Evidence-based nursing implementation in Mainland China: A scoping review

Pre-treatment assessment of chemotherapy for cancer patients: a multi-site evidence implementation project of 74 hospitals in China

BACKGROUND

Chemotherapy, whilst treating tumours, can also lead to numerous adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, fatigue and kidney toxicity, threatening the physical and mental health of patients. Simultaneously, misuse of chemotherapeutic drugs can seriously endanger patients' lives. Therefore, to maintain the safety of chemotherapy for cancer patients and to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy, many guidelines state that a comprehensive assessment of the cancer patient should be conducted and documented before chemotherapy. This recommended procedure, however, has yet to be extensively embraced in Chinese hospitals. As such, this study aimed to standardise the content of pre-chemotherapy assessment for cancer patients in hospitals and to improve nurses' adherence to pre-chemotherapy assessment of cancer patients by conducting a national multi-site evidence implementation in China, hence protecting the safety of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and reducing the incidence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy in patients.

METHODS

The national multi-site evidence implementation project was launched by a JBI Centre of Excellence in China and conducted using the JBI approach to evidence implementation. A pre- and post-audit approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the project. This project had seven phases: training, planning, baseline audit, evidence implementation, two rounds of follow-up audits (3 and 9 months after evidence implementation, respectively) and sustainability assessment. A live online broadcast allowed all participating hospitals to come together to provide a summary and feedback on the implementation of the project.

RESULTS

Seventy-four hospitals from 32 cities in China participated in the project, four withdrew during the project's implementation, and 70 hospitals completed the project. The pre-and post-audit showed a significant improvement in the compliance rate of nurses performing pre-chemotherapy assessments for cancer patients. Patient satisfaction and chemotherapy safety were also improved through the project's implementation, and the participating nurses' enthusiasm and belief in implementing evidence into practice was increased.

CONCLUSION

The study demonstrated the feasibility of academic centres working with hospitals to promote the dissemination of evidence in clinical practice to accelerate knowledge translation. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of cross-regional and cross-organisational collaborations to facilitate evidence dissemination.

The impact of refined nursing intervention on neurological function recovery and prognosis improvement in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm intervention

BACKGROUND

This study aims to explore the application of refined nursing intervention in patients undergoing unruptured intracranial aneurysm intervention, evaluating its impact on neurological function recovery and prognosis improvement.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with intracranial aneurysms and undergoing treatment at our hospital from February 2022 to June 2023 were included in this study. After applying complete inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure sample representativeness, a total of 92 patients were enrolled. Using a randomization method, patients were divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group received refined nursing intervention. Nursing effects were compared between the two groups, and statistical analysis was conducted using appropriate methods, with content analysis summarizing the results.

RESULTS

The observation group, post-intervention, exhibited significantly improved Neurological Function Deficit (NFD) scores compared to the control group (p = 0.023). Additionally, the observation group showed higher proportions of Grade V patients in the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) post-intervention (p = 0.031). Moreover, Fugl Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores for motor function were notably higher in the observation group than the control group (p = 0.003). The observation group also reported lower headache intensity and fewer adverse outcomes than the control group (p = 0.018, 0.038).

CONCLUSION

Refined nursing intervention in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm intervention demonstrates better outcomes in terms of neurological function recovery and prognosis improvement. It reduces uncertainty in nursing practices, effectively enhancing nursing outcomes, and warrants clinical application and promotion.

Effects of evidence-based nursing care interventions on wound pain and wound complications following surgery for finger tendon injury

We conducted this study aimed to examine the impact of evidence-based nursing interventions on postoperative wound pain and complications after surgery for finger tendon injury. A total of 86 patients treated for finger tendon injuries at our hospital from January 2021 to October 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The control group received conventional nursing care, while the experimental group received evidence-based nursing interventions. The study compared the postoperative wound pain intensity, incidence of complications and patient satisfaction with nursing care between the two groups. The analysis revealed that compared with conventional care, evidence-based nursing interventions significantly reduced the level of wound pain (p = 0.034) and the incidence of complications (4.65% vs. 18.60%, p = 0.043). It also increased patient satisfaction with the nursing care (97.67% vs. 83.72%, p = 0.026). The study indicates that the application of evidence-based nursing interventions for patients with finger tendon injuries can reduce postoperative wound pain, decrease the incidence of complications and enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care.

Climates and associated factors for evidence-based practice implementation among nurses: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The organizational climate that fosters and supports the implementation of evidence is a key factor influencing the effective implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP). Nurses, being the largest group of medical staff, play a crucial role in EBP implementation. The perception of the climate for EBP implementation among nurses in their organizations is unknown, especially among Chinese nurses.

