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Bentsen S, Jensen JK, Christensen E, Petersen LR, Grandjean CE, Follin B, Madsen JS, Christensen C, Clemmensen A, Binderup T, Hasbak P, Ripa RS, Kjaer A. [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)] 2 angiogenesis PET following myocardial infarction in an experimental rat model predicts cardiac functional parameters and development of heart failure. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2073-2084. [PMID: 37127725 PMCID: PMC10558373 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis has increasingly been a target for imaging and treatment over the last decade. The integrin αvβ3 is highly expressed in cells during angiogenesis and are therefore a promising target for imaging. In this study, we aimed to investigate the PET tracer [68Ga]Ga-RGD as a marker of angiogenesis following MI and its ability to predict cardiac functional parameters. METHODS First, the real-time interaction between [68Ga]Ga-RGD and integrin αvβ3 was investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Second, an animal study was performed to investigate the [68Ga]Ga-RGD uptake in the infarcted area after one and four weeks following MI in a rat model (MI = 68, sham surgery = 36). Finally, the specificity of the [68Ga]Ga-RGD tracer was evaluated ex vivo using histology, autoradiography, gamma counting and flow cytometry. RESULTS SPR showed that [68Ga]Ga-RGD has a high affinity for integrin αvβ3, forming a strong and stable binding. PET/CT showed a significantly higher uptake of [68Ga]Ga-RGD in the infarcted area compared to sham one week (p < 0.001) and four weeks (p < 0.001) after MI. The uptake of [68Ga]Ga-RGD after one week correlated to end diastolic volume (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and ejection fraction (r = - 0.71, p < 0.001) after four weeks. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that [68Ga]Ga-RGD has a high affinity for integrin αvβ3, which enables the evaluation of angiogenesis and remodeling. The [68Ga]Ga-RGD uptake after one week indicates that [68Ga]Ga-RGD may be used as an early predictor of cardiac functional parameters and possible development of heart failure after MI. These encouraging data supports the clinical translation and future use in MI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bentsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kildevang Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Ringgaard Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Constance Eline Grandjean
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Follin
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Straarup Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Binderup
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Hasbak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Sejersten Ripa
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Carlsen EA, Loft M, Loft A, Czyzewska D, Andreassen M, Langer SW, Knigge U, Kjaer A. Prospective Phase II Trial of [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)] 2 PET/CT Imaging of Integrin α vβ 3 for Prognostication in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:252-259. [PMID: 35981899 PMCID: PMC9902862 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3, a subtype of the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)-recognizing cell surface integrins, is upregulated on endothelial cells during angiogenesis and on tumor cells. Because of involvement in tumor growth, invasiveness and metastases, and angiogenesis, integrin αvβ3 is an attractive target in cancers. In this study, we applied 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 for imaging of integrin αvβ3 in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and its potential use for prognostication. We hypothesized that 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 PET/CT would show tumor lesion uptake and that higher tumor lesion uptake was associated with a poorer prognosis. Methods: Between December 2017 and November 2020 we prospectively enrolled 113 patients with NEN of all grades (2019 World Health Organization classification) for 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 PET/CT. The scan was acquired 45 min after injection of 200 MBq of 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 Board-certified specialists in nuclear medicine and radiology analyzed the PET/CT measuring SUVmax in tumor lesions. Positive tumor lesions were defined as those with tumor-to-liver background ≥ 2. Maximal tumor SUVmax for each patient was used as a predictor of outcome. Patients were followed for at least 1 y to assess progression-free survival and overall survival. Results: Of 113 patients enrolled in the trial, 99 underwent 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 PET/CT, with 97 patients having evaluable lesions. The patients predominantly had small intestinal (64%) or pancreatic (20%) NEN and most had metastatic disease (93%). Most patients had low-grade tumors (78%), whereas 22% had high-grade tumors. During a median follow-up of 31 mo (interquartile range, 26-38 mo), 62 patients (64%) experienced disease progression and 25 (26%) patients died. In total, 76% of patients had positive tumor lesions, and of the patients with high-grade tumors 91% had positive tumor lesions. High integrin αvβ3 expression, defined as an SUVmax of at least 5.25, had a hazard ratio of 2.11 (95% CI, 1.18-3.78) and 6.95 (95% CI, 1.64-29.51) for progression-free survival and overall survival, respectively (P = 0.01 for both). Conclusion: Tumor lesion uptake of 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 was evident in patients with all grades of NEN. High uptake was associated with a poorer prognosis. Further studies are warranted to establish whether 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 PET/CT may become a prediction tool for identification of patients eligible for treatments targeting integrin αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Andreas Carlsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;,ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;,ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;,ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorota Czyzewska
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;,ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Andreassen
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seppo W. Langer
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Ulrich Knigge
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; .,ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Braun D, Judmann B, Cheng X, Wängler B, Schirrmacher R, Fricker G, Wängler C. Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Heterobivalent Peptidic Agents for Bispecific EGFR and Integrin α vβ 3 Targeting. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2793-2807. [PMID: 36687076 PMCID: PMC9850772 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabeled heterobivalent peptidic ligands (HBPLs) are a highly promising compound class for the sensitive and specific visualization of tumors as they often exhibit superior properties compared to their monospecific counterparts and are able to concomitantly or complementarily address different receptor types. The combination of two receptor-specific agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the integrin αvβ3 in one HBPL would constitute a synergistic combination of binding motifs as these two receptor types are concurrently overexpressed on several human tumor types and are closely associated with disease progression and metastasis. Here, we designed and synthesized two heterobivalent radioligands consisting of the EGFR-specific peptide GE11 and αvβ3-specific cyclic RGD peptides, bearing a (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-4,7-diyl)diacetic acid-1-glutaric acid chelator for efficient radiolabeling and linkers of different lengths between both peptides. Both HBPLs were radiolabeled with 68Ga3+ in high radiochemical yields, purities of 96-99%, and molar activities of 36-88 GBq/μmol. [68Ga]Ga-1 and [68Ga]Ga-2 were evaluated for their log D(7.4) and stability toward degradation by human serum peptidases, showing a high hydrophilicity for both agents of -3.07 ± 0.01 and -3.44 ± 0.08 as well as a high stability toward peptidase degradation in human serum with half-lives of 272 and 237 min, respectively. Further on, the in vitro receptor binding profiles of both HBPLs to the target EGF and integrin αvβ3 receptors were assessed on EGFR-positive A431 and αvβ3-positive U87MG cells. Finally, we investigated the in vivo pharmacokinetics of HBPL [68Ga]Ga-1 by positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in A431 tumor-bearing xenograft mice to assess its potential for the receptor-specific visualization of EGFR- and/or αvβ3-expressing tumors. In these experiments, [68Ga]Ga-1 demonstrated a tumor uptake of 2.79 ± 1.66% ID/g, being higher than in all other organs and tissues apart from kidneys and blood at 2 h p.i. Receptor blocking studies revealed the observed tumor uptake to be solely mediated by integrin αvβ3, whereas no contribution of the GE11 peptide sequence to tumor uptake via the EGFR could be determined. Thus, the approach to develop radiolabeled EGFR- and integrin αvβ3-bispecific HBPLs is in general feasible although another peptide lead structure than GE11 should be used as the basis for the EGFR-specific part of the agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Braun
- Biomedical
Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty
Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Molecular
Imaging and Radiochemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benedikt Judmann
- Biomedical
Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty
Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Molecular
Imaging and Radiochemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xia Cheng
- Molecular
Imaging and Radiochemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular
Imaging and Radiochemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department
of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical
Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty
Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Clausen MM, Carlsen EA, Christensen C, Madsen J, Brandt-Larsen M, Klausen TL, Holm S, Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Kroman N, Knigge U, Kjaer A. First-in-Human Study of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 PET for Integrin αvβ3 Imaging in Patients with Breast Cancer and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Safety, Dosimetry and Tumor Imaging Ability. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040851. [PMID: 35453899 PMCID: PMC9027224 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate (RGD)-recognizing cell surface integrins are involved in tumor growth, invasiveness/metastases, and angiogenesis, and are therefore an attractive treatment target in cancers. The subtype integrin αvβ3 is upregulated on endothelial cells during angiogenesis and on tumor cells. In vivo assessment of integrin αvβ3 is possible with positron emission tomography (PET). Preclinical data on radiochemical properties, tumor uptake and radiation exposure identified [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 as a promising candidate for clinical translation. In this first-in-human phase I study, we evaluate [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 PET in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) and breast cancer (BC). The aim was to investigate safety, biodistribution and dosimetry as well as tracer uptake in tumor lesions. A total of 10 patients (5 breast cancer, 5 neuroendocrine neoplasm) received a single intravenous dose of approximately 200 MBq [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2. Biodistribution profile and dosimetry were assessed by whole-body PET/CT performed at 10 min, 1 h and 2 h after injection. Safety assessment with vital parameters, electrocardiograms and blood tests were performed before and after injection. In vivo stability of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 was determined by analysis of blood and urine. PET images were analyzed for tracer uptake in tumors and background organs. No adverse events or pharmacologic effects were observed in the 10 patients. [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 exhibited good in vivo stability and fast clearance, primarily by renal excretion. The effective dose was 0.022 mSv/MBq, equaling a radiation exposure of 4.4 mSv at an injected activity of 200 MBq. The tracer demonstrated stable tumor retention and good image contrast. In conclusion, this first-in-human phase I trial demonstrated safe use of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 for integrin αvβ3 imaging in cancer patients, low radiation exposure and favorable uptake in tumors. Further studies are warranted to establish whether [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 may become a tool for early identification of patients eligible for treatments targeting integrin αvβ3 and for risk stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Martini Clausen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Esben Andreas Carlsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Camilla Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Malene Brandt-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Thomas Levin Klausen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Søren Holm
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Annika Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Anne Kiil Berthelsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Niels Kroman
- Department of Breast Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev/Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Ulrich Knigge
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Departments of Clinical Endocrinology and Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.C.); (E.A.C.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (M.B.-L.); (T.L.K.); (S.H.); (A.L.); (A.K.B.)
