1
|
Rozov SM, Zagorskaya AA, Konstantinov YM, Deineko EV. Three Parts of the Plant Genome: On the Way to Success in the Production of Recombinant Proteins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:38. [PMID: 36616166 PMCID: PMC9824153 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are the most important product of current industrial biotechnology. They are indispensable in medicine (for diagnostics and treatment), food and chemical industries, and research. Plant cells combine advantages of the eukaryotic protein production system with simplicity and efficacy of the bacterial one. The use of plants for the production of recombinant proteins is an economically important and promising area that has emerged as an alternative to traditional approaches. This review discusses advantages of plant systems for the expression of recombinant proteins using nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes. Possibilities, problems, and prospects of modifications of the three parts of the genome in light of obtaining producer plants are examined. Examples of successful use of the nuclear expression platform for production of various biopharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, and technologically important proteins are described, as are examples of a high yield of recombinant proteins upon modification of the chloroplast genome. Potential utility of plant mitochondria as an expression system for the production of recombinant proteins and its advantages over the nucleus and chloroplasts are substantiated. Although these opportunities have not yet been exploited, potential utility of plant mitochondria as an expression system for the production of recombinant proteins and its advantages over the nucleus and chloroplasts are substantiated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Rozov
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alla A. Zagorskaya
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri M. Konstantinov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lermontova Str. 132, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Elena V. Deineko
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Current Strategies to Improve Yield of Recombinant Protein Production in Rice Suspension Cells. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A plant cell-based recombinant glucocerebrosidase was approved by the FDA in 2012 for the treatment of human inherited Gaucher disease, indicating that plant suspension cells have advantages in biosafety and a low production cost as a commercial pharmaceutical recombinant protein expression system. A low allergenic rice suspension cell-based recombinant protein expression system controlled by the αAmy3/RAmy3D promoter has been shown to result in relatively high protein yields in plant cell-based systems. Although several recombinant proteins have been produced in rice suspension cell-based systems, yields must be improved to compete with the current commercial protein expression systems. Different strategies were performed and showed successful improvements in recombinant protein yields in this rice system. The review updates and highlights strategies for potential improvements of the αAmy3-based rice suspension cell-based system.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghag SB, Adki VS, Ganapathi TR, Bapat VA. Plant Platforms for Efficient Heterologous Protein Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:546-567. [PMID: 34393545 PMCID: PMC8346785 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of recombinant proteins is primarily established in cultures of mammalian, insect and bacterial cells. Concurrently, concept of using plants to produce high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies, and dietary proteins have received worldwide attention. Newer technologies for plant transformation such as plastid engineering, agroinfiltration, magnifection, and deconstructed viral vectors have been used to enhance the protein production in plants along with the inherent advantage of speed, scale, and cost of production in plant systems. Production of therapeutic proteins in plants has now a more pragmatic approach when several plant-produced vaccines and antibodies successfully completed Phase I clinical trials in humans and were further scheduled for regulatory approvals to manufacture clinical grade products on a large scale which are safe, efficacious, and meet the quality standards. The main thrust of this review is to summarize the data accumulated over the last two decades and recent development and achievements of the plant derived therapeutics. It also attempts to discuss different strategies employed to increase the production so as to make plants more competitive with the established production systems in this industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhesh B. Ghag
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai campus, Kalina, Santacruz, Mumbai, 400098 India
| | - Vinayak S. Adki
- V. G. Shivdare College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Solapur, Maharashtra 413004 India
| | - Thumballi R. Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Vishwas A. Bapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammadzadeh S, Ofoghi H, Ebrahimi-Rad M, Ehsani P. Construction of bicistronic cassette for co-expressing hepatitis B surface antigen and mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor as adjuvant in tobacco plant. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:669-675. [PMID: 31549887 PMCID: PMC8871599 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1662458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: The co-delivery of adjuvant and antigen has shown to be more effective for targeting the immune response than antigen alone. Therefore, designing an efficient bicistronic system is more assuring for production of both elements in the same tobacco cells as a plant model system. Objective: Comparing the efficient transient co-expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and mouse granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) in tobacco leaves by designing either mono or bicistronic cassettes. Materials and methods: Four expression cassettes containing tobacco etch virus (TEV) leader sequence were constructed with and without above genes in different orders. The cassettes were transferred into tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae), leaves by agroinfiltration technique. The expression levels were compared using ELISA and western blotting and bioactivity of cytokine was assessed by in vitro proliferation of mouse GM-CSF-responsive progenitor cells. Results: Agroinfiltrated leaves contained recombinant HBsAg protein at 20-50 ng/mg and mGM-CSF at 0.2-4 ng/mg in both nonglycosylated and glycosylated forms. The highest expression obtained in HBsAg and mGM-CSF monocistronic co-agroinfiltrated leaves. The expression of mGM-CSF was 1.1 and 0.2 ng/mg in two different orders of bicistronic cassettes. The growth frequency of GM progenitors was approximately 1/187 cells for standard rGM-CSF and 3.2 times less activity for the plant produced. Discussion and conclusions: The recombinant mGM-CSF was produced less in bicistronic cassette than other forms; however, co-presenting of both vaccine candidate and adjuvant is confirmed and could be promising for amelioration of plant expression system as a means for vaccine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohammadzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoernstein SNW, Fode B, Wiedemann G, Lang D, Niederkrüger H, Berg B, Schaaf A, Frischmuth T, Schlosser A, Decker EL, Reski R. Host Cell Proteome of Physcomitrella patens Harbors Proteases and Protease Inhibitors under Bioproduction Conditions. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3749-3760. [PMID: 30226384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Host cell proteins are inevitable contaminants of biopharmaceuticals. Here, we performed detailed analyses of the host cell proteome of moss ( Physcomitrella patens) bioreactor supernatants using mass spectrometry and subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Distinguishing between the apparent secretome and intracellular contaminants, a complex extracellular proteolytic network including subtilisin-like proteases, metallo-proteases, and aspartic proteases was identified. Knockout of a subtilisin-like protease affected the overall extracellular proteolytic activity. Besides proteases, also secreted protease-inhibiting proteins such as serpins were identified. Further, we confirmed predicted cleavage sites of 40 endogenous signal peptides employing an N-terminomics approach. The present data provide novel aspects to optimize both product stability of recombinant biopharmaceuticals as well as their maturation along the secretory pathway. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009517.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian N W Hoernstein
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University of Freiburg , Schaenzlestrasse 1 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Benjamin Fode
- Greenovation Biotech GmbH , Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 , D-79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Gertrud Wiedemann
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University of Freiburg , Schaenzlestrasse 1 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Lang
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University of Freiburg , Schaenzlestrasse 1 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Plant Genome and System Biology , Helmholtz Center Munich , D-85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Holger Niederkrüger
- Greenovation Biotech GmbH , Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 , D-79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Birgit Berg
- Greenovation Biotech GmbH , Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 , D-79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Schaaf
- Greenovation Biotech GmbH , Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 , D-79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Thomas Frischmuth
- Greenovation Biotech GmbH , Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 , D-79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine , University of Wuerzburg , D-97080 Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Eva L Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University of Freiburg , Schaenzlestrasse 1 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology , University of Freiburg , Schaenzlestrasse 1 , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany.,BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies , University of Freiburg , D-79104 Freiburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grosse‐Holz F, Madeira L, Zahid MA, Songer M, Kourelis J, Fesenko M, Ninck S, Kaschani F, Kaiser M, van der Hoorn RA. Three unrelated protease inhibitors enhance accumulation of pharmaceutical recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1797-1810. [PMID: 29509983 PMCID: PMC6131417 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana is a flexible and scalable platform for recombinant protein (RP) production, but its great potential is hampered by plant proteases that degrade RPs. Here, we tested 29 candidate protease inhibitors (PIs) in agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana leaves for enhancing accumulation of three unrelated RPs: glycoenzyme α-Galactosidase; glycohormone erythropoietin (EPO); and IgG antibody VRC01. Of the previously described PIs enhancing RP accumulation, we found only cystatin SlCYS8 to be effective. We identified three additional new, unrelated PIs that enhance RP accumulation: N. benthamiana NbPR4, NbPot1 and human HsTIMP, which have been reported to inhibit cysteine, serine and metalloproteases, respectively. Remarkably, accumulation of all three RPs is enhanced by each PI similarly, suggesting that the mechanism of degradation of unrelated RPs follows a common pathway. Inhibitory functions HsTIMP and SlCYS8 are required to enhance RP accumulation, suggesting that their target proteases may degrade RPs. Different PIs additively enhance RP accumulation, but the effect of each PI is dose-dependent. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) revealed that the activities of papain-like Cys proteases (PLCPs), Ser hydrolases (SHs) or vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) in leaves are unaffected upon expression of the new PIs, whereas SlCYS8 expression specifically suppresses PLCP activity only. Quantitative proteomics indicates that the three new PIs affect agroinfiltrated tissues similarly and that they all increase immune responses. NbPR4, NbPot1 and HsTIMP can be used to study plant proteases and improve RP accumulation in molecular farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Madeira
- Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Muhammad Awais Zahid
- Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Molly Songer
- Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jiorgos Kourelis
- Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mary Fesenko
- Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sabrina Ninck
- Chemische BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieFakultät für BiologieUniversität Duisburg‐EssenUniversitätsstrEssenGermany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Chemische BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieFakultät für BiologieUniversität Duisburg‐EssenUniversitätsstrEssenGermany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemische BiologieZentrum für Medizinische BiotechnologieFakultät für BiologieUniversität Duisburg‐EssenUniversitätsstrEssenGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takaiwa F, Wakasa Y, Hayashi S, Kawakatsu T. An overview on the strategies to exploit rice endosperm as production platform for biopharmaceuticals. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:201-209. [PMID: 28818376 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cereal seed has been utilized as production platform for high-value biopharmaceutical proteins. Especially, protein bodies (PBs) in seeds are not only natural specialized storage organs of seed storage proteins (SSPs), but also suitable intracellular deposition compartment for recombinant proteins. When various recombinant proteins were produced as secretory proteins by attaching N terminal ER signal peptide and C terminal KDEL endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal or as fusion proteins with SSPs, high amounts of recombinant proteins can be predominantly accumulated in the PBs. Recombinant proteins bioencapsulated in PBs exhibit high resistance to digestive enzymes in gastrointestinal tract than other intracellular compartments and are highly stable at ambient temperature, thus allowing oral administration of PBs containing recombinant proteins as oral drugs or functional nutrients in cost-effective minimum processed formulation. In this review, we would like to address key factors determining accumulation levels of recombinant proteins in PBs. Understanding of bottle neck parts and improvement of specific deposition to PBs result in much higher levels of production of high quality recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shimpei Hayashi
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Taiji Kawakatsu
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grosse-Holz FM, van der Hoorn RAL. Juggling jobs: roles and mechanisms of multifunctional protease inhibitors in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:794-807. [PMID: 26800491 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional protease inhibitors juggle jobs by targeting different enzymes and thereby often controlling more than one biological process. Here, we discuss the biological functions, mechanisms and evolution of three types of multifunctional protease inhibitors in plants. The first type is double-headed inhibitors, which feature two inhibitory sites targeting proteases with different specificities (e.g. Bowman-Birk inhibitors) or even different hydrolases (e.g. α-amylase/protease inhibitors preventing both early germination and seed predation). The second type consists of multidomain inhibitors which evolved by intragenic duplication and are released by processing (e.g. multicystatins and potato inhibitor II, implicated in tuber dormancy and defence, respectively). The third type consists of promiscuous inhibitory folds which resemble mouse traps that can inhibit different proteases cleaving the bait they offer (e.g. serpins, regulating cell death, and α-macroglobulins). Understanding how multifunctional inhibitors juggle biological jobs increases our knowledge of the connections between the networks they regulate. These examples show that multifunctionality evolved independently from a remarkable diversity of molecular mechanisms that can be exploited for crop improvement and provide concepts for protein design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike M Grosse-Holz
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Burlakovskiy MS, Yemelyanov VV, Lutova LA. Plant Based Bioreactors of Recombinant Cytokines (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016; 52:121-137. [PMID: 32214409 PMCID: PMC7087682 DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are a family of signaling polypeptides involved in intercellular interactions in the process of the immune response, as well as in the regulation of a number of normal physiological functions. Cytokines are used in medicine for the treatment of cancer, immune disorders, viral infections, and other socially significant diseases, but the extent of their use is limited by the high production cost of the active agent. The development of this area of pharmacology is associated with the success of genetic engineering, which allows the production of significant amounts of protein by transgenic organisms. The review discusses the latest advances in the production of various cytokines with the use of genetically modified plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Burlakovskiy