AIMS

To clarify the implementation climate of EBP among Chinese nurses and identify the factors associated with the implementation and development of evidence-based nursing practices.

METHODS

This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. From March 2023 to April 2023, a sample of nurses (n = 1260) from two Tertiary care hospitals in central China were selected and surveyed by self-designed social-demographic questionnaire and Implementation Climate Scale. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of implementation climate.

RESULTS

The nurses achieved a mean ICS score of 59.10 ± 11.22, with mean scores exceeding 3 points for each sub-dimension and item. In the results of multiple linear regression, income satisfaction, implementation of evidence-based nursing practice project(s) within the unit, experience of evidence-based nursing practice during working life, and specific training or courses in evidence-based nursing practice were predictors of ICS. Of these, income satisfaction was the most significant predictor. These factors could explain 17.5% of the total variance in implementation climate.

CONCLUSION

The climate for implementing EBP in Chinese nursing organizations was relatively strong. Nursing managers can enhance the climate for implementing EBP in their organizations by actively improving salary and enhancing EBP-related trainings and practices.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Understanding nurses' perceptions of the EBP implementation climate in their organizations can help to identify specific barriers and facilitators to the development of EBP and facilitate its successful implementation.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

Clinical nurses were involved in data collection and completed the questionnaires on EBP implementation climate.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Knowledge and Use of Sucrose for Neonatal Pain Management in Saudi Arabia

Introduction

Sucrose is an evidence-based intervention used for short-term pain management and distress from minor procedures. Limited research exists on nurses' knowledge and use of sucrose in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia.

Objective

To assess nurses' knowledge and use of sucrose in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 68 neonatal intensive care nurses in Saudi Arabia. A modified tool assessed the knowledge and use of sucrose. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the predictors for sucrose use.

Results

Most respondents never used sucrose for neonatal pain management and did not receive any training on sucrose. The mean knowledge of nurses regarding sucrose and its use was very low (38%): 16% had a high level of knowledge regarding sucrose, 13% moderate, 19% low, and 52% very low. Nurses who received training on sucrose use and nurses who read or heard about sucrose predicted the use of sucrose.

Conclusion

Nurses' knowledge and use of sucrose were inadequate. Interventional programs are needed to enhance the nurses' knowledge regarding sucrose and its use and to enhance the utilization of sucrose as a pain management intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Saudi Arabia.

Effect of comprehensive nursing based on evidence-based nursing on reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients undergoing posterior orthopedic surgery

To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing based on evidence-based nursing during the perioperative period on reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients undergoing posterior orthopedic surgery. Data on 120 patients who underwent orthopedic posterior surgery in our hospital from February 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an observation group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 60) based on different nursing methods. Patients in the control group received routine nursing, whereas those in the observation group received comprehensive nursing under the guidance of the concept of evidence-based nursing. The incidence of postoperative pressure ulcer was also recorded. Fasting venous blood (5 mL) was collected from patients before and after surgery and used to measure levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ulcer tissue samples of patients with pressure ulcers were collected and used to detect the expression of caspase-3 protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA. The incidence of postoperative pressure ulcers was 8% in the observation group and 23% in the control group (P = .024). The scores of sensory perceptions of the patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < .001), as were the scores for moisture (P < .001), activity (P = .008), mobility (P < .001), nutrition (P = .003), friction, and shear (P < .001). After surgery, the serum MPO level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < .001), whereas the SOD level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < .001). The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGF mRNA, and caspase-3 protein in pressure ulcer tissues in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Comprehensive nursing based on the concept of evidence-based nursing can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative pressure ulcers following posterior orthopedic surgery.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the National Health Service Sustainability Model to the Chinese healthcare context

BACKGROUND

International attention is being paid to the issue of making evidence sustainable after implementation. Developing an identification model is essential to promote and monitor the sustainability of evidence implementation. However, this model is not available in Chinese. This study aims to translate the National Health Service Sustainability Model into Chinese and to verify whether the model is adapted to the Chinese healthcare environment.

METHODS

This study follows the translation and validation guidelines developed by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. The translations include forward and backward translations and their comparison. Expert reviews were used to validate the content validity of the Chinese version of the National Health Service sustainability model. Cognitive interviews were used to assess the validity of the language in the Chinese setting.