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Tumor Center of Excellence, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
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Li L, Chen X, Yu J, Yuan S. Preliminary Clinical Application of RGD-Containing Peptides as PET Radiotracers for Imaging Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837952. [PMID: 35311120 PMCID: PMC8924613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a common feature of many physiological processes and pathological conditions. RGD-containing peptides can strongly bind to integrin αvβ3 expressed on endothelial cells in neovessels and several tumor cells with high specificity, making them promising molecular agents for imaging angiogenesis. Although studies of RGD-containing peptides combined with radionuclides, namely, 18F, 64Cu, and 68Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have shown high spatial resolution and accurate quantification of tracer uptake, only a few of these radiotracers have been successfully translated into clinical use. This review summarizes the RGD-based tracers in terms of accumulation in tumors and adjacent tissues, and comparison with traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging. The value of RGD-based tracers for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, tumor subvolume delineation, and therapeutic response prediction is mainly discussed. Very low RGD accumulation, in contrast to high FDG metabolism, was found in normal brain tissue, indicating that RGD-based imaging provides an excellent tumor-to-background ratio for improved brain tumor imaging. However, the intensity of the RGD-based tracers is much higher than FDG in normal liver tissue, which could lead to underestimation of primary or metastatic lesions in liver. In multiple studies, RGD-based imaging successfully realized the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of solid tumors and also the prediction of chemoradiotherapy response, providing complementary rather than similar information relative to FDG imaging. Of most interest, baseline RGD uptake values can not only be used to predict the tumor efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy, but also to monitor the occurrence of adverse events in normal organs. This unique dual predictive value in antiangiogenic therapy may be better than that of FDG-based imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuanghu Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Laudicella R, Quartuccio N, Argiroffi G, Alongi P, Baratto L, Califaretti E, Frantellizzi V, De Vincentis G, Del Sole A, Evangelista L, Baldari S, Bisdas S, Ceci F, Iagaru A. Unconventional non-amino acidic PET radiotracers for molecular imaging in gliomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3925-3939. [PMID: 33851243 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this review was to explore the potential clinical application of unconventional non-amino acid PET radiopharmaceuticals in patients with gliomas. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was used based on SCOPUS and PubMed databases using the following string: ("perfusion" OR "angiogenesis" OR "hypoxia" OR "neuroinflammation" OR proliferation OR invasiveness) AND ("brain tumor" OR "glioma") AND ("Positron Emission Tomography" OR PET). From all studies published in English, the most relevant articles were selected for this review, evaluating the mostly used PET radiopharmaceuticals in research centers, beyond amino acid radiotracers and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), for the assessment of different biological features, such as perfusion, angiogenesis, hypoxia, neuroinflammation, cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness, and other biological characteristics in patients with glioma. RESULTS At present, the use of non-amino acid PET radiopharmaceuticals specifically designed to assess perfusion, angiogenesis, hypoxia, neuroinflammation, cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness, and other biological features in glioma is still limited. CONCLUSION The use of investigational PET radiopharmaceuticals should be further explored considering their promising potential and studies specifically designed to validate these preliminary findings are needed. In the clinical scenario, advancements in the development of new PET radiopharmaceuticals and new imaging technologies (e.g., PET/MR and the application of the artificial intelligence to medical images) might contribute to improve the clinical translation of these novel radiotracers in the assessment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Laudicella
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - N Quartuccio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Argiroffi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Alongi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit,, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Ct. da Pietra Pollastra-pisciotto, Cefalù, Italy
| | - L Baratto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E Califaretti
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - V Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Del Sole
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Evangelista
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S Baldari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Bisdas
- Department of Neuroradiology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Ceci
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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7
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Clinical evaluation of kit based Tc-99m-HYNIC-RGD2 for imaging angiogenesis in breast carcinoma patients. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 41:1250-1256. [PMID: 32941401 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiolabeled RGD peptide can be used for noninvasive in vivo imaging of αvβ3 integrin receptors leading to early detection of tumor cells and hence improving the clinical outcomes. In the present study single vial kit based HYNIC RGD2 was radiolabeled with Tc-99m and evaluated in patients with breast carcinoma. METHODS Radiolabeling was performed via bifunctional chelator method. Tc-99m 1110-2960 MBq (30-80 mCi) was added to the HYNIC-RGD2 vial. The reaction mixture was heated for 20 minutes at 100°C. After performing the quality checks, whole-body planar imaging was performed in 20 patients at 2-2.5 h post i.v. injection of 555-740 MBq (15-20 mCi) of the radiotracer. RESULTS Radiolabeling yield of ≥98% was observed in all the formulations. Quality control tests indicated the suitability of radiopharmaceutical for intravenous administration. Physiological uptake of Tc-99m HYNIC-RGD2 was observed in the nasopharynx, salivary glands, liver, spleen, and intestine. Good uptake of radiotracer was observed in breast lesions of 18 patients. Two patients were observed to be negative. Increased uptake was also seen in metastatic sites in two patients and in lymph nodes in three patients. Scintigraphy findings were in corroboration with pathological observations. CONCLUSION The single vial cold kit based radiolabeling of Tc-99m HYNIC-RGD2 is facile leading to its easy availability. Tc-99m HYNIC-RGD2 is a promising radiopharmaceutical which can be used for the molecular imaging of angiogenesis in breast carcinoma patients.
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Ahangari S, Hansen NL, Olin AB, Nøttrup TJ, Ryssel H, Berthelsen AK, Löfgren J, Loft A, Vogelius IR, Schnack T, Jakoby B, Kjaer A, Andersen FL, Fischer BM, Hansen AE. Toward PET/MRI as one-stop shop for radiotherapy planning in cervical cancer patients. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:1045-1053. [PMID: 34107847 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1936164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) planning for cervical cancer patients entails the acquisition of both Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Further, molecular imaging by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) could contribute to target volume delineation as well as treatment response monitoring. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a PET/MRI-only RT planning workflow of patients with cervical cancer. This includes attenuation correction (AC) of MRI hardware and dedicated positioning equipment as well as evaluating MRI-derived synthetic CT (sCT) of the pelvic region for positioning verification and dose calculation to enable a PET/MRI-only setup. MATERIAL AND METHODS 16 patients underwent PET/MRI using a dedicated RT setup after the routine CT (or PET/CT), including eight pilot patients and eight cervical cancer patients who were subsequently referred for RT. Data from 18 patients with gynecological cancer were added for training a deep convolutional neural network to generate sCT from Dixon MRI. The mean absolute difference between the dose distributions calculated on sCT and a reference CT was measured in the RT target volume and organs at risk. PET AC by sCT and a reference CT were compared in the tumor volume. RESULTS All patients completed the examination. sCT was inferred for each patient in less than 5 s. The dosimetric analysis of the sCT-based dose planning showed a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.17 ± 0.12 Gy inside the planning target volumes (PTV). PET images reconstructed with sCT and CT had no significant difference in quantification for all patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that multiparametric PET/MRI can be successfully integrated as a one-stop-shop in the RT workflow of patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ahangari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Liv Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Beck Olin
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Jakobi Nøttrup
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Heidi Ryssel
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Kiil Berthelsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Richter Vogelius
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Tine Schnack
- Department of Gynecology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Littrup Andersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Malene Fischer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adam Espe Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Copenhagen
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9
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Zhu YS, Tang K, Lv J. Peptide-drug conjugate-based novel molecular drug delivery system in cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:857-869. [PMID: 34334251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are generally believed to comprise drugs and excipients. A peptide-drug conjugate is a single molecule that can simultaneously play multiple roles in a drug delivery system, such as in vivo drug distribution, targeted release, and bioactivity functions. This molecule can be regarded as an integrated drug delivery system, so it is called a molecular drug delivery system. In the context of cancer therapy, a peptide-drug conjugate comprises a tumor-targeting peptide, a payload, and a linker. Tumor-targeting peptides specifically identify membrane receptors on tumor cells, improve drug-targeted therapeutic effects, and reduce toxic and side effects. Payloads with bioactive functions connect to tumor-targeting peptides through linkers. In this review, we explored ongoing clinical work on peptide-drug conjugates targeting various receptors. We discuss the binding mechanisms of tumor-targeting peptides and related receptors, as well as the limiting factors for peptide-drug conjugate-based molecular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shen Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Kexing Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayi Lv
