1
|
Merzah MH, Diajil AR. Serum and salivary adiponectin levels as predictive markers for diabetes mellitus in children with a family history of diabetes. J Med Life 2023; 16:1561-1565. [PMID: 38313182 PMCID: PMC10835556 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, metabolic condition marked by defects in insulin production, action, or both. Environmental and genetic factors can contribute to the onset of diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin, a hormone affecting pancreatic beta cell proliferation, has emerged as a potential indicator of diabetes risk. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate serum and salivary adiponectin levels as predictors of diabetes mellitus in children with/without a family history of diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted at Al-Zahra Hospital in Najaf city and included 125 children aged 5 to 16. Data on demographics, including name, age, and gender, were collected, and body mass index (BMI) was assessed. Serum and salivary adiponectin levels were measured and analyzed in relation to family history and BMI. Children with a family history of DM had high serum adiponectin (ADP) levels. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in children with first-degree relatives having a history of diabetes mellitus, except for cases involving mothers and other relatives with diabetes mellitus history (p<0.05). Furthermore, serum adiponectin levels were higher in obese children. Salivary adiponectin levels were significantly elevated in children with a maternal family history of diabetes (p=0.01), while no significant correlation was found with BMI. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.180, p=0.05) between salivary and serum adiponectin concentrations was observed. Compared to children with a normal, healthy weight, children with obesity had decreased salivary adiponectin levels and increased serum adiponectin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hamid Merzah
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ameena Ryhan Diajil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mallardo M, D'Alleva M, Lazzer S, Giovanelli N, Graniero F, Billat V, Fiori F, Marinoni M, Parpinel M, Daniele A, Nigro E. Improvement of adiponectin in relation to physical performance and body composition in young obese males subjected to twenty-four weeks of training programs. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15790. [PMID: 37215851 PMCID: PMC10196512 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic diseases represent a worldwide health problem. The main factor predisposing to obesity is an unhealthy lifestyle including the lack of physical activity. A pivotal role in the etio-pathogenesis of obesity is carried out by adipose tissue, an endocrine organ secreting several adipokines involved in numerous metabolic and inflammatory processes. Among these, of particular importance is adiponectin, an adipokine involved in the regulation of insulin sensibility and in anti-inflammatory processes. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of 24 weeks of two different training programs polarized (POL) and threshold training (THR) on body composition, physical capacities and adiponectin expression. Thirteen male obese subjects (BMI: 32.0 ± 3.0 kg m-2) followed 24 weeks of two different training programs, POL and THR, consisting of walking or running (or a combination of the two methods) in their normal living conditions. Before (T0) and after the end of the program (T1), the assessment of body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance and the concentration of salivary and serum adiponectin was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Although the results obtained did not show significant differences between the two training programs, body mass and body mass index decreased by a mean of -4.46 ± 2.90 kg and 1.43 ± 0.92 kg m-2 (P < 0.05). Fat mass decreased by -4.47 ± 2.78 kg (P < 0.05). V'O2max increased by a mean of 0.20 ± 0.26 L min-1 (P < 0.05) Also, we observed an increase in saliva and in serum of adiponectin concentrations at T1 compared to T0 by 4.72 ± 3.52 μg mL-1 and 5.22 ± 4.74 ng mL-1 (P < 0.05) respectively. Finally, we found significant correlations between Δ serum adiponectin and Δ Hip (R = -0.686, P = 0.001) and between Δ salivary adiponectin and ΔWaist (R = -0.678, P = 0.011). Our results suggest that a 24 weeks training program, independently from intensity and volume, induces an amelioration of body composition and fitness performance. These improvements are associated with an increase in total and HMW adiponectin expression in both saliva and in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mallardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via A. Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mattia D'Alleva
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Giovanelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Graniero