RESULTS

The translation was conducted by a bilingual research team and took 12 months. Expert reviews were undertaken with eight experts, and cognitive interviews with six participants. The content validity of the model is excellent, but at least 20% of the experts still felt that items one, three, five and nine needed refinements. In the cognitive interviews, most items, instructions and response options were well understood by the participants responsible for the evidence-based practice project. However, some language issues were still identified in items one, three, four, five, seven, nine, and ten. Participants reported that the sustainability results of the model assessment were consistent with their previous judgments of the items. Based on the expert review and interview results, items one, three, four, five, seven, nine and ten require further refinement. In summary, seven of the ten items have been amended.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides insight into how the National Health Service sustainability model can be used in the Chinese healthcare setting and paves the way for future large-scale psychometric testing.

Challenges and possible solutions for accessing scholarly literature among medical and nursing professionals and students in low-and-middle income countries: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Access to high quality research literature is essential for educating nursing and healthcare students to promote evidence-based practice. Within Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) access is limited due to financial and structural constraints within countries and institutions. Reduced access to research literature limits the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals through its impact on the education of healthcare staff and on the development of contextually appropriate evidence for practice.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the challenges and possible solutions for accessing scholarly literature among medical and nursing professionals and students in low-and-middle income countries.

DESIGN

Systematic review.

DATA SOURCES

Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL PLUS, ERIC, ASSIA, EMBASE, and Google Scholar.

REVIEW METHODS

Five bibliography databases were searched using relevant search terms, from January 2002 to July 2022. Additional searches were carried out in Google Scholar. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently screened by at least two authors, based on predefined eligibility criteria. Pertinent data were extracted from included studies, and critical appraisal was undertaken. Data were analysed and presented in a narrative approach.

RESULTS

Five papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. Three aspects of challenges at different levels emerged: infrastructure and institutional level factors, individual factors, and lack of contextually appropriate evidence. Three solutions were identified: capacity development opportunities, improving Internet access, and increasing awareness of free resources.

CONCLUSION

This review provides an overview of common barriers medical and nursing professionals and students encounter whilst accessing scholarly literature in LMICs and identifies some possible solutions to address them. The findings can be used to guide institutions, as well as national and international decision makers to elicit policy which can promote the uptake of research in LMICs. Further research should focus on how these solutions could be harnessed to address the problems identified in this review.

Barriers to implementing evidence-based nursing practice from the hospitals' point of view in China: A regional cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

There is a widespread international agreement that healthcare should be based on high-quality evidence; however, bridging the gap from evidence to practice is still problematic. Although barriers to the implementation of evidence-based nursing practice have been identified, most studies have focused on clinical nurses' perceptions of the barriers to evidence-based nursing practice, with a lack of investigation into barriers from the hospitals' viewpoint.

OBJECTIVES

To identify existing barriers to implementing evidence-based nursing practice from the hospitals' viewpoint.

DESIGN

A descriptive study employing a regional cross-sectional survey.

SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS

A convenience sample of 91 hospitals in Guangdong Province, China.

METHODS

The survey used an online questionnaire containing basic hospital information and an open-ended question. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse basic hospital data. Responses to the open-ended question were analysed with thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The sample consisted of 89 valid responses to the open-ended question. Five themes were identified: (1) knowledge (70.8 %); (2) environmental context and resources (42.7 %); (3) social influences (7.9 %); (4) intentions (7.9 %); and (5) beliefs about capabilities (1.1 %).

CONCLUSION

Introduced early in 2001, China has embraced evidence-based nursing for more than 20 years. However, lack of knowledge is still the top barrier to implementing evidence-based nursing practice in hospitals in China. The findings indicate a need for more evidence-based nursing practice teaching strategies towards further enhancing clinical nurses' and nursing managers' evidence-based nursing practice beliefs, knowledge, and skills.

Nurse-to-nurse horizontal violence in Chinese hospitals and the protective role of head nurse's caring and nurses' group behaviour on it: A cross-sectional study

AIMS

This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of nurse-to-nurse horizontal violence in Chinese hospitals and examine the effects of head nurse's caring and nurse's group behaviour on horizontal violence.

BACKGROUND

Horizontal violence is a serious global problem affecting the nursing profession, but little is known of the issue in Chinese hospitals. Increasing evidence has showed that leadership and group factors are important in facilitating horizontal violence. Whether the head nurse's caring and group behaviour perceived by nurses has protective effects against horizontal violence remains unclear.

METHODS

A cross-sectional online-based questionnaire study was performed in seven general hospitals in Hubei Province, China. Data related to the demographic information, horizontal violence, head nurse's caring and group behaviour were collected. Descriptive analyses, chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 1942 valid questionnaires were collected, with a 92.70% effective response rate (1942/2095). Of those, 59.1% (1148/1942) of respondents had experienced horizontal violence at least once in the previous 6 months. Covert negative behaviours were more frequently reported. Compared with the low level, moderate and high levels of the head nurse's caring showed a lower risk of horizontal violence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.400, p < .001; OR = 0.128, p < .001); moderate and high levels of group behaviour also showed a reduced risk (OR = 0.601, p < .001; OR = 0.221, p < .001).

