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Ebenuwa I, Violet PC, Michel K, Padayatty SJ, Wang Y, Tu H, Wilkins KJ, Kassaye S, Levine M. Vitamin C Urinary Loss and Deficiency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Cross-sectional Study of Vitamin C Renal Leak in Women With HIV. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:1157-1165. [PMID: 37264998 PMCID: PMC10573720 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced plasma vitamin C (vitC) concentrations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may result from abnormal urinary excretion: a renal leak. VitC renal leak indicates underlying nutritional dysregulation independent of diet. We hypothesized that increased renal leak prevalence in HIV would be associated with deficient vitC concentrations. METHODS We conducted an outpatient cross-sectional study of 96 women (40 HIV [PWH] and 56 without HIV [PWOH]) at the National Institutes of Health and Georgetown University. Renal leak was defined as abnormal urinary vitC excretion at fasting plasma concentrations <43.2µM, 2 SDs below vitC renal threshold in healthy women. To determine the primary outcome of renal leak prevalence, matched urine and plasma samples were collected the morning after overnight fast. Secondary outcomes assessed group differences in mean plasma vitC concentrations and prevalence of vitC deficiency. Exploratory outcomes assessed clinical parameters associated with renal leak. VitC was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection. RESULTS PWH had significantly higher renal leak prevalence (73%vs14%; OR (odds ratio):16; P<.001), lower mean plasma vitC concentrations (14µMvs50µM; P<.001), and higher prevalence of vitC deficiency (43%vs7%; OR:10; P<.001) compared with PWOH, unchanged by adjustments for confounding factors. Significant predictors of renal leak included antiretroviral therapy (ART), Black race, older age, and metabolic comorbidities but not viral load or CD4 count. When compared with other chronic disease cohorts, PWH had the highest prevalence of renal leak and vitC deficiency (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of vitC renal leak in HIV was associated with vitC deficiency, ART use, and race/ethnicity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifechukwude Ebenuwa
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kate Michel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Sebastian J Padayatty
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongbin Tu
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J Wilkins
- Office of Clinical Research Support, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Yeregui E, Masip J, Viladés C, Domingo P, Pacheco YM, Blanco J, Mallolas J, Alba V, Vargas M, García-Pardo G, Negredo E, Olona M, Vidal-González J, Peraire M, Martí A, Reverté L, Gómez-Bertomeu F, Leal M, Vidal F, Peraire J, Rull A. Adipokines as New Biomarkers of Immune Recovery: Apelin Receptor, RBP4 and ZAG Are Related to CD4+ T-Cell Reconstitution in PLHIV on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042202. [PMID: 35216318 PMCID: PMC8874604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who successfully achieve virological suppression fail to recover CD4+ T-cell counts. Since adipose tissue has been discovered as a key immune organ, this study aimed to assess the role of adipokines in the HIV immunodiscordant response. This is a multicenter prospective study including 221 PLHIV starting the first antiretroviral therapy (ART) and classified according to baseline CD4+ T-cell counts/µL (controls > 200 cells/µL and cases ≤ 200 cells/µL). Immune failure recovery was considered when cases did not reach more than 250 CD4+ T cells/µL at 144 weeks (immunological nonresponders, INR). Circulating adipokine concentrations were longitudinally measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. At baseline, apelin receptor (APLNR) and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) concentrations were significantly lower in INRs than in immunological responders (p = 0.043 and p = 0.034), and they remained lower during all ART follow-up visits (p = 0.044 and p = 0.028 for APLNR, p = 0.038 and p = 0.010 for ZAG, at 48 and 144 weeks, respectively). ZAG levels positively correlated with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels (p < 0.01), and low circulating RBP4 concentrations were related to a low CD4+ T-cell gain (p = 0.018 and p = 0.039 at 48 and 144 weeks, respectively). Multiple regression adjusted for clinical variables and adipokine concentrations confirmed both low APLNR and RBP4 as independent predictors for CD4+ T cells at 144 weeks (p < 0.001). In conclusion, low APLNR and RBP4 concentrations were associated with poor immune recovery in treated PLHIV and could be considered predictive biomarkers of a discordant immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yeregui
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Jenifer Masip
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Pere Domingo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Yolanda M. Pacheco
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- UGC Clinical Laboratories, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Josep Mallolas
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
- HIV Unit and Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Alba
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Montserrat Vargas
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Graciano García-Pardo
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Eugènia Negredo
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Fundació de la Lluita contra les Infeccions, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Olona
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | | | - Maria Peraire
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Anna Martí
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Laia Reverté
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Fréderic Gómez-Bertomeu
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Manuel Leal
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Viamed Santa Ángela de la Cruz, 41014 Seville, Spain;
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Anna Rull
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (E.Y.); (J.M.); (C.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.); (G.G.-P.); (M.O.); (A.M.); (L.R.); (F.G.-B.); (J.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Infection and Immunity Research Group (INIM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (J.M.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (A.R.)