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - V. V. Yemelyanov
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - L. A. Lutova
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mandal MK, Ahvari H, Schillberg S, Schiermeyer A. Tackling Unwanted Proteolysis in Plant Production Hosts Used for Molecular Farming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:267. [PMID: 27014293 PMCID: PMC4782010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the field of molecular farming has significantly matured over the last years, some obstacles still need to be resolved. A major limiting factor for a broader application of plant hosts for the production of valuable recombinant proteins is the low yield of intact recombinant proteins. These low yields are at least in part due to the action of endogenous plant proteases on the foreign recombinant proteins. This mini review will present the current knowledge of the proteolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of different target proteins and strategies that are applied to suppress undesirable proteolytic activities in order to safeguard recombinant proteins during the production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Schiermeyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied EcologyAachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos RB, Abranches R, Fischer R, Sack M, Holland T. Putting the Spotlight Back on Plant Suspension Cultures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:297. [PMID: 27014320 PMCID: PMC4786539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell suspension cultures have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of recombinant proteins. They can be cultivated under aseptic conditions using classical fermentation technology, they are easy to scale-up for manufacturing, and the regulatory requirements are similar to those established for well-characterized production systems based on microbial and mammalian cells. It is therefore no surprise that taliglucerase alfa (Elelyso®)-the first licensed recombinant pharmaceutical protein derived from plants-is produced in plant cell suspension cultures. But despite this breakthrough, plant cells are still largely neglected compared to transgenic plants and the more recent plant-based transient expression systems. Here, we revisit plant cell suspension cultures and highlight recent developments in the field that show how the rise of plant cells parallels that of Chinese hamster ovary cells, currently the most widespread and successful manufacturing platform for biologics. These developments include medium optimization, process engineering, statistical experimental designs, scale-up/scale-down models, and process analytical technologies. Significant yield increases for diverse target proteins will encourage a gold rush to adopt plant cells as a platform technology, and the first indications of this breakthrough are already on the horizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita B. Santos
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierOeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Abranches
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierOeiras, Portugal
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie (IME), Integrated Production PlatformsAachen, Germany
- Biology VII, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Biology VII, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Tanja Holland
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie (IME), Integrated Production PlatformsAachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tanja Holland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tekoah Y, Shulman A, Kizhner T, Ruderfer I, Fux L, Nataf Y, Bartfeld D, Ariel T, Gingis-Velitski S, Hanania U, Shaaltiel Y. Large-scale production of pharmaceutical proteins in plant cell culture-the Protalix experience. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1199-208. [PMID: 26102075 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Protalix Biotherapeutics develops recombinant human proteins and produces them in plant cell culture. Taliglucerase alfa has been the first biotherapeutic expressed in plant cells to be approved by regulatory authorities around the world. Other therapeutic proteins are being developed and are currently at various stages of the pipeline. This review summarizes the major milestones reached by Protalix Biotherapeutics to enable the development of these biotherapeutics, including platform establishment, cell line selection, manufacturing process and good manufacturing practice principles to consider for the process. Examples of the various products currently being developed are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liat Fux
- Protalix Biotherapeutics, Carmiel, Israel
| | | | | | - Tami Ariel
- Protalix Biotherapeutics, Carmiel, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moustafa K, Makhzoum A, Trémouillaux-Guiller J. Molecular farming on rescue of pharma industry for next generations. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:840-50. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1049934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
14
|
Vojta L, Ljuma-Skupnjak L, Budimir A, Vukičević S, Fulgosi H. Rapid transient expression of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in two industrial cultivars of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) by agroinfiltration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 28626718 PMCID: PMC5466047 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful expression of human cytokine GM-CSF in two industrial tobacco cultivars is achieved. Rapid cloning in two binary destination vectors is accomplished by using Gateway approach. Agrobacterial infiltration procedure is optimized and shown to require the surface tension lowering agent Silwet L-77. Accumulation of recombinant protein was confirmed by using high affinity monoclonal hemagglutinin tag antibodies. Production of hGM-CSF has been achieved without plant codon usage optimization.