CONCLUSION

Horizontal violence is common among Chinese nurses. The head nurse's caring and maintaining a good climate of nurses' group behaviours could serve as protective factors for preventing horizontal violence.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

This study helps nursing managers identify which specific negative behaviours occur frequently and require special attention. It suggests that nursing managers attach importance to improving their caring ability towards nurses and to creating an amicable climate of group behaviour to buffer against horizontal violence.

Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Screening among Average and High-Risk Saudis Population

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening intention is one of the most important elements influencing the longstanding effectiveness of community-based CRC screening programs. The primary purpose of this study is to generate and validate a predictive screening model that investigates the influence of Saudis’ demographics, CRC knowledge, and beliefs on intention to undergo CRC screening via fecal occult blood test (FOBT). Convenience sampling was used to recruit 600 average and high-risk participants from multiple primary health care centers in three major Saudi provinces. A valid and reliable self-administered online survey was used to collect data from March 2021 to October 2021. The final modified screening prediction model explained 57.35% of the variance in screening intention. Intention to screen was significantly influenced by seven factors in which the perceived barriers factor (β = −0.55, p < 0.001) was the strongest predictor. Those who had lower perceived barriers and greater levels of knowledge (β = 0.36, p < 0.001), health motivation (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), perceived benefits of screening (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), severity (β = 0.29, p < 0.001), and susceptibility (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) were more likely to become involved in screening practices. Health care practitioners and various media forms could benefit from the prediction model playing a significant role in raising awareness, reducing perceived barriers, and enhancing Saudi screening rates.

Evidence based practice competence of future traditional Chinese medicine nurses: A cross-sectional online study

BACKGROUND

Previous studies demonstrated the low evidence-based practice competence of nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals. University education may enhance nursing students' evidence-based practice competence. Few studies have investigated traditional Chinese Nursing Bachelor students' evidence-based practice competence.

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the evidence-based practice competence of traditional Chinese Nursing Bachelor students across all grades and their influencing factors.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional online study.

SETTINGS

A traditional Chinese medicine university offering an evidence-based nursing curriculum in Beijing, China.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 601 traditional Chinese Nursing Bachelor students were recruited, with a response rate of 70.05%. The junior and senior groups consisted of first- and second-year students, and third- and fourth-year students, respectively.

METHODS

An online survey was conducted in 2019 using a self-administered questionnaire encompassing attitude, knowledge, and skill. A t-test, non-parametric test, and correlation analysis were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Evidence-based practice attitude mean scores were the highest in both groups (3.87 ± 0.48 _junior; 3.97 ± 0.45 _senior), followed by skill (3.33 ± 0.46 _junior; 3.48 ± 0.46 _senior) and knowledge (3.21 ± 0.55 _junior; 3.52 ± 0.47 _senior). In the senior group, attitude decreased (from 4.02 to 3.86). The two groups reported the same items with the lowest scores in all three dimensions. The influencing factors were 1) scientific research experience (Z = -2.87) and a medical literature retrieval course (t = -3.40) for the junior group, 2) completion of the evidence-based nursing course (Z = -2.59) for the senior group, and 3) student admission level (Z_junior = -2.55, Z_senior = -3.85) and English language proficiency (chi-square_junior = 2.80, chi-square_senior = 16.37) for both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Deficiencies in evidence implementation and decreasing evidence-based practice attitudes among fourth-year students warrant attention. Evidence-based nursing courses could be optimised, and research and English activities enriched to improve evidence-based practice competence.

Distress management in cancer patients：Guideline implementation based on CAN-IMPLEMENT

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Evidence-based practice implementation in healthcare in China: a living scoping review

BACKGROUND

Evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation plays a crucial role in bridging the knowledge-action gaps and reducing health inequities. Little is known about its development in China. This study aims to provide an overview of the EBP implementation research progress in healthcare in China and identify gaps for future studies.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and the Cochrane Collaboration's guidance on living reviews. We performed a literature search in four Chinese databases (i.e., China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, The VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine) and three English databases (i.e., Ovid MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EMBASE), Google scholar, and Baidu scholar from 1996 to 2021. We included EBP implementation studies conducted in healthcare settings in China and were published in Chinese and English literature. The search will be run on a regular basis to monitor the development of new literature and determine when to update the review.

