificant cell death. LSPR modeling discloses that the starch layer enhances the photothermal effect by significantly increasing the free carrier density and blue-shifting the LSPR toward 980 nm. This study not only presents a new type of photothermally highly efficient ultrathin CuS NCs, but also offers in-depth LSPR modeling investigations useful for other photothermal nanomaterial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Huili Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mengyu Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Thomas Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Li E Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Christian Engelbrekt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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Preclinical Evaluation of the Copper-64 Labeled GRPR-Antagonist RM26 in Comparison with the Cobalt-55 Labeled Counterpart for PET-Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245993. [PMID: 33352838 PMCID: PMC7766840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in the majority of prostate cancers. This study aimed to investigate the potential of 64Cu (radionuclide for late time-point PET-imaging) for imaging of GRPR expression using NOTA-PEG2-RM26 and NODAGA-PEG2-RM26. Methods: NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26 were labeled with 64Cu and evaluated in GRPR-expressing PC-3 cells. Biodistribution of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26 was studied in PC-3 xenografted mice and compared to the biodistribution of [57Co]Co-NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26 at 3 and 24 h p.i. Preclinical PET/CT imaging was performed in tumor-bearing mice. NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26 were stably labeled with 64Cu with quantitative yields. In vitro, binding of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26 was rapid and GRPR-specific with slow internalization. In vivo, [64Cu]Cu-NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26 bound specifically to GRPR-expressing tumors with fast clearance from blood and normal organs and displayed generally comparable biodistribution profiles to [57Co]Co-NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26; tumor uptake exceeded normal tissue uptake 3 h p.i.. Tumor-to-organ ratios did not increase significantly with time. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 had a significantly higher liver and pancreas uptake compared to other agents. 57Co-labeled radioconjugates showed overall higher tumor-to-non-tumor ratios, compared to the 64Cu-labeled counterparts. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26 was able to visualize GRPR-expression in a murine PC model using PET. However, [55/57Co]Co-NOTA/NODAGA-PEG2-RM26 provided better in vivo stability and overall higher tumor-to-non-tumor ratios compared with the 64Cu-labeled conjugates.
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Liolios C, Buchmuller B, Bauder-Wüst U, Schäfer M, Leotta K, Haberkorn U, Eder M, Kopka K. Monomeric and Dimeric 68Ga-Labeled Bombesin Analogues for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Tumors Expressing Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptors (GRPrs). J Med Chem 2018; 61:2062-2074. [PMID: 29432691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The GRPr, highly expressed in prostate PCa and breast cancer BCa, is a promising target for the development of new PET radiotracers. The chelator HBED-CC ( N, N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine- N, N'-diacetic acid) was coupled to the bombesin peptides: HBED-C-BN(2-14) 1, HBED-CC-PEG2-[d-Tyr6,β-Ala11,Thi13,Nle14]-BN(6-14) 2, HBED-CC-Y-[d-Phe6,Sta13,Leu14]-BN(6-14) (Y = 4-amino-1-carboxymethylpiperidine) 3, and HBED-CC-{PEG2-Y-[d-Phe6,Sta13,Leu14]-BN(6-14)}2 4 (homodimer). Compounds 1-4 presented high binding affinities for GRPr (T47D, 0.56-3.51 nM; PC-3, 2.12-4.68 nM). In PC-3 and T47D cells, agonists [68Ga]1 and [68Ga]2 were mainly internalized while antagonists [68Ga]3 and [68Ga]4 were surface bound. Cell-related radioactivity reached a maximum after 45 min, while tracer levels followed GRPr expression (PC-3 > T47D > LNCaP > MDA-MB-231). [68Ga]4 showed the highest cell-bound radioactivity (PC-3 and T47D). In vivo, tumor (PC-3) targeting for [68Ga]3 and [68Ga]4 increased over time, with dynamic μPET showing clearer tumors images at later time points. [68Ga]3 and [68Ga]4 can be considered suitable PET tracers for imaging PCa and BCa expressing GRPr.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 400 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Freiburg, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55 , 79106 Freiburg , Germany
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Wang Z, Han YJ, Huang S, Wang M, Zhou WL, Li HS, Wang QS, Wu HB. Imaging the expression of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma by PET. Amino Acids 2017; 50:309-320. [PMID: 29204748 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glypican-3 (GPC3) receptor is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. GPC3-targeted molecular imaging will be helpful to differentiate diagnosis and guide therapy. In the present study, we will develop a novel PET probe for imaging the expression of GPC-3. L5 (sequence: RLNVGGTYFLTTRQ), a GPC3 targeting peptide, was labeled with 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and 18F-fluoride. Cell binding tests were performed to identify the binding specificity of FAM-L5 and 18F radiolabeled peptide. MicroPET/CT imaging was used to determine the potential of a novel PET tracer for visualizing HCC tumors with a high expression of GPC3. In vitro binding tests showed that the uptake of FAM-L5 in HepG2 cells (high expression of GPC3) was significantly higher than that of HL-7702 cells (negative expression of GPC3) (mean fluorescent intensity: 14,094 ± 797 vs. 2765 ± 314 events, t = 32.363, P = 0.000). Confocal fluorescent imaging identified that FAM-L5 accumulated where the GPC3 receptor was located. A novel PET tracer (18F-AlF-NODA-MP-6-Aoc-L5) was successfully labeled by chelation chemistry. In vitro cell uptake studies showed that 18F-AlF-NODA-MP-6-Aoc-L5 can bind to HepG2 tumor cells and was stable in PBS and mouse serum stability tests. MicroPET/CT showed that HepG2 tumors could be clearly visualized with a tumor/muscle ratio of 2.46 ± 0.53. However, the tumor/liver ratio was low (0.93 ± 0.16) due to the high physiological uptake in the liver. This study demonstrates that FAM and the 18F-labeled L5 peptide can selectively target HCC with a high expression of GPC3 in vitro and in vivo. 18F-AlF-NODA-MP-C6-L5 has the potential to be a GPC3 target tracer but requires some chemical modifications to achieve a high enough tumor/liver ratio for detection of the tumor in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Han
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Lan Zhou
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Li
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan-Shi Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hu-Bing Wu
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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NeoBOMB1, a GRPR-Antagonist for Breast Cancer Theragnostics: First Results of a Preclinical Study with [ 67Ga]NeoBOMB1 in T-47D Cells and Tumor-Bearing Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111950. [PMID: 29137110 PMCID: PMC6150197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GRPR-antagonist-based radioligands [67/68Ga/111In/177Lu]NeoBOMB1 have shown excellent theragnostic profiles in preclinical prostate cancer models, while [68Ga]NeoBOMB1 effectively visualized prostate cancer lesions in patients. We were further interested to explore the theragnostic potential of NeoBOMB1 in GRPR-positive mammary carcinoma, by first studying [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 in breast cancer models; Methods: We investigated the profile of [67Ga]NeoBOMB1, a [68Ga]NeoBOMB1 surrogate, in GRPR-expressing T-47D cells and animal models; Results: NeoBOMB1 (IC50s of 2.2 ± 0.2 nM) and [natGa]NeoBOMB1 (IC50s of 2.5 ± 0.2 nM) exhibited high affinity for the GRPR. At 37 °C [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 strongly bound to the T-47D cell-membrane (45.8 ± 0.4% at 2 h), internalizing poorly, as was expected for a radioantagonist. [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 was detected >90% intact in peripheral mouse blood at 30 min pi. In mice bearing T-47D xenografts, [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 specifically localized in the tumor (8.68 ± 2.9% ID/g vs. 0.6 ± 0.1% ID/g during GRPR-blockade at 4 h pi). The unfavorably high pancreatic uptake could be considerably reduced (206.29 ± 17.35% ID/g to 42.46 ± 1.31% ID/g at 4 h pi) by increasing the NeoBOMB1 dose from 10 pmol to 200 pmol, whereas tumor uptake remained unaffected. Notably, tumor values did not decline from 1 to 24 h pi; Conclusions: [67Ga]NeoBOMB1 can successfully target GRPR-positive breast cancer in animals with excellent prospects for clinical translation.