We report the production of hGM-CSF cytokine in leaves of industrial tobacco cultivars DH-17 and DH-27 by using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. We prove the concept that very high biomass industrial tobacco plants are suitable platforms for rapid, low cost production of foreign proteins. Successful transient expression of the GM-CSF was achieved in less than three months, opening the possibility for future applications of this approach in rapid response production of various proteins of non-plant origin in industrial tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Vojta
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000 , Croatia
| | | | - Ankica Budimir
- Hrvatski duhani d.d. Virovitica P.C. Kutjevo, Zagrebačka 52, Kutjevo 34340 , Croatia
| | - Slobodan Vukičević
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, Zagreb 10000 , Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Fulgosi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000 , Croatia
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +385 14680238; fax: +385 14561177
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Makhzoum A, Benyammi R, Moustafa K, Trémouillaux-Guiller J. Recent advances on host plants and expression cassettes' structure and function in plant molecular pharming. BioDrugs 2015; 28:145-59. [PMID: 23959796 PMCID: PMC7100180 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant molecular pharming is a promising system to produce important recombinant proteins such as therapeutic antibodies, pharmaceuticals, enzymes, growth factors, and vaccines. The system provides an interesting alternative method to the direct extraction of proteins from inappropriate source material while offering the possibility to overcome problems related to product safety and source availability. Multiple factors including plant hosts, genes of interest, expression vector cassettes, and extraction and purification techniques play important roles in the plant molecular pharming. Plant species, as a biosynthesis platform, are a crucial factor in achieving high yields of recombinant protein in plant. The choice of recombinant gene and its expression strategy is also of great importance in ensuring a high amount of the recombinant proteins. Many studies have been conducted to improve expression, accumulation, and purification of the recombinant protein from molecular pharming systems. Re-engineered vectors and expression cassettes are also pivotal tools in enhancing gene expression at the transcription and translation level, and increasing protein accumulation, stability, retention and targeting of specific organelles. In this review, we report recent advances and strategies of plant molecular pharming while focusing on the choice of plant hosts and the role of some molecular pharming elements and approaches: promoters, codon optimization, signal sequences, and peptides used for upstream design, purification and downstream processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Roukia Benyammi
- Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Biotechnology of the National Superior School of Agronomy, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Khaled Moustafa
- Institut Mondor de la Recherche Biomédicale, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lallemand J, Bouché F, Desiron C, Stautemas J, de Lemos Esteves F, Périlleux C, Tocquin P. Extracellular peptidase hunting for improvement of protein production in plant cells and roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:37. [PMID: 25705212 PMCID: PMC4319384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based recombinant protein production systems have gained an extensive interest over the past few years, because of their reduced cost and relative safety. Although the first products are now reaching the market, progress are still needed to improve plant hosts and strategies for biopharming. Targeting recombinant proteins toward the extracellular space offers several advantages in terms of protein folding and purification, but degradation events are observed, due to endogenous peptidases. This paper focuses on the analysis of extracellular proteolytic activities in two production systems: cell cultures and root-secretion (rhizosecretion), in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. Proteolytic activities of extracellular proteomes (secretomes) were evaluated in vitro against two substrate proteins: bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum immunoglobulins G (hIgGs). Both targets were found to be degraded by the secretomes, BSA being more prone to proteolysis than hIgGs. The analysis of the proteolysis pH-dependence showed that target degradation was mainly dependent upon the production system: rhizosecretomes contained more peptidase activity than extracellular medium of cell suspensions, whereas variations due to plant species were smaller. Using class-specific peptidase inhibitors, serine, and metallopeptidases were found to be responsible for degradation of both substrates. An in-depth in silico analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data from Arabidopsis was then performed and led to the identification of a limited number of serine and metallo-peptidases that are consistently expressed in both production systems. These peptidases should be prime candidates for further improvement of plant hosts by targeted silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lallemand
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Bouché
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Carole Desiron
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Stautemas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | | | - Claire Périlleux
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Tocquin
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