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Nathan S, Valentine B, Tom W. Functional Haplotypes in the ADIPOQ Gene are Associated with Underweight, Immunosuppression and Viral Suppression in Kenyan HIV-1 Infected Antiretroviral Treatment Naive and Experienced Injection Substance Users. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 30:489-500. [PMID: 33897209 PMCID: PMC8054454 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus and injection substance use have an influence on genes and gene expression. These effects could be beneficial or detrimental in defining disease outcomes. Adiponectin gene is key in modulating metabolic and immunoregulatory functions. Understanding the effects of human immunodeficiency virus and injection substance use on the gene in the context of antiretroviral therapy is important for predicting disease outcomes. Methods This cross-sectional genetic study determined polymorphisms in the promoter region of adiponectin gene. Two variants were analyzed: rs2241766 and rs266729. Polymorphisms were associated with clinical markers of disease outcome; underweight, immunosuppression and viral suppression. The variants were genotyped via random fragment length polymorphism. Result GC haplotype was associated with higher odds of having underweight (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.83-4.60; P=0.008 vs. OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.89-4.71; P=0.006) in antiretroviral treatment - naive and experienced injection substance users and immunosuppression (OR, 1.90; 95% CI 1.67-3.98, P=0.041) in naive. Bonferroni correction revealed GC haplotype carriers only to have low body mass index in both naive (median, 14.8; IQR, 3.2 kg/m2; P=0.002) and experienced (median, 15.2; IQR, 3.2 kg/m2; P=0.002) injection substance users. Circulating total adiponectin levels were higher in naive (median, 19.5; IQR, 7.9 µg/ml) than - experienced (median, 12.0; IQR, 4.4 µg/ml) injection substance users (P=0.0001). GC carriers presented with low serum adiponectin levels in both study groups. Conclusion The study revealed haplotypes of adiponectin gene at loci rs2241766 and rs266729 that could determine disease outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus -1 antiretroviral treatment- naive and experienced injection substance users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaviya Nathan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | | | - Were Tom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
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Xu Y, Chen X, Wijayabahu A, Zhou Z, Yu B, Spencer EC, Cook RL. Cumulative HIV Viremia Copy-Years and Hypertension in People Living with HIV. Curr HIV Res 2021; 18:143-153. [PMID: 32003696 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200131122206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the association between HIV viral load (VL) and hypertension is inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship using viremia copy-years (VCY), a cumulative measure of HIV plasma viral burden. METHODS Data were analyzed for 686 PLWH in the Florida Cohort Study, who had at least five years of VL data before the baseline. VL data were extracted from Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) and used to define peak VL (pVL), recent VL (rVL), and undetectable VL (uVL: rVL<50copies/mL). A five-year VCY (log10 copy × years/mL) before the baseline investigation, was calculated and divided into 5 groups (≤2.7, 2.8-3.7, 3.8-4.7, 4.8-5.7 and >5.7) for analysis. Hypertension was determined based on hypertension diagnosis from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was used for association analysis. RESULTS Of the total sample, 277 (40.4%) participants were hypertensive. Compared to the participants with lowest VCY (≤2.7 log10 copy × years/mL), the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval [95% CI] for hypertension of the remaining four groups, in order, were 1.91 [1.11, 3.29], 1.91 [1.03, 3.53], 2.27 [1.29, 3.99], and 1.25 [0.65, 2.42], respectively, controlling for confounders. The association was independent of pVL, rVL, and uVL, each of which was not significantly associated with hypertension. CONCLUSION Persistent HIV infection is a risk factor for hypertension among PLWH. Information provided by VCY is more effective than single time-point VL measures in investigating HIV infection- hypertension relationship. The findings of this study support the significance of continuous viral suppression in hypertension prevention among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Xinguang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Akemi Wijayabahu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Emma C Spencer
- Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, HIV/AIDS Section, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Aouizerat BE, Byun E, Pullinger CR, Gay C, Lerdal A, Lee KA. Sleep disruption and duration are associated with variants in genes involved in energy homeostasis in adults with HIV/AIDS. Sleep Med 2020; 82:84-95. [PMID: 33906044 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether selected genes and plasma markers involved in energy homeostasis are associated with sleep disruption or duration in adults with HIV/AIDS. METHODS A sample of 289 adults with HIV/AIDS wore a wrist actigraph for 72 h to estimate total sleep time (TST) and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Twenty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) spanning 5 energy homeostasis genes (adiponectin [ADIPOQ], ghrelin [GHRL], leptin [LEP], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha [PPARA], and -gamma [PPARG]) were genotyped using a custom array. Plasma markers of energy homeostasis (adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin) were measured by commercial multiplex assay. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics (race/ethnicity, gender, CD4 cell count, waist circumference, medications), both WASO and TST were associated with SNPs in ADIPOQ (rs182052), LEP (rs10244329, rs3828942), PPARA (rs135551, rs4253655), and PPARG (rs709151). Additional SNPs in ADIPOQ were associated with WASO (rs1501299, rs3821799, rs6773957) and TST (rs2241766). TST was also associated with SNPs in GHRL (rs26802), LEP (rs11760956), PPARA (rs135547, rs8138102, rs4253776), and PPARG (rs12490265, rs796313). Many covariate-adjusted associations involved a significant interaction with markers of HIV (viral load, years since diagnosis). Among plasma markers, higher adiponectin was associated with less WASO, higher ghrelin and glucose levels with shorter TST, and higher leptin with longer TST. CONCLUSIONS Replication of SNPs in all five genes and three plasma markers of energy homeostasis were associated with objective sleep measures. HIV disease influenced many of the associations. Findings strengthen evidence for associations between energy homeostasis genetics and poor sleep, and provide direction for pharmacological intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, NY, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, NY, USA.