- Physical Exercise Prescription Center, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Gemona del Friuli, Udine, Italy
| | - Véronique Billat
- Unité de Biologie Intégrative des Adaptations à l’Exercice, Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, 91000, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- BillaTraining SAS, 32 rue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94140, Alforville, France
| | - Federica Fiori
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Pansini, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via A. Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sales-Peres SHDC, Houghton J, Meira GDF, de Moura-Grec PG, Brienze SLA, Karim BA, Carpenter GH. Salivary Adiponectin and Albumin Levels on the Gingival Conditions of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5261. [PMID: 37047877 PMCID: PMC10094151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the salivary proteomics, adiponectin and albumin, related to weight loss and periodontitis in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. This study included fourteen patients with morbid obesity (body mass index, BMI > 40 kg/m2) who underwent bariatric surgery Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in System Health Public in Brazil. Data on demographic and anthropometric measures were extracted from medical records preoperatively and 6 and 12 months post-surgery. The variables assessed were: probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and stimulated whole-mouth saliva. In this study, saliva samples were analyzed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The ELISA kit was used to measure the MMP8 levels to determine potential markers for obesity. Adiponectin and albumin levels were also evaluated. Weight loss was associated with significant changes in patients' periodontal clinical data. Although 7 out of 10 periodontal patients showed an increase in salivary adiponectin levels after root planning treatment, when analyzed by Western blotting, the increase was not statistically significant (21.1 ± 4.8 to 26.3 ± 9.4 arbitrary units, p > 0.99). There was no correlation between albumin levels and salivary adiponectin pre-surgery, nor 6 months or 12 months after surgery. Weight loss was not improved by low-grade inflammation in bariatric patients, since albumin levels were similar between periods. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that is modulated by several factors, among which adiponectin plays an important role for the treatment of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Houghton
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Figueiredo Meira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Garcia de Moura-Grec
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Belkais Abuuasha Karim
- Center for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Guy Howard Carpenter
- Center for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Periodontal status and whole salivary adipokines after scaling and root planing with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in obese patients with periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103112. [PMID: 36089266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whole-salivary (WS) adiponectin and leptin levels after scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without antimicrobial-photodynamic-therapy (aPDT) in obese and normal-weight individuals with periodontitis remain uninvestigated. This study compared the effect of SRP without and with adjuvant aPDT on periodontal status and WS leptin and adiponectin levels (LAL) in obese patients with periodontitis. METHODS Groups 1 and 2 entailed obese patients without and with periodontitis. Groups 3 and 4 had normal weight individuals without and with periodontitis. Therapeutically, individuals with periodontitis were categorized into test- (SRP+aPDT) and control- (SRP alone) subgroups. All patients without periodontitis underwent routine dental prophylaxis. Clinical attachment loss (AL), gingival and plaque index (GI and PI), probing depth (PD), missing teeth (MT) and WS LAL were measured at baseline and at three months of follow-up. P<5% were graded statistically significant. RESULTS At baseline, clinicoradiographic variables were significantly higher among patients in test- and control-groups in groups 1 (P<0.01) and 3 (P<0.01) versus 2 and 4. In group 2 and 3, LL were significantly high at baseline compared with follow-up (P<0.01). There was no difference in periodontal parameters and WS adiponectin and LL in the test and control-groups at of follow-up. No correlation existed between salivary LAL and clinical periodontal parameters (PI, GI, PD and clinical AL). No correlation existed between age, gender and BMI and WS LAL. CONCLUSION In the short-term, SRP with or without aPDT is ineffective in the treatment of periodontitis in obese patients with periodontitis.