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Charron CL, Hickey JL, Nsiama TK, Cruickshank DR, Turnbull WL, Luyt LG. Molecular imaging probes derived from natural peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 33:761-800. [PMID: 26911790 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2015.Peptides are naturally occurring compounds that play an important role in all living systems and are responsible for a range of essential functions. Peptide receptors have been implicated in disease states such as oncology, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, natural peptides have been exploited as diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to the unique target specificity for their endogenous receptors. This review discusses a variety of natural peptides highlighting their discovery, endogenous receptors, as well as their derivatization to create molecular imaging agents, with an emphasis on the design of radiolabelled peptides. This review also highlights methods for discovering new and novel peptides when knowledge of specific targets and endogenous ligands are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Charron
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - J L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - T K Nsiama
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - D R Cruickshank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - W L Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - L G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. and Departments of Oncology and Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada and London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies in women using technetium-99m (Tc)-Bombesin have shown successful radionuclide imaging of breast tumours overexpressing gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs). Recent studies have demonstrated that most breast tumours overexpress folate receptors (FRα). AIM The aim of this work was to synthesize the Lys(α,γ-Folate)-Lys(Tc-EDDA/HYNIC)-Bombesin (1-14) conjugate (Tc-Bombesin-Folate), as well as to assess the in-vitro and in-vivo potential of the radiopharmaceutical to target FRα and GRPR. METHODS LysLys(HYNIC)-Bombesin (1-14) was conjugated to folic acid and the product was purified by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used for chemical characterization. Tc labelling was performed using ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid/tricine as coligands. In-vitro binding studies were carried out in T47D breast cancer cells (positive for FRα and GRPR). Biodistribution studies and micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging were carried out on athymic mice with T47D-induced tumours. RESULTS High-performance liquid chromatography analyses indicated that the radioconjugate was obtained with high radiochemical purity (96±2.1%). In-vitro and in-vivo results showed significant uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in T47D cells and tumours (5.43% ID/g), which was significantly inhibited by preincubation with cold folic acid or cold Bombesin. CONCLUSION The Tc-Bombesin-folate heterobivalent radiopharmaceutical significantly enhances in-vivo tumour uptake because of the concomitant interaction with FRα and GRPR.
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Sun Y, Ma X, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Loft M, Ding B, Liu C, Xu L, Yang M, Jiang Y, Liu J, Xiao Y, Cheng Z, Hong X. Preclinical Study on GRPR-Targeted (68)Ga-Probes for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1857-64. [PMID: 27399868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeted positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly promising approach for imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) in small animal models and patients. Developing a GRPR-targeted PET probe with excellent in vivo performance such as high tumor uptake, high contrast, and optimal pharmacokinetics is still very challenging. Herein, a novel bombesin (BBN) analogue (named SCH1) based on JMV594 peptide modified with an 8-amino octanoic acid spacer (AOC) was thus designed and conjugated with the metal chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid (NODAGA). The resulting NODAGA-SCH1 was then radiolabeled with (68)Ga and evaluated for PET imaging of PCa. Compared with (68)Ga-NODAGA-JMV594 probe, (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 exhibited excellent PET/CT imaging properties on PC-3 tumor-bearing nude mice, such as high tumor uptake (5.80 ± 0.42 vs 3.78 ± 0.28%ID/g, 2 h) and high tumor/muscle contrast (16.6 ± 1.50 vs 8.42 ± 0.61%ID/g, 2 h). Importantly, biodistribution data indicated a relatively similar accumulation of (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 was observed in the liver (4.21 ± 0.42%ID/g) and kidney (3.41 ± 0.46%ID/g) suggesting that the clearance is through both the kidney and the liver. Overall, (68)Ga-NODAGA-SCH1 showed promising in vivo properties and is a promising candidate for translation into clinical PET-imaging of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Mathias Loft
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Bingbing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Liying Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Meng Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Department of Ultrasound, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science , Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
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Moreno P, Ramos-Álvarez I, Moody TW, Jensen RT. Bombesin related peptides/receptors and their promising therapeutic roles in cancer imaging, targeting and treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1055-73. [PMID: 26981612 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1164694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite remarkable advances in tumor treatment, many patients still die from common tumors (breast, prostate, lung, CNS, colon, and pancreas), and thus, new approaches are needed. Many of these tumors synthesize bombesin (Bn)-related peptides and over-express their receptors (BnRs), hence functioning as autocrine-growth-factors. Recent studies support the conclusion that Bn-peptides/BnRs are well-positioned for numerous novel antitumor treatments, including interrupting autocrine-growth and the use of over-expressed receptors for imaging and targeting cytotoxic-compounds, either by direct-coupling or combined with nanoparticle-technology. AREAS COVERED The unique ability of common neoplasms to synthesize, secrete, and show a growth/proliferative/differentiating response due to BnR over-expression, is reviewed, both in general and with regard to the most frequently investigated neoplasms (breast, prostate, lung, and CNS). Particular attention is paid to advances in the recent years. Also considered are the possible therapeutic approaches to the growth/differentiation effect of Bn-peptides, as well as the therapeutic implication of the frequent BnR over-expression for tumor-imaging and/or targeted-delivery. EXPERT OPINION Given that Bn-related-peptides/BnRs are so frequently ectopically-expressed by common tumors, which are often malignant and become refractory to conventional treatments, therapeutic interventions using novel approaches to Bn-peptides and receptors are being explored. Of particular interest is the potential of reproducing with BnRs in common tumors the recent success of utilizing overexpression of somatostatin-receptors by neuroendocrine-tumors to provide the most sensitive imaging methods and targeted delivery of cytotoxic-compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Moreno
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Terry W Moody