- PhytoSYSTEMS, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mandal MK, Fischer R, Schillberg S, Schiermeyer A. Inhibition of protease activity by antisense RNA improves recombinant protein production in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) suspension cells. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1065-73. [PMID: 24828029 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins produced in plant suspension cultures are often degraded by endogenous plant proteases when secreted into the medium, resulting in low yields. To generate protease-deficient tobacco BY-2 cell lines and to retrieve the sequence information, we cloned four different protease cDNAs from tobacco BY-2 cells (NtAP, NtCP, NtMMP1, and NtSP), which represent the major catalytic classes. The simultaneous expression of antisense RNAs against these endogenous proteases led to the establishment of cell lines with reduced levels of endogenous protease expression and activity at late stages of the cultivation cycle. One of the cell lines showing reduced proteolytic activity in the culture medium was selected for the expression of the recombinant full-length IgG1(κ) antibody 2F5, recognizing the gp41 surface protein of HIV-1. This cell line showed significantly reduced degradation of the 2F5 heavy chain, resulting in four-fold higher accumulation of the intact antibody heavy chain when compared to transformed wild type cells expressing the same antibody. N-terminal sequencing data revealed that the antibody has two cleavage sites within the CDR-H3 and one site at the end of the H4-framework region. These cleavage sites are found to be vulnerable to serine proteases. The data provide a basis for further improvement of plant cells for the production of recombinant proteins in plant cell suspension cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Mandal
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pillay P, Schlüter U, van Wyk S, Kunert KJ, Vorster BJ. Proteolysis of recombinant proteins in bioengineered plant cells. Bioengineered 2014; 5:15-20. [PMID: 23778319 PMCID: PMC4008460 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are increasingly used as alternative expression hosts for the production of recombinant proteins offering many advantages including higher biomass and the ability to perform post-translational modifications on complex proteins. Key challenges for optimized accumulation of recombinant proteins in a plant system still remain, including endogenous plant proteolytic activity, which may severely compromise recombinant protein stability. Several strategies have recently been applied to improve protein stability by limiting protease action such as recombinant protein production in various sub-cellular compartments or application of protease inhibitors to limit protease action. A short update on the current strategies applied is provided here, with particular focus on sub-cellular sites previously selected for recombinant protein production and the co-expression of protease inhibitors to limit protease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyen Pillay
- Department of Plant Science; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute; University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Urte Schlüter
- Department of Plant Science; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute; University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stefan van Wyk
- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute; University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Karl Josef Kunert
- Department of Plant Science; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute; University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Barend Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute; University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
da Cunha NB, Vianna GR, da Almeida Lima T, Rech E. Molecular farming of human cytokines and blood products from plants: Challenges in biosynthesis and detection of plant-produced recombinant proteins. Biotechnol J 2013; 9:39-50. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
20
|
Nakashima K, Shibasaki-Kitakawa N, Miyamoto T, Kubo M, Yonemoto T, Shuler ML. Production of human secreted alkaline phosphatase in suspension and immobilization cultures of tobacco NT1 cell. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
21
|
Kuo YC, Tan CC, Ku JT, Hsu WC, Su SC, Lu CA, Huang LF. Improving pharmaceutical protein production in Oryza sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8719-39. [PMID: 23615467 PMCID: PMC3676753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of plant expression systems in the production of recombinant proteins has several advantages, such as low maintenance cost, absence of human pathogens, and possession of complex post-translational glycosylation capabilities. Plants have been successfully used to produce recombinant cytokines, vaccines, antibodies, and other proteins, and rice (Oryza sativa) is a potential plant used as recombinant protein expression system. After successful transformation, transgenic rice cells can be either regenerated into whole plants or grown as cell cultures that can be upscaled into bioreactors. This review summarizes recent advances in the production of different recombinant protein produced in rice and describes their production methods as well as methods to improve protein yield and quality. Glycosylation and its impact in plant development and protein production are discussed, and several methods of improving yield and quality that have not been incorporated in rice expression systems are also proposed. Finally, different bioreactor options are explored and their advantages are analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Kuo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Chia-Chun Tan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Rd., Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jung-Ting Ku
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Wei-Cho Hsu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Sung-Chieh Su
