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Simmons AD, Baumann C, Zhang X, Kamp TJ, De La Fuente R, Palecek SP. Integrated multi-omics analysis identifies features that predict human pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitor differentiation to cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 196:52-70. [PMID: 39222876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are advancing cardiovascular development and disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative therapies. However, hPSC-CM production is hindered by significant variability in the differentiation process. Establishment of early quality markers to monitor lineage progression and predict terminal differentiation outcomes would address this robustness and reproducibility roadblock in hPSC-CM production. An integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis assesses how attributes of the cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) affect CM differentiation outcome. Resulting analysis identifies predictive markers of CPCs that give rise to high purity CM batches, including TTN, TRIM55, DGKI, MEF2C, MAB21L2, MYL7, LDB3, SLC7A11, and CALD1. Predictive models developed from these genes provide high accuracy in determining terminal CM purities at the CPC stage. Further, insights into mechanisms of batch failure and dominant non-CM cell types generated in failed batches are elucidated. Namely EMT, MAPK, and WNT signaling emerge as significant drivers of batch divergence, giving rise to off-target populations of fibroblasts/mural cells, skeletal myocytes, epicardial cells, and a non-CPC SLC7A11+ subpopulation. This study demonstrates how integrated multi-omic analysis of progenitor cells can identify quality attributes of that progenitor and predict differentiation outcomes, thereby improving differentiation protocols and increasing process robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Rabindranath De La Fuente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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2
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Taktaz F, Fontanella RA, Scisciola L, Pesapane A, Basilicata MG, Ghosh P, Franzese M, Tortorella G, Puocci A, Vietri MT, Capuano A, Paolisso G, Barbieri M. Bridging the gap between GLP1-receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes: evidence for the role of tirzepatide. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:242. [PMID: 38987789 PMCID: PMC11238498 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tirzepatide is a new drug targeting glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptors. This drug has demonstrated great potential in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes. It can lead to weight loss, better glycemic control, and reduced cardiometabolic risk factors. GLP1 receptor agonists have been proven effective antidiabetic medications with possible cardiovascular benefits. Even though they have been proven to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, their effectiveness in treating heart failure is unknown. Unlike traditional GLP1 receptor agonists, tirzepatide is more selective for the GIP receptor, resulting in a more balanced activation of these receptors. This review article discusses the possible mechanisms tirzepatide may use to improve cardiovascular health. That includes the anti-inflammatory effect, the ability to reduce cell death and promote autophagy, and also its indirect effects through blood pressure, obesity, and glucose/lipid metabolism. Additionally, tirzepatide may benefit atherosclerosis and lower the risk of major adverse cardiac events. Currently, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide in patients with heart failure. Overall, tirzepatide's dual agonism of GLP1 and GIP receptors appears to provide encouraging cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control, offering a potential new therapeutic option for treating cardiovascular diseases and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taktaz
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovanna Basilicata
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Franzese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tortorella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Puocci
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Clinical and Molecular Pathology, A.O.U. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- UniCamillus, International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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3
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Pan Y, Bu T, Deng X, Jia J, Yuan G. Gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a focus on the gut-brain axis. Endocrine 2024; 84:1-15. [PMID: 38227168 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most serious public healthcare challenges, contributing to increased mortality and disability. In the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of T2DM. Mounting evidence suggested that gut microbiota (GM) plays a significant role in the development of T2DM. Communication between the GM and the brain is a complex bidirectional connection, known as the "gut-brain axis," via the nervous, neuroendocrine, and immune systems. Gut-brain axis has an essential impact on various physiological processes, including glucose metabolism, food intake, gut motility, etc. In this review, we provide an outline of the gut-brain axis. We also highlight how the dysbiosis of the gut-brain axis affects glucose homeostasis and even results in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Bu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Brown KA, Morris R, Eckhardt SJ, Ge Y, Gellman SH. Phosphorylation Sites of the Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor (GIPR) Revealed by Trapped-Ion-Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TIMS-TOF MS). J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28030-28037. [PMID: 38091482 PMCID: PMC10842860 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that regulates glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, is a target for the development of therapeutic agents to address type 2 diabetes and obesity. Signal transduction processes mediated by GPCR activation typically result in receptor phosphorylation, but very little is known about GIPR phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for detecting phosphorylation and other post-translational modifications of proteins and for identifying modification sites. However, applying MS methods to GPCRs is challenging because the native expression levels are low and the hydrophobicity of these proteins complicates isolation and enrichment. Here we use a widely available technique, trapped-ion-mobility spectrometry coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TIMS-TOF MS), to characterize the phosphorylation status of the GIPR. We identified eight serine residues that are phosphorylated, one in an intracellular loop and the remainder in the C-terminal domain. Stimulation with the native agonist GIP enhanced phosphorylation at four of these sites. For comparison, we evaluated tirzepatide (TZP), a dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and the GIPR that has recently been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Stimulation with TZP enhanced phosphorylation at the same four sites that were enhanced with GIP; however, TZP also enhanced phosphorylation at a fifth site that is unique to this synthetic agonist. This work establishes an important and accessible tool for the characterization of signal transduction via the GIPR and reveals an unanticipated functional difference between GIP and TZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Rylie Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Samantha J. Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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5
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Chen T, Sun T, Bian Y, Pei Y, Feng F, Chi H, Li Y, Tang X, Sang S, Du C, Chen Y, Chen Y, Sun H. The Design and Optimization of Monomeric Multitarget Peptides for the Treatment of Multifactorial Diseases. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3685-3705. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, College of Regimen and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Huaian 223003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Chi
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Huaian 223003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Huaian 223005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghu Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Du
