1
|
Hridoy HM, Hossain MP, Ali MH, Hasan I, Uddin MB, Alam MT, Kabir SR. Alocasia macrorrhiza rhizome lectin inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria and human lung cancer cell in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell in vivo in mice. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 219:106484. [PMID: 38614377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and antibiotic resistance represent significant global challenges, affecting public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Lectin, a carbohydrate-binding protein, displays various biological properties, including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This study focused on anticancer and antibacterial properties of Alocasia macrorrhiza lectin (AML). AML, with a molecular weight of 11.0 ± 1.0 kDa was purified using Ion-exchange chromatography, and the homotetrameric form was detected by gel-filtration chromatography. It agglutinates mouse erythrocytes, that was inhibited by 4-Nitrophenyl-α-d-mannopyranoside. Maximum hemagglutination activity was observed below 60 °C and within a pH range from 8 to 11. Additionally, it exhibited moderate toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii with LD50 values of 321 μg/ml and showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. In vitro experiments demonstrated that AML suppressed the proliferation of mice Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by 35 % and human lung cancer (A549) cells by 40 % at 512 μg/ml concentration. In vivo experiments involved intraperitoneal injection of AML in EAC-bearing mice for five consecutive days at doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day, and the results indicated that AML inhibited EAC cell growth by 37 % and 54 %, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that AML can be used for further anticancer and antibacterial studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossain Mohammad Hridoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Pervez Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Belal Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Taufiq Alam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Podder MK, Hossain MM, Kabir SR, Asaduzzaman A, Hasan I. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of a galactose-binding seed lectin from Manilkara zapota. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24592. [PMID: 38312555 PMCID: PMC10835259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A seed lectin from Manilkara zapota (MZSL) was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography. Hemagglutination activity, neutral sugar content and physicochemical properties of the lectin were determined and toxicity was checked by brine shrimp toxicity assay. Antimicrobial, antioxidant as well as in vitro anticancer activities of MZSL were also evaluated. Our findings showed the molecular weight of MZSL to be 33.0 ± 1 kDa. Minimum hemagglutination concentration of the lectin was 15.625 μg/ml. With a neutral sugar content of 6.32 %, the lectin was fully active at a temperature range of 30-50 °C and pH 7.0-8.0 and it was mildly toxic with an LC50 value of 107.93 μg/ml. The lectin demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against gram-positive bacteria in contrast to gram-negative bacteria at a concentration of 31.25 μg/ml, agglutinated Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae and exerted fungistatic activity against Aspergillus niger. MZSL dose-dependently reduced the formation of biofilm by E. coli. DPPH assay confirmed its antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 96.42 μg/ml. MZSL showed 21.64 % growth inhibition against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells at 80 μg/ml whereas its antiproliferative potential against MCF-7 and A-549 cancer cell lines became evident with IC50 values of 70.66 μg/ml and 107.64 μg/ml, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munna Kumar Podder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mikail Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - A.K.M. Asaduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mostofa MG, Reza AA, Khan Z, Munira MS, Khatoon MM, Kabir SR, Sadik MG, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R, Kazi M, Alam AHMK. Apoptosis-inducing anti-proliferative and quantitative phytochemical profiling with in silico study of antioxidant-rich Leea aequata L. leaves. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23400. [PMID: 38170014 PMCID: PMC10759211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been important parts of traditional medicine since ancient times, with various promising health effects. Leea aequata (L. aequata), a natural product, has been widely used for treating several diseases due to its promising pharmacological activities. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the phytochemical profiling and molecular docking of the antioxidant-rich part of L. aequata leaves and its antiproliferative activity. L. aequata leaves were extracted with methanol, followed by fractionation with the respective solvents to obtain the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. The cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities were detected using MTT colorimetric and confocal microscopy methods, respectively. Phytochemical compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry analysis. Computer aided (molecular docking SwissADME, AdmetSAR and pass prediction) analyses were undertaken to sort out the best-fit phytochemicals present in the plant responsible for antioxidant and anticancer effects. Among the fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most abundant polyphenol-rich fraction and showed the highest antioxidant, reducing power, and free radical scavenging activities. Compared to untreated MCF-7 cells, ethyl acetate fraction-treated MCF-7 cells showed an increase in apoptotic characteristics, such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation, causing apoptosis and decreased proliferation of HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, gas chromatography mass spectrometry data revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction contained 16 compounds, including methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids, which are the major chemical constituents. Moreover, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (Z, Z) and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) are known to have antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, as confirmed by computer-aided models. A strong correlation was observed between the antioxidant and polyphenolic contents and the anticancer activity. In conclusion, we explored the possibility that L. aequata could be a promising source of antioxidants and anticancer agents with a high phytochemical profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Mostofa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - A.S.M. Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mst Mahfuza Khatoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - AHM Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nurujjaman M, Mashhoor T, Pronoy TUH, Auwal A, Hasan MR, Islam SS, Hasan I, Asaduzzaman AKM, Uddin MB, Kabir SR, Islam F. Antitumor Activity of a Lectin Purified from Punica granatum Pulps against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:193-202. [PMID: 38037833 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206269394231124093423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with various pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer. Punica granatum fruit extract has traditional uses, however, the anti-cancer activity of purified lectin isolated from P. granatum pulp is yet to be reported. OBJECTIVE The goals of this study are purification, characterization of the lectin from P. granatum, and examination of the purified lectin's anticancer potential. METHODS Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange chromatography was used to purify the lectin, and SDSPAGE was used to check the purity and homogeneity of the lectin. Spectrometric and chemical analysis were used to characterize the lectin. The anticancer activity of the lectin was examined using in vivo and in vitro functional assays. RESULTS A lectin, designated as PgL of 28.0 ± 1.0 kDa molecular mass, was isolated and purified from the pulps of P. granatum and the lectin contains 40% sugar. Also, it is a bivalent ion-dependent lectin and lost its 75% activity in the presence of urea (8M). The lectin agglutinated blood cells of humans and rats, and sugar molecules such as 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-manopyranoside and 2- nitrophenyl -β- D-glucopyranoside inhibited PgL's hemagglutination activity. At pH ranges of 6.0-8.0 and temperature ranges of 30°C -80°C, PgL exhibited the highest agglutination activity. In vitro MTT assay showed that PgL inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. PgL exhibited 39 % and 58.52 % growth inhibition of EAC cells in the mice model at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day (i.p.), respectively. In addition, PgL significantly increased the survival time (32.0 % and 49.3 %) of EAC-bearing mice at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day doses (i.p.), respectively, in comparison to untreated EAC-bearing animals (p < 0.01). Also, PgL reduced the tumor weight of EAC-bearing mice (66.6 versus 39.13%; p < 0.01) at the dose of 3.0 mg/kg/day treatment. Furthermore, supplementation of PgL restored the haematological parameters toward normal levels deteriorated in EAC-bearing animals by the toxicity of EAC cells. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the purified lectin has anticancer activity and has the potential to be developed as an effective chemotherapy agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurujjaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjila Mashhoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfik Ul Haque Pronoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Auwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Robiul Hasan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Shohidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Asaduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Belal Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buyel JF. Product safety aspects of plant molecular farming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1238917. [PMID: 37614627 PMCID: PMC10442644 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1238917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant molecular farming (PMF) has been promoted since the 1990s as a rapid, cost-effective and (most of all) safe alternative to the