- b Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director , NCI, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Aranda-Lara L, Ferro-Flores G, Azorín-Vega E, Ramírez FDM, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Ocampo-García B, Santos-Cuevas C, Isaac-Olivé K. Synthesis and evaluation of Lys¹(α,γ-Folate)Lys³(¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA)-Bombesin(1-14) as a potential theranostic radiopharmaceutical for breast cancer. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 107:214-219. [PMID: 26545016 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to synthesize Lys(1)(α,γ-Folate)-Lys(3)((177)Lu-DOTA)-Bombesin (1-14) ((177)Lu-Folate-BN), as well as to assess its potential for molecular imaging and targeted radiotherapy of breast tumors expressing folate receptors (FR) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR). Radiation absorbed doses of (177)Lu-Folate-BN (74 MBq, i.v.) estimated in athymic mice with T47D-induced breast tumors (positive to FR and GRPR), showed tumor doses of 23.9±2.1 Gy. T47D-tumors were clearly visible (Micro-SPECT/CT images). (177)Lu-Folate-BN demonstrated properties suitable as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Aranda-Lara
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Erika Azorín-Vega
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Flor de María Ramírez
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Nallely Jiménez-Mancilla
- Catedrática CONACyT, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Mexico
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Rasaneh S, Rajabi H, Johari Daha F. Activity estimation in radioimmunotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:203-8. [PMID: 25937783 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimation of activity accumulated in tumor and organs is very important in predicting the response of radiopharmaceuticals treatment. In this study, we synthesized (177)Lutetium ((177)Lu)-trastuzumab-iron oxide nanoparticles as a double radiopharmaceutical agent for treatment and better estimation of organ activity in a new way by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS (177)Lu-trastuzumab-iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and all the quality control tests such as labeling yield, nanoparticle size determination, stability in buffer and blood serum up to 4 d, immunoreactivity and biodistribution in normal mice were determined. In mice bearing breast tumor, liver and tumor activities were calculated with three methods: single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), MRI and organ extraction, which were compared with each other. RESULTS The good results of quality control tests (labeling yield: 61%±2%, mean nanoparticle hydrodynamic size: 41±15 nm, stability in buffer: 86%±5%, stability in blood serum: 80%±3%, immunoreactivity: 80%±2%) indicated that (177)Lu-trastuzumab-iron oxide nanoparticles could be used as a double radiopharmaceutical agent in mice bearing tumor. Results showed that (177)Lu-trastuzumab-iron oxide nanoparticles with MRI had the ability to measure organ activities more accurate than SPECT. CONCLUSIONS Co-conjugating radiopharmaceutical to MRI contrast agents such as iron oxide nanoparticles may be a good way for better dosimetry in nuclear medicine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rasaneh
- 1 Department of Radioisotope, Nuclear science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran 14115-331, Iran ; 2 Department of Medical Physics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran
| | - Hossein Rajabi
- 1 Department of Radioisotope, Nuclear science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran 14115-331, Iran ; 2 Department of Medical Physics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran
| | - Fariba Johari Daha
- 1 Department of Radioisotope, Nuclear science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran 14115-331, Iran ; 2 Department of Medical Physics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran
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Prignon A, Nataf V, Provost C, Cagnolini A, Montravers F, Gruaz-Guyon A, Lantry LE, Talbot JN, Nunn AD. (68)Ga-AMBA and (18)F-FDG for preclinical PET imaging of breast cancer: effect of tamoxifen treatment on tracer uptake by tumor. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:92-8. [PMID: 25459112 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AMBA is a bombesin analogue that binds to GRPr. In a mouse model of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer, we tested whether (68)Ga-AMBA can be used for PET detection of GRPr-expressing tumors and could be more accurate than (18)F-FDG to monitor tumor response to hormone therapy. METHODS The radiolabeling of (68)Ga-AMBA was automated using a R&D Synchrom module. ZR75-1, a breast cancer cell line, was xenografted in nude mice. (68)Ga-AMBA tumor uptake was compared with that of (18)F-FDG before and after treatment with tamoxifen. RESULTS AMBA was (68)Ga-radiolabelled in 30min with 95.3% yield and purity≥98%. Prior to treatment, (68)Ga-AMBA was highly concentrated into tumors (tumor to non-tumor ratio=2.4 vs. 1.3 with (18)F-FDG). With tamoxifen treatment (n=6) (68)Ga-AMBA uptake plateaued after 1week and decreased after 2weeks, with a significant reduction compared to controls (n=4). In contrast the effect of tamoxifen treatment could not be appreciated using (18)F-FDG. CONCLUSIONS (68)Ga-AMBA appeared better than (18)F-FDG to visualize and monitor the response to hormone treatment in this breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prignon
- Plateforme LIMP, UMS28 Phénotypage du petit animal, UPMC, Paris, France.
| | - V Nataf
- Plateforme LIMP, UMS28 Phénotypage du petit animal, UPMC, Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Tenon, Médecine nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - C Provost
- Plateforme LIMP, UMS28 Phénotypage du petit animal, UPMC, Paris, France
| | | | - F Montravers
- Plateforme LIMP, UMS28 Phénotypage du petit animal, UPMC, Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Tenon, Médecine nucléaire, Paris, France
| | | | | | - J N Talbot
- Plateforme LIMP, UMS28 Phénotypage du petit animal, UPMC, Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Tenon, Médecine nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - A D Nunn
- Bracco Research USA, Princeton USA
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Krajčiová D, Melník M, Havránek E, Forgácsová A, Mikuš P. Copper compounds in nuclear medicine and oncology. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.915966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Krajčiová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Melník
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Emil Havránek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Forgácsová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Bandari RP, Jiang Z, Reynolds TS, Bernskoetter NE, Szczodroski AF, Bassuner KJ, Kirkpatrick DL, Rold TL, Sieckman GL, Hoffman TJ, Connors JP, Smith CJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of copper-64 radiolabeled [DUPA-6-Ahx-(NODAGA)-5-Ava-BBN(7-14)NH2], a novel bivalent targeting vector having affinity for two distinct biomarkers (GRPr/PSMA) of prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:355-63. [PMID: 24508213 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPr) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are two identifying biomarkers expressed in very high numbers on prostate cancer cells and could serve as a useful tool for molecular targeting and diagnosis of disease via positron-emission tomography (PET). The aim of this study was to produce the multipurpose, bivalent [DUPA-6-Ahx-((64)Cu-NODAGA)-5-Ava-BBN(7-14)NH2] radioligand for prostate cancer imaging, where DUPA = (2-[3-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-ureido]pentanedioic acid), a small-molecule, PSMA-targeting probe, 6Ahx = 6-aminohexanoic acid, 5-Ava = 5-aminovaleric acid, NODAGA = [2-(4,7-biscarboxymethyl)-1,4,7-(triazonan-1-yl)pentanedioic acid] (a derivative of NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid)), and BBN(7-14)NH2 = bombesin, a GRPr-specific peptide targeting probe. METHODS The PSMA/GRPr dual targeting ligand precursor [DUPA-6-Ahx-K-5-Ava-BBN(7-14)NH2], was synthesized by solid-phase and manual peptide synthesis, after which NODAGA was added via manual conjugation to the ε-amine of lysine (K). The new bivalent GRPr/PSMA targeting vector was purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), characterized by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and metallated with (64)CuCl2 and (nat)CuCl2. The receptor binding