Collapse
|
5
|
de Lemos GM, Resende CMM, Campello CP, Ribeiro IS, Mendes AK, de Lima ELS, de Oliveira RMDC, Barbosa Filho VC, Correia MJ, Muniz MTC. Is oral microbiota associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents? A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4275-4285. [PMID: 36419361 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2140330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to verify the relationship between the composition and diversity of oral microbiota with overweight and obese children and adolescents. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, followed PRISMA 2020, and included an electronic search until March 2022, in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library databases. Studies were eligible if they compared the oral microbiota according to nutrition status among children and adolescents. Independent peers using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists assessed the quality of studies. Eleven studies were eligible to be included in this review, with a total of 1,695 children and adolescents, 224 were obese, 190 were overweight, 1,154 were eutrophics and 127 were underweight. The most frequent phyla in overweight and obese children and adolescents, in comparison to their counterparts were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria. It was identified that nine of the eleven articles selected showed an association between oral microbiota and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. We observed that there is an important association between oral bacterial composition diversity and overweight and obesity. This finding indicates the relevance of the evaluation and surveillance in oral health to control cases of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geisy Muniz de Lemos
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Camilla Porto Campello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Isabela Silva Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Mendes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Portuguese Catholic University, Viseu, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Maria José Correia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Portuguese Catholic University, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Maria Tereza Cartaxo Muniz
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yong J, von Bremen J, Ruiz-Heiland G, Ruf S. Adiponectin Interacts In-Vitro With Cementoblasts Influencing Cell Migration, Proliferation and Cementogenesis Partly Through the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585346. [PMID: 33414717 PMCID: PMC7783624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical evidences suggest that circulating Adipokines such as Adiponectin can influence the ratio of orthodontic tooth movement. We aimed to investigate the effect that Adiponectin has on cementoblasts (OCCM-30) and on the intracellular signaling molecules of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). We demonstrated that OCCM-30 cells express AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Alizarin Red S staining revealed that Adiponectin increases mineralized nodule formation and quantitative AP activity in a dose-dependent manner. Adiponectin up-regulates the mRNA levels of AP, BSP, OCN, OPG, Runx-2 as well as F-Spondin. Adiponectin also increases the migration and proliferation of OCCM-30 cells. Moreover, Adiponectin induces a transient activation of JNK, P38, ERK1/2 and promotes the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. The activation of Adiponectin-mediated migration and proliferation was attenuated after pharmacological inhibition of P38, ERK1/2 and JNK in different degrees, whereas mineralization was facilitated by MAPK inhibition in varying degrees. Based on our results, Adiponectin favorably affect OCCM-30 cell migration, proliferation as well as cementogenesis. One of the underlying mechanisms is the activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia von Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gisela Ruiz-Heiland
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crosson SM, Marques A, Dib P, Dotson CD, Munger SD, Zolotukhin S. Taste Receptor Cells in Mice Express Receptors for the Hormone Adiponectin. Chem Senses 2020; 44:409-422. [PMID: 31125082 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic hormone adiponectin is secreted into the circulation by adipocytes and mediates key biological functions, including insulin sensitivity, adipocyte development, and fatty acid oxidation. Adiponectin is also abundant in saliva, where its functions are poorly understood. Here we report that murine taste receptor cells (TRCs) express specific adiponectin receptors and may be a target for salivary adiponectin. This is supported by the presence of all three known adiponectin receptors in transcriptomic data obtained by RNA-seq analysis of purified circumvallate (CV) taste buds. As well, immunohistochemical analysis of murine CV papillae showed that two adiponectin receptors, ADIPOR1 and T-cadherin, are localized to subsets of TRCs. Immunofluorescence for T-cadherin was primarily co-localized with the Type 2 TRC marker phospholipase C β2, suggesting that adiponectin signaling could impact sweet, bitter, or umami taste signaling. However, adiponectin null mice showed no differences in behavioral lick responsiveness compared with wild-type controls in brief-access lick testing. AAV-mediated overexpression of adiponectin in the salivary glands of adiponectin null mice did result in a small but significant increase in behavioral lick responsiveness to the fat emulsion Intralipid. Together, these results suggest that salivary adiponectin can affect TRC function, although its impact on taste responsiveness and peripheral taste coding remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Crosson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Marques