FINDINGS

Of the 11,276 records identified, we finally included 309 papers. The publications were on a sharp rise since 2013 and were predominantly from the nursing field (292/309, 94.50%). The commonly researched areas were symptom management (75/309, 24.27%), tube care (46/309, 14.89%), perioperative care (43/309, 13.92%), and fundamental care (43/309, 13.92%). Joanna Briggs Institute model was the most frequently used model to guide the implementation process (92/159, 59.75%). A median number of 8 people often comprised an implementation team, with 113 studies (36.57%) taking a multidisciplinary approach. 204 studies reported utilizing audit criteria to assist evaluation of evidence implementation rate with diversified methods measuring the criteria. Lack of knowledge, skills, and resources, and incomplete procedures or pathways were top barriers impeding EBP implementation. Leadership support was considered the most common facilitator. Education and training were the most frequently described implementation strategies for healthcare professionals and patients. Optimizing workflows and developing evaluation tools were the primary strategies adopted by organizations. 291 studies measured patient outcomes and 174 studies measured healthcare professional outcomes.

INTERPRETATION

To our knowledge, this scoping review is the first one to systematically examine the EBP implementation research progress in healthcare in China. Based on this review, we identified contributions that Chinese EBP implementation research made to the global community, and provided eight recommendations for Chinese researchers in conducting implementation studies in the future.

FUNDING

None.

Evidence-Based Care Can Improve Treatment Compliance and Quality of Life of Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis represents a disease characterized by acute necro-inflammatory changes in the pancreas, which is histologically characterized by destruction of alveolar cells. We aim to explore whether evidence-based care can improve treatment compliance and quality of life of patients with acute pancreatitis. The changes of hemoglobin (HGB), serum pre-albumin (PAB), and serum albumin (ALB) before and after care were observed, as well as the incidence of complications after care, total effective rate after care, disease severity (bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis, BISAP) before and after care, and psychological scores of the two groups before and after care were observed. Patients' compliance after care, self-management scores after care, and quality of life after care were compared between the two groups. After care, HGB, PAB, and ALB increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.05) and were higher in OG than CG. Compared with CG, OG had significantly lower incidence of complications (p=0.009), significantly higher total effective rate (p=0.011), significantly lower disease severity (p < 0.05), significantly better psychological condition scores (p < 0.05), significantly higher compliance scores (p < 0.05), higher self-management scores (p < 0.05), and significantly higher quality of life (p < 0.001). Evidence-based care can improve treatment compliance of patients with acute pancreatitis and can effectively improve their quality of life.

Evaluating factors that influenced the successful implementation of an evidence-based neonatal care intervention in Chinese hospitals using the PARIHS framework

Background

Evidence based interventions (EBIs) can improve patient care and outcomes. Understanding the process for successfully introducing and implementing EBIs can inform effective roll-out and scale up. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework can be used to evaluate and guide the introduction and implementation of EBIs. In this study, we used kangaroo mother care (KMC) as an example of an evidence-based neonatal intervention recently introduced in selected Chinese hospitals, to identify the factors that influenced its successful implementation. We also explored the utility of the PARIHS framework in China and investigated how important each of its constructs (evidence, context and facilitation) and sub-elements were perceived to be to successful implementation of EBIs in a Chinese setting.

Method

We conducted clinical observations and semi-structured interviews with 10 physicians and 18 nurses in five tertiary hospitals implementing KMC. Interview questions were organized around issues including knowledge and beliefs, resources, culture, implementation readiness and climate. We used directed content analysis to analyze the interview transcript, amending the PARIHS framework to incorporate emerging sub-themes. We also rated the constructs and sub-elements on a continuum from “low (weak)”, “moderate” or “high (strong)” highlighting the ones considered most influential for hospital level implementation by study participants.

Results

Using KMC as an example, our finding suggest that clinical experience, culture, leadership, evaluation, and facilitation are highly influential elements for EBI implementation in China. External evidence had a moderate impact, especially in the initial awareness raising stages of implementation and resources were also considered to be of moderate importance, although this may change as implementation progresses. Patient experience was not seen as a driver for implementation at hospital level.

Conclusion

Based on our findings examining KMC implementation as a case example, the PARIHS framework can be a useful tool for planning and evaluating EBI implementation in China. However, it’s sub-elements should be assessed and adapted to the implementation setting.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07493-6.

Construction of evidence-based practice competencies for nurses in China: A modified Delphi study

BACKGROUND

Evidence-based practice is considered as the core competency requirement for nursing practice internationally. However, there is limited information regarding the evidence-based practice competency indicators for clinical nurses in China.

