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Alotaibi B, Gaafar SS, Aljuailan R, Alawadhi HLA, Alsalhi H, Alharbi H, Alfaraidy RS, Smran AAA, Niazi FH. Photochemically Activated Microbubble Emulsion, Nd: Yap Laser, and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Canal Disinfectants on Push-Out Bond Strength of Sealer to Root Dentin, Smear Layer, and Antibacterial Efficacy. Microsc Res Tech 2025; 88:1654-1663. [PMID: 39876556 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2024] [Revised: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Effect of different root canal irrigation regimes microbubble emulsion (MBE) via riboflavin photosensitizer (RFP), cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs), and Nd: YAP laser on antibacterial efficiency, microhardness (MH), smear layer (SL) removal efficacy, and push-out bond strength (PBS) of AH plus sealer to canal dentin. Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected, disinfected, and categorized into four groups based on the type of disinfection. Following disinfection, a pair of samples were randomly selected and visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for SL evaluation. Three samples from each disinfection group were mounted on a Vickers MH tester for hardness testing. A brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar plate was inoculated with a single colony of Enterococcus faecalis ( E. faecalis), and their survival rate was measured following different disinfecting regimes. The remaining samples were filled with gutta-percha (GP) and sectioned to evaluate PBS via universal testing machine (UTM), followed by failure analysis. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. The survival rate of E. faecalis was lowest for Group 3 (0.11 CFU/mL) with the highest MH values (49.72 ± 1.02 N/mm2). The PBS was highest for Group 3 cervical (11.54 ± 0.49 MPa) and middle third (11.12 ± 0.50 MPa). SL removal efficacy was comparable in groups 3 and 4 at the coronal and middle third. The application of CeO2NPs as a canal irrigant in conjunction with EDTA resulted in enhanced bond values, demonstrating superior SL removal capabilities. This type of disinfection notably enhances the MH of canal dentin while demonstrating significant sterilization efficacy against E. faecalis .
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Affiliation(s)
- Badi Alotaibi
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Salah Gaafar
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Roqayah Aljuailan
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hanin Alsalhi
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alharbi
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahlam Ahmed Ali Smran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Almutairi B. Aloe-Emodin activated by Photodynamic therapy and diode laser on carious affected dentin and survival of S. mutans. An-invitro SEM assessment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2025; 53:104611. [PMID: 40288476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2025] [Revised: 04/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of different sterilizing agents i.e., Chlorhexidine (CHX), Diode laser (DL) and Aloe-emodin (AE) activated via Photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-etch (SE) adhesive to carious affected dentin (CAD) MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-four human molars in which carious lesion extends up to the middle third of the dentin ICDAS criteria- 5 were collected and disinfected using 0.5% chloramine Tsolution. To identify the CAD, visual and tactile examinations were used. Specimens were randomly assigned into four experimental cohorts based on cavity disinfection protocol (n=11) Group 1 (No disinfection), Group 2 (CHX), Group 3 (DL), and Group 4 (AE-mediated PDT). Fresh cultures of S.mutans were cultivated on CAD and their survival rate assessment was performed following the type of disinfection. SE adhesive and composite application were performed on CAD following assessment of SBS and failure mode utilizing a universal testing machine (UTM) and stereo microscope respectively. Quantification of resin tags was performed via Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM). One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were implemented to investigate the statistical variances among different experimental groups (p≤0.05) RESULTS: The lowest survival rate was presented in Group 4 (AE mediated PDT) (1.52±1.32CFU/mL) samples. Whereas, the highest survival was established in control (3.27±0.82 CFU /mL). Group 3 (DL) treated CAD presented the lowest bond strength (7.12±0.03MPa) and shortest resin tag length (53.79±2.32μ m). Whereas, the highest SBS (9.45±0.14MP) and longest resin tags (109.21 ± 1.09μ m) were exhibited by Group 4 (AE-mediated PDT) CONCLUSION: Aloe-Emodin mediated photodynamic therapy could serve as a potent approach for CAD disinfection as it exhibits exceptional antibacterial efficiency and also enhances the bond strength of the self-etch adhesive to carious affected dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Almutairi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science (RDS), Division of Operative Dentisty, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Niazi FH, AlTowayan SA, Arjumand