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Chung-An Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Rd., Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Li-Fen Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.T.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu YK, Huang LF, Ho SL, Liao CY, Liu HY, Lai YH, Yu SM, Lu CA. Production of mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by gateway technology and transgenic rice cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:1239-47. [PMID: 22125231 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To establish a production platform for recombinant proteins in rice suspension cells, we first constructed a Gateway-compatible binary T-DNA destination vector. It provided a reliable and effective method for the rapid directional cloning of target genes into plant cells through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We used the approach to produce mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) in a rice suspension cell system. The promoter for the αAmy3 amylase gene, which is induced strongly by sugar depletion, drove the expression of mGM-CSF. The resulting recombinant protein was fused with the αAmy3 signal peptide and was secreted into the culture medium. The production of rice-derived mGM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) was scaled up successfully in a 2-L bioreactor, in which the highest yield of rmGM-CSF was 24.6 mg/L. Due to post-translational glycosylation, the molecular weight of rmGM-CSF was larger than that of recombinant mGM-CSF produced in Escherichia coli. The rmGM-CSF was bioactive and could stimulate the proliferation of a murine myeloblastic leukemia cell line, NSF-60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kuo Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Recombinant cytokines from plants. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3536-52. [PMID: 21747693 PMCID: PMC3131577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based platforms have been successfully applied for the last two decades for the efficient production of pharmaceutical proteins. The number of commercialized products biomanufactured in plants is, however, rather discouraging. Cytokines are small glycosylated polypeptides used in the treatment of cancer, immune disorders and various other related diseases. Because the clinical use of cytokines is limited by high production costs they are good candidates for plant-made pharmaceuticals. Several research groups explored the possibilities of cost-effective production of animal cytokines in plant systems. This review summarizes recent advances in this field.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu J, Ge X, Dolan MC. Towards high-yield production of pharmaceutical proteins with plant cell suspension cultures. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:278-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
25
|
Boivin EB, Lepage É, Matton DP, De Crescenzo G, Jolicoeur M. Transient expression of antibodies in suspension plant cell suspension cultures is enhanced when co-transformed with the tomato bushy stunt virus p19 viral suppressor of gene silencing. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1534-43. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
26
|
Góra-Sochacka A, Redkiewicz P, Napiórkowska B, Gaganidze D, Brodzik R, Sirko A. Recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is glycosylated in transgenic tobacco and maintains its biological activity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:135-42. [PMID: 20038209 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2009.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine with many important applications and, due to its immunostimulatory properties, could also be used as a vaccine adjuvant. A simple strategy to produce recombinant mouse GM-CSF (mGM-CSF) in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants was used in this study. The mGM-CSF cDNA followed by the sequence encoding endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL) was cloned into the ImpactVector under the control of the strong promoter from the gene encoding a small subunit of Rubisco. In transgenic plants the accumulation level of recombinant mGM-CSF varied in the individual transformants from 8 to 19 microg/g of fresh leaf tissue, which makes up to 0.22% of total soluble protein. In most analyzed plants, the apparent molecular weight of the recombinant protein was larger than predicted due to its N-glycosylation, presumably in 2 sites. The recombinant plant-produced murine GM-CSF retained its biological activity as confirmed in vitro in proliferation assay using a mouse cell line, which is growth-dependent on GM-CSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Desai PN, Shrivastava N, Padh H. Production of heterologous proteins in plants: strategies for optimal expression. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:427-35. [PMID: 20152894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 01/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants are a promising expression system for the production of heterologous proteins, especially therapeutic proteins. Currently the majority of therapeutic proteins are produced in mammalian cell lines or bacteria. In a few cases insects, yeast and fungi have been developed for production of human proteins. However, these expression systems have limitations in terms of suitability, cost, scalability, purification and post-translational modifications. Therefore, alternative expression systems are being developed in transgenic animals and transgenic plants. Transgenic plants could provide an attractive alternative in terms of low production cost and lower capital investment in infrastructure, and with appropriate post-translational modifications. The potential of plants as an expression host has not been capitalized, primarily due to lower level of expression of transgenes in plants. The present review will evaluate the rate limiting steps of plant expression systems and suggest strategies to optimize protein expression at each of the steps: gene integration, transcription, translation and protein accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priti N Desai
- B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|