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Lo WL, Lo SW, Chen SJ, Chen MW, Huang YR, Chen LC, Chang CH, Li MH. Molecular Imaging and Preclinical Studies of Radiolabeled Long-Term RGD Peptides in U-87 MG Tumor-Bearing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115459. [PMID: 34064291 PMCID: PMC8196871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) peptide shows a high affinity for αvβ3 integrin, which is overexpressed in new tumor blood vessels and many types of tumor cells. The radiolabeled RGD peptide has been studied for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy. We have developed a long-term tumor-targeting peptide DOTA-EB-cRGDfK, which combines a DOTA chelator, a truncated Evans blue dye (EB), a modified linker, and cRGDfK peptide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of indium-111(111In) radiolabeled DOTA-EB-cRGDfK in αvβ3 integrin-expressing tumors. The human glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG was used to determine the in vitro binding affinity of the radiolabeled peptide. The in vivo distribution of radiolabeled peptides in U-87 MG xenografts was investigated by biodistribution, nanoSPECT/CT, pharmacokinetic and excretion studies. The in vitro competition assay showed that 111In-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK had a significant binding affinity to U-87 MG cancer cells (IC50 = 71.7 nM). NanoSPECT/CT imaging showed 111In-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK has higher tumor uptake than control peptides (111In-DOTA-cRGDfK and 111In-DOTA-EB), and there is still a clear signal until 72 h after injection. The biodistribution results showed significant tumor accumulation (27.1 ± 2.7% ID/g) and the tumor to non-tumor ratio was 22.85 at 24 h after injection. In addition, the pharmacokinetics results indicated that the 111In-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK peptide has a long-term half-life (T1/2λz = 77.3 h) and that the calculated absorbed dose was safe for humans. We demonstrated that radiolabeled DOTA-EB-cRGDfK may be a promising agent for glioblastoma tumor imaging and has the potential as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Lo
- Division of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-J.C.); (M.-W.C.); (Y.-R.H.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Shih-Wei Lo
- Division of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-J.C.); (M.-W.C.); (Y.-R.H.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Su-Jung Chen
- Division of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-J.C.); (M.-W.C.); (Y.-R.H.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Ming-Wei Chen
- Division of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-J.C.); (M.-W.C.); (Y.-R.H.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Yuan-Ruei Huang
- Division of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-J.C.); (M.-W.C.); (Y.-R.H.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Liang-Cheng Chen
- Division of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-J.C.); (M.-W.C.); (Y.-R.H.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-Hsien Chang
- Division of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-J.C.); (M.-W.C.); (Y.-R.H.); (L.-C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Ming-Hsin Li
- Division of Isotope Application, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-J.C.); (M.-W.C.); (Y.-R.H.); (L.-C.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (M.-H.L.)
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11
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Liolios C, Sachpekidis C, Kolocouris A, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Bouziotis P. PET Diagnostic Molecules Utilizing Multimeric Cyclic RGD Peptide Analogs for Imaging Integrin α vβ 3 Receptors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061792. [PMID: 33810198 PMCID: PMC8005094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimeric ligands consisting of multiple pharmacophores connected to a single backbone have been widely investigated for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarize recent developments regarding multimeric radioligands targeting integrin αvβ3 receptors on cancer cells for molecular imaging and diagnostic applications using positron emission tomography (PET). Integrin αvβ3 receptors are glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface, which have a significant role in tumor angiogenesis. They act as receptors for several extracellular matrix proteins exposing the tripeptide sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD). Cyclic RDG peptidic ligands c(RGD) have been developed for integrin αvβ3 tumor-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) diagnosis. Several c(RGD) pharmacophores, connected with the linker and conjugated to a chelator or precursor for radiolabeling with different PET radionuclides (18F, 64Cu, and 68Ga), have resulted in multimeric ligands superior to c(RGD) monomers. The binding avidity, pharmacodynamic, and PET imaging properties of these multimeric c(RGD) radioligands, in relation to their structural characteristics are analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, specific examples from preclinical studies and clinical investigations are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Liolios
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis–Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Christos Sachpekidis
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.S.); (A.D.-S.)
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis–Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.S.); (A.D.-S.)
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (P.B.)
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12
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Clemmensen A, Hansen AE, Holst P, Schøier C, Bisgaard S, Johannesen HH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Kristensen AT, Kjaer A. [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)] 2 PET and hyperpolarized [1- 13C] pyruvate MRSI (hyperPET) in canine cancer patients: simultaneous imaging of angiogenesis and the Warburg effect. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:395-405. [PMID: 32621132 PMCID: PMC7835292 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer has a multitude of phenotypic expressions and identifying these are important for correct diagnosis and treatment selection. Clinical molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography can access several of these hallmarks of cancer non-invasively. Recently, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy with [1-13C] pyruvate has shown great potential to probe metabolic pathways. Here, we investigate simultaneous dual modality clinical molecular imaging of angiogenesis and deregulated energy metabolism in canine cancer patients. METHODS Canine cancer patients (n = 11) underwent simultaneous [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]2 (RGD) PET and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI (hyperPET). Standardized uptake values and [1-13C]lactate to total 13C ratio were quantified and compared generally and voxel-wise. RESULTS Ten out of 11 patients showed clear tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD at both 20 and 60 min after injection, with an average SUVmean of 1.36 ± 0.23 g/mL and 1.13 ± 0.21 g/mL, respectively. A similar pattern was seen for SUVmax values, which were 2.74 ± 0.41 g/mL and 2.37 ± 0.45 g/mL. The [1-13C]lactate generation followed patterns previously reported. We found no obvious pattern or consistent correlation between the two modalities. Voxel-wise tumor values of RGD uptake and lactate generation analysis revealed a tendency for each canine cancer patient to cluster in separated groups. CONCLUSION We demonstrated combined imaging of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET for angiogenesis and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI for probing energy metabolism. The results suggest that [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET and [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI may provide complementary information, indicating that hyperPET imaging of angiogenesis and energy metabolism is able to aid in cancer phenotyping, leading to improved therapy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam E Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Holst
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christina Schøier
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sissel Bisgaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle H Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Neuroendocrine Lung Cancer Mouse Models: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010014. [PMID: 33375066 PMCID: PMC7792789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroendocrine lung tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that share a common neuroendocrine nature. They range from low- and intermediate-grade typical and atypical carcinoma, to the highly malignant large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, with marked differences in incidences and prognosis. This review delineates the current knowledge of the genetic landscape of the human tumors, its influence in the development of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and the molecular imaging tools available to detect and monitor these diseases. While small cell lung carcinoma is one of the diseases best represented by GEMMs, there is a worrying lack of animal models for the other members of the group, these being understudied diseases. Regardless of the incidence and material available, they all are in urgent need of effective therapies. Abstract Neuroendocrine lung tumors comprise a range of malignancies that extend from benign tumorlets to the most prevalent and aggressive Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC). They also include low-grade Typical Carcinoids (TC), intermediate-grade Atypical Carcinoids (AC) and high-grade Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC). Optimal treatment options have not been adequately established: surgical resection when possible is the choice for AC and TC, and for SCLC chemotherapy and very recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors. Some mouse models have been generated based on the molecular alterations identified in genomic analyses of human tumors. With the exception of SCLC, there is a limited availability of (preclinical) models making their development an unmet need for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases. For SCLC, these models are crucial for translational research and novel drug testing, given the paucity of human material from surgery. The lack of early detection systems for lung cancer point them out as suitable frameworks for the identification of biomarkers at the initial stages of tumor development and for testing molecular imaging methods based on somatostatin receptors. Here, we review the relevant models reported to date, their impact on the understanding of the biology of the tumor subtypes and their relationships, as well as the effect of the analyses of the genetic landscape of the human tumors and molecular imaging tools in their development.