| | - Eeeseung Byun
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clive R Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caryl Gay
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Patient Safety and Research, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anners Lerdal
- Department of Patient Safety and Research, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathryn A Lee
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Peck
- Center for Global Health Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY.,Department of Medicine Weill Bugando School of Medicine Mwanza Tanzania.,Mwanza Interventional Trials Unit Mwanza Tanzania
| | - Justin R Kingery
- Center for Global Health Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY.,Department of Medicine Weill Bugando School of Medicine Mwanza Tanzania.,Mwanza Interventional Trials Unit Mwanza Tanzania
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Paik JM, Henry L, Golabi P, Alqahtani SA, Trimble G, Younossi ZM. Presumed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Medicare Beneficiaries With HIV, 2006-2016. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofz509. [PMID: 31921938 PMCID: PMC6945300 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newer treatments for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have decreased mortality in HIV/HCV patients. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased globally; therefore, the prevalence and mortality of NAFLD among HIV (+) patients was assessed. Methods Using Medicare denominator, inpatient, and outpatient files (random 5% sample per year), serial cross-sectional analysis (2006 to 2016) was performed. Joinpoint trend analysis evaluated prevalence and mortality with average annual percent change (AAPC). HIV (+) patients and liver diseases (LDs) were identified using International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes. NAFLD was presumed using diagnosis codes or codes for metabolic dysfunction and obesity in absence of other LDs. Liver-related HIV (+) indicated HIV (+) patients with LDs. Results Among 28 675 887 Medicare beneficiaries, 47 062 were HIV (+) (mean [SD] age, 51.4 [11.3] years); 11 920 had liver diseases (6923 HCV, 2019 hepatitis B virus [HBV], 2472 presumed NAFLD, 278 alcoholic liver disease [ALD], and 1653 other LDs); 2882 HIV (+) patients died; 1260 had LDs. The prevalence and mortality for non-liver-related HIV (+) decreased (AAPC, –1.1% and –9.1%). Liver-related HIV (+) increased (AAPC, 1.7%; P = .007); mortality leveled off. Prevalence and mortality worsened for presumed NAFLD (AAPC, 9.7% and 10.0%) and improved for HBV and HCV (HBV: AAPC, –3.5% and –8.8%; HCV: AAPC, –0.7% and –4.9%). After adjustments, HCV (odds ratio [OR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–172), HBV (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.09–2.77), ALD (OR, 5.70; 95% CI, 4.34–7.48), and presumed NAFLD (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24–1.72) increased 1-year mortality. Conclusions Among HIV (+) subjects, viral hepatitis remains the leading LD for increased 1-year mortality, but the prevalence and mortality with presumed NAFLD are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Paik
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Linda Henry
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pegah Golabi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Trimble
- Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA
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8
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ZIZZA A, GRIMA P, ANDREASSI M, TUMOLO M, BORGHINI A, DE DONNO A, NEGRO P, GUIDO M. HIV infection and frequency of micronucleus in human peripheral blood cells. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2019; 60:E191-E196. [PMID: 31650053 PMCID: PMC6797881 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.3.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose People living with HIV have higher rates of malignancies than the general population in the era of active antiretroviral therapy (ART). Genotoxic effects of HIV infection and/or ART that can induce neoplastic development are not yet well known. A prospective cohort study to investigate DNA damage measured through the micronuclei (MN) frequency in HIV-patients has been performed. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 52 HIV-patients treated with ART and 55 healthy controls. Results By the comparison of MN frequency, a significant difference between HIV-patients (15.5 ± 9.8) and controls (6.0 ± 3.6) (p < 0.001) has been revealed. In univariate linear regression analysis, HCV infection (r = 0.31; p < 0.001), HIV-RNA (r = 0.29; p < 0.03) and duration of infection (r = – 0.16; p < 0.25) were associated with MN frequency; while only viral load (VL) significantly correlates (r = 0.29; p < 0.05) in a multiple regression model. Conclusions The association of VL with MN frequency supports a genotoxic effect of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. ZIZZA
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: Antonella Zizza, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy - Tel. +39 0832 422306 - Fax +39 0832 422340 -
| | - P. GRIMA
- Infectious Diseases Operative Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - M.G. ANDREASSI
- Genetics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - M.R. TUMOLO
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council, Brindisi, Italy
| | - A. BORGHINI
- Genetics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. DE DONNO
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Inter-University Centre of Research on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - P. NEGRO
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - M. GUIDO
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Inter-University Centre of Research on Influenza and other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
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9
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Schwenger KJP, Arendt BM, Smieja M, Ma DWL, Smaill F, Allard JP. Relationships between Atherosclerosis and Plasma Antioxidant Micronutrients or Red Blood Cell Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in People Living with HIV. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061292. [PMID: 31181624 PMCID: PMC6628155 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (PLWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Diet-related factors may contribute. The aim of this pilot study was to determine, in PLWH, the relationship between atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and (A) plasma antioxidant micronutrients and oxidative stress or (B) red blood cell polyunsaturated fatty acids (RBC PUFA), particularly long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Methods: (A) In a cross-sectional study, subjects had CIMT evaluated by high resolution carotid artery ultrasound. Plasma was collected for vitamin C, measured by spectrophotometry; and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, retinol, and malondialdehyde—a marker of oxidative stress—using high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry. (B) In a prospective cohort study, other subjects had RBC PUFA measured at baseline, using gas chromatography, and CIMT assessed at baseline and repeated after 2 years. Clinical data was also collected. Results: (A) 91 PLWH participated. Only alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels were positively correlated with CIMT. In a multivariate analysis, age and systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with CIMT with gamma-tocopherol near significance (p = 0.053). (B) 69 PLWH participated. At baseline, docosahexaenoic acid (n-3 PUFA) and the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA) were significantly and negatively correlated with CIMT. However, a multivariate analysis failed to detect a significant relationship either at baseline or 2 years after. Conclusion: In addition to age and systolic blood pressure, atherosclerosis assessed by CIMT might be associated with higher serum gamma-tocopherol levels. There was a non-significant association between CIMT and RBC n-3 PUFA or the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J P Schwenger
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
| | - Bianca M Arendt
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
| | - Marek Smieja
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Fiona Smaill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Johane P Allard
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.