B, Alkhuwaiter SS, Aljuailan RI, Albahoth AS, Ahmed SZ, Elsayed HM, Luddin N. The Adhesive Strength and Degree of Conversion of Remineralizing Hydroxyapatite, Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Cerium Oxide Fillers in Experimental Adhesive: A SEM and EDX Analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2025. [PMID: 40260706 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2025] [Revised: 03/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Remineralizing fillers Amorphous-calcium-phosphate nanoparticles (ACP-NPs), hydroxyapatite (HA-NPs), and cerium dioxide (CeO2-NPs) on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) and degree of conversion (DC) of the experimental adhesive (EA) to caries-affected dentin (CAD). Forty molars with carious lesions on the occlusal surface extending to the middle third of the dentin were included. The characterization of ACP-NPs, HA-NPs, and CeO2-NPs was performed using SEM and EDX. CAD samples were arbitrarily assigned to four groups based on the application of remineralizing fillers infused into EA. Group 1, Unmodified EA; Group 2, 5% ACP-NPs in EA; Group 3, 5% HA-NPs in EA; and Group 4, 5% CeO2-NPs in EA. The composite buildup on the CAD surface was followed by artificial aging. μTBS measurements were evaluated using UTM. The DC of the modified EA was assessed using FTIR spectroscopy. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze μTBS and DC. CeO2-NPs + EA displayed the highest bond integrity scores. The unmodified EA samples exhibited the lowest μTBS values. ACP-NPs + EA and the unmodified adhesive demonstrated comparable bond strength (p > 0.05). DC of samples in Group 2: ACP-NPs + EA (66.11 ± 6.33) was comparable to Group 1 HA-NPs (73.51 ± 4.37) (p > 0.05). The highest DC was observed in Group 1 (Unmodified EA). CeO2-NPs have the potential to improve bond strength scores when used as a remineralizing filler in EA adhesives. However, the incorporation of NPs at 5% in adhesive reduced the DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bilal Arjumand
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Suliman Alkhuwaiter
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roqayah Ibrahim Aljuailan
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Sulaiman Albahoth
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend Mohamed Elsayed
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Uslu Tekce A, Arnabat-Dominguez J, Gurgan S. Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Disinfection on the Bond Strength of Bioactive-Restorative Materials to Caries-Affected Dentin. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2025; 43:133-147. [PMID: 40009453 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2024.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different Er,Cr:YSGG laser disinfection protocols on the bonding performance of bioactive restorative materials to caries-affected dentin (CAD). Background: With the adoption of minimally invasive caries removal techniques, bonding to CAD has become increasingly important. Adhesion challenges caused by CAD can be overcome through the application of effective disinfection methods and the selection of compatible bioactive restorative materials. Methods: A total of 120 human third molars (240 specimens) were prepared, with dentin surfaces exposed under water cooling. After pH-cycling to simulate CAD, specimens were assigned to four disinfection groups: no disinfection (C), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 0.5 W (L1), and 1 W (L2). Four restorative materials (n = 12 per group)-G-ænial Achord (a resin composite used as the control group), Equia Forte HT, Beautifil-II Restorative, and Cention Forte-were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. Shear bond strength (SBS) testing was conducted on 192 specimens, while energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyzed F, P, and Ca on 48 specimens, and scanning electron microscopy images were obtained from representative specimens. Results: CHX disinfection significantly improved SBS compared to the control group. Among restorative materials, G-ænial Achord showed the highest SBS, while Equia Forte HT demonstrated the lowest (p < 0.05). L1 disinfection combined with G-ænial Achord achieved the highest bond strength, whereas its combination with Equia Forte HT resulted in the lowest (p < 0.05). EDS revealed increased fluoride content on CAD surfaces treated with CHX. Conclusion: Er,Cr:YSGG laser disinfection at 0.5W improved bonding performance for resin composites. Selecting a disinfection protocol based on the restorative material is crucial for optimizing adhesion to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybuke Uslu Tekce
