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Seo MH, Kim SH, Yeo S. Serping1 associated with α-synuclein increase in colonic smooth muscles of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1140. [PMID: 38212417 PMCID: PMC10784473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have gastrointestinal motility disorders, which are common non-motor symptoms. However, the reasons for these motility disorders remain unclear. Increased alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is considered an important factor in peristalsis dysfunction in colonic smooth muscles in patients with PD. In this study, the morphological changes and association between serping1 and α-syn were investigated in the colon of the 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced chronic PD model. Increased serping1 and α-syn were noted in the colon of the PD model, and decreased serping1 also induced a decrease in α-syn in C2C12 cells. Serping1 is a major regulator of physiological processes in the kallikrein-kinin system, controlling processes including inflammation and vasodilation. The kinin system also comprises bradykinin and bradykinin receptor 1. The factors related to the kallikrein-kinin system, bradykinin, and bradykinin receptor 1 were regulated by serping1 in C2C12 cells. The expression levels of bradykinin and bradykinin receptor 1, modulated by serping1 also increased in the colon of the PD model. These results suggest that the regulation of increased serping1 could alleviate Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy, a characteristic of PD. Furthermore, this study could have a positive effect on the early stages of PD progression because of the perception that α-syn in colonic tissues is present prior to the development of PD motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyung Seo
- Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Sang Ji University, Wonju, 26339, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Yonseidae 1 Gil, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Yonseidae 1 Gil, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sujung Yeo
- Research Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zhou R, Li J, Wang R, Chen Z, Zhou F. The neurovascular unit in healthy and injured spinal cord. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1437-1455. [PMID: 37190756 PMCID: PMC10414016 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231172008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) reflects the close temporal and spatial link between neurons and blood vessels. However, the understanding of the NVU in the spinal cord is far from clear and largely based on generalized knowledge obtained from the brain. Herein, we review the present knowledge of the NVU and highlight candidate approaches to investigate the NVU, particularly focusing on the spinal cord. Several unique features maintain the highly regulated microenvironment in the NVU. Autoregulation and neurovascular coupling ensure regional blood flow meets the metabolic demand according to the blood supply or local neural activation. The blood-central nervous system barrier partitions the circulating blood from neural parenchyma and facilitates the selective exchange of substances. Furthermore, we discuss spinal cord injury (SCI) as a common injury from the perspective of NVU dysfunction. Hopefully, this review will help expand the understanding of the NVU in the spinal cord and inspire new insights into SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhao Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruideng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Martínez-Magaña JJ, Krystal JH, Girgenti MJ, Núnez-Ríos DL, Nagamatsu ST, Andrade-Brito DE, Montalvo-Ortiz JL. Decoding the role of transcriptomic clocks in the human prefrontal cortex. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.19.23288765. [PMID: 37163025 PMCID: PMC10168432 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.23288765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process with interindividual variability, which can be measured by aging biological clocks. Aging clocks are machine-learning algorithms guided by biological information and associated with mortality risk and a wide range of health outcomes. One of these aging clocks are transcriptomic clocks, which uses gene expression data to predict biological age; however, their functional role is unknown. Here, we profiled two transcriptomic clocks (RNAAgeCalc and knowledge-based deep neural network clock) in a large dataset of human postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples. We identified that deep-learning transcriptomic clock outperforms RNAAgeCalc to predict transcriptomic age in the human PFC. We identified associations of transcriptomic clocks with psychiatric-related traits. Further, we applied system biology algorithms to identify common gene networks among both clocks and performed pathways enrichment analyses to assess its functionality and prioritize genes involved in the aging processes. Identified gene networks showed enrichment for diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messenger pathways. We also observed enrichment of genome-wide signals of mental and physical health outcomes and identified genes previously associated with human brain aging. Our findings suggest a link between transcriptomic aging and health disorders, including psychiatric traits. Further, it reveals functional genes within the human PFC that may play an important role in aging and health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Martínez-Magaña
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H. Krystal
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J. Girgenti
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana L. Núnez-Ríos
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheila T. Nagamatsu
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diego E. Andrade-Brito
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Janitza L. Montalvo-Ortiz