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Dib
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cedrick D Dotson
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poor Oral Hygiene and High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva Predict the Risk of Overweight and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176310. [PMID: 32872648 PMCID: PMC7504558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine if oral hygiene influences not only oral health but also potentially metabolic disorders such as overweight or obesity. Participants were 94 patients: 40 with increased body mass and 54 with normal body mass. The methods included dental examination, a questionnaire concerning hygienic habits and an assessment of selected salivary inflammatory markers. The new parameter named “cleaning index” (describing the interaction between average time of tooth brushing in minutes and its frequency per day) significantly correlated with Body Mass Index (RSpearman = 0.300). The multivariate regression model incorporating cleaning index, approximal plaque index, receptor 1 for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα-R1) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) had a high power to predict overweight or obesity (AUC = 0.894). Patients with poor oral hygiene (approximal plaque index >40%) were more than eight times more likely to suffer from obesity than patients with good oral hygiene. Cleaning index higher than 4 decreased the odds by about 85%. Oral hygiene habits, adjusted by salivary concentrations of selected inflammatory markers may allow predicting effectively overweight or obesity risk. Early proper dental prophylaxis and treatment could lead to the better prevention of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Araujo DS, Klein MI, Scudine KGDO, de Sales Leite L, Parisotto TM, Ferreira CM, Fonseca FLA, Perez MM, Castelo PM. Salivary Microbiological and Gingival Health Status Evaluation of Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity: A Cluster Analysis. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:429. [PMID: 32850543 PMCID: PMC7411150 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, the investigation of early markers is of clinical importance to better manage this condition. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between salivary microbiota, gingival health status, and excess weight in adolescents. A total of 248 students (14-17 y; 119 girls) were included, free of caries lesions and periodontal pockets. Physical examination included measures of height, weight, and body fat percentage (%BF). Oral examination was performed to gather information on dental (DMFT index) and gingival health status. Unstimulated saliva was submitted to qPCR reactions to quantify Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bifidobacteria, and Streptococcus pneumoniae percentages and the NFKappaB expression. Two-way ANOVA was applied considering group (normal-weight/overweight/obesity) and sex factors, in addition to cluster analysis. Group effect was significant for %S. mutans (partial eta2 = 0.20; p < 0.001) and %Bifidobacteria (partial eta2 = 0.19; p < 0.001), with overweight and obesity groups showing the highest levels compared to normal-weight ones, with no significant sex effect. There was no difference in the frequency of gingivitis, P. gingivalis, and S. pneumoniae percentages or NFKappaB expression between groups. Cluster analysis generated three clusters according to body fat accumulation: "Higher %BF," "Moderate %BF," and "Lower %BF." "Higher %BF" cluster was characterized by higher body fat percentage and higher salivary %Bifidobacteria, while cluster "Lower %BF" was characterized by lower body fat percentage and lower frequency of gingivitis ("Moderate %BF" cluster was the contrast). According to nutritional status, a difference in salivary S. mutans and Bifidobacteria percentages was found, with overweight or obesity adolescents showing the highest percentages than normal-weight ones. Besides, a positive relationship between body fat accumulation and Bifidobacteria count was observed, indicating a possible interaction between oral bacteria communities and weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darlle Santos Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Luana de Sales Leite
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Thais M Parisotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duffles LF, Hermont AP, Abreu LG, Pordeus IA, Silva TA. Association between obesity and adipokines levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:313-324. [PMID: 31482694 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare adipokines' levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva between individuals with obesity and individuals without obesity. METHODS Computerized searches were conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Medline via Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus). Manual searches and a Google Scholar search, limiting the search to the first 100 hits, were also conducted. Two calibrated authors performed the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of included articles. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the University of Adelaide Tool. RESULTS The electronic searches retrieved 929 titles/abstracts. Following the removal of duplicated references, 613 titles/abstracts were assessed. Thirty-four articles were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration in saliva was statistically increased in individuals with obesity compared with individuals without obesity (P < 0.05). By contrast, the meta-analysis showed no difference in the concentrations of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and interleukin 6 in saliva and of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in GCF between individuals with and without obesity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with obesity presented higher levels of TNF-α in saliva than individuals without obesity. TNF-α in saliva sampling may be a helpful marker for obesity. For the other adipokines, no difference was observed, but the limited availability and heterogeneity of data do not allow us to assertively state whether changes of adipokines in GCF and saliva are associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fernanda Duffles