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14
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Børresen B, Hansen AE, Fliedner FP, Henriksen JR, Elema DR, Brandt-Larsen M, Kristensen LK, Kristensen AT, Andresen TL, Kjær A. Noninvasive Molecular Imaging of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect by 64Cu-Liposomes: In vivo Correlations with 68Ga-RGD, Fluid Pressure, Diffusivity and 18F-FDG. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8571-8581. [PMID: 33173294 PMCID: PMC7646401 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of liposome encapsulated chemotherapy in solid cancers is dependent on the presence of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a liposome encapsulated radioisotope, such as liposome encapsulated Cu-64 (64Cu-liposome) may help to identify tumors with high liposome accumulation, and thereby stratify patients based on expected benefit from liposomal chemotherapy. However, intravenous administration of liposomes without a cytotoxic content is complicated by the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon for succeeding therapeutic liposome dosing. Alternative markers for assessing the tumor’s EPR level are therefore warranted. Materials and Methods To increase our understanding of EPR variations and to ultimately identify an alternative marker for the EPR effect, we investigated the correlation between 64Cu-liposome PET/CT (EPR effect) and 68Ga-RGD PET/CT (neoangiogenesis), 18F-FDG PET/CT (glycolysis), diffusion-weighted MRI (diffusivity) and interstitial fluid pressure in two experimental cancer models (CT26 and COLO 205). Results 64Cu-liposome and 68Ga-RGD SUVmax displayed a significant moderate correlation, however, none of the other parameters evaluated displayed significant correlations. These results indicate that differences in neoangiogenesis may explain some EPR variability, however, as correlations were only moderate and not observed for SUVmean, 68Ga-RGD is probably insufficient to serve as a stand-alone surrogate marker for quantifying the EPR effect and stratifying patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Børresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - Anders Elias Hansen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Petrine Fliedner
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Jonas Rosager Henriksen
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Dennis Ringkjøbing Elema
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Malene Brandt-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Lotte Kellemann Kristensen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark.,Minerva Imaging, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Thuri Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark.,Minerva Imaging, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
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Human dosimetry of free 211At and meta-[ 211At]astatobenzylguanidine ( 211At-MABG) estimated using preclinical biodistribution from normal mice. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:58. [PMID: 32960387 PMCID: PMC7509022 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 211At is one of the ideal nuclides for targeted radionuclide therapies (TRTs). Meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine (211At-MABG) has been proposed for the treatment of pheochromocytoma. To effectively use these radiopharmaceuticals, dosimetry must be performed. It is important to determine the absorbed doses of free 211At and 211At-MABG to determine the organs that may be at risk when using TRTs. The aim of this study was to estimate human dosimetry from preclinical biodistribution of free 211At and 211At-MABG in various organs in normal mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 N mice were administered 0.13 MBq of free 211At or 0.20 MBq of 211At-MABG by tail-vein injection. The mice were sacrificed at 5 min, and at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after the injection (n = 5 for each group). The percentage of injected activity per mass in organs and blood (%IA/g) was determined. The human absorbed doses of free 211At and 211At-MABG were calculated using the Organ Level INternal Dose Assessment/EXponential Modeling (OLINDA/EXM) version 2.0 and IDAC-Dose 2.1. Results High uptake of free 211At was observed in the lungs, spleen, salivary glands, stomach, and thyroid. The absorbed doses of free 211At in the thyroid and several tissues were higher than those of 211At-MABG. The absorbed doses of 211At-MABG in the adrenal glands, heart wall, and liver were higher than those of free 211At. Conclusions The absorbed doses of 211At-MABG in organs expressing the norepinephrine transporter were higher than those of free 211At. In addition, the biodistribution of free 211At was different from that of 211At-MABG. The absorbed dose of free 211At may help predict the organs potentially at risk during TRTs using 211At-MABG due to deastatination.
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Othman MFB, Verger E, Costa I, Tanapirakgul M, Cooper MS, Imberti C, Lewington VJ, Blower PJ, Terry SYA. In vitro cytotoxicity of Auger electron-emitting [ 67Ga]Ga-trastuzumab. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 80-81:57-64. [PMID: 31889612 PMCID: PMC7099941 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Molecular radiotherapy exploiting short-range Auger electron-emitting radionuclides has potential for targeted cancer treatment and, in particular, is an attractive option for managing micrometastatic disease. Here, an approach using chelator-trastuzumab conjugates to target radioactivity to breast cancer cells was evaluated as a proof-of-concept to assess the suitability of 67Ga as a therapeutic radionuclide. Methods THP-trastuzumab and DOTA-trastuzumab were synthesised and radiolabelled with Auger electron-emitters 67Ga and 111In, respectively. Radiopharmaceuticals were tested for HER2-specific binding and internalisation, and their effects on viability (dye exclusion) and clonogenicity of HER2-positive HCC1954 and HER2–negative MDA-MB-231 cell lines was measured. Labelled cell populations were studied by microautoradiography. Results Labelling efficiencies for [67Ga]Ga-THP-trastuzumab and [111In]In-DOTA-trastuzumab were 90% and 98%, respectively, giving specific activities 0.52 ± 0.16 and 0.61 ± 0.11 MBq/μg (78–92 GBq/μmol). At 4 nM total antibody concentration and 200 × 103 cells/mL, [67Ga]Ga-THP-trastuzumab showed higher percentage of cell association (10.7 ± 1.3%) than [111In]In-DOTA-trastuzumab (6.2 ± 1.6%; p = 0.01). The proportion of bound activity that was internalised did not differ significantly for the two tracers (62.1 ± 1.4% and 60.8 ± 15.5%, respectively). At 100 nM, percentage cell binding of both radiopharmaceuticals was greatly reduced compared to 4 nM and did not differ significantly between the two (1.2 ± 1.0% [67Ga]Ga-THP-trastuzumab and 0.8 ± 0.9% for [111In]In-DOTA-trastuzumab). Viability and clonogenicity of HER2-positive cells decreased when each radionuclide was incorporated into cells by conjugation with trastuzumab, but not when the same level of radioactivity was confined to the medium by omitting the antibody conjugation, suggesting that 67Ga needs to be cell-bound or internalised for a therapeutic effect. Microautoradiography showed that radioactivity bound to individual cells varied considerably within the population. Conclusions [67Ga]Ga-THP-trastuzumab reduced cell viability and clonogenicity only when cell-bound, suggesting 67Ga holds promise as a therapeutic radionuclide as part of a targeted radiopharmaceutical. The causes and consequences of non-homogeneous uptake among the cell population should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Faiz Bin Othman
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Verger
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Costa
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Meena Tanapirakgul
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret S Cooper
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie J Lewington
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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Vatsa R, Shukla J, Kumar S, Chakraboarty S, Dash A, Singh G, Mittal BR. Effect of Macro-Cyclic Bifunctional Chelators DOTA and NODAGA on Radiolabeling and In Vivo Biodistribution of Ga-68 Cyclic RGD Dimer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:427-435. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Vatsa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Preliminary biological evaluation of 68Ga-labeled cyclic RGD dimer as an integrin αvβ3-targeting radiotracer for tumor PET imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gahete MD, Jimenez-Vacas JM, Alors-Perez E, Herrero-Aguayo V, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Mouse models in endocrine tumors. J Endocrinol 2018; 240:JOE-18-0571.R1. [PMID: 30475226 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors comprise a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can arise from (neuro)endocrine cells, either from endocrine glands or from the widespread diffuse neuroendocrine system, and, consequently, are widely distributed throughout the body. Due to their diversity, heterogeneity and limited incidence, studying in detail the molecular and genetic alterations that underlie their development and progression is still a highly elusive task. This, in turn, hinders the discovery of novel therapeutic options for these tumors. To circumvent these limitations, numerous mouse models of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors have been developed, characterized and used in pre-clinical, co-clinical (implemented in mouse models and patients simultaneously) and post-clinical studies, for they represent powerful and necessary tools in basic and translational tumor biology research. Indeed, different in vivo mouse models, including cell line-based xenografts (CDXs), patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMs), have been used to delineate the development, progression and behavior of human tumors. Results gained with these in vivo models have facilitated the clinical application in patients of diverse breakthrough discoveries made in this field. Herein, we review the generation, characterization and translatability of the most prominent mouse models of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors reported to date, as well as the most relevant clinical implications obtained for each endocrine and neuroendocrine tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- M Gahete, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, 14011, Spain
| | - Juan M Jimenez-Vacas
- J Jimenez-Vacas, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Emilia Alors-Perez
- E Alors-Perez, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC) / University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- V Herrero-Aguayo, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- A Fuentes-Fayos, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- S Pedraza-Arevalo, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- J Castaño, Dpt. of Cell Biology-University of Córdoba, IMIBIC-Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Cordoba, E-14004, Spain
| | - Raul M Luque
- R Luque, Dept of Cell Biology, Phisiology and Inmunology, Section of Cell Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain, Cordoba, 14014, Spain
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Noninvasive PET Imaging of a Ga-68-Radiolabeled RRL-Derived Peptide in Hepatocarcinoma Murine Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:286-296. [PMID: 29916116 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tc-99m- and I-131-labeled arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL) peptides have shown the feasibility of tumor imaging in our previous studies. However, there have been no reports using RRL peptide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this study, RRL was radiolabeled with Ga-68 under optimized reaction conditions to develop a better specific and effective tumor imaging agent. PROCEDURES RRL was synthesized and conjugated to a bifunctional chelating agent (DOTA-NHS), then radiolabeled with Ga-68. Labeling yield was optimized by varying pH, temperature, and reaction time and the stability was evaluated in human fresh serum. Cellular uptakes of [68Ga]DOTA-RRL and FITC-conjugated RRL in HepG2 cells were evaluated using a gamma counter, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. PET images and biodistribution were performed in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice after injection of [68Ga]DOTA-RRL or [68Ga]GaCl3 at different time points. Further, blocking study was investigated using cold RRL. RESULTS The labeling yield of [68Ga]DOTA-RRL was 80.6 ± 3.9 % with a pH of 3.5-4.5 at 100 °C for 15 min. The cellular uptake of [68Ga]DOTA-RRL in HepG2 cells was significantly higher than that of [68Ga]GaCl3 (P < 0.05). Moreover, the high fluorescent affinity of FITC-conjugated RRL in HepG2 cells was shown using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. After injection of [68Ga]DOTA-RRL in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice, tumor regions exhibited high radioactive accumulation over 120 min and the highest uptake at 30 min. After blocked with cold RRL, HepG2 tumors could not be visualized. [68Ga]GaCl3 was unable to show tumor images at any time point. The biodistribution results confirmed the PET imaging and blocking results. CONCLUSIONS Our study successfully prepared [68Ga]DOTA-RRL with a high labeling yield under the optimized reaction conditions and demonstrated its potential role as a PET imaging agent for tumor-targeted diagnosis.