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Josep Arnabat-Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Professor Agregat Department of Odontostomatology, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Alanazi AM, Khan NA, Khan AA, Bhutto K, Askary SH, Askary G, Abrar E, Mahmood SJ, Qureshi A. Titanium oxide and chitosan nanoparticles loaded in methylene blue activated by photodynamic therapy on caries affected dentin disinfection, bond strength, and smear layer removal efficacy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 50:104343. [PMID: 39341329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Effect of nanoparticles (NPs) loaded methylene blue (MB) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on caries-affected dentin (CAD) against S.mutans, smear layer (SL) elimination, and shear bond strength (SBS) of single bottle 7th generation adhesive. METHODOLOGY Sixty human molars with carious lesions were selected. Samples were randomly allocated into four groups, based on the disinfection regime (n = 11) Group 1-(CHX), Group 2-(MB-PDT), Group 3-(MB-CNPs-PDT), and Group 4-(MB-TiO2NPs-PDT). Following disinfection S.mutans' survival rate was assessed using the pour plate method. Five specimens from each disinfection group were subjected to SL removal assessment using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Bonding of 7th generation adhesive and composite restoration was performed on ten samples from each group. Artificial aging of the bonded samples was performed followed by SBS and failure mode analysis using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Group 3 (MB-CNPs-PDT) treated CAD surface unveiled the lowest survival rate (0.12 ± 0.02 CFU/mL) of tested bacteria, maximum SL removal (1.21 ± 0.35), and highest bond strength (13.42 ± 1.05). However, Group 1 (CHX) treated specimens displayed the highest survival rate (0.53 ± 0.11 CFU/mL) with the lowest SL removal (2.24 ± 0.30) and SBS (8.88 ± 0.73 MPa). CONCLUSION MB-CNPs-PDT appears to be a suitable alternative to CHX for CAD disinfection as it displayed better antibacterial efficacy, SL removal, and SBS with 7th generation single bottle adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabeel Ahmad Khan
- Masters in Multidisciplinary Biomedical University of Alabama Birmingham, UK.
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kinza Bhutto
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Hussain Askary
- Head of Department, Community Dentistry, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Gulrukh Askary
- Head of Department, Oral Pathology, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Pakistan.
| | - Eisha Abrar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Junaid Mahmood
- PCSIR (ACRC Polymer Section), Laboratories Complex Karachi, 75280, Pakistan.
| | - Ambrina Qureshi
- Chairperson of Community Dentistry, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan.
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Niazi FH, Luddin N, Alghawazi AM, Al Sebai L, Alqerban A, Alqahtani YM, Barakat A, Samran A, Noushad M. Aluminum zirconate nanoparticles in etch and rinse adhesive to caries affected dentine: An in-vitro scanning electron microscopy, elemental distribution, antibacterial, degree of conversion and micro-tensile bond strength assessment. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1955-1964. [PMID: 38581370 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
To incorporate different concentrations of Al2O9Zr3 (1%, 5%, and 10%) nanoparticles (NP) into the ER adhesive and subsequently assess the impact of this addition on the degree of conversion, μTBS, and antimicrobial efficacy. The current research involved a wide-ranging examination that merged various investigative techniques, including the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface characterization of NP coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, μTBS testing, and microbial analysis. Teeth were divided into four groups based on the application of modified and unmodified three-step ER adhesive primer. Group 1 (0% Al2O9Zr3 NPs) Control, Group 2 (1% Al2O9Zr3 NPs), Group 3 (5% Al2O9Zr3 NPs), and Group 4 (10% Al2O9Zr3 NPs). EDX analysis of Al2O9Zr3 NPs was performed showing elemental distribution in synthesized NPs. Zirconium (Zr), Aluminum (Al), and Oxides (O2). After primer application, an assessment of the survival rate of Streptococcus mutans was completed. The FTIR spectra were analyzed to observe the characteristic peaks indicating the conversion of double bonds, both before and after the curing process, for the adhesive Etch and rinse containing 1,5,10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs. μTBS and failure mode assessment were performed using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope respectively. The μTBS and S.mutans survival rates comparison among different groups was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc (p = .05). Group 4 (10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) specimens exhibited the minimum survival of S.mutans (0.11 ± 0.02 CFU/mL). Nonetheless, Group 1 (0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) displayed the maximum surviving S.mutans (0.52 ± 0.08 CFU/mL). Moreover, Group 2 (1 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) (21.22 ± 0.73 MPa) samples displayed highest μTBS. However, the bond strength was weakest in Group 1 (0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) (14.13 ± 0.32 MPa) study samples. The etch-and-rinse adhesive exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity and micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) when 1% Al2O9Zr3 NPs was incorporated, as opposed to the control group. Nevertheless, the incorporation of Al2O9Zr3 NPs led to a decrease in DC. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: 10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive specimens exhibited the minimum survival of S.mutans. 1 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive samples displayed the most strong composite/CAD bond. The highest DC was observed in Group 1: 0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Leen Al Sebai