affinity was evaluated in human, prostate, PC-3 (GRPr-positive) and LNCaP (PSMA-positive) cells and the tumor-targeting efficacy determined in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and athymic nude mice bearing PC-3 and LNCaP tumors. Whole-body maximum intensity microPET/CT images of PC-3/LNCaP tumor-bearing mice were obtained 18 h post-injection (p.i.). RESULTS Competitive binding assays in PC-3 and LNCaP cells indicated high receptor binding affinity for the [DUPA-6-Ahx-((nat)Cu-NODAGA)-5-Ava-BBN(7-14)NH2] conjugate. MicroPET scintigraphy in PC-3/LNCaP tumor-bearing mice indicated that xenografted tumors were visible at 18h p.i. with collateral, background radiation also being observed in non-target tissue. CONCLUSIONS DUPA-6-Ahx-((64)Cu-NODAGA)-5-Ava-BBN(7-14)NH2] targeting vector, as described herein, is the first example of a dual GRPr-/PSMA-targeting radioligand for molecular of imaging prostate tumors. Detailed in vitro studies and microPET molecular imaging investigations of [DUPA-6-Ahx-((64)Cu-NODAGA)-5-Ava-BBN(7-14)NH2 in tumor-bearing mice indicate that further studies are necessary to optimize uptake and retention of tracer in GRPr- and PSMA-positive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Bandari
- Research Service, Truman VA, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zongrun Jiang
- Research Service, Truman VA, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Tamila Stott Reynolds
- Research Service, Truman VA, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nicole E Bernskoetter
- Research Service, Truman VA, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Kurt J Bassuner
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Daniel L Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Tammy L Rold
- Research Service, Truman VA, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Hoffman
- Research Service, Truman VA, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - James P Connors
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Charles J Smith
- Research Service, Truman VA, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Zhang M, Ma L, Yu P. Dual-band Fourier domain optical coherence tomography with depth-related compensations. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 5:167-82. [PMID: 24466485 PMCID: PMC3891330 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dual-band Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) provides depth-resolved spectroscopic imaging that enhances tissue contrast and reduces image speckle. However, previous dual-band FD-OCT systems could not correctly give the tissue spectroscopic contrast due to depth-related discrepancy in the imaging method and attenuation in biological tissue samples. We designed a new dual-band full-range FD-OCT imaging system and developed an algorithm to compensate depth-related fall-off and light attenuation. In our imaging system, the images from two wavelength bands were intrinsically overlapped and their intensities were balanced. The processing time of dual-band OCT image reconstruction and depth-related compensations were minimized by using multiple threads that execute in parallel. Using the newly developed system, we studied tissue phantoms and human cancer xenografts and muscle tissues dissected from severely compromised immune deficient mice. Improved spectroscopic contrast and sensitivity were achieved, benefiting from the depth-related compensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri and Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran’s Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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A heterodimeric [RGD-Glu-[(64)Cu-NO2A]-6-Ahx-RM2] αvβ3/GRPr-targeting antagonist radiotracer for PET imaging of prostate tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 41:133-9. [PMID: 24480266 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present study, we describe a (64)Cu-radiolabeled heterodimeric peptide conjugate for dual αvβ3/GRPr (αvβ3 integrin/gastrin releasing peptide receptor) targeting of the form [RGD-Glu-[(64)Cu-NO2A]-6-Ahx-RM2] (RGD: the amino acid sequence [Arg-Gly-Asp], a nonregulatory peptide used for αvβ3 integrin receptor targeting; Glu: glutamic acid; NO2A: 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetic acid; 6-Ahx: 6-amino hexanoic acid; and RM2: (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2), an antagonist analogue of bombesin (BBN) peptide used for GRPr targeting). METHODS RGD-Glu-6Ahx-RM2] was conjugated to a NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid) complexing agent to produce [RGD-Glu-[NO2A]-6-Ahx-RM2], which was purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and characterized by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Radiolabeling of the conjugate with (64)Cu produced [RGD-Glu-[(64)Cu-NO2A]-6-Ahx-RM2 in high radiochemical yield (≥95%). In vivo behavior of the radiolabeled peptide conjugate was investigated in normal CF-1 mice and in the PC-3 human prostate cancer experimental model. RESULTS A competitive displacement receptor binding assay in human prostate PC-3 cells using (125)I-[Tyr(4)]BBN as the radioligand showed high binding affinity of [RGD-Glu-[(nat)Cu-NO2A]-6-Ahx-RM2] conjugate for the GRPr (3.09±0.34 nM). A similar assay in human, glioblastoma U87-MG cells using (125)I-Echistatin as the radioligand indicated a moderate receptor-binding affinity for the αvβ3 integrin (518±37.5 nM). In vivo studies of [RGD-Glu-[(64)Cu-NO2A]-6-Ahx-RM2] showed high accumulation (4.86±1.01 %ID/g, 1h post-intravenous injection (p.i.)) and prolonged retention (4.26±1.23 %ID/g, 24h p.i.) of tracer in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice. Micro-positron emission tomography (microPET) molecular imaging studies produced high-quality, high contrast images in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice at 4h p.i. CONCLUSIONS The favorable pharmacokinetics and enhanced tumor uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-RGD-Glu-6Ahx-RM2 warrant further investigations for dual integrin and GRPr-positive tumor imaging and possible radiotherapy.
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Positron emission tomography imaging of endometrial cancer using engineered anti-EMP2 antibody fragments. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 15:68-78. [PMID: 22585360 PMCID: PMC3553410 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose As imaging of the cell surface tetraspan protein epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) expression in malignant tumors may provide important prognostic and predictive diagnostic information, the goal of this study is to determine if antibody fragments to EMP2 may be useful for imaging EMP2 positive tumors. Procedures The normal tissue distribution of EMP2 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and found to be discretely expressed in both mouse and human tissues. To detect EMP2 in tumors, a recombinant human anti-EMP2 minibody (scFv-hinge-CH3 dimer; 80 kDa) was designed to recognize a common epitope in mice and humans and characterized. In human tumor cell lines, the antibody binding induced EMP2 internalization and degradation, prompting the need for a residualizing imaging strategy. Following conjugation to DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N′,N′″-tetraacetic acid), the minibody was radiolabeled with 64Cu (t1/2 = 12.7 h) and evaluated in mice as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for human EMP2-expressing endometrial tumor xenografts. Results The residualizing agent, 64Cu-DOTA anti-EMP2 minibody, achieved high uptake in endometrial cancer xenografts overexpressing EMP2 (10.2 ± 2.6, percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) ± SD) with moderate uptake in wild-type HEC1A tumors (6.0 ± 0.1). In both cases, precise tumor delineation was observed from the PET images. In contrast, low uptake was observed with anti-EMP2 minibodies in EMP2-negative tumors (1.9 ± 0.5). Conclusions This new immune-PET agent may be useful for preclinical assessment of anti-EMP2 targeting in vivo. It may also have value for imaging of tumor localization and therapeutic response in patients with EMP2-positive malignancies.