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Hermont
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dąbrowski R, Wdowiak A, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Franco-Martinez L, Muñoz-Prieto A, Szczubiał M, Martinez-Subiela S, Ceron JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A. Serum and salivary adiponectin dynamics in septic and non-septic systemic inflammation in a canine model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 219:109961. [PMID: 31710908 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a 30 kDa protein hormone that has anti-atherogenic properties, being an insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory molecule. Salivary adiponectin concentrations correlate positively with serum, thus, saliva was indicated as appropriate biofluid for its measurement in different clinical situations. However, inflammation was indicated as main confounding factor when evaluating the usefulness and the reliability of determination of salivary adiponectin. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the dynamics of salivary and serum adiponectin in systemic non-septic and septic inflammation using a dogs as a model. Forty bitches were enrolled. Seventeen dogs were healthy (group I, non-septic) and 23 bitches were diagnosed with pyometra (group II, septic). Ovariohysterectomy was performed for all animals. Saliva and blood samples were collected before (D0) and 3 (D3) and 10 (D10) days after ovariohysterectomy. At D0, Group I showed higher serum and salivary adiponectin than group II, although statistical significance was only detected in salivary adiponectin between the two groups at D0 (P = 0.001). In serum, adiponectin was higher on D0 than on D3 and tended to reach pre-surgery values on D10 in both groups. Salivary adiponectin showed similar behaviour to serum in Group I, while in group II salivary adiponectin concentrations were lowest on D0 and tended to increase on D3 and D10. The data obtained in present study describe for the first time the comparative behavior of salivary adiponectin in non-septic and septic inflammation. Salivary, and not serum, adiponectin seemed to mimic better the inflammatory and general health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Gleboka St., 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Wdowiak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Gleboka St., 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria D Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Franco-Martinez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Gleboka St., 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Silvia Martinez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose J Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adiponectin Expression Is Modulated by Long-Term Physical Activity in Adult Patients Affected by Cystic Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2153934. [PMID: 31582896 PMCID: PMC6754935 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2153934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by progressive decline of lung function and chronic airway inflammation. Adipose tissue, through adiponectin and leptin, exerts several effects on energy metabolism and inflammatory processes. This study evaluated the levels of adiponectin and leptin in adult healthy subjects, in patients with CF and their correlation with long-term physical activity. CF patients were divided into two groups (sedentary versus active) based on their regular physical activity over 3 years. Anthropometric and serum biochemical profiles of CF patients and controls were evaluated and compared. Total serum adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by ELISA; adiponectin oligomeric profiles were analysed by western blot. Adiponectin levels were significantly higher while leptin levels were lower in patients with CF than in healthy controls. Furthermore, adiponectin was significantly lower in active compared to sedentary CF (p = 0.047), while leptin was slightly increased in active compared to sedentary CF. In addition, C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower in active than in sedentary CF patients (p = 0.048). Interestingly, only in the active group adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with forced expiratory volume (FEV) 1% decrease/year and FEV1% decrease. Moreover, adiponectin levels negatively correlated with lipid profiles. Our findings indicated that regular, long-term physical activity in CF improves respiratory function, metabolism, and inflammation status. These improvements in patients' conditions are associated with immunometabolic processes involving adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein. Therefore, we propose that both adipokines may be a useful biomarker in the evaluation of metabolic and inflammatory status in patients with CF.