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Schizophrenia-derived hiPSC brain microvascular endothelial-like cells show impairments in angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier function. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3708-3718. [PMID: 35705634 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, affecting 1% of the world population. Long-standing clinical observations and molecular data have pointed to a possible vascular deficiency that could be acting synergistically with neuronal dysfunction in SZ. As SZ is a neurodevelopmental disease, the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) allows disease biology modeling while retaining the patient's unique genetic signature. Previously, we reported a VEGFA signaling impairment in SZ-hiPSC-derived neural lineages leading to decreased angiogenesis. Here, we present a functional characterization of SZ-derived brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BEC), the counterpart of the neurovascular crosstalk, revealing an intrinsically defective blood-brain barrier (BBB) phenotype. Transcriptomic assessment of genes related to endothelial function among three control (Ctrl BEC) and five schizophrenia patients derived BEC (SZP BEC), revealed that SZP BEC have a distinctive expression pattern of angiogenic and BBB-associated genes. Functionally, SZP BEC showed a decreased angiogenic response in vitro and higher transpermeability than Ctrl BEC. Immunofluorescence staining revealed less expression and altered distribution of tight junction proteins in SZP BEC. Moreover, SZP BEC's conditioned media reduced barrier capacities in the brain microvascular endothelial cell line HCMEC/D3 and in an in vivo permeability assay in mice. Overall, our results describe an intrinsic failure of SZP BEC for proper barrier function. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis tracing schizophrenia origins to brain development and BBB dysfunction.
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5
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Mugisho OO, Robilliard LD, Nicholson LFB, Graham ES, O'Carroll SJ. Bradykinin receptor-1 activation induces inflammation and increases the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:343-351. [PMID: 31498530 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are characterised by chronic inflammation and loss of vascular integrity. Bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) activation has been implicated in many neuroinflammatory diseases, but the contribution of B1R to inflammation and vascular breakdown is yet to be determined. As a result, the present study evaluated the effect of B1R stimulation using Des-Arg-9-BK on the cytokine profile and junctional properties of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs). Results showed that stimulation of B1R receptors increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), but decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a cytokine and growth factor required for maintenance of the vasculature. B1R stimulation also resulted in the loss of occludin expression at tight junctions with no change in VE-cadherin expression. There was also a significant increase in permeability to Evans blue albumin, suggesting an increase of vascular permeability. Taken together, these results suggest that B1R activation that occurs in neuroinflammatory diseases may contribute to both the inflammation and loss of blood-brain barrier integrity that is characteristic of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo O Mugisho
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Ophthalmology, Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Laverne D Robilliard
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Louise F B Nicholson
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Jassam SA, Maherally Z, Ashkan K, Pilkington GJ, Fillmore HL. Fucosyltransferase 4 and 7 mediates adhesion of non-small cell lung cancer cells to brain-derived endothelial cells and results in modification of the blood-brain-barrier: in vitro investigation of CD15 and CD15s in lung-to-brain metastasis. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:405-415. [PMID: 31104223 PMCID: PMC6591197 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic non-small cell lung (NSCLC) cancer represents one of the most common types of brain metastasis. The mechanisms involved in how circulating cancer cells transmigrate into brain parenchyma are not fully understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of fucosylated carbohydrate epitopes CD15 and sialyated CD15s in cancer adhesion to brain-derived endothelial cells and determine their influence in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption METHODS: Three distinct, independent methods were used to measure brain endothelial integrity and include voltohmmeter (EVOM™), impedance spectroscopy (CellZscope®) and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system (ECIS™). Two fucosyltransferases (FUT4 and 7) responsible for CD15 and CD15s synthesis were modulated in four human cancer cell lines (three lung cancer and one glioma). RESULTS Overexpression of CD15 or CD15s epitopes led to increase in adhesion of cancer cells to cerebral endothelial cells compared with wild-type and cells with silenced CD15 or CD15s (p < 0.01). This overexpression led to the disruption of cerebral endothelial cell monolayers (p < 0.01). Knockdown of FUT4 and FUT7 in metastatic cancer cells prevented disruption of an in vitro BBB model. Surprisingly, although the cells characterised as 'non-metastatic', they became 'metastatic' -like when cells were forced to over-express either FUT4 or FUT7. CONCLUSIONS Results from these studies suggest that overexpression of CD15 and CD15s could potentiate the transmigration of circulating NSCLC cells into the brain. The clinical significance of these studies includes the possible use of these epitopes as biomarkers for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A Jassam
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, P01 2DT, UK
| | - Zaynah Maherally
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, P01 2DT, UK
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Neuro-Surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Geoffrey J Pilkington
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, P01 2DT, UK
| | - Helen L Fillmore
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, P01 2DT, UK.
