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Yuen ELH, Leary AY, Clavel M, Tumtas Y, Mohseni A, Zhao J, Picchianti L, Jamshidiha M, Pandey P, Duggan C, Cota E, Dagdas Y, Bozkurt TO. A RabGAP negatively regulates plant autophagy and immune trafficking. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2049-2065.e6. [PMID: 38677281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Plants rely on autophagy and membrane trafficking to tolerate stress, combat infections, and maintain cellular homeostasis. However, the molecular interplay between autophagy and membrane trafficking is poorly understood. Using an AI-assisted approach, we identified Rab3GAP-like (Rab3GAPL) as a key membrane trafficking node that controls plant autophagy negatively. Rab3GAPL suppresses autophagy by binding to ATG8, the core autophagy adaptor, and deactivating Rab8a, a small GTPase essential for autophagosome formation and defense-related secretion. Rab3GAPL reduces autophagic flux in three model plant species, suggesting that its negative regulatory role in autophagy is conserved in land plants. Beyond autophagy regulation, Rab3GAPL modulates focal immunity against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans by preventing defense-related secretion. Altogether, our results suggest that Rab3GAPL acts as a molecular rheostat to coordinate autophagic flux and defense-related secretion by restraining Rab8a-mediated trafficking. This unprecedented interplay between a RabGAP-Rab pair and ATG8 sheds new light on the intricate membrane transport mechanisms underlying plant autophagy and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Lok Him Yuen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexandre Y Leary
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marion Clavel
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Azadeh Mohseni
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jierui Zhao
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Picchianti
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mostafa Jamshidiha
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pooja Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cian Duggan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ernesto Cota
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Zeng Y, Liang Z, Liu Z, Li B, Cui Y, Gao C, Shen J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhuang X, Erdmann PS, Wong KB, Jiang L. Recent advances in plant endomembrane research and new microscopical techniques. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:41-60. [PMID: 37507353 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of various membrane-bound organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and the lysosome/vacuole. Membrane trafficking between distinct compartments is mainly achieved by vesicular transport. As the endomembrane compartments and the machineries regulating the membrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, our current knowledge on organelle biogenesis and endomembrane trafficking in plants has mainly been shaped by corresponding studies in mammals and yeast. However, unique perspectives have emerged from plant cell biology research through the characterization of plant-specific regulators as well as the development and application of the state-of-the-art microscopical techniques. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the plant endomembrane system, with a focus on several distinct pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, protein sorting at the TGN, endosomal sorting on multivesicular bodies, vacuolar trafficking/vacuole biogenesis, and the autophagy pathway. We also give an update on advanced imaging techniques for the plant cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zizhen Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philipp S Erdmann
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, Milan, I-20157, Italy
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Duckney PJ, Wang P, Hussey PJ. Membrane contact sites and cytoskeleton-membrane interactions in autophagy. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2093-2103. [PMID: 35648104 PMCID: PMC9545284 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Eukaryotes, organelle interactions occur at specialised contact sites between organelle membranes. Contact sites are regulated by specialised tethering proteins, which bring organelle membranes into close proximity, and facilitate functional crosstalk between compartments. While contact site proteins are well characterised in mammals and yeast, the regulators of plant contact site formation are only now beginning to emerge. Having unique subcellular structures, plants must also utilise unique mechanisms of organelle interaction to regulate plant‐specific functions. The recently characterised NETWORKED proteins are the first dedicated family of plant‐specific contact site proteins. Research into the NET proteins and their interacting partners continues to uncover plant‐specific mechanisms of organelle interaction and the importance of these organelle contacts to plant life. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly apparent that organelle interactions are fundamental to autophagy in plants. Here, we will present recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of plant organelle interactions, their functions, and emerging roles in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Li B, Zeng Y, Jiang L. COPII vesicles in plant autophagy and endomembrane trafficking. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2314-2323. [PMID: 35486434 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the endomembrane system allows for spatiotemporal compartmentation of complicated cellular processes. The plant endomembrane system consists of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus (GA), the trans-Golgi network (TGN), the multivesicular body (MVB), and the vacuole. Anterograde traffic from the ER to GA is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that turns over cellular materials upon nutrient deprivation or in adverse environments, exploits double-membrane autophagosomes to recycle unwanted constituents in the lysosome/vacuole. Accumulating evidence reveals novel functions of plant COPII vesicles in autophagy and their regulation by abiotic stresses. Here, we summarize current knowledge about plant COPII vesicles in the endomembrane trafficking and then highlight recent findings showing their distinct roles in modulating the autophagic flux and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Kim JH, Lee HN, Huang X, Jung H, Otegui MS, Li F, Chung T. FYVE2, a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate effector, interacts with the COPII machinery to control autophagosome formation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:351-373. [PMID: 34718777 PMCID: PMC8846182 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular trafficking mechanism by which cytosolic macromolecules and organelles are sequestered into autophagosomes for degradation inside the vacuole. In various eukaryotes including yeast, metazoans, and plants, the precursor of the autophagosome, termed the phagophore, nucleates in the vicinity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with the participation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and the coat protein complex II (COPII). Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana FYVE2, a plant-specific PI3P-binding protein, provides a functional link between the COPII machinery and autophagy. FYVE2 interacts with the small GTPase Secretion-associated Ras-related GTPase 1 (SAR1), which is essential for the budding of COPII vesicles. FYVE2 also interacts with ATG18A, another PI3P effector on the phagophore membrane. Fluorescently tagged FYVE2 localized to autophagic membranes near the ER and was delivered to vacuoles. SAR1 fusion proteins were also targeted to the vacuole via FYVE2-dependent autophagy. Either mutations in FYVE2 or the expression of dominant-negative mutant SAR1B proteins resulted in reduced autophagic flux and the accumulation of autophagic organelles. We propose that FYVE2 regulates autophagosome biogenesis through its interaction with ATG18A and the COPII machinery, acting downstream of ATG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Nim Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Xiao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Hyera Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Faqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Taijoon Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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A unique AtSar1D-AtRabD2a nexus modulates autophagosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021293118. [PMID: 33879613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021293118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, secretory proteins traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus via coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Intriguingly, during nutrient starvation, the COPII machinery acts constructively as a membrane source for autophagosomes during autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis by recycling intermediate metabolites. In higher plants, essential roles of autophagy have been implicated in plant development and stress responses. Nonetheless, the membrane sources of autophagosomes, especially the participation of the COPII machinery in the autophagic pathway and autophagosome biogenesis, remains elusive in plants. Here, we provided evidence in support of a novel role of a specific Sar1 homolog AtSar1d in plant autophagy in concert with a unique Rab1/Ypt1 homolog AtRabD2a. First, proteomic analysis of the plant ATG (autophagy-related gene) interactome uncovered the mechanistic connections between ATG machinery and specific COPII components including AtSar1d and Sec23s, while a dominant negative mutant of AtSar1d exhibited distinct inhibition on YFP-ATG8 vacuolar degradation upon autophagic induction. Second, a transfer DNA insertion mutant of AtSar1d displayed starvation-related phenotypes. Third, AtSar1d regulated autophagosome progression through specific recognition of ATG8e by a noncanonical motif. Fourth, we demonstrated that a plant-unique Rab1/Ypt1 homolog AtRabD2a coordinates with AtSar1d to function as the molecular switch in mediating the COPII functions in the autophagy pathway. AtRabD2a appears to be essential for bridging the specific AtSar1d-positive COPII vesicles to the autophagy initiation complex and therefore contributes to autophagosome formation in plants. Taken together, we identified a plant-specific nexus of AtSar1d-AtRabD2a in regulating autophagosome biogenesis.
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7
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Rigault M, Citerne S, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Dellagi A. Salicylic acid is a key player of Arabidopsis autophagy mutant susceptibility to the necrotrophic bacterium Dickeya dadantii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3624. [PMID: 33574453 PMCID: PMC7878789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous vesicular process for protein and organelle recycling in eukaryotes. In plant, autophagy is reported to play pivotal roles in nutrient recycling, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The role of autophagy in plant immunity remains poorly understood. Several reports showed enhanced susceptibility of different Arabidopsis autophagy mutants (atg) to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Interaction of necrotrophic bacterial pathogens with autophagy is overlooked. We then investigated such interaction by inoculating the necrotrophic enterobacterium Dickeya dadantii in leaves of the atg2 and atg5 mutants and an ATG8a overexpressing line. Overexpressing ATG8a enhances plant tolerance to D. dadantii. While atg5 mutant displayed similar susceptibility to the WT, the atg2 mutant exhibited accelerated leaf senescence and enhanced susceptibility upon infection. Both phenotypes were reversed when the sid2 mutation, abolishing SA signaling, was introduced in the atg2 mutant. High levels of SA signaling in atg2 mutant resulted in repression of the jasmonic acid (JA) defense pathway known to limit D. dadantii progression in A. thaliana. We provide evidence that in atg2 mutant, the disturbed hormonal balance leading to higher SA signaling is the main factor causing increased susceptibility to the D. dadantii necrotroph by repressing the JA pathway and accelerating developmental senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Rigault
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78000, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78000, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78000, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Alia Dellagi
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, INRAE Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78000, Versailles Cedex, France.