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10
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Sarfo FS, Nichols M, Singh A, Hardy Y, Norman B, Mensah G, Tagge R, Jenkins C, Ovbiagele B. Characteristics of hypertension among people living with HIV in Ghana: Impact of new hypertension guideline. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:838-850. [PMID: 31125188 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Data on the burden of hypertension among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Africa are limited, especially after new expert consensus hypertension guidelines were published in 2017. The authors sought to assess the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among PLWH. This is a cross-sectional study involving PLWH on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (n = 250) compared with sex-matched cART-naïve PLWH (n = 201) in Ghana. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive drugs. The authors also assessed the prevalence and predictors associated with hypertension using the recent guideline recommended cutoff BP ≥ 130/80 mm Hg. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with hypertension among PLWH. The mean age of PLWH on cART was 45.7 ± 8.6 years, and 42.9 ± 8.8 years among PLWH cART-naive with 81% of study participants being women. The prevalence of hypertension among PLWH on cART and PLWH cART-naïve was 36.9% and 23.4%, P = 0.002 at BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg and 57.2% and 42.3%, respectively, P = 0.0009, at BP ≥ 130/80 mm Hg. Factors associated with hypertension at BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg in the PLWH group with adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) were increasing age, 2.08 (1.60-2.71) per 10 years, and body mass index, 1.53 (1.24-1.88) per 5 kg/m2 rise. At BP ≥ 130/80 mm Hg, cART exposure, aOR of 1.77 (95% CI: 1.20-2.63), family history of hypertension, aOR of 1.43 (1.12-1.83), and hypertriglyceridemia, aOR of 0.54 (0.31-0.93), were associated with hypertension. Among PLWH, cART exposure was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension per the new guideline definition, a finding which warrants further investigation and possible mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michelle Nichols
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Arti Singh
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Betty Norman
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Ralle Tagge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carolyn Jenkins
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A Fahme
- From the Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (S.A.F., R.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania (S.A.F., R.P.)
| | - Gerald S Bloomfield
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (G.S.B.)
| | - Robert Peck
- From the Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (S.A.F., R.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania (S.A.F., R.P.)
- Mwanza Interventions Trial Unit, Tanzania (R.P.)