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Fiedler L, Kellner M, Oos R, Böning G, Ziegler S, Bartenstein P, Zeidler R, Gildehaus FJ, Lindner S. Fully Automated Production and Characterization of 64 Cu and Proof-of-Principle Small-Animal PET Imaging Using 64 Cu-Labelled CA XII Targeting 6A10 Fab. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1230-1237. [PMID: 29667369 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
64 Cu is a cyclotron-produced radionuclide which offers, thanks to its characteristic decay scheme, the possibility of combining positron emission tomography (PET) investigations with radiotherapy. We evaluated the Alceo system from Comecer SpA to automatically produce 64 Cu for radiolabelling purposes. We established a 64 Cu production routine with high yields and radionuclide purity in combination with excellent operator radiation protection. The carbonic anhydrase XII targeting 6A10 antibody Fab fragment was successfully radiolabelled with the produced 64 Cu, and proof-of-principle small-animal PET experiments on mice bearing glioma xenografts were performed. We obtained a high tumor-to-contralateral muscle ratio, which encourages further in vivo investigations of the radioconjugate regarding a possible application in diagnostic tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Fiedler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kellner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Group Gene Vectors, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosel Oos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Böning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Group Gene Vectors, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Angiogenesis PET Tracer Uptake ( 68Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]₂) in Induced Myocardial Infarction and Stromal Cell Treatment in Minipigs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8020033. [PMID: 29772738 PMCID: PMC6023271 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is considered integral to the reparative process after ischemic injury. The αvβ₃ integrin is a critical modulator of angiogenesis and highly expressed in activated endothelial cells. 68Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]₂ (RGD) is a positron-emission-tomography (PET) ligand targeted towards αvβ₃ integrin. The aim was to present data for the uptake of RGD and correlate it with histology and to further illustrate the differences in angiogenesis due to porcine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (pASC) or saline treatment in minipigs after induction of myocardial infarction (MI). Three minipigs were treated with direct intra-myocardial injection of pASCs and two minipigs with saline. MI was confirmed by 82Rubidium (82Rb) dipyridamole stress PET. Mean Standardized Uptake Values (SUVmean) of RGD were higher in the infarct compared to non-infarct area one week and one month after MI in both pASC-treated (SUVmean: 1.23 vs. 0.88 and 1.02 vs. 0.86, p < 0.05 for both) and non-pASC-treated minipigs (SUVmean: 1.44 vs. 1.07 and 1.26 vs. 1.04, p < 0.05 for both). However, there was no difference in RGD uptake, ejection fractions, coronary flow reserves or capillary density in histology between the two groups. In summary, indications of angiogenesis were present in the infarcted myocardium. However, no differences between pASC-treated and non-pASC-treated minipigs could be demonstrated.
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Smith J, Qvist CC, Jacobsen KK, Larsen JM. Medical laboratory scientist: a new partner in biomarker research. Per Med 2018; 14:285-291. [PMID: 29749831 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Smith
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health & Technology, Metropolitan University College, 26 Sigurdsgade, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Christine Qvist
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Kemp Jacobsen
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health & Technology, Metropolitan University College, 26 Sigurdsgade, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health & Technology, Metropolitan University College, 26 Sigurdsgade, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Prospective of 68Ga Radionuclide Contribution to the Development of Imaging Agents for Infection and Inflammation. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018. [PMID: 29531507 PMCID: PMC5817300 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9713691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the utilization of 68Ga for the development of imaging agents has increased considerably with the leading position in the oncology. The imaging of infection and inflammation is lagging despite strong unmet medical needs. This review presents the potential routes for the development of 68Ga-based agents for the imaging and quantification of infection and inflammation in various diseases and connection of the diagnosis to the treatment for the individualized patient management.
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Kim EM, Oh PS, Jeong HJ, Lim ST, Sohn MH. α v β 3 mediated tumor imaging using 99m Tc labeled NAD/monosaccharide coated ferrihydrite nanoparticles. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 61:18-29. [PMID: 28948648 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of highly water-soluble, non-toxic, and biocompatible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/glucosamine (=Nga1Fh) and NAD/glucosamine/gluconic acid coated ferrihydrite nanoparticles (=Nga2Fh) and their possible uses to target tumors in living animals via 99m Tc and 125 I radioisotope labeling. The structural properties were investigated using DLS, zeta potential, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The cell toxicity in CT26 cancer cells and in vivo tumor targetability in U87MG and CT26 tumor-bearing mice was further evaluated using cRGDyK-tagged and cRGDfK-tagged ferrihydrite nanoparticles. The average diameters of the resulting Nga1Fh and Nga2Fh nanoparticles were <5 to 7 and <3 nm, respectively. The Nga2Fh nanoparticles did not show cell toxicity until 0.1 mg/mL. Using gamma camera imaging, 99m Tc-cRGDfK-Nga2Fh showed the highest tumor uptake in a U87MG tumor-bearing mouse when compared with that of 99m Tc-cRGDyK-Nga2Fh and 99m Tc-Nga2Fh. The image-based tumor-to-muscle ratio by time for 99m Tc-cRGDfK-Nga2Fh was 3.8 ± 1.7, 4.2 ± 2.0, 7 ± 1.5, 13 ± 2.0, 8 ± 3.7, and 2 ± 1.6 at 5 and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours, respectively. Although further studies are needed, the NAD/monosaccharide coated ferrihydrite nanoparticles could be presented as an interesting material for a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Science, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Sun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Science, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Science, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Tae Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Science, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Sohn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Science, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Jain A, Chakraborty S, Sarma HD, Dash A. A Systematic Comparative Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled RGD Peptides Conjugated with Different Chelators. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 52:125-134. [PMID: 29662561 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-017-0499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present paper reports a systematic study on the effect of bifunctional chelators (BFC) namely, NOTA, DOTA, and DTPA, on the radiochemical formulation, in vitro stability, and in vivo biological properties of 68Ga-labeled RGD peptide derivatives. Methods The three RGD conjugates namely, NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2, DOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2, and DTPA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 were radiolabeled with 68Ga and the radiolabeling was optimized with respect to the ligand amount, radiolabeling time, and temperature. Further, the 68Ga complexes were assessed for their in vitro and in vivo stabilities. The biodistribution studies of the three radiolabeled conjugates were carried out in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma tumor at 30 min and 1 h post-adimistration. Results NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 could be radiolabeled with 68Ga at room temperature while DOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 and DTPA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 were radiolabeled at high temperature. 68Ga-NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 was found to be the most kinetically rigid in in vitro stability assay. The uptake of the three radiolabeled peptide conjugates in melanoma tumor was comparable at 1 h post-administration (NOTA; DOTA; DTPA (% I.D./g):: 2.78 ± 0.38; 3.08 ± 1.1; 3.36 ± 0.49). However, the tumor/background ratio of 68Ga-NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 was the best amongst the three radiotracers. 68Ga-complexes of NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 and DOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 showed excellent in vivo stability while 68Ga-DTPA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 showed significant metabolic degradation. Conclusion These studies show that 68Ga-NOTA-Bn-E-[c(RGDfk)]2 would be the most appropriate 68Ga-labeled radiotracer and the most amenable for kit formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jain
- 1Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India.,2Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094 India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- 1Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India.,2Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094 India
| | - H D Sarma
- 3Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- 1Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085 India.,2Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094 India
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Abstract
Background Integrin-targeting radiopharmaceuticals have potential broad applications, spanning from cancer theranostics to cardiovascular diseases. We have previously reported preclinical dosimetry results of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGDyK in mice. This study presents the first human dosimetry of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGDyK in the five consecutive patients included in a clinical imaging protocol of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Five male patients underwent whole-body time-of-flight (TOF) PET/CT scans 10, 60 and 120 min after tracer injection (200 MBq). Quantification of 68Ga activity concentration was first validated by a phantom study. To be used as input in OLINDA/EXM, time-activity curves were derived from manually drawn regions of interest over the following organs: brain, thyroid, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, red marrow, pancreas, small intestine, colon, urinary bladder and whole body. A separate dosimetric analysis was performed for the choroid plexuses. Female dosimetry was extrapolated from male data. Effective doses (EDs) were estimated according to both ICRP60 and ICRP103 assuming 30-min and 1-h voiding cycles. Results The body regions receiving the highest dose were urinary bladder, kidneys and choroid plexuses. For a 30-min voiding cycle, the EDs were 15.7 and 16.5 μSv/MBq according to ICRP60 and ICRP103, respectively. The extrapolation to female dosimetry resulted in organ absorbed doses 17% higher than those of male patients, on average. The 1-h voiding cycle extrapolation resulted in EDs of 19.3 and 19.8 μSv/MBq according to ICRP60 and ICRP103, respectively. A comparison is made with previous mouse dosimetry and with other human studies employing different RGD-based radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusions According to ICRP60/ICRP103 recommendations, an injection of 200 MBq 68Ga-NODAGA-RGDyK leads to an ED in man of 3.86/3.92 mSv. For future therapeutic applications, specific attention should be directed to delivered dose to kidneys and potentially also to the choroid plexuses. Trial registration Clinical trial.gov, NCT01608516