Collapse
|
13
|
Serrano-Piña R, Trujillo-Güiza ML, Scougall Vilchis RJ, Layton-Tovar CF, Mendieta-Zerón H. sRANKL and its correlation with metabolic syndrome parameters in children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:633-640. [PMID: 30252176 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating receptor ligand for nuclear factor (RANKL) has been identified as a ligand attached to the cell membrane of osteoblasts and odontoclasts. AIM To determine a possible association of sRANKL in saliva and serum with the parameters of metabolic syndrome (MS) in paediatric population aged 8-12 years. DESIGN This was a clinical, analytical and comparative study. Students between 6 and 12 years with good oral hygiene were included. Anthropometry, clinical analysis, dentobacterial plaque registration were registered as well as sRANKL in total saliva and serum through the ELISA technique. RESULTS A total of 43 children were enrolled, with a mean age of 9.7 (±0.8 years). Contrasting the groups by the presence or absence of the waist circumference above the normal limit, the difference in serum sRANKL concentration was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). A negative statistical significance was found in the correlation between serum sRANKL and HDLc (r2 = -0.310, P = 0.046). Saliva sRANKL did not show statistical difference between neither gender nor body mass index and was not correlated with any parameter of the MS. CONCLUSIONS A good oral hygiene seems to avoid the effects of MS on the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Serrano-Piña
- Faculty of Nursery, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex), Toluca, Mexico.,Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Yucatan (UADY), Mérida, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hugo Mendieta-Zerón
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex), Ciprés Grupo Médico S.C. (CGM) and "Mónica Pretelini Sáenz" Maternal-Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS), Toluca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Riis JL, Bryce CI, Matin MJ, Stebbins JL, Kornienko O, Huisstede LV, Granger DA. The validity, stability, and utility of measuring uric acid in saliva. Biomark Med 2018; 12:583-596. [PMID: 29873515 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Serum uric acid (UA) is associated with many health conditions, including kidney, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. We examined the validity and stability of salivary UA as a noninvasive measure of serum UA. MATERIALS & METHODS Using serum and salivary UA data from healthy adults (n = 99), we examined the UA serum-saliva correlation, and UA associations with adiponectin and C-reactive protein. Using longitudinal data from young adults (n = 182), we examined salivary UA stability. RESULTS We found robust positive serum-saliva correlations for UA. UA and adiponectin were inversely related in serum and saliva. Salivary UA was relatively stable; 62-66% of variance could be attributed to a latent trait-like component. CONCLUSION Salivary UA may be an important biomarker indexing health and disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Riis
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Crystal I Bryce
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,T. Denny Sanford School of Social & Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Marla J Matin
- Research & Technology Center, Salimetrics, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - John L Stebbins
- Research & Technology Center, Salimetrics, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Olga Kornienko
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Lauren van Huisstede
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social & Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Population, Family, & Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Acute & Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Salivary Bioscience Laboratory & Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pecoraro A, Nigro E, Polito R, Monaco ML, Scudiero O, Mormile I, Cesoni Marcelli A, Capasso M, Habetswallner F, Genovese A, Daniele A, Spadaro G. Total and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin Expression Is Decreased in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Correlation with Ig Replacement Therapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:895. [PMID: 28824624 PMCID: PMC5534466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) is an adipokine widely studied for its beneficial metabolic properties. It circulates as low molecular weight (LMW), medium molecular weight (MMW), and high molecular weight (HMW) oligomers. The latter exerts the most potent biological effects. Acrp30 attracted renewed interest with the finding that it was associated with the development and progression of immune disorders. The mechanisms underlying this association and the role of Acrp30 in the pathophysiology of immune-mediated conditions remain unknown. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by chronic activation of the immune system, impaired antibody production, and imbalanced cytokine production. In the attempt to shed light on the expression of Acrp30 in CVID, we: (a) investigated total Acrp30 and its oligomerization state in CVID patients undergoing maintenance Ig replacement therapy; (b) assessed the effects of Ig replacement therapy on Acrp30 expression in treatment-naïve CVID patients, namely, patients not treated before diagnosis, before and after the first Ig administration; and (c) evaluated the correlation between Acrp30 levels and clinical phenotypes of the disease. As controls, we analyzed healthy subjects and patients affected by a non-immunodeficiency chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), before and after Ig infusion. We found that total Acrp30 and HMW oligomers were decreased in CVID but not in CIDP patients versus controls. Moreover, Acrp30 levels were correlated with IgA levels and were associated with two CVID phenotypes, namely, autoimmune cytopenia and enteropathy. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that Acrp30 modulation is specific for CVID patients. Acrp30 and HMW levels quickly and dramatically increased after Ig infusion only in eight treatment-naïve CVID patients but not in five CIDP patients. This finding indicates that Ig administration per se is not able to induce an increase of Acrp30, but the specific cellular and/or molecular background proper of CVID seems to be essential. In conclusion, our data indicate that Acrp30 is specifically related to CVID activity. Further studies are required to understand the biological role of Acrp30 and its possible use as disease biomarker in CVID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pecoraro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Azzurra Cesoni Marcelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Habetswallner