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Yapp DT, Ferreira CL, Gill RK, Boros E, Wong MQ, Mandel D, Jurek P, Kiefer GE. Imaging Tumor Vasculature Noninvasively with Positron Emission Tomography and RGD Peptides Labeled with Copper 64 Using the Bifunctonal Chelates DOTA, Oxo-DO3A. and PCTA. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donald T.T. Yapp
- From Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC; Nordion, Vancouver, BC; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Macrocyclics, Dallas, TX
| | - Cara L. Ferreira
- From Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC; Nordion, Vancouver, BC; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Macrocyclics, Dallas, TX
| | - Rajanvir K. Gill
- From Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC; Nordion, Vancouver, BC; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Macrocyclics, Dallas, TX
| | - Eszter Boros
- From Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC; Nordion, Vancouver, BC; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Macrocyclics, Dallas, TX
| | - May Q. Wong
- From Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC; Nordion, Vancouver, BC; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Macrocyclics, Dallas, TX
| | - Derek Mandel
- From Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC; Nordion, Vancouver, BC; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Macrocyclics, Dallas, TX
| | - Paul Jurek
- From Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC; Nordion, Vancouver, BC; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Macrocyclics, Dallas, TX
| | - Garry E. Kiefer
- From Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC; Nordion, Vancouver, BC; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; and Macrocyclics, Dallas, TX
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Wienhoff BE, Prasanphanich AF, Lane SR, Nanda PK, Bandari RP, Sieckman GL, Smith CJ. Synthesis and Selective Radiolabeling Strategies for Production of [90Y-DOTA-βala-K-64Cu-NOTA-BBN(7–14) NH2] Conjugate; A Dual Negatron/Positron Emitting Radioligand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2012.731120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. E. Wienhoff
- a Department of Radiology , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - A. F. Prasanphanich
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - S. R. Lane
- a Department of Radiology , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - P. K. Nanda
- a Department of Radiology , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - R. P. Bandari
- a Department of Radiology , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - G. L. Sieckman
- c Research Division , Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | - C. J. Smith
- a Department of Radiology , University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , Missouri , USA
- c Research Division , Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital , Columbia , Missouri , USA
- d The Missouri University Research Reactor , Columbia , Missouri , USA
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Shrivastava A, Wang SH, Raju N, Gierach I, Ding H, Tweedle MF. Heterobivalent dual-target probe for targeting GRP and Y1 receptors on tumor cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:687-92. [PMID: 23265893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptor targeting ligands for imaging and/or therapy of cancer are limited by heterogeneity of receptor expression by tumor cells, both inter-patient and intra-patient. It is often more important for imaging agents to identify local and distant spread of disease than it is to identify a specific receptor presence. Two natural hormone peptide receptors, GRPR and Y1, are specifically interesting because expression of GRPR, Y1 or both is up-regulated in most breast cancers. We describe here the design and development of a new heterobivalent peptide ligand, truncated bombesin (t-BBN)/BVD15-DO3A, for dual-targeting of GRPR and Y1, and validation of its dual binding capability. Such a probe should be useful in imaging cells, tissues and tumors that are GRPR and/or Y1 positive and should target radioisotopes, for example, (68)Ga and/or (177)Lu, to more tumors cells than single GRPR or Y1 targeted probes. A GRP targeting ligand, J-G-Abz4-QWAVGHLM-NH(2) (J-G-Abz4-t-BBN), and an Y1 targeting ligand, INP-K[ε-J-(α-DO3A-ε-DGa)-K]-YRLRY-NH(2)([ε-J-(α-DO3A-ε-DGa)-K]-BVD-15), were synthesized and coupled to produce the heterobivalent ligand, t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A. Competitive displacement binding assays using t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A against (125)I-Tyr(4)-BBN yielded an IC(50) value of 18 ± 0.7 nM for GRPR in T-47D cells, a human breast cancer cell line. A similar assay using t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A against porcine (125)I-NPY showed IC(50) values of 80 ± 11 nM for Y1 receptor in MCF7 cells, another human breast cancer cell line. In conclusion, it is possible to construct a single DO3A chelate containing probe that can target both GRPR and Y1 on human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Shrivastava
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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24
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Szymański P, Frączek T, Markowicz M, Mikiciuk-Olasik E. Development of copper based drugs, radiopharmaceuticals and medical materials. Biometals 2012; 25:1089-112. [PMID: 22914969 PMCID: PMC3496555 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper is one of the most interesting elements for various biomedical applications. Copper compounds show vast array of biological actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, biocidal and other. It also offers a selection of radioisotopes, suitable for nuclear imaging and radiotherapy. Quick progress in nanotechnology opened new possibilities for design of copper based drugs and medical materials. To date, copper has not found many uses in medicine, but number of ongoing research, as well as preclinical and clinical studies, will most likely lead to many novel applications of copper in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szymański
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
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25
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Measurement of the rate of copper(II) exchange for 64Cu complexes of bifunctional chelators. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Carroll V, Demoin DW, Hoffman TJ, Jurisson SS. Inorganic chemistry in nuclear imaging and radiotherapy: current and future directions. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2012; 100:653-667. [PMID: 25382874 PMCID: PMC4221859 DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiometals play an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. This field of radiochemistry is multidisciplinary, involving radiometal production, separation of the radiometal from its target, chelate design for complexing the radiometal in a biologically stable environment, specific targeting of the radiometal to its in vivo site, and nuclear imaging and/or radiotherapy applications of the resultant radiopharmaceutical. The critical importance of inorganic chemistry in the design and application of radiometal-containing imaging and therapy agents is described from a historical perspective to future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy J Hoffman
- Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Laverman P, Sosabowski JK, Boerman OC, Oyen WJG. Radiolabelled peptides for oncological diagnosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39 Suppl 1:S78-92. [PMID: 22388627 PMCID: PMC3304069 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-2014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabelled receptor-binding peptides targeting receptors (over)expressed on tumour cells are widely under investigation for tumour diagnosis and therapy. The concept of using radiolabelled receptor-binding peptides to target receptor-expressing tissues in vivo has stimulated a large body of research in nuclear medicine. The 111In-labelled somatostatin analogue octreotide (OctreoScan™) is the most successful radiopeptide for tumour imaging, and was the first to be approved for diagnostic use. Based on the success of these studies, other receptor-targeting peptides such as cholecystokinin/gastrin analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1, bombesin (BN), chemokine receptor CXCR4 targeting peptides, and RGD peptides are currently under development or undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we discuss some of these peptides and their analogues, with regard to their potential for radionuclide imaging of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laverman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Bombesin analogues for gastrin-releasing peptide receptor imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:461-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Liolios CC, Zikos C, Fragogeorgi E, Benaki D, Pelecanou M, Pirmettis I, Ioannidis N, Sanakis Y, Raptopoulou CP, Psycharis V, Terzis A, Boschetti F, Papadopoulos MS, Sivolapenko G, Varvarigou AD. A Bombesin Copper Complex Based on a Bifunctional Cyclam Derivative. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cornelio DB, Meurer L, Schwartsmann G, Roesler R. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor as a marker of dysplastic alterations in cervical epithelial cells. Oncology 2012; 82:90-7. [PMID: 22327934 DOI: 10.1159/000335955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a leading cancer in women worldwide. The Papanicolaou test (Pap test) remains the main screening tool; however, it produces high rates of false-negative and false-positive results. Gastrin-releasing peptide is a growth factor that has been implicated in many cancers, and its main receptor, the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), is nearly always expressed in cervical dysplasias and invasive carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of GRPR immunocytochemistry in detecting cervical dysplasia and invasive cancer. METHODS Cervical smears were collected from 66 women in Brazil and subjected to GRPR immunocytochemistry and the Pap test. GRPR and p16 immunohistochemistry were performed in biopsies if abnormalities were detected. RESULTS GRPR immunostaining sensitivity in detecting cervical lesions was 87.5% and its specificity was 76.7%. GRPR immunostaining showed 80% accuracy in identifying atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), with 88% sensitivity and 71% specificity. CONCLUSION This is the first immunocytochemical evaluation of GRPR expression in cervical epithelial cells. This biomarker was strongly associated with cervical dysplasia and invasive cancers. GRPR immunosignaling showed high accuracy in detecting dysplasias in cells classified as ASCUS by Pap tests. Based on these results, immunocytochemistry for GRPR may be regarded as a valuable method for early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Baumann Cornelio