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Bowker N, Hansford R, Burgess S, Foley CN, Auyeung VPW, Erzurumluoglu AM, Stewart ID, Wheeler E, Pietzner M, Gribble F, Reimann F, Bhatnagar P, Coghlan MP, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C. Genetically Predicted Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Are Driven by Distinct Causal Variants in the GIPR Region. Diabetes 2021; 70:2706-2719. [PMID: 34426508 PMCID: PMC8564402 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in GIPR agonism to enhance the insulinotropic and extrapancreatic effects of GIP, thereby improving glycemic and weight control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Recent genetic epidemiological evidence has implicated higher GIPR-mediated GIP levels in raising coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, a potential safety concern for GIPR agonism. We therefore aimed to quantitatively assess whether the association between higher GIPR-mediated fasting GIP levels and CAD risk is mediated via GIPR or is instead the result of linkage disequilibrium (LD) confounding between variants at the GIPR locus. Using Bayesian multitrait colocalization, we identified a GIPR missense variant, rs1800437 (G allele; E354), as the putatively causal variant shared among fasting GIP levels, glycemic traits, and adiposity-related traits (posterior probability for colocalization [PPcoloc] > 0.97; PP explained by the candidate variant [PPexplained] = 1) that was independent from a cluster of CAD and lipid traits driven by a known missense variant in APOE (rs7412; distance to E354 ∼770 Kb; R 2 with E354 = 0.004; PPcoloc > 0.99; PPexplained = 1). Further, conditioning the association between E354 and CAD on the residual LD with rs7412, we observed slight attenuation in association, but it remained significant (odds ratio [OR] per copy of E354 after adjustment 1.03; 95% CI 1.02, 1.04; P = 0.003). Instead, E354's association with CAD was completely attenuated when conditioning on an additional established CAD signal, rs1964272 (R 2 with E354 = 0.27), an intronic variant in SNRPD2 (OR for E354 after adjustment for rs1964272: 1.01; 95% CI 0.99, 1.03; P = 0.06). We demonstrate that associations with GIP and anthropometric and glycemic traits are driven by genetic signals distinct from those driving CAD and lipid traits in the GIPR region and that higher E354-mediated fasting GIP levels are not associated with CAD risk. These findings provide evidence that the inclusion of GIPR agonism in dual GIPR/GLP1R agonists could potentiate the protective effect of GLP-1 agonists on diabetes without undue CAD risk, an aspect that has yet to be assessed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bowker
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Robert Hansford
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, U.K
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Christopher N Foley
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, U.K
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Victoria P W Auyeung
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - A Mesut Erzurumluoglu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Isobel D Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Fiona Gribble
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Frank Reimann
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Pallav Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Complications Therapy Area, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Matthew P Coghlan
- Diabetes and Complications Therapy Area, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K.
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Incretin Hormones in Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic Disorders: The Clinical Perspective. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020351. [PMID: 33503878 PMCID: PMC7910956 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to grow rapidly worldwide, posing many public health challenges of the 21st century. Obese subjects are at major risk for serious diet-related noncommunicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity pathogenesis is needed for the development of effective treatment strategies. Dysregulation of incretin secretion and actions has been observed in obesity and related metabolic disorders; therefore, incretin-based therapies have been developed to provide new therapeutic options. Incretin mimetics present glucose-lowering properties, together with a reduction of appetite and food intake, resulting in weight loss. In this review, we describe the physiology of two known incretins—glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and their role in obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. We also focus on the available and incoming incretin-based medications that can be used in the treatment of the above-mentioned conditions.
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8
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Gopal K, Chahade JJ, Kim R, Ussher JR. The Impact of Antidiabetic Therapies on Diastolic Dysfunction and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:603247. [PMID: 33364978 PMCID: PMC7750477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.603247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is more prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than previously recognized, while often being characterized by diastolic dysfunction in the absence of systolic dysfunction. This likely contributes to why heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is enriched in people with T2DM vs. heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Due to revised mandates from major health regulatory agencies, all therapies being developed for the treatment of T2DM must now undergo rigorous assessment of their cardiovascular risk profiles prior to approval. As such, we now have data from tens of thousands of subjects with T2DM demonstrating the impact of major therapies including the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes. Evidence to date suggests that both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists improve cardiovascular outcomes, whereas DPP-4 inhibitors appear to be cardiovascular neutral, though evidence is lacking to determine the overall utility of these therapies on diastolic dysfunction or diabetic cardiomyopathy in subjects with T2DM. We herein will review the overall impact SLGT2 inhibitors, GLP-1R agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors have on major parameters of diastolic function, while also highlighting the potential mechanisms of action responsible. A more complete understanding of how these therapies influence diastolic dysfunction will undoubtedly play a major role in how we manage cardiovascular disease in subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jadin J Chahade
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ryekjang Kim
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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9
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Lynggaard MB, Gasbjerg LS, Christensen MB, Knop FK. GIP(3-30)NH 2 - a tool for the study of GIP physiology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 55:31-40. [PMID: 33053504 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a gut hormone impacting glucose, lipid and bone metabolism through the GIP receptor (GIPR). The GIP system has key species differences complicating the translation of findings from rodent to human physiology. Furthermore, the effects of endogenous GIP in humans have been difficult to tease out due to the lack of a suitable GIPR antagonist. The naturally occurring GIP(3-30)NH2 has turned out to constitute a safe and efficacious GIPR antagonist for rodent and human use. To study GIP physiology, it is recommended to use the species-specific GIP(3-30)NH2 peptide sequence, and for human intravenous infusions, an antagonist:agonist ratio of a minimum of 600 with a 20min infusion time before the intervention of interest is recommended. Several studies using GIP(3-30)NH2 are coming, hopefully providing new insights into the physiology of GIP, the pathophysiologic involvement of GIP in several diseases and the therapeutic potential of the GIPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Bank Lynggaard
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lærke Smidt Gasbjerg
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bring Christensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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