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Abstract
Angiogenesis imaging is important for diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of various malignant and nonmalignant diseases. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence has been known to bind with the αvβ3 integrin that is expressed on the surface of angiogenic blood vessels or tumor cells. Thus, various radiolabeled derivatives of RGD peptides have been developed for angiogenesis imaging. Among the various radionuclides, (68)Ga was the most widely studied for RGD peptide imaging because of its excellent nuclear physical properties, easy-to-label chemical properties, and cost-effectiveness owing to the availability of a (68)Ge-(68)Ga generator. Thus, various (68)Ga-labeled RGD derivatives have been developed and applied for preclinical and clinical studies. Clinical trials were performed for both malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Breast cancer, glioma, and lung cancer were malignant, and myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and moyamoya disease were nonmalignant among the investigated diseases. Further, these (68)Ga-labeled RGD derivatives could be applied to assess the effects of antiangiogenic treatment or theragnosis or both, of cancers. In conclusion, the angiogenesis imaging technology using (68)Ga-labeled RGD derivatives might be useful for the development of new therapeutic assessments, and for diagnostic and theragnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seon Eo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Radhakrishnan ER, Kamaleshwaran K, Shinto A, Dash A. Clinical 68Ga-PET: Is radiosynthesis module an absolute necessity? Nucl Med Biol 2017; 46:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Othman MFB, Mitry NR, Lewington VJ, Blower PJ, Terry SYA. Re-assessing gallium-67 as a therapeutic radionuclide. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 46:12-18. [PMID: 27915165 PMCID: PMC5303015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its desirable half-life and low energy Auger electrons that travel further than for other radionuclides, 67Ga has been neglected as a therapeutic radionuclide. Here, 67Ga is compared with Auger electron emitter 111In as a potential therapeutic radionuclide. METHODS Plasmid pBR322 studies allowed direct comparison between 67Ga and 111In (1MBq) in causing DNA damage, including the effect of chelators (EDTA and DTPA) and the effects of a free radical scavenger (DMSO). The cytotoxicity of internalized (by means of delivery in the form of oxine complexes) and non-internalized 67Ga and 111In was measured in DU145 prostate cancer cells after a one-hour incubation using cell viability (trypan blue) and clonogenic studies. MDA-MB-231 and HCC1954 cells were also used. RESULTS Plasmid DNA damage was caused by 67Ga and was comparable to that caused by 111In; it was reduced in the presence of EDTA, DTPA and DMSO. The A50 values (internalized activity of oxine complexes per cell required to kill 50% of cells) as determined by trypan blue staining was 1.0Bq/cell for both 67Ga and 111In; the A50 values determined by clonogenic assay were 0.7Bq/cell and 0.3Bq/cell for 111In and 67Ga respectively. At the concentrations required to achieve these uptake levels, non-internalized 67Ga and 111In caused no cellular toxicity. Qualitatively similar results were found for MDA-MB-231 and HCC1954 cells. CONCLUSION 67Ga causes as much damage as 111In to plasmid DNA in solution and shows similar toxicity as 111In at equivalent internalized activity per cell. 67Ga therefore deserves further evaluation for radionuclide therapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE The data presented here is at the basic level of science. If future in vivo and clinical studies are successful, 67Ga could become a useful radionuclide with little healthy tissue toxicity in the arsenal of weapons for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad F Bin Othman
- King's College London, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nabil R Mitry
- King's College London, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Valerie J Lewington
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Nuclear Medicine Department, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- King's College London, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- King's College London, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Imberti C, Terry SYA, Cullinane C, Clarke F, Cornish GH, Ramakrishnan NK, Roselt P, Cope AP, Hicks RJ, Blower PJ, Ma MT. Enhancing PET Signal at Target Tissue in Vivo: Dendritic and Multimeric Tris(hydroxypyridinone) Conjugates for Molecular Imaging of α vβ 3 Integrin Expression with Gallium-68. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:481-495. [PMID: 27966893 PMCID: PMC5314429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tris(hydroxypyridinone) chelators conjugated to peptides can rapidly complex the positron-emitting isotope gallium-68 (68Ga) under mild conditions, and the resulting radiotracers can delineate peptide receptor expression at sites of diseased tissue in vivo. We have synthesized a dendritic bifunctional chelator containing nine 1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one groups (SCN-HP9) that can coordinate up to three Ga3+ ions. This derivative has been conjugated to a trimeric peptide (RGD3) containing three peptide groups that target the αvβ3 integrin receptor. The resulting dendritic compound, HP9-RGD3, can be radiolabeled in 97% radiochemical yield at a 3-fold higher specific activity than its homologues HP3-RGD and HP3-RGD3 that contain only a single metal binding site. PET scanning and biodistribution studies show that [68Ga(HP9-RGD3)] demonstrates higher receptor-mediated tumor uptake in animals bearing U87MG tumors that overexpress αvβ3 integrin than [68Ga(HP3-RGD)] and [68Ga(HP3-RGD3)]. However, concomitant nontarget organ retention of [68Ga(HP9-RGD3)] results in low tumor to nontarget organ contrast in PET images. On the other hand, the trimeric peptide homologue containing a single tris(hydroxypyridinone) chelator, [68Ga(HP3-RGD3)], clears nontarget organs and exhibits receptor-mediated uptake in mice bearing tumors and in mice with induced rheumatoid arthritis. PET imaging with [68Ga(HP3-RGD3)] enables clear delineation of αvβ3 integrin receptor expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Y. A. Terry
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona Clarke
- King’s College
London, Academic Department of Rheumatology,
Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty
of Life Sciences and Medicine, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina H. Cornish
- King’s College
London, Academic Department of Rheumatology,
Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty
of Life Sciences and Medicine, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Nisha K. Ramakrishnan
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Roselt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Cope
- King’s College
London, Academic Department of Rheumatology,
Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty
of Life Sciences and Medicine, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney J. Hicks
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Ito T, Jensen RT. Molecular imaging in neuroendocrine tumors: recent advances, controversies, unresolved issues, and roles in management. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2017; 24:15-24. [PMID: 27875420 PMCID: PMC5195891 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to review recent advances in molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), discuss unresolved issues, and review how these advances are affecting clinical management. RECENT FINDINGS Molecular imaging of NETs underwent a number of important changes in the last few years, leading to some controversies, unresolved issues, and significant changes in clinical management. The most recent changes are reviewed in this article. Particularly important is the rapid replacement in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy of In-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (CT) by Ga-fluorodopa(F-D)PA), 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-peptide-PET/CT imaging, which is now approved in many countries including the USA. Numerous studies in many different types of NETs demonstrate the greater sensitivity of Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT, its high specificity, and its impact on management. Other important developments in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy/molecular imaging include demonstrating the prognostic value of both Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT and F-fluoro-deoxyglucose PET/CT; how their use can be complementary; comparing the sensitivities and usefulness of Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT and F-FDOPA PET/CT; introducing new linkers and radiolabeled ligands such as Cu-DOTA-peptides with a long half-life, enhancing utility; and the introduction of somatostatin receptor antagonists which show enhanced uptake by NETs. In addition, novel ligands which interact with other receptors (GLP-1, bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory polpeptide, integrin, chemokines) are described, which show promise in the imaging of both NETs and other tumors. SUMMARY Molecular imaging is now required for all aspects of the management of patients with NETs. Its results are essential not only for the proper diagnostic management of the patient, but also for assessing whether the patient is a candidate for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with Lu and also for providing prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhide Ito
- aDepartment of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan bDigestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Ga-NODAGA-RGDyK(cyclic) and FDG PET/CT were performed in a 39-year-old man for the work-up of a moderately differentiated carcinoma of the gastro-esophageal junction within a clinical study protocol. Although FDG PET images showed intense, diffuse hypermetabolic lesion activity, NODAGA-RGDyK illustrated the neo-angiogenesis process with tracer uptake clearly localized in non-FDG-avid perilesional structures. Neo-angiogenesis is characterized by ανβ3 integrin expression at the lesion surface of newly formed vessels. This case supports evidence that angiogenesis imaging might therefore be a crucial step in early disease identification and localization, metastatization potential, and in monitoring the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies.