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University Hospital Research Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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31
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Craft JM, De Silva RA, Lears KA, Andrews R, Liang K, Achilefu S, Rogers BE. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a 64Cu-labeled NOTA-Bn-SCN-Aoc-bombesin analogue in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expressing prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:609-16. [PMID: 22261146 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bombesin (BN) is an amphibian peptide that binds to the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). It has been demonstrated that BN analogues can be radiolabeled for potential diagnosis and treatment of GRPR-expressing malignancies. Previous studies have conjugated various chelators to the eight C-terminal amino acids of BN [BN(7-14)] for radiolabeling with 64Cu. Recently, (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid) (NOTA) has been evaluated as the five-coordinate 64Cu complex, with results indicating GRPR-specific tumor uptake. This study aimed to conjugate S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-NOTA (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) to BN(7-14) such that it could form a six-coordinate complex with 64Cu and to evaluate the resulting peptide. METHODS p-SCN-NOTA was conjugated to 8-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc)-BN(7-14) in solution to yield NOTA-Bn-SCN-Aoc-BN(7-14). The unlabeled peptide was evaluated in a cell binding assay using PC-3 prostate cancer cells and 125I-Tyr4-BN to determine the IC50 value. The peptide was radiolabeled with 64Cu and evaluated for internalization into PC-3 cells and for tumor uptake in mice bearing PC-3 xenografts using biodistribution and micro-positron emission tomography imaging studies. RESULTS The binding assay demonstrated that NOTA-Bn-SCN-Aoc-BN(7-14) bound with high affinity to GRPR with an IC50 of 1.4 nM. The radiolabeled peptide demonstrated time-dependent internalization into PC-3 cells. In vivo, the peptide demonstrated tumor-specific uptake and imaging that were comparable to those of previously reported 64Cu-labeled BN analogues. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that 64Cu-NOTA-Bn-SCN-Aoc-BN(7-14) binds to GRPR-expressing cells and that it can be used for imaging of GRPR-expressing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Craft
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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64Cu-NO2A-RGD-Glu-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH2: a heterodimeric targeting vector for positron emission tomography imaging of prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:377-87. [PMID: 22226021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study describes the design and development of a new heterodimeric RGD-bombesin (BBN) agonist peptide ligand for dual receptor targeting of the form (64)Cu-NO2A-RGD-Glu-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH(2) in which Cu-64=a positron emitting radiometal; NO2A=1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetic acid; Glu=glutamic acid; 6-Ahx=6-aminohexanoic acid; RGD=the amino acid sequence [Arg-Gly-Asp], a nonregulatory peptide that has been used extensively to target α(v)β(3) receptors up-regulated on tumor cells and neovasculature; and BBN(7-14)NH(2)=Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH(2), an agonist analogue of bombesin peptide for specific targeting of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr). METHODS RGD-Glu-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH(2) was manually coupled with NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid), and the resulting conjugate was labeled with (64)Cu to yield (64)Cu-NO2A-RGD-Glu-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH(2). Purification was achieved via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and characterization confirmed by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Competitive displacement binding assays displayed single-digit nanomolar IC(50) values showing very high binding affinities toward the GRPr for the new heterodimeric peptide analogues. In vivo biodistribution studies showed high uptake and retention of tumor-associated radioactivity in PC-3 tumor-bearing rodent models with little accumulation and retention in nontarget tissues. The radiolabeled conjugate also exhibited rapid urinary excretion and high tumor-to-background ratios. Micro-positron emission tomography (microPET) molecular imaging investigations produced high-quality, high-contrast images in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice 15 h postinjection. CONCLUSIONS Based on microPET imaging experiments that show high-quality, high-contrast images with virtually no residual gastrointestinal radioactivity, this new heterodimeric RGD-BBN conjugate can be considered as a promising PET tracer candidate for the diagnosis of GRPr-positive tumors in human patients.
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Cutler CS, Sisay N, Cantorias M, Galazzi F, Quinn TP, Smith CJ. Development of PET molecular targeting agents with gallium-68. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2011.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The utilization of positron emission tomography (PET) is increasing due to its superior imaging quality and its ability to be used for in vivo quantification. Radionuclides that decay by positron emission can be attached to the same chelators used for radiotherapy applications in diagnosis and staging. One such isotope is 68Ga (T
1/2 = 68 min), which can be obtained from a long-lived generator by decay of the parent 68Ge (T
1/2 = 270.8 d). The availability of 68Ga from a generator plus its ability to be stably incorporated with a variety of chelates hold promise for expanding PET utilization to facilities unable to afford their own cyclotron. In collaboration with researchers at the University of Missouri, we have developed and evaluated peptides that target the melanocortin-1 receptor and the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor for peptide guided imaging and the rapy. The melanocortin-1 receptor is an attractive target for peptide guided melanoma imaging and therapy. The limited number of receptors per cell, approximately 900–5000, requires high specific activity radiolabeled peptide ligands to prevent target saturation and ensure optimal cellular uptake. GRP receptors are over-expressed by a variety of human cancers such as breast, lung, pancreatic and prostate tumors, and due to bombesin's toxicity, it is necessary to label it in high specific activity. Results are presented on NOTA and DOTA bifunctionalized α-MSH and bombesin peptides, highlighting the differences in specific activity, preparation time and in vivo characteristics.
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Shokeen M, Wadas TJ. The development of copper radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy. Med Chem 2011; 7:413-29. [PMID: 21711219 PMCID: PMC8259694 DOI: 10.2174/157340611796799177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of positron emission tomography in preclinical and clinical settings has widened the demand for radiopharmaceuticals with high specificity that can image biological phenomena in vivo. While many PET tracers have been developed from small organic molecules labeled with carbon-11 or fluorine-18, the short half-lives of these radionuclides preclude their incorporation into radiotracers, which can be used to image biological processes that are not induced immediately after system perturbation. Additionally, the continuing development of targeted agents, such as antibodies and nanoparticles, which undergo extended circulation, require that radionuclides with half-lives that are complimentary to the biological half-lives of these molecules be developed. Copper radionuclides have received considerable attention since they offer a variety of half-lives and decay energies and because the coordination chemistry of cooper and its role in biology is well understood. However, in addition to the radiometal chelate, a successful copper based radiopharmaceutical depends upon the chemical structure of the entire radiotracer, which may include a biologically important molecule and a chemical linker that can be used to deliver the copper radionuclide to a specific target and modulate its in vivo properties, respectively. This review discusses the development of copper radiopharmaceuticals and the importance of factors such as chemical structure on their pharmacokinetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shokeen