OBJECTIVE

To establish a set of evidence-based practice competencies specific to nurses in China.

DESIGN

A modified Delphi study.

SETTING

The study was mainly conducted in a university-affiliated hospital in China.

PARTICIPANTS

Twenty experts with evidence-based practice knowledge or practical experience from different regions and organizations in China.

METHODS

A literature review was conducted to develop the initial list of competencies which consisted of 35 items in seven domains. A two-round Delphi survey used email to invite experts to rate the importance of each item and provide qualitative comments on their ratings. Consensus was predefined as a mean score is of 4.0 or above and at least 75% agreement among the participants.

RESULTS

In round 1, 2 items were excluded, 5 items were added, and 12 items were required to be modified. In round 2, the consensus was achieved on 34 items in seven domains.

CONCLUSION

The study established a comprehensive set of evidence-based practice competencies for nurses in China, which provides benchmark standards for the assessment and training of nurses on evidence-based practice.

Design of the EBE-ST Questionnaire among Nursing Students: Multicenter Study from Eight Universities in Spain

Background: Twenty years after the degree in nursing was introduced in Spain, the subject of evidence-based nursing is still unstructured and unestablished in most faculties. Moreover, there are hardly any rigorous studies at a national level that evaluate the current state of this competence in our faculties. Understanding the starting point is essential for the curricular design to ensure that evidence-based practice is implemented among future professionals. Aim: To design and validate an evidence-based nursing competency questionnaire for fourth-year nursing students. Methods: A specific questionnaire was developed and validated (EBE-ST). A cross-sectional survey design with psychometric validation of an instrument. Participants were 304 senior year nursing students from eight universities in Spain (2020). Results: The EBE-ST questionnaire is composed of 33 items that determine eight factors. It presents adequate reliability and validity (alpha = 0.882), measuring knowledge, attitudes and the practical application of evidence-based practice. Conclusions: We have created an instrument with good psychometric properties to measure evidence-based practice competence among senior nursing students. The heterogeneity of knowledge regarding evidence-based nursing in our country suggests that further reflection is warranted on the incorporation of this topic during undergraduate training. We have designed and validated an evidence-based nursing competency questionnaire specific to nursing students.

Effects of an evidence-based nursing intervention on neurological function and serum inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute cerebral infarction: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Acute cerebral infarction is a clinically common and critical disease which seriously endangers the life and safety of elderly patients. Evidence-based nursing is an effective way of nursing and has great significance in improving the neurological function and quality of life of patients. In China, evidence-based nursing has been highlighted and highly developed in recent decades.

OBJECTIVES

This research aimed to investigate the effect of evidence-based nursing on the recovery of neurological function and serum inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

METHODS

A total of 116 patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups: the control group patients (n = 58) received conventional nursing, while the intervention group patients (n = 58) received evidence-based nursing intervention. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and activities of daily living (ADL) scores, as well as serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were evaluated and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

NIHSS scores in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group. FMA and ADL scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group. TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the serum of the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, evidence-based nursing has a positive effect on the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction, which decreases the level of serum inflammatory cytokines and contributes to the recovery of neurological function, motor function and activities of daily living.

Meta approaches in knowledge synthesis in nursing: A bibliometric analysis

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the bibliometric patterns of meta-approaches use in nursing research literature.

METHODS

Descriptive, exploratory and historical bibliometrics analyses were used. The papers were harvested from the Web of Science Core Collection.

FINDINGS

The search resulted in 2065 publications. The trends in using most individual meta approaches show that the use of meta-analysis is increasing exponentially, the use of meta-synthesis is increasing linearly, while the use of meta-ethnography is constant in last 6 years. Most productive countries were United States of America, United Kingdom and Peoples Republic of China. Most publications were published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, International Journal of Nursing Studies, and Journal of Clinical Nursing. Twenty-seven percent of all publications were funded. Thirty-four meta approaches were identified.

DISCUSSION

The study revealed that the trend in the literature production is positive. Research community use of meta-approaches in nursing exhibit considerable growth. Regional concentration of literature production was observed.

The use of theories, frameworks, or models in knowledge translation studies in healthcare settings in China: a scoping review protocol

BACKGROUND

Knowledge translation (KT) theories, frameworks, and models (TFMs) can help guide and explain KT processes, and facilitate the evaluation of implementation outcomes. They play a critical role in conducting KT research and practice. Currently, little is known about the usage of TFMs in KT in Chinese healthcare settings. The aim of this scoping review is to identify which TFMs had been used for KT in healthcare settings in China, and how these TFMs were used.