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8
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Michailidis M, Karagiannis E, Tanou G, Samiotaki M, Tsiolas G, Sarrou E, Stamatakis G, Ganopoulos I, Martens S, Argiriou A, Molassiotis A. Novel insights into the calcium action in cherry fruit development revealed by high-throughput mapping. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:597-614. [PMID: 32909183 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work provides the first system-wide datasets concerning metabolic changes in calcium-treated fruits, which reveal that exogenously applied calcium may specifically reprogram sweet cherry development and ripening physiognomy. Calcium modulates a wide range of plant developmental processes; however, the regulation of fruit ripening by calcium remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome profiling was used to document the responses of sweet cherry fruit to external calcium application (0.5% CaCl2) at 15, 27 and 37 days after full blossom. Endogenous calcium loading in fruit across development following external calcium feeding was accompanied by a reduction in respiration rate. Calcium treatment strongly impaired water-induced fruit cracking tested by two different assays, and this effect depended on the fruit size, water temperature and light/dark conditions. Substantial changes in the levels of numerous polar/non-polar primary and secondary metabolites, including malic acid, glucose, cysteine, epicatechin and neochlorogenic acid were noticed in fruits exposed to calcium. At the onset of ripening, we identified various calcium-affected genes, including those involved in ubiquitin and cysteine signaling, that had not been associated previously with calcium function in fruit biology. Calcium specifically increased the abundance of a significant number of proteins that classified as oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases. The overview of temporal changes in gene expression and corresponding protein abundance provided by interlinked analysis revealed that oxidative phosphorylation, hypersensitive response, DNA repair, stomata closure, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and proton-pump activity were mainly affected by calcium. This report provides the fullest characterization of expression patterns in calcium-responsive genes, proteins and metabolites currently available in fruit ripening and will serve as a blueprint for future biological endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - George Tsiolas
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, 570 01, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Stamatakis
- Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefans Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, 570 01, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece.
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Orosa B, Üstün S, Calderón Villalobos LIA, Genschik P, Gibbs D, Holdsworth MJ, Isono E, Lois M, Trujillo M, Sadanandom A. Plant proteostasis - shaping the proteome: a research community aiming to understand molecular mechanisms that control protein abundance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1028-1033. [PMID: 32662105 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Orosa
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Suayib Üstün
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Luz I A Calderón Villalobos
- Molecular Signal Processing Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Daniel Gibbs
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Konstanz, Box 602, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Maria Lois
- Centre for Research in Agronomical Genomics, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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10
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Ye H, Ji C, Guo R, Jiang L. Membrane Contact Sites and Organelles Interaction in Plant Autophagy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:477. [PMID: 32391037 PMCID: PMC7193052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular trafficking and degradation system for recycling of damaged organelles, mis-folded proteins and cytoplasmic constituents. Autophagy can be divided into non-selective autophagy and selective autophagy according to the cargo specification. Key to the process is the timely formation of the autophagosome, a double-membrane structure which is responsible for the delivery of damaged organelles and proteins to lysosomes or vacuoles for their turnover. Autophagosomes are formed by the closure of cup-shaped phagophore which depends on the proper communication with membrane contributors. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major membrane source for autophagosome biogenesis whereby the ER connects with phagophore through membrane contact sites (MCSs). MCSs are closely apposed domains between organelle membranes where lipids and signals are exchanged. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a large family of proteins including Oxysterol-binding protein related proteins (ORP) which can be found at MCSs and mediate lipid transfer in mammals and yeast. In addition, interaction between autophagosomes and other organelles can also be detected in selective autophagy for selection and degradation of various damaged organelles. Selective autophagy is mediated by the binding of a receptor or an adaptor between a cargo and an autophagosome. Here we summarize what we know about the MCS between autophagosomes and other organelles in eukaryotes. We then discuss progress in our understanding about ORPs at MCSs in plants and the underlying mechanisms of selective autophagy in plants with a focus on receptors/adaptors that are involved in the interaction of the autophagosome with other cytoplasmic constituents, including the Neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1), ATG8-interacting protein 1 (ATI1), Regulatory Particle Non-ATPase 10 (RPN10), and Dominant Suppressor of KAR2 (DSK2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changyang Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongfang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Nödling AR, Santi N, Williams TL, Tsai YH, Luk LYP. Enabling protein-hosted organocatalytic transformations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16147-16161. [PMID: 33184588 PMCID: PMC7654312 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the development of organocatalytic artificial enzymes will be discussed. This area of protein engineering research has underlying importance, as it enhances the biocompatibility of organocatalysis for applications in chemical and synthetic biology research whilst expanding the catalytic repertoire of enzymes. The approaches towards the preparation of organocatalytic artificial enzymes, techniques used to improve their performance (selectivity and reactivity) as well as examples of their applications are presented. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Nödling
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Nicolò Santi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Thomas L Williams
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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Langin G, Gouguet P, Üstün S. Microbial Effector Proteins - A Journey through the Proteolytic Landscape. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:523-535. [PMID: 32544439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the evolutionary arms race between pathogens and plants, pathogens evolved effector molecules that they secrete into the host to subvert plant cellular responses in a process termed the effector-targeted pathway (ETP). During recent years the repertoire of ETPs has increased and mounting evidence indicates that the proteasome and autophagy pathways are central hubs of microbial effectors. Both degradation pathways are implicated in a broad array of cellular responses and thus constitute an attractive target for effector proteins to have a broader impact on the host. In this article we first summarize recent findings on how effectors from various pathogens modulate proteolytic pathways and then provide a network analysis of established effector targets implicated in proteolytic degradation machineries. With this network we emphasize the idea that effectors targeting proteolytic degradation pathways will affect the protein synthesis-transport and degradation triangle. We put in perspective that, in utilizing the effector diversity of microbes, we produce excellent tools to study diverse cellular pathways and their possible interplay with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Langin
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Gouguet
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Suayib Üstün
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Tübingen, Germany.
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