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Scudiero O, Nigro E, Elce A, Izzo V, Monaco ML, Sangiorgio D, Buono P, Villone G, Daniele A. PPARγ and ADRB3 polymorphisms analysis and Irisin expression in professional water polo players. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
17
|
Riis JL, Bryce CI, Ha T, Hand T, Stebbins JL, Matin M, Jaedicke KM, Granger DA. Adiponectin: Serum-saliva associations and relations with oral and systemic markers of inflammation. Peptides 2017; 91:58-64. [PMID: 28363793 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses gaps in our understanding about the validity and utility of using salivary adiponectin to index serum adiponectin levels. Matched blood and saliva samples were collected on a single occasion from healthy adults (n=99; age 18-36 years, 53% male). Serum and saliva was assayed for adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα), and saliva was also assayed for markers of blood contamination (transferrin), total protein (salivary flow rate) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). We examined the extent to which salivary adiponectin was associated with serum adiponectin, and the influence of potential confounders on the serum-saliva correlation, including age, sex, body mass index, and markers of inflammation, oral health, salivary blood contamination, and flow rate. Findings revealed a modest serum-saliva association for adiponectin, and strong positive associations between salivary adiponectin and salivary levels of inflammatory cytokines, MMP-8, transferrin, and total protein. By contrast, salivary adiponectin was not related to serum levels of inflammatory activity. The magnitude of the serum-saliva association was strengthened when controlling for total protein in saliva, blood leakage into oral fluid, salivary inflammatory cytokines, and MMP-8. The pattern of findings extends our understanding of salivary adiponectin and its potential use as an index of circulating adiponectin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Riis
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Crystal I Bryce
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tracey Hand
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - John L Stebbins
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Marla Matin
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Katrin M Jaedicke
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA; Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ebersole JL, Kryscio RJ, Campbell C, Kinane DF, McDevitt J, Christodoulides N, Floriano PN, Miller CS. Salivary and serum adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels in acute myocardial infarction related to body mass index and oral health. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:419-427. [PMID: 27549083 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is produced by adipose cells and is considered an anti-inflammatory molecule. In contrast, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation and used as a risk marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of interest was the relationship of these two biomarkers to oral health and CVD risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS This investigation examined these two molecules in serum and unstimulated whole saliva of patients within 48 h of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to control subjects. We hypothesized a differential response in these biomolecules resulting from the heart attack that would be affected by both the body mass index and oral health characteristics of the individuals. RESULTS Significantly lower adiponectin levels were observed in the serum of patients with AMI. Serum adiponectin in both groups and salivary adiponectin in patients with AMI decreased with increasing body mass index. Oral health was significantly worse in patients with AMI, and both serum and salivary adiponectin were elevated with better oral health in control subjects. Serum CRP levels were increased in patients with AMI regardless of their oral health, and both serum and salivary CRP were significantly elevated in S-T wave elevated patients with MI. CONCLUSIONS These initial data provide evidence relating obesity and oral health to salivary and serum analyte levels that occur in association with cardiac events. Relationships have been described between CVD risk and periodontal disease. Additionally, various systemic inflammatory biomarkers appear to reflect both the CVD risk and the extent/severity of periodontitis. Our findings indicated that oral health and obesity contribute to altering levels of these salivary and serum analytes in association with cardiac events. The potential that serum and/or salivary biomarkers could aid in evaluating CVD risk requires knowledge regarding how the oral health of the individual would impact the effectiveness of these biological measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Oral Health Practice & Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R J Kryscio
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D F Kinane
- College of Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J McDevitt
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Christodoulides
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P N Floriano
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C S Miller
- Department of Oral Health Practice & Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lopez-Jornet P. Reply to editor: Oral lichen planus: salival biomarkers cortisol, immunoglobulin A, adiponectin. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:466. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine; hospital Morales Meseguer Clinica Odontologica; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| |
Collapse
|