METHODS

The protocol for this scoping review is in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework and further enhanced by the recommendations suggested by Levac et al. We will search 8 databases (4 Chinese and 4 English) to identify relevant studies. Four reviewers (2 for Chinese, 2 for English) will independently screen studies based on the eligibility criteria. The basic characteristic of studies and the TFMs utilization (i.e., what, why, and how) will be extracted. Methodological quality and reporting quality will be assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) (or Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence, SQUIRE 2.0 for quality improvement studies), respectively. All the retrieved TFMs will be categorized into Nilsen's classifications of TFMs for KT research. We will employ the qualitative content analysis approach to summarize how these TFMs have been used, and the rationale. A consultation will be conducted through a 1-h interactive virtual meeting with an expert panel of knowledge users.

DISCUSSION

By conducting this scoping review, we expect to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of why and how TFMs have been used in KT research and practice in China, and to identify gaps and provide recommendations for more efficient and meaningful use of TFMs in the future.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION

This review has been registered with the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/8NXAM).

Analysis of Pediatric Oncology Nursing Research in Mainland China, 2008-2018

BACKGROUND

Up-to-date research from low- and middle-income countries is needed to inform local pediatric cancer nursing care and share best practices from these settings. Access to all current Chinese-language publications on pediatric oncology nursing research is limited because of a language barrier.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to document the volume, type of research study, and yearly and geographical distribution of published pediatric oncology nursing research in Mainland China and evaluate their content and quality.

METHODS

A systematic search was performed for published pediatric oncology research conducted by nurses in Mainland China (2008-2018), using 3 English databases and 3 Chinese databases. Included articles were evaluated using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Research Evidence Appraisal for strength and quality of evidence.

RESULTS

A total of 133 articles were included: 106 in Chinese and 27 in English. Most studies showed level III evidence (88/133) and were rated as good quality (81/133). The most frequently researched topics were psychosocial care, clinical nursing practice, and psychometric testing, which accounted for 63.2% of all publications.

CONCLUSIONS

Progress in pediatric oncology nursing research capacity among Mainland China is promising. To gain higher-quality evidence and make existing evidence transferable for nursing practice, optimization of specific research topics is still needed.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

In Mainland China, developing interventions to address the symptoms of children with cancer and caregivers' psychosocial issues based on local nursing research should be prioritized. Some synthesized findings of this review may serve as guidance for the future of pediatric oncology nursing science in similar settings.

Evidence-Based Practice Competency and Related Factors Among Nurses Working in Public Hospitals

This study aimed to describe the status and related factors of evidence-based practice (EBP) competency among nurses in China. A convenience sample of 1036 nurses were recruited from 13 public hospitals in Shanghai through an anonymous online survey. Nurses’ demographic data, working data, and evidence-based nursing (EBN)-related conditions were collected by a structured questionnaire and EBP competency was assessed using the Chinese version of Evidence-based Nursing Competency Rating Scale (EBNCRS). The original score of EBNCRS among nurses was not good. The original score of evidence searching, critical appraisal, and synthesis subscale was lower than the original score of evidence transfer, situation assessment, and evidence implementation subscale. Nurses’ age, hospital level, and perceived EBN knowledge were identified as significant related factors of EBP competency. There is an urgent need to upgrade the EBP competency of nurses in Shanghai, especially competency in evidence transfer, situation assessment, and evidence implementation.

Comparison of nursing aids and registered nurses mixed nursing staffing model with different ratios on the nursing outcomes and cost in Neurology and Neurosurgery Center

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing aids (NAs) and registered nurses (RNs) mixed nursing staffing model with different ratios on the nursing outcomes and cost in China.

METHODS

Five thousand and ninety-one patients treated at Neurology and Neurosurgery Center were consecutively recruited in this study and divided into three groups according to the proportion of NAs and RNs: 100% RN group (N = 1756), 90% RN group (N = 1654), and 75% RN group (N = 1681). Nursing outcomes including medication error, unplanned endotracheal tube extubation, bloodstream infection, respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, pressure ulcer, ventilator weaning, morality, hospital stay, and nursing cost were recorded.

RESULTS

No difference of patients' characteristics or RNs' characteristics among three groups was observed. Three-group comparison disclosed that medication error, urinary tract infection, ventilator weaning, and nursing cost were different among three groups, while no difference of unplanned endotracheal tube extubation, bloodstream infection, respiratory tract infection, pressure ulcer, mortality, or hospital stay was found. Two-group comparison revealed that medication error and nursing cost were reduced in 75% RN group compared with 90% RN group and 100% RN group, but urinary tract infection was increased while ventilator weaning was decreased in 75% RN group and 90% RN group compared with 100% RN group. Multivariate logistic regression also validated 75% RNs independently correlated with decreased medication error, ventilator weaning, and increased urinary tract infection.