cultivation of bacteria or animal cells for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins. Numerous plant species have been investigated for the production of a broad range of protein-based drug candidates. The inherent safety of these products is frequently highlighted as an advantage of PMF because plant viruses do not replicate in humans and vice versa. However, a more nuanced analysis of this principle is required when considering other pathogens because toxic compounds pose a risk even in the absence of replication. Similarly, it is necessary to assess the risks associated with the host system (e.g., the presence of toxic secondary metabolites) and the production approach (e.g., transient expression based on bacterial infiltration substantially increases the endotoxin load). This review considers the most relevant host systems in terms of their toxicity profile, including the presence of secondary metabolites, and the risks arising from the persistence of these substances after downstream processing and product purification. Similarly, we discuss a range of plant pathogens and disease vectors that can influence product safety, for example, due to the release of toxins. The ability of downstream unit operations to remove contaminants and process-related toxic impurities such as endotoxins is also addressed. This overview of plant-based production, focusing on product safety aspects, provides recommendations that will allow stakeholders to choose the most appropriate strategies for process development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Buyel
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu DT, Li WX, Wan JJ, Hu YC, Gan RY, Zou L. A Comprehensive Review of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.): Chemical Composition, Processing, Health Benefits, and Food Applications. Foods 2023; 12:2527. [PMID: 37444265 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pisum sativum L., commonly referred to as dry, green, or field pea, is one of the most common legumes that is popular and economically important. Due to its richness in a variety of nutritional and bioactive ingredients, the consumption of pea has been suggested to be associated with a wide range of health benefits, and there has been increasing focus on its potential as a functional food. However, there have been limited literature reviews concerning the bioactive compounds, health-promoting effects, and potential applications of pea up to now. This review, therefore, summarizes the literature from the last ten years regarding the chemical composition, physicochemical properties, processing, health benefits, and potential applications of pea. Whole peas are rich in macronutrients, including proteins, starches, dietary fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides. In addition, polyphenols, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, are important bioactive ingredients that are mainly distributed in the pea coats. Anti-nutritional factors, such as phytic acid, lectin, and trypsin inhibitors, may hinder nutrient absorption. Whole pea seeds can be processed by different techniques such as drying, milling, soaking, and cooking to improve their functional properties. In addition, physicochemical and functional properties of pea starches and pea proteins can be improved by chemical, physical, enzymatic, and combined modification methods. Owing to the multiple bioactive ingredients in peas, the pea and its products exhibit various health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-renal fibrosis, and regulation of metabolic syndrome effects. Peas have been processed into various products such as pea beverages, germinated pea products, pea flour-incorporated products, pea-based meat alternatives, and encapsulation and packing materials. Furthermore, recommendations are also provided on how to better utilize peas to promote their development as a sustainable and functional grain. Pea and its components can be further developed into more valuable and nutritious products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yi-Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Recovery and Utilization of Pea Albumins as Acidic Emulsion Stabilizer by Complexation with Dextran Sulfate. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233784. [PMID: 36496592 PMCID: PMC9741183 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, pea albumins (PAs) were efficiently recovered by complexation with dextran sulfate (DS), and the emulsifying ability and stability of PA/DS complexes were studied. The largest amounts of PAs (81.25%) were recovered at r = 5:1 and pHmax (pH 3.41) by forming insoluble complexes; and only soluble complexes were formed at r = 2:1 and over the whole pH range (2.0-7.0). The emulsions stabilized by PA/DS soluble complexes remained stable under acidic conditions due to the highly negatively charge (from -45.10 ± 0.40 to -57.23 ± 0.66 mV) and small particle size (0.168 ± 0.010-0.448 ± 0.004 μm), while emulsions stabilized by PAs alone generated a strong creaming and serum separation at pH 5 and 6. In terms of emulsifying stability, all PA emulsions and unheated PA/DS emulsions became unstable with different creaming index after 14 days storage. SDS-PAGE results showed that the interface adsorption proteins of unheated emulsions mainly consisted of PA1a, which was unfavorable to the stability of the interface. On the contrary, heat treatment (95 °C, 30 min) and complexation (PA/DS = 2:1) enhanced the adsorption of PA2 and lectin at the interface, inhibiting the aggregation of PA2 and lectin. This resulted in long-term stability of the PA/DS emulsions under acidic conditions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kabir SR, Karim MR, Alam MT. Chitinase inhibits growth of human breast and colorectal cancer cells in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vivo. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