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Compounds for radionuclide imaging and therapy of malignant foci characterized by the increased angiogenesis. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Charron CL, Farnsworth AL, Roselt PD, Hicks RJ, Hutton CA. Recent developments in radiolabelled peptides for PET imaging of cancer. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Mellhammar E, Dahlbom M, Axelsson J, Strand SE. Counting Rate Characteristics and Image Distortion in Preclinical PET Imaging During Radiopharmaceutical Therapy. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1964-1970. [PMID: 27469357 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.175539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PET may provide important information on the response during radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT). Emission of radiation from the RPT radionuclide may disturb coincidence detection and impair image resolution. In this study, we tested the feasibility of performing intratherapeutic PET on 3 preclinical PET systems. METHODS Using 22Na point sources and phantoms filled with 18F, as well as a phantom filled with either 99mTc or 177Lu, we evaluated the coincidence counting rate and spatial resolution when both a PET and a therapeutic radionuclide were in the PET system. Because 99mTc has a suitable half-life and is easy obtainable, we used it as a substitute for a generic therapeutic radionuclide. RESULTS High activities of 99mTc deteriorated the coincidence counting rate from the 18F-filled phantom and the 22Na point source on all 3 systems. The counting rate could be corrected to a high degree on one of the systems by its dead-time correction. Spatial resolution was degraded at high 99mTc activities for all systems. On one of the systems, 177Lu increased the coincidence counting rate and slightly affected the spatial resolution. The results for high 177Lu activities were similar to those for 99mTc. CONCLUSION Intratherapeutic imaging might be a feasible method of studying the response to RPT. However, some sensitive preclinical PET systems, unable to handle high counting rates, will have count losses and may also introduce image artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mellhammar
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Dahlbom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences-Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lee JW, Park JA, Lee YJ, Shin UC, Kim SW, Kim BI, Lim SM, An GI, Kim JY, Lee KC. New Glucocyclic RGD Dimers for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Integrin Receptors. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:209-16. [PMID: 27403677 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of radiolabeled arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides have shown in vitro affinity for integrin ανβ3, allowing for the targeting of receptor-positive tumors in vivo. However, major differences have been found in the pharmacokinetic profiles of different radiolabeled RGD peptide analogs. The purposes of this study were to prepare (64)Cu-DOTA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]2 (R8), (64)Cu-NOTA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]2 (R9), and (64)Cu-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]2 (R10) and compare their pharmacokinetics and tumor imaging properties using small-animal positron emission tomography (PET). All three compounds were produced with high specific activity within 10 minutes. The IC50 values were similar for all the substances, and their affinities were greater than that of c(RGDyK). R8, R9, and R10 were stable for 24 hours in human and mouse serums and showed high uptake in U87MG tumors with high tumor-to-blood ratios. Compared to the control, a cyclic RGD peptide dimer without glucosamine, R10, showed low uptake in the liver. Because of their good imaging qualities and improved pharmacokinetics, (64)Cu-labeled dimer RGD conjugates (R8, R9, and R10) may have potential applications as PET radiotracers. R9 (NOTA) with highly in vivo stability consequentially showed an improved PET tumor uptake than R8 (DOTA) or R10 (NODAGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Lee
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Chol Shin
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhng Wook Kim
- 2 Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Il Kim
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lim
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Il An
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bhatt J, Mukherjee A, Korde A, Kumar M, Sarma HD, Dash A. Radiolabeling and Preliminary Evaluation of Ga-68 Labeled NODAGA-Ubiquicidin Fragments for Prospective Infection Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 19:59-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rasmussen T, Follin B, Kastrup J, Brandt-Larsen M, Madsen J, Emil Christensen T, Pharao Hammelev K, Hasbak P, Kjær A. Angiogenesis PET Tracer Uptake ((68)Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]₂) in Induced Myocardial Infarction in Minipigs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2016; 6:diagnostics6020026. [PMID: 27322329 PMCID: PMC4931421 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is part of the healing process following an ischemic injury and is vital for the post-ischemic repair of the myocardium. Therefore, it is of particular interest to be able to noninvasively monitor angiogenesis. This might, not only permit risk stratification of patients following myocardial infarction, but could also facilitate development and improvement of new therapies directed towards stimulation of the angiogenic response. During angiogenesis endothelial cells must adhere to one another to form new microvessels. αvβ₃ integrin has been found to be highly expressed in activated endothelial cells and has been identified as a critical modulator of angiogenesis. (68)Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]₂ (RGD) has recently been developed by us as an angiogenesis positron-emission-tomography (PET) ligand targeted towards αvβ₃ integrin. In the present study, we induced myocardial infarction in Göttingen minipigs. Successful infarction was documented by (82)Rubidium-dipyridamole stress PET and computed tomography. RGD uptake was demonstrated in the infarcted myocardium one week and one month after induction of infarction by RGD-PET. In conclusion, we demonstrated angiogenesis by noninvasive imaging using RGD-PET in minipigs hearts, which resemble human hearts. The perspectives are very intriguing and might permit the evaluation of new treatment strategies targeted towards increasing the angiogenetic response, e.g., stem-cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bjarke Follin
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Malene Brandt-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Emil Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karsten Pharao Hammelev
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Philip Hasbak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Mizuno Y, Uehara T, Hanaoka H, Endo Y, Jen CW, Arano Y. Purification-Free Method for Preparing Technetium-99m-Labeled Multivalent Probes for Enhanced in Vivo Imaging of Saturable Systems. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3331-9. [PMID: 26999587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metallic radionuclides provide target-specific radiolabeled probes for molecular imaging in radiochemical yields sufficient for administration to subjects without purification. However, unlabeled ligands in the injectate can compete for targeted molecules with radiolabeled probes, which eventually necessitates postlabeling purification. Herein we describe a "1 to 3" design to circumvent the issue by taking advantage of inherent coordination properties of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc). A monovalent RGD ligand possessing an isonitrile as a coordinating moiety (CN-RGD) was reacted with [(99m)Tc(CO)3(OH2)3](+) to prepare [(99m)Tc(CO)3(CN-RGD)3](+) in over 95% radiochemical yields. This complex exhibited higher integrin αvβ3 binding affinity than its unlabeled monovalent ligand, primarily due to its multivalency. This compound visualized a murine tumor without removing unlabeled ligands, while a (99m)Tc-labeled monovalent probe derived from a monovalent ligand could not. The metal coordination-mediated synthesis of radiolabeled multivalent probes thereby can be a useful approach for preparing ready-to-use target-specific probes labeled with (99m)Tc and other metallic radionuclides of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Yota Endo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Chun-Wei Jen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675 Japan
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Wu Z, Zha Z, Choi SR, Plössl K, Zhu L, Kung HF. New (68)Ga-PhenA bisphosphonates as potential bone imaging agents. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:360-71. [PMID: 27260777 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the bone using [(68)Ga]bisphosphonates may be a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic treatment. We have developed new [(68)Ga]bisphosphonates based on the chelating group, AAZTA (6-[bis(hydroxycarbonyl-methyl)amino]-1,4-bis(hydroxycarbonyl methyl)-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepine). METHOD Phenoxy derivative of AAZTA (2,2'-(6-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-6-((4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)-1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid), PhenA, 2, containing a bisphosphonate group (PhenA-BPAMD, 3, and PhenA-HBP, 4) was prepared. Labeling of these chelating agents with (68)Ga was evaluated. RESULTS The ligands reacted rapidly in a sodium acetate buffer with [(68)Ga]GaCl3 eluted from a commercially available (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator (pH4, >95% labeling at room temperature in 5min) to form [(68)Ga]PhenA-BPAMD, 3, and [(68)Ga]PhenA-HBP, 4. The improved labeling condition negates the need for further purification. The (68)Ga bisphosphonate biodistribution and autoradiography of bone sections in normal mice after an iv injection showed excellent bone uptake. CONCLUSION New (68)Ga labeled bisphosphonates may be useful as in vivo bone imaging agents in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Wu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Plössl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hank F Kung
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Nedergaard MK, Michaelsen SR, Perryman L, Erler J, Poulsen HS, Stockhausen MT, Lassen U, Kjaer A. Comparison of 18F-FET and 18F-FLT small animal PET for the assessment of anti-VEGF treatment response in an orthotopic model of glioblastoma. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:198-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ma MT, Cullinane C, Imberti C, Baguña