CONCLUSIONS

NAs and RNs mixed nursing staffing model with 75% RNs reduces medication error and nursing cost, while increasing urinary tract infection and decreasing ventilator weaning.

Community readiness assessment for disseminating evidence-based physical activity programs to older adults in Changsha, China: a case for Enhance®Fitness

Physical activity (PA) has declined in China due to urbanization in the past two decades. Evidence-based programs are good approaches to promote PA, but are limited in China. Adopting existing programs can be a viable option. Prior to that, readiness assessment is needed. This study aimed to assess community readiness levels for disseminating evidence-based PA programs to older adults in Changsha, China. In-person interviews were conducted with 33 participants of five districts in Changsha to assess the community readiness level in five dimensions: community knowledge of efforts, community climate, community knowledge about the issue, leadership and resources. Data was transcribed, reviewed and compared with an anchored rating scale to provide a stage of readiness score ranging from 1 (no awareness) to 9 (high level of community ownership). Participants included 14 community staff, 13 older adults, four community leaders and three health professionals. The top three barriers to disseminating PA programs were lack of appropriate locations, funding and instructors. The top three resources were availability of indoor space, chairs and loudspeakers. Community leadership was the highest-rated readiness dimension (3.3 out of 9) followed by community climate (3.2), community knowledge of efforts (3.1) and resources (2.8); knowledge about the issue scored the lowest (2.7). The overall community stage readiness score of Changsha was 3.0 out of 9. The stage of readiness for communities in Changsha, China is 'vague awareness'. Developing strategies to improve community readiness levels may increase evidence-based PA program dissemination in Changsha, China.

When east meets west: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to evidence-based practice in Hunan China

Background

Research into evidence-based practice has been extensively explored in nursing and there is strong recognition that the organizational context influences implementation. A range of barriers has been identified; however, the research has predominantly taken place in Western cultures, and there is little information about factors that influence evidence-based practice in China. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators to evidence-based practice in Hunan province, a less developed region in China.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative methodology was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff nurses, head nurses and directors (n = 13). Interviews were translated into English and verified for accuracy by two bilingual researchers. Both Chinese and English data were simultaneously analyzed for themes related to factors related to the evidence to be implemented (Innovation), nurses’ attitudes and beliefs (Potential Adopters), and the organizational setting (Practice Environment).

Results

Barriers included lack of available evidence in Chinese, nurses’ lack of understanding of what evidence-based practice means, and fear that patients will be angry about receiving care that is perceived as non-traditional. Nurses believed evidence-based practice was to be used when clinical problems arose, and not as a routine way to practice. Facilitators included leadership support and the pervasiveness of web based social network services such as Baidu (百度) for easy access to information.

Conclusion

While several parallels to previous research were found, our study adds to the knowledge base about factors related to evidence-based practice in different contextual settings. Findings are important for international comparisons to develop strategies for nurses to provide evidence-based care.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12912-018-0295-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Taking Root: a grounded theory on evidence-based nursing implementation in China

BACKGROUND

Evidence-based nursing is widely recognized as the critical foundation for quality care.

AIM

To develop a middle-range theory on the process of evidence-based nursing implementation in Chinese context.

METHODS

A grounded theory study using unstructured in-depth individual interviews was conducted with 56 participants who were involved in 24 evidence-based nursing implementation projects in Mainland China from September 2015 to September 2016.

RESULTS

A middle-range grounded theory of 'Taking Root' was developed. The theory describes the evidence implementation process consisting of four components (driving forces, process, outcome, sustainment/regression), three approaches (top-down, bottom-up and outside-in), four implementation strategies (patient-centred, nurses at the heart of change, reaching agreement, collaboration) and two patterns (transformational and adaptive implementation).

LIMITATIONS

Certain perspectives may have not been captured, as the retrospective nature of the interviewing technique did not allow for 'real-time' assessment of the actual implementation process. The transferability of the findings requires further exploration as few participants with negative experiences were recruited.

CONCLUSION

This is the first study that explored evidence-based implementation process, strategies, approaches and patterns in the Chinese nursing practice context to inform international nursing and health policymaking. The theory of Taking Root described various approaches to evidence implementation and how the implementation can be transformational for the nurses and the setting in which they work.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY

Nursing educators, managers and researchers should work together to improve nurses' readiness for evidence implementation. Healthcare systems need to optimize internal mechanisms and external collaborations to promote nursing practice in line with evidence and achieve clinical outcomes and sustainability.