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8225, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thaddeus J. Wadas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Guo H, Lu J, Hathaway H, Royce ME, Prossnitz ER, Miao Y. Synthesis and evaluation of novel gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-targeting peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1682-9. [PMID: 21749045 DOI: 10.1021/bc200252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop novel radiolabeled gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor-targeting peptides for breast cancer imaging. Three novel 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-conjugated GnRH peptides were designed and synthesized. The radiometal chelator DOTA was conjugated to the epsilon or alpha amino group of D-lysine, or the epsilon amino group of L-lysine via an Ahx {aminohexanoic acid} linker to generate DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH1), DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH2) and DOTA-Ahx-(L-Lys(6)-GnRH3), respectively. The conjugation of the DOTA to the epsilon amino group of D-lysine (rather than alpha amino group of D-lysine nor epsilon amino group of L-lysine) maintained the nanomolar GnRH receptor binding affinity. The IC(50) values of DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH1), DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH2) and DOTA-Ahx-(L-Lys(6)-GnRH3) were 36.1 nM, 10.6 mM and 4.3 mM, respectively. Since only DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH1) displayed nanomolar receptor binding affinity, the specific GnRH receptor binding of (111)In-DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH1) was determined in human GnRH receptor membrane preparations. Furthermore, the biodistribution and tumor imaging properties of (111)In-DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH1) were examined in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer-xenografted nude mice. (111)In-DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH1) exhibited specific GnRH receptor binding and rapid tumor uptake (1.76 ± 0.58% ID/g at 0.5 h postinjection) coupled with fast whole-body clearance through the urinary system. The MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer-xenografted tumor lesions were clearly visualized by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT at 1 h postinjection of (111)In-DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH1). The profound impact of DOTA position on the binding affinity of the GnRH peptide provided a new insight into the design of novel radiolabeled GnRH peptides. The successful imaging of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer-xenografted tumor lesions using (111)In-DOTA-Ahx-(D-Lys(6)-GnRH1) suggested its potential as a novel imaging probe for human breast cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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36
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Zeglis BM, Lewis JS. A practical guide to the construction of radiometallated bioconjugates for positron emission tomography. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6168-95. [PMID: 21442098 PMCID: PMC3773488 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a vital imaging modality in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, most notably cancer. A wide array of small molecule PET radiotracers have been developed that employ the short half-life radionuclides (11)C, (13)N, (15)O, and (18)F. However, PET radiopharmaceuticals based on biomolecular targeting vectors have been the subject of dramatically increased research in both the laboratory and the clinic. Typically based on antibodies, oligopeptides, or oligonucleotides, these tracers have longer biological half-lives than their small molecule counterparts and thus require labeling with radionuclides with longer, complementary radioactive half-lives, such as the metallic isotopes (64)Cu, (68)Ga, (86)Y, and (89)Zr. Each bioconjugate radiopharmaceutical has four component parts: biomolecular vector, radiometal, chelator, and covalent link between chelator and biomolecule. With the exception of the radiometal, a tremendous variety of choices exists for each of these pieces, and a plethora of different chelation, conjugation, and radiometallation strategies have been utilized to create agents ranging from (68)Ga-labeled pentapeptides to (89)Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Herein, the authors present a practical guide to the construction of radiometal-based PET bioconjugates, in which the design choices and synthetic details of a wide range of biomolecular tracers from the literature are collected in a single reference. In assembling this information, the authors hope both to illuminate the diverse methods employed in the synthesis of these agents and also to create a useful reference for molecular imaging researchers both experienced and new to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Zeglis
- Department of Radiology and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. Fax: (646)-888-3039; Tel: (646)-888-3038
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. Fax: (646)-888-3039; Tel: (646)-888-3038
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Ma MT, Cooper MS, Paul RL, Shaw KP, Karas JA, Scanlon D, White JM, Blower PJ, Donnelly PS. Macrobicyclic cage amine ligands for copper radiopharmaceuticals: a single bivalent cage amine containing two Lys3-bombesin targeting peptides. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6701-10. [PMID: 21667932 DOI: 10.1021/ic200681s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new cage amine macrobicyclic ligands with pendent carboxylate functional groups designed for application in copper radiopharmaceuticals is described. Reaction of [Cu((NH(2))(2)sar)](2+) (sar = 3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane) with either succinic or glutaric anhydride results in selective acylation of the primary amine atoms of [Cu((NH(2))(2)sar)](2+) to give derivatives with either one or two aliphatic carboxylate functional groups separated from the cage amine framework by either a four- or five-atom linker. The Cu(II) serves to protect the secondary amine nitrogen atoms from acylation, and can be removed to give the free ligands. The newly appended carboxylate functional groups can be used as sites of attachment for cancer-targeting peptides such as Lys(3)-bombesin. The synthesis of the first dimeric sarcophagine-peptide conjugate, possessing two Lys(3)-bombesin peptides tethered to a single cage amine, is presented. This species has been radiolabeled with copper-64 at ambient temperature and there is minimal dissociation of Cu(II) from the conjugate even after two days of incubation in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Ma
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Lears KA, Ferdani R, Liang K, Zheleznyak A, Andrews R, Sherman CD, Achilefu S, Anderson CJ, Rogers BE. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of 64Cu-labeled SarAr-bombesin analogs in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-expressing prostate cancer. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:470-7. [PMID: 21321264 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.082826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bombesin is a 14-amino-acid amphibian peptide that binds with high affinity to the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), which is overexpressed on a variety of solid tumors. It has been demonstrated that bombesin analogs can be radiolabeled with a variety of radiometals for potential diagnosis and treatment of GRPR-positive tumors. In this regard, several studies have used different chelators conjugated to the 8 C-terminal amino acids of bombesin(7-14) for radiolabeling with (64)Cu. These analogs have demonstrated GRPR-specific small-animal PET of tumors but have various advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study was to conjugate the previously described (1-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]-eicosane-1,8-diamine) (SarAr) chelator to bombesin(7-14), radiolabel the conjugate with (64)Cu, and evaluate in vitro and in vivo. METHODS SarAr was synthesized as previously published and conjugated to bombesin(7-14) by solid-phase peptide synthesis using standard Fmoc chemistry. Succinic acid (SA), 8-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc), and Gly-Ser-Gly (GSG) were used as linkers between SarAr and bombesin(7-14) to yield the resulting SarAr-SA-Aoc-bombesin(7-14) and SarAr-SA-Aoc-GSG-bombesin(7-14) peptides. The unlabeled peptides were evaluated in a competitive binding assay using PC-3 prostate cancer cells and (125)I-Tyr(4)-bombesin to determine the inhibitory concentration of 50%. The peptides were radiolabeled with (64)Cu and evaluated for internalization into PC-3 cells in vitro and for in vivo tumor uptake in mice bearing PC-3 xenografts using biodistribution and small-animal PET/CT studies. RESULTS The competitive binding assay demonstrated that both SarAr-SA-Aoc-bombesin(7-14) and SarAr-SA-Aoc-GSG-bombesin(7-14) bound with high affinity to GRPR with an inhibitory concentration of 50% of 3.5 and 4.5 nM, respectively. Both peptides were radiolabeled with (64)Cu at room temperature without further purification and demonstrated similar internalization into PC-3 cells. In vivo, the radiolabeled peptides demonstrated tumor-specific uptake (13.0 and 8.5 percentage injected dose per gram for (64)Cu-SarAr-SA-Aoc-bombesin(7-14) and (64)Cu-SarAr-SA-Aoc-GSG-bombesin(7-14), respectively, at 1 h) and imaging that was comparable to, or better than, that of the previously reported (64)Cu-labeled bombesin analogs. The (64)Cu-SarAr-SA-Aoc-GSG-bombesin(7-14) had more rapid blood clearance and lower tumor and normal-tissue uptake than (64)Cu-SarAr-SA-Aoc-bombesin(7-14), resulting in similar tumor-to-blood ratios for each analog (15.1 vs. 11.3 for (64)Cu-SarAr-SA-Aoc-bombesin(7-14) and (64)Cu-SarAr-SA-Aoc-GSG-bombesin(7-14), respectively, at 1 h). CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that (64)Cu-SarAr-SA-Aoc-bombesin(7-14) and (64)Cu-SarAr-SA-Aoc-GSG-bombesin(7-14) bound with high affinity to GRPR-expressing cells and that these peptides can be used for PET of GRPR-expressing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Lears