Torres J, Terry SYA, Roselt P, Hicks R, Blower PJ. New Tris(hydroxypyridinone) Bifunctional Chelators Containing Isothiocyanate Groups Provide a Versatile Platform for Rapid One-Step Labeling and PET Imaging with (68)Ga(3.). Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:309-18. [PMID: 26286399 PMCID: PMC4759618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new bifunctional tris(hydroxypyridinone) (THP) chelators designed specifically for rapid labeling with (68)Ga have been synthesized, each with pendant isothiocyanate groups and three 1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one groups. Both compounds have been conjugated with the primary amine group of a cyclic integrin targeting peptide, RGD. Each conjugate can be radiolabeled and formulated by treatment with generator-produced (68)Ga(3+) in over 95% radiochemical yield under ambient conditions in less than 5 min, with specific activities of 60-80 MBq nmol(-1). Competitive binding assays and in vivo biodistribution in mice bearing U87MG tumors demonstrate that the new (68)Ga(3+)-labeled THP peptide conjugates retain affinity for the αvβ3 integrin receptor, clear within 1-2 h from circulation, and undergo receptor-mediated tumor uptake in vivo. We conclude that bifunctional THP chelators can be used for simple, efficient labeling of (68)Ga biomolecules under mild conditions suitable for peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Ma
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Peter
MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir
Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Baguña
Torres
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Y. A. Terry
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Roselt
- Peter
MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Rodney
J. Hicks
- Peter
MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir
Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Chakraborty S, Chakravarty R, Vatsa R, Bhusari P, Sarma HD, Shukla J, Mittal BR, Dash A. Toward realization of 'mix-and-use' approach in ⁶⁸Ga radiopharmacy: preparation, evaluation and preliminary clinical utilization of ⁶⁸Ga-labeled NODAGA-coupled RGD peptide derivative. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:116-123. [PMID: 26527030 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present article demonstrates a 'mix-and-use' approach for radiolabeling RGD peptide derivative with (68)Ga, which is easily adaptable in hospital radiopharmacy practice. The radiotracer thus formulated was successfully used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of breast cancer in human patients. METHODS The conditions for radiolabeling NODAGA-coupled dimeric cyclic RGD peptide derivative [NODAGA-(RGD)2] with (68)Ga were optimized using (68)Ga obtained from a (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator developed in-house with CeO2-PAN composite sorbent as well as from a commercial (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator obtained from ITG, Germany. Preclinical studies were carried out in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma tumors. The radiotracer was prepared in a hospital radiopharmacy using (68)Ga obtained from ITG generator and used for monitoring breast cancer patients by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. RESULTS (68)Ga-NODAGA-(RGD)2 could be prepared with high radiolabeling yield (>98%) and specific activity (~50 GBq/μmol) within 10 min at room temperature by mixing (68)Ga with the solution of the peptide conjugate. In vivo biodistribution studies showed significant uptake (5.24±0.39% ID/g) in melanoma tumor at 30 min post-injection, with high tumor-to-background contrast. The integrin αvβ3 specificity of the tracer was corroborated by blocking study. Preliminary clinical studies in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients indicated specifically high tumor uptake (SUVmax 10-15) with good contrast. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the very few reports which presents preliminary clinical data on use of (68)Ga-NODAGA-(RGD)2 and the developed 'mix-and-use' holds tremendous prospect in clinical PET imaging using (68)Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakraborty
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rakhee Vatsa
- Department of Nuclear Medine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Priya Bhusari
- Department of Nuclear Medine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - H D Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - B R Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Velikyan I. Continued rapid growth in68Ga applications: update 2013 to June 2014. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:99-121. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Uppsala University; SE-75183 Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science; Uppsala University; SE-75285 Uppsala Sweden
- PET-Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging; Uppsala University Hospital; SE-75185 Uppsala Sweden
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Lopez-Rodriguez V, Gaspar-Carcamo R, Pedraza-Lopez M, Rojas-Calderon E, Arteaga de Murphy C, Ferro-Flores G, Avila-Rodriguez M. Preparation and preclinical evaluation of 66Ga-DOTA-E(c(RGDfK))2 as a potential theranostic radiopharmaceutical. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Thompson S, Onega M, Ashworth S, Fleming IN, Passchier J, O'Hagan D. A two-step fluorinase enzyme mediated 18F labelling of an RGD peptide for positron emission tomography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 radiolabelling of a peptide is conducted in water (pH 7.8 and 37 °C) using the fluorinase enzyme and a ‘click’ reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Thompson
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | - M. Onega
- Imanova
- Burlington Danes Building
- Imperial College London
- Hammersmith Hospital
- London
| | - S. Ashworth
- Imanova
- Burlington Danes Building
- Imperial College London
- Hammersmith Hospital
- London
| | - I. N. Fleming
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre
- School of Medicine and Dentistry
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen
- UK
| | - J. Passchier
- Imanova
- Burlington Danes Building
- Imperial College London
- Hammersmith Hospital
- London
| | - D. O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
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Terry SYA, Abiraj K, Lok J, Gerrits D, Franssen GM, Oyen WJG, Boerman OC. Can 111In-RGD2 monitor response to therapy in head and neck tumor xenografts? J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1849-55. [PMID: 25349221 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.144394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED RGD (arginylglycylaspartic acid)-based imaging tracers allow specific imaging of integrin αvβ3 expression, proteins overexpressed during angiogenesis; however, few studies have investigated the potential of these tracers to monitor responses of antiangiogenic or radiation therapy. In the studies presented here, (111)In-RGD2 was assessed for its potential as an imaging tool to monitor such responses to therapies. METHODS DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 was radiolabeled with (111)In ((111)In-RGD2), and biodistribution studies were performed in mice with subcutaneous FaDu or SK-RC-52 xenografts after treatment with either antiangiogenic therapy (bevacizumab or sorafenib) or tumor irradiation (10 Gy). Micro-SPECT imaging studies and subsequent quantitative analysis were also performed. The effect of bevacizumab, sorafenib, or radiation therapy on tumor growth was determined. RESULTS The uptake of (111)In-RGD2 in tumors, as determined from biodistribution studies, correlated well with that quantified from micro-SPECT images, and both showed that 15 d after irradiation (111)In-RGD2 uptake was enhanced. Specific or nonspecific uptake of (111)In-RGD2 in FaDu or SK-RC-52 xenografts was not affected after antiangiogenic therapy, except in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 19 d after the start of sorafenib therapy (P < 0.05). The uptake of (111)In-RGD2 followed tumor volume in studies featuring antiangiogenic therapy. However, the uptake of (111)In-RGD2 in FaDu xenografts was decreased as early as 4 h after tumor irradiation, despite nonspecific uptake remaining unaltered. Tumor growth was inhibited after antiangiogenic or radiation therapy. CONCLUSION Here, it is suggested that (111)In-RGD2 could allow in vivo monitoring of angiogenic responses after radiotherapy and may therefore prove a good clinical tool to monitor angiogenic responses early after the start of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Despite clear antitumor efficacy, antiangiogenic therapy did not alter tumor uptake of (111)In-RGD2, indicating that integrin expression was not altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Y A Terry
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keelara Abiraj
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Jasper Lok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Gerrits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Fuge F, Doleschel D, Rix A, Gremse F, Wessner A, Winz O, Mottaghy F, Lederle W, Kiessling F. In-vivo detection of the erythropoietin receptor in tumours using positron emission tomography. Eur Radiol 2014; 25:472-9. [PMID: 25196361 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEpo) is used clinically to treat anaemia. However, rhuEpo-treated cancer patients show decreased survival rates and erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) expression has been found in patient tumour tissue. Thus, rhuEpo application might promote EpoR(+) tumour progression. We therefore developed the positron emission tomography (PET)-probe (68)Ga-DOTA-rhuEpo and evaluated its performance in EpoR(+) A549 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts. METHODS (68)Ga-DOTA-rhuEpo was generated by coupling DOTA-hydrazide to carbohydrate side-chains of rhuEpo. Biodistribution was determined in tumour-bearing mice 0.5, 3, 6, and 9 h after probe injection. Competition experiments were performed by co-injecting (68)Ga-DOTA-rhuEpo and rhuEpo in five-fold excess. Probe specificity was further evaluated histologically using Epo-Cy5.5 stainings. RESULTS The blood half-life of (68)Ga-DOTA-rhuEpo was 2.6 h and the unbound fraction was cleared by the liver and kidney. After 6 h, the highest tumour to muscle ratio was reached. The highest (68)Ga-DOTA-rhuEpo accumulation was found in liver (10.06 ± 6.26%ID/ml), followed by bone marrow (1.87 ± 0.53%ID/ml), kidney (1.58 ± 0.39%ID/ml), and tumour (0.99 ± 0.16%ID/ml). EpoR presence in these organs was histologically confirmed. Competition experiments showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower PET-signals in tumour and bone marrow at 3 and 6 h. CONCLUSION (68)Ga-DOTA-rhuEpo shows favourable pharmacokinetic properties and detects EpoR specifically. Therefore, it might become a valuable radiotracer to monitor EpoR status in tumours and support decision-making in anaemia therapy. KEY POINTS • PET-probe (68) Ga-DOTA-rhuEpo was administered to assess the EpoR status in vivo • (68) Ga-DOTA-rhuEpo binds specifically to EpoR positive organs in vivo • Tumour EpoR status determination might enable decision-making in anaemia therapy with rhuEpo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fuge
- Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Thompson S, Zhang Q, Onega M, McMahon S, Fleming I, Ashworth S, Naismith JH, Passchier J, O'Hagan D. A Localized Tolerance in the Substrate Specificity of the Fluorinase Enzyme enables “Last-Step”18F Fluorination of a RGD Peptide under Ambient Aqueous Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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