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12
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Kumar S, Samaras K. The Impact of Weight Gain During HIV Treatment on Risk of Pre-diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:705. [PMID: 30542325 PMCID: PMC6277792 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and more effective treatments for AIDS, there has been a dramatic shift from the weight loss and wasting that characterised HIV/AIDS (and still does in countries where cART is not readily available or is initiated late) to healthy weight, or even overweight and obesity at rates mirroring those seen in the general population. These trends are attributable to several factors, including the "return to health" weight gain with reversal of the catabolic effects of HIV-infection following cART-initiation, strategies for earlier cART-initiation in the course of HIV-infection which have prevented many people living with HIV-infection from developing wasting, in addition to exposure to the modern obesogenic environment. Older cART regimens were associated with increased risk of body fat partitioning disorders (lipodystrophy) and cardiometabolic complications including atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus. Whilst cART now avoids those medications implicated in causing lipodystrophy, long-term cardiometabolic data on more modern cART regimens are lacking. Longitudinal studies show increased rates of incident CVD and diabetes mellitus with weight gain in treated HIV-infection. Abdominal fat gain, weight gain, and rising body mass index (BMI) in the short-term during HIV treatment was found to increase incident diabetes risk. Rising BMI was associated with increased risk of incident CVD, however the relationship varied depending on pre-cART BMI category. In contrast, a protective association with mortality is evident, predominantly in the underweight and in resource-poor settings, where weight gain reflects access to cART and virological suppression. The question of how to best evaluate, manage (and perhaps constrain) weight gain during HIV treatment is of clinical relevance, especially in the current climate of increasingly widespread cART use, rising overweight, and obesity prevalence and growing metabolic and cardiovascular disease burden in people living with HIV-infection. Large prospective studies to further characterise the relationship between weight gain during HIV treatment and risk of diabetes, CVD and mortality are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejil Kumar
- St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Shejil Kumar
| | - Katherine Samaras
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Alters the Redox System of Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Individuals: A Longitudinal Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9834803. [PMID: 28421130 PMCID: PMC5379093 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9834803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background. The combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increases the oxidative stress in HIV-infected people, which in turn favors the onset and aggravation of non-AIDS comorbidities, a common situation affecting these individuals. We aimed to evaluate the influence of cART initiation on oxidative stress parameters. This is a longitudinal study including 30 asymptomatic patients divided according to their CD4+ T cell count (G1: <500 cell/mL; G2: >500 cell/mL) before (M0) and after (M1) cART initiation. We analyzed total antioxidant capacity (TAC), fat-soluble vitamins, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane, and DNA damage. Results. Results showed a decrease in TAC, retinol, α-tocopherol, and some carotenoids, in addition to a significant increase in DNA damage at M1. These changes were more evident in G2 subjects. Moreover, there was a significant 8-isoprostane increase at M1 in individuals belonging to G1. Conclusion. The results indicate that cART interfered in the redox system, mainly by reducing the antioxidant defenses. In addition, patients who had CD4+ T counts higher than 500 cells/mm3 showed more susceptibility to genotoxicity, while patients with less CD4+ T counts displayed more damage triggered by lipoperoxidation. Considering the early beginning of cART, its chronic use, and its capacity to alter the redox status, further long-term studies on larger cohorts are needed to define the best time to initiate therapy and to investigate new strategies to delay the development of non-AIDS diseases.
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14
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Xu Y, Wang Q, Cui R, Lu K, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Uric acid is associated with vascular dementia in Chinese population. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00617. [PMID: 28239527 PMCID: PMC5318370 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mounting evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD). Uric acid (UA) has long been implicated as a critical cause of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, UA was also expected to play an important role in antioxidant and neuroprotection recently. We hypothesized that UA may have a protective role against VD. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between serum UA and cognitive dysfunction in VD. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were altogether 127 VD subjects and 81 nondemented controls enrolled in our study. Serum UA, demographic, and clinical characteristics were recorded at baseline, and all participants underwent Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at the beginning of the trial. RESULTS The VD group showed lower MMSE scores and serum UA levels than nondemented controls and there was significant statistical difference between the two groups (p < .05). Demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, gender, education, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) did not differ dramatically between groups (p > .05). In VD subjects, there was a positive correlation between serum UA and MMSE scores (r = .32, p < .05), and this correlation was independent of demographic and clinical characteristics (β = .272, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS VD subjects have dramatically lower serum UA levels in comparison to nondemented controls. Lower serum UA levels are linked to cognitive dysfunction and could serve as a potential predictor for VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory Taishan Medical University Affiliated Taishan Hospital Taian Shandong Province China