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7
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Ferrero H, Larrayoz IM, Gil-Bea FJ, Martínez A, Ramírez MJ. Adrenomedullin, a Novel Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8799-8814. [PMID: 29600350 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders whose common characteristic is the progressive degeneration of neuronal structure and function. Although much knowledge has been accumulated on the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases over the years, more efforts are needed to understand the processes that underlie these diseases and hence to propose new treatments. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide involved in vasodilation, hormone secretion, antimicrobial defense, cellular growth, and angiogenesis. In neurons, AM and related peptides are associated with some structural and functional cytoskeletal proteins that interfere with microtubule dynamics. Furthermore, AM may intervene in neuronal dysfunction through other mechanisms such as immune and inflammatory response, apoptosis, or calcium dyshomeostasis. Alterations in AM expression have been described in neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. This review addresses the current state of knowledge on AM and its possible implication in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Ferrero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco J Gil-Bea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, CIBERNED, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - María J Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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8
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Podsiadło K, Sulkowski G, Dąbrowska-Bouta B, Strużyńska L. Blockade of the kinin B1 receptor affects the cytokine/chemokine profile in rat brain subjected to autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:459-469. [PMID: 28160128 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kinins are bioactive peptides which provide multiple functions, including critical regulation of the inflammatory response. Released during tissue injury, kinins potentiate the inflammation which represents a hallmark of numerous neurological disorders, including those of autoimmune origin such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present work, we assess the expression of B1 receptor (B1R) in rat brain during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which is an animal model of MS. We apply pharmacological inhibition to investigate the role of this receptor in the development of neurological deficits and in shaping the cytokine/chemokine profile during the course of the disease. Overexpression of B1R is observed in brain tissue of rats subjected to EAE, beginning at the very early asymptomatic phase of the disease. This overexpression is suppressed by a specific antagonist known as DALBK. The involvement of B1R in the progression of neurological symptoms in immunized rats is confirmed. Analysis of an array of cytokines/chemokines identified a sub-group as being B1R-dependent. Increase of the protein levels for the proinflammatory cytokines (Il-6, TNF-α but not IL-1β), chemokines attracting immune cells into nervous tissue (MCP-1, MIP-3α, LIX), and protein levels of fractalkine and vascular endothelial growth factor observed in EAE rats, were significantly diminished after DALBK administration. This may indicate the protective potential of pharmacological inhibition of B1R. However, simultaneously reduced protein levels of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factors (IL-10, IL-4, and CNTF) was noticed. The results show that B1R-mediated signaling regulates the cellular response profile following neuroinflammation in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Podsiadło
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 A. Pawińskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sulkowski
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 A. Pawińskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Dąbrowska-Bouta
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 A. Pawińskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Strużyńska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 A. Pawińskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Abad C, Jayaram B, Becquet L, Wang Y, O’Dorisio MS, Waschek JA, Tan YV. VPAC1 receptor (Vipr1)-deficient mice exhibit ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with specific deficits in the effector stage. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:169. [PMID: 27357191 PMCID: PMC4928347 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are two highly homologous neuropeptides. In vitro and ex vivo experiments repeatedly demonstrate that these peptides exert pronounced immunomodulatory (primarily anti-inflammatory) actions which are mediated by common VPAC1 and VPAC2 G protein-coupled receptors. In agreement, we have shown that mice deficient in PACAP ligand or VPAC2 receptors exhibit exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, we observed that VIP-deficient mice are unexpectedly resistant to EAE, suggesting a requirement for this peptide at some stage of disease development. Here, we investigated the involvement of VPAC1 in the development of EAE using a VPAC1-deficient mouse model. METHODS EAE was induced in wild-type (WT) and VPAC1 knockout (KO) mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55), and clinical scores were assessed continuously over 30 days. Immune responses in the spinal cords were determined by histology, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, and in the draining lymph nodes by antigen-recall assays. The contribution of VPAC1 expression in the immune system to the development of EAE was evaluated by means of adoptive transfer and bone marrow chimera experiments. In other experiments, VPAC1 receptor analogs were given to WT mice. RESULTS MOG35-55-induced EAE was ameliorated in VPAC1 KO mice compared to WT mice. The EAE-resistant phenotype of VPAC1 KO mice correlated with reduced central nervous system (CNS) histopathology and cytokine expression in the spinal cord. The immunization phase of EAE appeared to be unimpaired because lymph node cells from EAE-induced VPAC1 KO mice stimulated in vitro with MOG exhibited robust proliferative and Th1/Th17 responses. Moreover, lymph node and spleen cells from KO mice were fully capable of inducing EAE upon transfer to WT recipients. In contrast, WT cells from MOG-immunized mice did not transfer the disease when administered to VPAC1 KO recipients, implicating a defect in the effector phase of the disease. Bone marrow chimera studies suggested that the resistance of VPAC1-deficient mice was only minimally dependent on the expression of this receptor in the immunogenic/hematopoietic compartment. Consistent with this, impaired spinal cord inductions of several chemokine mRNAs were observed in VPAC1 KO mice. Finally, treatment of WT mice with the VPAC1 receptor antagonist PG97-269 before, but not after, EAE induction mimicked the clinical phenotype of VPAC1 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS VPAC1 gene loss impairs the development of EAE in part by preventing an upregulation of CNS chemokines and invasion of inflammatory cells into the CNS. Use of VPAC1 antagonists in WT mice prior to EAE induction also support a critical role for VPAC1 signaling for the development of EAE.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/complications
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity
- Laminin/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/deficiency
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/genetics
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/pathology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Abad
- />Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- />Inserm U905, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Normandy, France
| | - Bhavaani Jayaram
- />Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Laurine Becquet
- />Inserm U905, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Normandy, France
| | - Yuki Wang
- />Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M Sue O’Dorisio
- />Department of Pediatrics and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, RJ and LA Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA USA
| | - James A. Waschek
- />Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yossan-Var Tan
- />Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- />Inserm U905, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Normandy, France
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10
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Cilostazol Strengthens Barrier Integrity in Brain Endothelial Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 33:291-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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de Freitas Souza BS, Nascimento RC, de Oliveira SA, Vasconcelos JF, Kaneto CM, de Carvalho LFPP, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos R, Soares MBP, de Freitas LAR. Transplantation of bone marrow cells decreases tumor necrosis factor-α production and blood-brain barrier permeability and improves survival in a mouse model of acetaminophen-induced acute liver disease. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:1011-21. [PMID: 22809224 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.684445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF), although rare, remains a rapidly progressive and frequently fatal condition. Acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning induces a massive hepatic necrosis and often leads to death as a result of cerebral edema. Cell-based therapies are currently being investigated for liver injuries. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC) in a mouse model of acute liver injury. METHODS ALF was induced in C57Bl/6 mice submitted to an alcoholic diet followed by fasting and injection of APAP. Mice were transplanted with 10(7) BMC obtained from enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. RESULTS BMC transplantation caused a significant reduction in APAP-induced mortality. However, no significant differences in serum aminotransferase concentrations, extension of liver necrosis, number of inflammatory cells and levels of cytokines in the liver were found when BMC- and saline-injected groups were compared. Moreover, recruitment of transplanted cells to the liver was very low and no donor-derived hepatocytes were observed. Mice submitted to BMC therapy had some protection against disruption of the blood-brain barrier, despite their hyperammonemia, and serum metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity similar to the saline-injected group. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were decreased in the serum of BMC-treated mice. This reduction was associated with an early increase in interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA expression in the spleen and bone marrow after BMC treatment. CONCLUSIONS BMC transplantation protects mice submitted to high doses of APAP and is a potential candidate for ALF treatment, probably via an immunomodulatory effect on TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Guevara-Lora I. Kinin-mediated inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:72-8. [PMID: 22554400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mediatory role of kinins in both acute and chronic inflammation within nervous tissues has been widely described. Bradykinin, the major representative of these bioactive peptides, is one of a few mediators of inflammation that directly stimulates afferent nerves due to the broad expression of specific kinin receptors in cell types in these tissues. Moreover, kinins may be delivered to a site of injury not only after their production at the endothelium surface but also following their local production through the enzymatic degradation of kininogens at the surface of nerve cells. A strong correlation between inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration has been established. The activation of nerve cells, particularly microglia, in response to injury, trauma or infection initiates a number of reactions in the neuronal neighborhood that can lead to cell death after the prolonged action of inflammatory substances. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the effects of kinins on neuronal destruction. In these studies, the overexpression of proteins involved in kinin generation or of kinin receptors has been observed in several neurologic disorders including neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis as well as disorders associated with a deficiency in cell communication such as epilepsy. This review is focused on recent findings that provide reliable evidence of the mediatory role of kinins in the inflammatory responses associated with different neurological disorders. A deeper understanding of the role of kinins in neurodegenerative diseases is likely to promote the future development of new therapeutic strategies for the control of these disorders. An example of this could be the prospective use of kinin receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Guevara-Lora
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Cyclosporin A induces hyperpermeability of the blood-brain barrier by inhibiting autocrine adrenomedullin-mediated up-regulation of endothelial barrier function. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 644:5-9. [PMID: 20553921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A, a potent immunosuppressant, can often produce neurotoxicity in patients, although its penetration into the brain is restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain pericytes and astrocytes, which are periendothelial accessory structures of the BBB, can be involved in cyclosporin A-induced BBB disruption. However, the mechanism by which cyclosporin A causes BBB dysfunction remains unknown. Here, we show that in rodent brain endothelial cells, cyclosporin A decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) by inhibiting intracellular signal transduction downstream of adrenomedullin, an autocrine regulator of BBB function. Cyclosporin A stimulated adrenomedullin release from brain endothelial cells, but did not affect binding of adrenomedullin to its receptors. This cyclosporin A-induced decrease in TEER was attenuated by exogenous addition of adrenomedullin. Cyclosporin A dose-dependently decreased the total cAMP concentration in brain endothelial cells. A combination of cyclosporin A (1microM) with an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (SQ22536; 10microM), or a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H89; 1microM), markedly increased sodium fluorescein permeability in brain endothelial cells, whereas each drug alone had no effect. Thus, these data suggest that cyclosporin A inhibits the adenylyl cyclase/cyclic AMP/PKA signaling pathway activated by adrenomedullin, leading to impairment of brain endothelial barrier function.
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Scalabrino G. The multi-faceted basis of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) neurotrophism in adult central nervous system: Lessons learned from its deficiency. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 88:203-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Endothelin receptors: do they have a role in retinal degeneration? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008. [PMID: 18188970 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74904-4_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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