- College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alqerban
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Barakat
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bin Abbooud AlQhtani FA, Abdullah Kamran M, Sainudeen S, Albalawi M, Hani Murad M, Kamal Abdelrahim R, Gaafar SS, Ayman Alkhateeb F, Niazi FH. Modified Hybrid Hydroxyapatite-Silver Nanoparticles Activated via a Blue Light Source in Various Concentrations in Two-Step Self-Etch Adhesive to Caries-Affected Primary Dentin. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:550-560. [PMID: 39178410 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2024.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate hydroxyapatite-silver (HA-Ag) hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), as an antibacterial agent when integrated in self-etch (SE) adhesive. Blue light activated HA-Ag hybrid NP incorporation on mechanical properties, degree of conversion (DC), and microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Method: Eighty primary molar teeth have carious lesions reaching the dentin but not involving the pulp. The infected dentin was removed and carious-affected dentin (CAD) was preserved. Forty samples were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. All primary teeth (n = 80) were allocated into four groups based on the incorporation of HA-Ag hybrid NPs in different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%). Group 1: 0% HA-Ag hybrid NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, group 2: 1% HA-Ag hybrid NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, group 3: 5 wt% HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, and group 4: 10 wt% HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer. The survival rate assessment of S. mutans was conducted on 40 inoculated samples. On the remaining primary teeth (n = 40), Clearfil SE bonding agent was applied uniformly via a blue light source. The composite buildup was performed on the samples and μTBS and failure analysis assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to assess DC. Survival rates of S. mutans and μTBS among the tested groups were compared using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis. Results: 10 wt % HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer exhibited the highest level of antibacterial efficacy (0.14 ± 0.02 CFU/mL) against S. mutans. The highest μTBS (18.38 ± 0.78 MPa) at the composite/CAD interface was in group 2 (1 wt % HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer + Clearfil SE bonding agent + activation with a blue light source). The highest DC was observed in the control group with Clearfil SE bond primer + Clearfil SE bonding agent + activation with a blue light source. Conclusion: 1 wt% HA-Ag hybrid NPs showed enhanced antibacterial effectiveness, DC, and bond strength of the SE adhesive to the primary CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali Bin Abbooud AlQhtani
- Consultant in Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shan Sainudeen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Albalawi
- College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rawa Kamal Abdelrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Salah Gaafar
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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ElMourad AM, Al-Shamrani AS. Phycocyanin-loaded silver nanoparticles activated with photodynamic therapy and Nd: YAG laser for caries-affected dentin disinfection: Impact on Streptococcus mutans survival rate and shear bond strength to the tooth-colored restorative material. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104108. [PMID: 38697450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the impact of various cavity disinfectants PC-PDT (Phycocyanin activated by Photodynamic therapy), PC@AgNPs-PDT (Phycocyanin and silver nanoparticles activated by PDT), and Nd: YAG laser on the survival rate of S.mutans and the bond integrity of composite restoration METHODS: Sixty human mandibular molars that scored 4 and 5 based on ICDAS criteria were included. The infected dentin was removed while the CAD was preserved based on visual, tactile, and staining assessment. S.mutans were cultured on the CAD of twenty samples. All the specimens were indiscriminately distributed into four groups based on cavity disinfection (n=20 each includes n = 5 each group incubated with S.mutans) Group 1: CHX, Group 2: Nd:YAG laser, Group 3: PC-PDT and Group 4: PC@AgNPs-PDT. S.mutans survival rate was assessed for each group(n = 5). Forty samples underwent composite bonding for SBS and failure mode assessment using universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope. The calculations for the mean and standard deviation (SD) and their comparison among different groups were performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05) RESULTS: CAD surface treated disinfected with PC@AgNPs-PDT yielded the lowest survival rates (0.13 ± 0.05 CFU/ml) and highest SBS (17.23 ± 1.45 MPa). Group 1 (CHX) unveiled the