9
|
Arfin N, Podder MK, Kabir SR, Asaduzzaman A, Hasan I. Antibacterial, antifungal and in vivo anticancer activities of chitin-binding lectins from Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
10
|
Ghose R, Asaduzzaman AKM, Hasan I, Kabir SR. Hypnea musciformis-mediated Ag/AgCl-NPs inhibit pathogenic bacteria, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells' growth in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vivo in mice. IET Nanobiotechnol 2022; 16:49-60. [PMID: 35015917 PMCID: PMC8918923 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Ag/AgCl‐NPs were biosynthesised using Hypnea musciformis seaweed extract; NPs synthesis was confirmed by a change of colour and observation of a razor‐sharp peak at 424 nm by UV–visible spectroscopy. Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Bacterial cell growth inhibition proves that the Ag/AgCl‐NPs have strong antibacterial activity and cell morphological alteration was observed in treated bacterial cells using propidium iodide (PI). Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, colorectal cancer (HCT‐116) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell line in vitro with the IC50 values of 40.45, 24.08 and 36.95 μg/ml, respectively. Initiation of apoptosis in HCT‐116 and MCF‐7 cells was confirmed using PI, FITC‐annexin V and Hoechst 33342 dye. No reaction oxygen species generation was observed in both treated and untreated cell lines. A significant increase of ATG‐5 gene expression indicates the possibility of autophagy cell death besides apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells. The initiation of apoptosis in EAC cells was confirmed by observing caspase‐3 protein expression. Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited 22.83% and 51% of the EAC cell growth in vivo in mice when administered 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day (i.p.), respectively, for 5 consequent days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ghose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Asaduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kabir SR, Islam J, Ahamed MS, Alam MT. Asparagus racemosus and Geodorum densiflorum lectins induce apoptosis in cancer cells by altering proteins and genes expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:646-656. [PMID: 34582909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A lectin (designated as ARL) was purified first time from the Asparagus racemosus root with the molecular weight of 14.0 kDa containing about 4.8% carbohydrate. ARL showed hemagglutination activity in both mice and human erythrocytes that were inhibited by three complex sugars among the 26 sugars tested. ARL was thermostable that mostly preserved activity at its optimum pH 8.0. Around 48% and 52.5% human colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cells growth was inhibited by 160 μg/ml of ARL and 256 μg/ml of previously purified Geodorum densiflorum rhizome lectin (GDL). Induction of apoptosis in HCT-116 cells was confirmed by Hoechst 33342 staining, caspase inhibitors, but ROS generation was only observed for ARL. The expression level of BAX and p53 genes increased with a decrease of PARP gene expression for both lectins. The expression of FAS and FADD were increased with the decrease of WNT after treatment with GDL. ARL inhibited 68% and 26% of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo in mice after treating with 3.0 and 1.5 mg/kg/day doses for five consecutive days. ARL increased the expression level of NFκB and arrested S cell cycle phase in EAC cells, in contrast, G2/M phase was arrested by ARL and GDL in HCT-116.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Jahanur Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Selim Ahamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Taufiq Alam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Lectins are widely distributed proteins having ability of binding selectively and reversibly with carbohydrates moieties and glycoconjugates. Although lectins have been reported from different biological sources, the legume lectins are the best-characterized family of plant lectins. Legume lectins are a large family of homologous proteins with considerable similarity in amino acid sequence and their tertiary structures. Despite having strong sequence conservation, these lectins show remarkable variability in carbohydrate specificity and quaternary structures. The ability of legume lectins in recognizing glycans and glycoconjugates on cells and other intracellular structures make them a valuable research tool in glycomic research. Due to variability in binding with glycans, glycoconjugates and multiple biological functions, legume lectins are the subject of intense research for their diverse application in different fields such as glycobiology, biomedical research and crop improvement. The present review specially focuses on structural and functional characteristics of legume lectins along with their potential areas of application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Katoch