| | - Ruiting Cui
- Department of Neurology Taishan Medical University Affiliated Taishan Hospital Taian Shandong Province China
| | - Kaili Lu
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Yunlin Liu
- Department of Neurology Taishan Medical University Affiliated Taishan Hospital Taian Shandong Province China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
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15
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Adiponectin, Leptin and Inflammatory Markers in HIV-associated Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:e31-e37. [PMID: 27832021 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is more common in HIV-infected adults and children than in the general population. Adipocytokines and inflammatory markers may contribute to the pathophysiology of this condition and could be useful indices for monitoring MetS. The objective of this study was to provide information on the prevalence of MetS and investigate the role of adipocytokines and other biomarkers in this syndrome in HIV-infected pediatric patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 in the outpatient clinics of 2 tertiary pediatric referral hospitals. Fifty-four HIV-infected children and adolescents were included. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation and modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Measurements included anthropometry, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting lipids, glucose and insulin, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, vitamin D and C-reactive protein and clinical lipodystrophy assessment. RESULTS Among the total, 3.7% of patients met the International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS and 7.4% met the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. C-reactive protein and leptin levels were significantly higher and adiponectin level significantly lower in patients with MetS, regardless of the criteria used. Insulin resistance was observed in 40.7% of patients; abnormal quantitative insulin sensitivity check index values were found in 88.9%. Eighteen patients (33.3%) had vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MetS was similar to that observed in larger cohorts of HIV-infected patients in our setting. Adipocytokine dysregulation seems to be related to MetS in HIV-infected children. A high percentage of patients showed insulin resistance, which should be strictly monitored.
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16
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Influence of Insulin Resistance and TNF-α on the Inflammatory Process, Oxidative Stress, and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8962763. [PMID: 27340510 PMCID: PMC4906209 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8962763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of TNF-α and insulin resistance (IR) in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This cross-sectional study included 270 subjects (control group, n = 97) and RA patients (n = 173). RA patients were divided into four groups: the first group without IR and not using antitumor necrosis factor-α (TNF−) (G1, IR− TNF−); the second group without IR and using anti-TNF-α (G2, IR− TNF+); the third group with IR and not using anti-TNF-α (G3, IR+ TNF−); and the fourth group with IR and using anti-TNF-α (G4, IR+ TNF+). G3 and G4 had higher (p < 0.05) advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and oxidative stress index (OSI) compared to G1. G4 group presented higher (p < 0.05) AOPPs and OSI than G2. TRAP was significantly lower in G3 compared to G1. Plasma TNF-α levels were significantly higher in G4 and G2 compared to G1 (p < 0.0001) and G3 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, resp.). The presence of insulin resistance was robustly associated with both oxidative stress and TNF-α levels. More studies are warranted to verify if IR can be involved in therapeutic failure with TNF-α inhibitors. This trial is registered with Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Register number RBR-2jvj92.
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Bastard C, Antuna-Puente B, Fellahi S, Capeau J, Bastard JP. Systemic Adiponectin Values in Humans Require Standardized Units. Obes Surg 2015; 26:381-2. [PMID: 26597846 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bastard
- Service de chirurgie digestive et viscérale, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, 91000, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
| | - Barbara Antuna-Puente
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No.4809, 14610, Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- UF Bio-marqueurs Inflammatoires et Métaboliques, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de la Chine, F75020, Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR_S938, ICAN, CDR Saint-Antoine, F75012, Paris, France.
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Sorbonne Universités, F75005, Paris, France.
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- UF Bio-marqueurs Inflammatoires et Métaboliques, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de la Chine, F75020, Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR_S938, ICAN, CDR Saint-Antoine, F75012, Paris, France.
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Sorbonne Universités, F75005, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- UF Bio-marqueurs Inflammatoires et Métaboliques, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de la Chine, F75020, Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR_S938, ICAN, CDR Saint-Antoine, F75012, Paris, France.
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Sorbonne Universités, F75005, Paris, France.
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