highest survival rate of S.mutans (0.33 ± 0.12 CFU/ml). However, Group 2 (Nd:YAG Laser) (11.87 ± 0.67 MPa) presented the lowest SBS CONCLUSION: The combination of Phycocyanin loaded with silver nanoparticles and activated with Photodynamic therapy demonstrates the highest antimicrobial potential and bond strength of composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah Mourad ElMourad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahoud S Al-Shamrani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alasqah MN. Efficacy of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on clinical and radiographic outcomes among patients with periodontal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104000. [PMID: 38316339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the influence of methylene blue (MB)-mediated adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) when compared to conventional mechanical debridement (MD) alone on periodontal clinical and radiographic outcomes among periodontitis patients. METHODS Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were incorporated by conducting an electronic search in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for articles published in English up to August 2023 to address the following focused question based on the PICO format: "Whether the application of MB-mediated aPDT as an adjunctive to MD (Intervention) leads to improved periodontal clinical and/or radiographic outcomes (Outcome) among participants with and without periodontal diseases (Population) as compared to MD alone (Conparison)". The risk of bias (RoB) of the included studies was assessed using the modified Jadad scale. A meta-analysis was conducted, and it included the presentation of the standard mean difference (SMD) along with a 95 % confidence interval (CI). RESULTS In total, 11 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated statistically significant improvements in periodontal plaque index (SMD: -0.72 % [95 % CI: -0.99 % to -0.45 %]; p<0.00001), probing depth (SMD: -0.38 % [95 % CI: -0.57 % to -0.19 %; p<0.00001), and bleeding on probing (SMD: -0.44 % [95 % CI: -0.68 % to -0.20 %]; p = 0.0003) scores at the final follow-up visit after the application of MB-mediated aPDT in comparison with MD alone. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference was observed in periodontal clinical attachment level values (SMD: -0.01 % [95 % CI: -0.21 % to 0.19 %]; p = 0.95) between the control group and the experimental group. Six studies achieved a low RoB, five were rated as having medium RoB, while no study received a high RoB. CONCLUSION MB-mediated aPDT, when used as an adjunct to conventional MD contributes to the improvement of periodontal clinical outcomes including PI, PD, and BOP in patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N Alasqah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences. College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ozdemir ZM, Surmelioglu DG. Comparative evaluation of effect of chlorhexidine application on dentin bond strength with two different adhesives after ER, CR: YSGG phototherapy: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:224. [PMID: 37773548 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of phototherapy with an Er, Cr:YSGG laser on the bond strength of dentin using two different adhesive systems after chlorhexidine (CHX) application. Twenty-four non-carious human molar teeth were separated into three main groups: negative control Group A (Group A), CHX and phototherapy with an Er, Cr:YSGG laser (Group PC), and CHX with conventional diamond bur (no phototherapy) (Group C). These groups were divided into two subgroups based on adhesives: Clearfil Universal Quick Bond and Clearfil SE Bond. To evaluate the microtensile bond strength, the occlusal enamel surfaces of the teeth were removed with a low-speed, water-cooled diamond bur to expose hard dentin tissue. The teeth within Group PC were treated with Er, Cr:YSGG phototherapy. The surfaces were then disinfected with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Subgroups were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions using the adhesive systems mentioned above. Following adhesive application, the teeth were restored with composite resin. A microtensile bond strength test was performed on the test sticks obtained from the teeth using a universal test device. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) at a significance level of p < 0.05. Among all groups, the highest bond strength was achieved with Clearfil SE Bond with CHX + phototherapy (45.6 ± 4.2), while the lowest was achieved with Clearfil Universal Quick Bond without phototherapy (control group) (27.0 ± 6.7) (p < 0.05). Phototherapy with Er, Cr: YSGG following chlorhexidine application enhanced the bond strength of both the bond systems (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Merve Ozdemir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Onikisubat, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Derya Gursel Surmelioglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, University Boulevard, Sehitkamil, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