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Kuil J, Velders AH, van Leeuwen FWB. Multimodal tumor-targeting peptides functionalized with both a radio- and a fluorescent label. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1709-19. [PMID: 20812730 DOI: 10.1021/bc100276j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of monolabeled tumor-targeting peptides for molecular imaging is widespread. However, it is often desirable to use the same compound for different clinical applications, e.g., combined pre- and intraoperative tumor detection. On the basis of their detection sensitivity, the combination of radioactivity and fluorescence is probably the most valuable in multimodal molecular imaging. In this review, we compare multimodal peptide derivatives and discuss the influence of the diagnostic labels on receptor affinity and biodistribution. On the basis of the described constructs, we propose improvements for the design of future multimodal tumor-targeting peptide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Kuil
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Correia JDG, Paulo A, Raposinho PD, Santos I. Radiometallated peptides for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6144-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Synthesis, structure and superoxide dismutase activity of a novel tetranuclear copper(II) complex Na2[Cu4Na2(TACNTA)4(H2O)6]·(H2O)26. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dearling JLJ, Voss SD, Dunning P, Snay E, Fahey F, Smith SV, Huston JS, Meares CF, Treves ST, Packard AB. Imaging cancer using PET--the effect of the bifunctional chelator on the biodistribution of a (64)Cu-labeled antibody. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 38:29-38. [PMID: 21220127 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of copper radioisotopes in antibody radiolabeling is challenged by reported loss of the radionuclide from the bifunctional chelator used to label the protein. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the thermodynamic stability of the (64)Cu-complexes of five commonly used bifunctional chelators (BFCs) and the biodistribution of an antibody labeled with (64)Cu using these chelators in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS The chelators [S-2-(aminobenzyl)1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA): 6-[p-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N, N', N'', N'''-tetraacetic acid (BAT-6): S-2-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododocane tetraacetic acid (p-NH(2)-Bn-DOTA): 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododocane-N, N', N", N"'-tetraacetic acid (DOTA): and 1-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosane-1,8-diamine (SarAr)] were conjugated to the anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18, and the modified antibody was labeled with (64)Cu and injected into mice bearing subcutaneous human melanoma tumors (M21) (n = 3-5 for each study). Biodistribution data were obtained from positron emission tomography images acquired at 1, 24 and 48 hours post-injection, and at 48 hours post-injection a full ex vivo biodistribution study was carried out. RESULTS The biodistribution, including tumor targeting, was similar for all the radioimmunoconjugates. At 48 h post-injection, the only statistically significant differences in radionuclide uptake (p < 0.05) were between blood, liver, spleen and kidney. For example, liver uptake of [(64)Cu]ch14.18-p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA was 4.74 ± 0.77 per cent of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), and for [(64)Cu]ch14.18-SarAr was 8.06 ± 0.77 %ID/g. Differences in tumor targeting correlated with variations in tumor size rather than which BFC was used. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that differences in the thermodynamic stability of these chelator-Cu(II) complexes were not associated with significant differences in uptake of the tracer by the tumor. However, there were significant differences in tracer concentration in other tissues, including those involved in clearance of the radioimmunoconjugate (e.g., liver and spleen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Lane SR, Nanda P, Rold TL, Sieckman GL, Figueroa SD, Hoffman TJ, Jurisson SS, Smith CJ. Optimization, biological evaluation and microPET imaging of copper-64-labeled bombesin agonists, [64Cu-NO2A-(X)-BBN(7–14)NH2], in a prostate tumor xenografted mouse model. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:751-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wadas TJ, Wong EH, Weisman GR, Anderson CJ. Coordinating radiometals of copper, gallium, indium, yttrium, and zirconium for PET and SPECT imaging of disease. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2858-902. [PMID: 20415480 PMCID: PMC2874951 DOI: 10.1021/cr900325h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus J Wadas
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225 St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Nanda PK, Lane SR, Retzloff LB, Pandey US, Smith CJ. Radiolabeled regulatory peptides for imaging and therapy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:69-76. [PMID: 19901831 PMCID: PMC2892114 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32833392ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the present review is to describe new, innovative strategies of diagnosing and treating specific human cancers using a cadre of radiolabeled regulatory peptides. RECENT FINDINGS Peptide receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy is a method of site-directed radiotherapy that specifically targets human cancers expressing a cognate receptor-subtype in very high numbers. Ideally, the procedure targets only the primary or metastatic disease and is minimally invasive, with little radiation damage to normal, collateral tissues. For treatment strategies of this type to be effective, it is critical to evaluate the toxicity of the treatment protocol, the radiation dosimetry of the therapeutic regimen, and the biological profile of the radiopharmaceutical, including biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Site-directed molecular imaging procedures via gamma-scintigraphy can address many of the critical issues associated with peptide receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy and it is, therefore, necessary to describe the effective balance between the clinical benefits and risks of this treatment strategy. SUMMARY Continued development in the design or chemical structure of radiolabeled, biologically active peptides could do much to improve the targeting ability of these drugs, thereby creating new and innovative strategies for diagnosis or treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasant K. Nanda
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Lane
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lauren B. Retzloff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Usha S. Pandey
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles Jeffrey Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- The Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Cai H, Li Z, Huang CW, Park R, Shahinian AH, Conti PS. An improved synthesis and biological evaluation of a new cage-like bifunctional chelator, 4-((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1-ylamino)methyl)benzoic acid, for 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 37:57-65. [PMID: 20122669 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stable attachment of (64)Cu(2+) to a targeting molecule usually requires the use of a bifunctional chelator (BFC). Sarcophagine (Sar) ligands rapidly coordinate (64)Cu(2+) within the multiple macrocyclic rings comprising the cage structure under mild conditions, providing high stability in vivo. Previously, we have designed a new versatile cage-like BFC Sar ligand, 4-((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1-ylamino)methyl)benzoic acid (AmBaSar), for (64)Cu radiopharmaceuticals. Here we report the improved synthesis of AmBaSar, (64)Cu(2+) labeling conditions and its biological evaluation compared with the known BFC 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA). METHODS The AmBaSar was synthesized in four steps starting from (1,8-diamine-Sar) cobalt(III) pentachloride ([Co(DiAmSar)]Cl(5)) using an improved synthetic method. The AmBaSar was labeled with (64)Cu(2+) in pH 5.0 ammonium acetate buffer solution at room temperature, followed by analysis and purification with HPLC. The in vitro stability of (64)Cu-AmBaSar complex was evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), fetal bovine serum and mouse blood. The microPET imaging and biodistribution studies of (64)Cu-AmBaSar were performed in Balb/c mice, and the results were compared with (64)Cu-DOTA. RESULTS The AmBaSar was readily prepared and characterized by MS and (1)H NMR. The radiochemical yield of (64)Cu-AmBaSar was >or=98% after 30 min of incubation at 25 degrees C. The (64)Cu-AmBaSar complex was analyzed and purified by HPLC with a retention time of 17.9 min. The radiochemical purity of (64)Cu-AmBaSar was more than 97% after 26 h of incubation in PBS or serum. The biological evaluation of (64)Cu-AmBaSar in normal mouse demonstrated renal clearance as the primary mode of excretion, with improved stability in vivo compared to (64)Cu-DOTA. CONCLUSIONS The new cage-like BFC AmBaSar was prepared using a simplified synthetic method. The (64)Cu-AmBaSar complex could be obtained rapidly with high radiochemical yield (>/=98%) under mild conditions. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of AmBaSar demonstrated its promising potential for preparation of (64)Cu radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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True radiotracers: Cu-64 targeting vectors based upon bombesin peptide. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:579-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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