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Memon J, Shabbir T, Ishrat M, Aslam H, Khowaja AA, Leemani MJ. Caries affected disinfection using Phycocyanin activated by PDT, Holy Basil, and Ti-sapphire laser on adhesive bond strength, microleakage, and bond failure. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103691. [PMID: 37429459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of different cavity disinfectants, Phycocyanin (PC), Ocimum Sanctum (OS), and Ti Sapphire Laser, on the bond integrity and microleakage of resin restorations. MATERIAL AND METHOD 60 human mandibular molars were extracted and prepared based on ICDAS scores of 4 and 5. To obtain the CAD surface, a visual examination was supported by tactile sensation and a dye for caries detection. Samples were randomly allocated into 4 groups based on cavity disinfectants applied (n = 15). Group 1: Specimens disinfected with CHX, Group 2: Specimens disinfected with Ti sapphire laser, Group 3: Specimens disinfected with Phycocyanin activated by Photodynamic therapy, and Group 4: Specimens disinfected with OS. Following the disinfection of the CAD surfaces, composite bulk-fill restorative material was bonded to each specimen and all samples were subjected to thermocycling. Ten samples from each group underwent SBS testing performed on a universal testing machine. Five samples were subjected to a microleakage analysis. RESULT The maximum microleakage scores were displayed by Group 3: PC (0.521 nm) treated specimens. Whereas, and minimum microleakage was exhibited by Group 4: OS (0.471 nm). Group 4: OS (23.06±0.21 MPa) treated group displayed the maximum bond scores of resin adhesive to the CAD surface. However, Group 3: PC (21.67±0.24 MPa) treated specimens exhibited the lowest bond scores. Failure mode analysis revealed that among all the investigated groups the predominant type of failure was cohesive failure i.e., Group 1 (80%), Group 2 (80%), Group 3 (70%), and Group 4 (90%). CONCLUSION Ocimum Sanctum, Phycocyanin activated by Photodynamic therapy, and Ti-sapphire laser for disinfection of caries-affected dentin have shown promise in terms of improved bond strength and reduced microleakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazib Memon
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics LUMHS, FCPS Qualified Specialist, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
| | - Tooba Shabbir
- Department Of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ishrat
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Manisha Jagdesh Leemani
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
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12
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Qamar Z, Abdul NS, Reddy RN, Shenoy M, Alghufaili S, Alqublan Y, Barakat A. Micro Tensile bond strength and microleakage assessment of total-etch and self-etch adhesive bonded to carious affected dentin disinfected with Chlorhexidine, Curcumin, and Malachite green. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103636. [PMID: 37245682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Assessment of micro tensile bond strength (microTBS) and micro-leakage scores of total-etch adhesive (TAE) and self-etch adhesive (SAE) bonded to carious affected dentin (CAD) sterilized using different cavity disinfectant (curcumin photosensitizer (CP) and malachite green (MG) and Chlorhexidine (CHX) in comparison to no disinfection (ND) control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty human molars having International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores of 4 and 5 were included. Visual inspection, dental explorer hardness testing, and caries detector solution using 5% basic Fuchsin dye solution was applied to dentin to identify the CAD surface. All the specimens were divided into four groups (n = 30) according to the cavity disinfectants used. Group A: 2% CHX, Group B: CP, Group C: MG, and Group D: ND. Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15) based on the adhesion protocol. Groups A1, B1, C1, and D1 were held using TEA, and groups A2, B2, C2, and D2 were adhered using SEA system. The composite material was then built in 2 mm increments and then cured with light. MicroTBS and failure mode assessment using a universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope at a 40X magnification was performed on 10 samples from each subgroup. The microleakage assessment was performed using a dye penetration test on five samples from each group. ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to compare means and standard deviation (SD) of bond strength and microleakage (p < 0.05). RESULTS The maximum microTBS was displayed by A1= CHX and TEA (13.28± 1.01 MPa). The lowest bond scores were demonstrated by C2= MG and SEA (5.98±0.44 MPa). The highest micro-leakage was exhibited by C1= MG and TEA (58.32 ± 2.11 nm). Whereas, the lowest micro-leakage values were displayed by A2= CHX and SEA (24.34± 1.11 nm). CONCLUSION Chlorohexidiene displayed better bond strength and the lowest microleakage scores with Total-etch adhesive and Self-etch adhesives when used as a cavity disinfectant. Total-etch adhesives performed better in terms of microTBS scores whereas self-etch adhesives displayed superior seal ability within the same disinfectant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Naveen Reddy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Shenoy
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alghufaili
- Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alqublan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Barakat
- Dept of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani WMS, Qamar Z, Yousief SA, Abdul NS, Reddy RN, Alghufaili S, Khuthija Khanam HM, Barakat A, Niazi FH. Use of final irrigants MTAD, Salvedora Perscia, Malachite green, and Ti-sapphire laser on push-out bond strength of Zirconia post. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103605. [PMID: 37187269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Evaluation of the push-out bond strength (PBS) of zirconia post-bonded to radicular dentin after using different final irrigants (MTAD, Malachite green (MG), Ti-sapphire laser and Salvadora persica (S.persica). MATERIAL AND METHOD Forty human permanent single-rooted were decoronated above the cement-enamel junction. An experienced endodontist performed all the root canal instrumentation using ProTaper universal rotary files. Canals were irrigated using 5.25% NaOCl solution followed by EDTA as a final sterilant. Obturation with gutta-percha using AH Plus sealer was performed. Post-space preparation was completed using Gates Glidden and specimens were randomly assigned to four groups based on the final disinfectant received (n=10). Group 1: 5.25% NaOCl + MTAD, group 2: 5.25% NaOCl + MG, group 3: 5.25% NaOCl +Ti-sapphire laser, and group 4: 5.25% NaOCl + S. persica. The chemically polymerized resin was used to lute zirconia posts. PBS and failure mode analysis were performed using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope at 40X magnification. Data were compared between the two groups with 95% CI using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey post hoc test. p=0.05. RESULTS Group4(5.25% NaOCl+ S.persica) specimens demonstrated the maximum (8.94±0.14 MPa) bond strength. Conversely, the apical third of Group 2 (5.25% NaOCl+ MG) (2.87±0.15 MPa) samples revealed the minimum bond strength scores. Intergroup comparison exposed that Group 1 (1.3% NaOCl+ MTAD), Group 3 (5.25% NaOCl+Ti-sapphire laser), and Group 4 (5.25% NaOCl+ S. persica) at all three-thirds unveiled no significant difference in PBS (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Ti-sapphire laser and Salvedora Persica possess the potential to be used as a final root canal irrigant to improve the push-out bond strength of zirconia post-to-root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M S Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salah A Yousief
- Crown and Bridge Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, 71524, Egypt; Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al UloomUniversity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Naveen Reddy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alghufaili
- Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H M Khuthija Khanam
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al UloomUniversity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Barakat
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al UloomUniversity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al UloomUniversity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alaqeel SM, Moussa IM, Altinawi A, Awaiyer MS, Hashem M. The adhesive strength of fiber post-to-canal dentin with Aniline green, Fotoenticine activated by PDT, green tea, and ozone as a final irrigant. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103670. [PMID: 37356697 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effect of novel final disinfection protocols Malachite green (MG), Fotoenticine® (FTC), Green tea extract (GTE), and Ozonated water (OW) on the bond strength of prefabricated glass fiber posts (PGFP) adhered to canal dentin. MATERIAL AND METHOD The canals of fifty premolars with closed apices were cleansed and obturated. The specimens were randomly assigned to one of five groups based on the final irrigant used, with the control group receiving NaOCl+EDTA and the experimental groups receiving MG, FTC, OW, and GTE. The GFP was cemented with a self-etching, dual-cure paste; the bond strength was estimated with a universal testing machine; and failure analysis was conducted with a stereomicroscope. RESULTS The highest PBS was observed in the coronal third of Group 4 (using ozonated water as the final irrigant), whereas the lowest bond integrity was observed in the apical section of Group 2 (1.02-0.54 MPa) using Malachite green as the final irrigant. Group 1, Group 4, and Group 5 exhibited no significant difference in the bond integrity of GFP to dentin when compared to Group 2 (p>0.05). In addition, comparable bond score values were obtained for Groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that OW and GTE may be effective final disinfectants for root canals, as they increase the bond strength of resin-luting cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer M Alaqeel
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M Moussa
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Altinawi
- Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences. King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Saeed Awaiyer
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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