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176 062 India
| | - Ankur Tripathi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176 062 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rahman MM, Reza ASMA, Khan MA, Sujon KM, Sharmin R, Rashid M, Sadik MG, Reza MA, Tsukahara T, Capasso R, Mosaddik A, Gobe GC, Alam AK. Unfolding the apoptotic mechanism of antioxidant enriched-leaves of Tabebuia pallida (lindl.) miers in EAC cells and mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114297. [PMID: 34118341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers (T. pallida) is a well-known native Caribbean medicinal plant. The leaves and barks of T. pallida are used as traditional medicine in the form of herbal or medicinal tea to manage cancer, fever, and pain. Moreover, extracts from the leaves of T. pallida showed anticancer activity. However, the chemical profile and mechanism of anticancer activity of T. pallida leaves (TPL), stem bark (TPSB), root bark (TPRB) and flowers (TPF) remain unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to explore the regulation of apoptosis by T. pallida using Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cultured cells and an EAC mouse model. LC-ESI-MS/MS was used for compositional analysis of T. pallida extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried and powdered TPL, TPSB, TPRB and TPF were extracted with 80% methanol. Using cultured EAC cells and EAC-bearing mice with and without these extracts, anticancer activities were studied by assessing cytotoxicity and tumor cell growth inhibition, changes in life span of mice, and hematological and biochemical parameters. Apoptosis was analyzed by microscopy and expression of selected apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, NFκ-B, PARP-1, p53, Bax, caspase-3 and -8) using RT-PCR. LC-ESI-MS analysis was performed to identify the major compounds from active extracts. Computer aided analyses was undertaken to sort out the best-fit phytoconstituent of total ten isolated compounds of this plant for antioxidant and anticancer activity. RESULTS In EAC mice compared with untreated controls, the TPL extract exhibited the highest cancer cell toxicity with significant tumor cell growth inhibition (p < 0.001), reduced ascites by body weight (p < 0.01), increased the life span (p < 0.001), normalized blood parameters (RBC/WBC counts), and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. TPL-treated EAC cells showed increased apoptotic characteristics of membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, and caspase-3 activation, compared with untreated EAC cells. Moreover, annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide signals were greatly enhanced in response to TPL treatment, indicating apoptosis induction. Pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling after TPL treatment demonstrated up-regulated p53, Bax and PARP-1, and down-regulated NFκ-B, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, suggesting that TPL shifts the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes towards cell death. LC-ESI-MS data of TPL showed a mixture of glycosides, lapachol, and quercetin antioxidant and its derivatives that were significantly linked to cancer cell targets. The compound, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside was found to be most effective in computer aided models. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the TPL extract of T. pallida possesses significant anticancer activity. The tumor suppressive mechanism is due to apoptosis induced by activation of antioxidant enzymes and caspases and mediated by a change in the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes that promotes cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh.
| | - A S M Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Khaled Mahmud Sujon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Rokshana Sharmin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh.
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Toshifumi Tsukahara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology and Division of Transdisciplinary Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan.
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Ashik Mosaddik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Ahm Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cavada BS, Pinto-Junior VR, Oliveira MV, Osterne VJS, Lossio CF, Nascimento KS. A review of Vicieae lectins studies: End of the book or a story in the writing? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1104-1123. [PMID: 33895178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vicieae tribe, Leguminosae family (Fabaceae), has been extensively studied. In particular, the study of lectins. The purification, physicochemical and structural characterizations of the various purified lectins and the analysis of their relevant biological activities are ongoing. In this review, several works already published about Vicieae lectins are addressed. Initially, we presented the purification protocols and the physicochemical aspects, such as specificity for carbohydrates, optimal activity in the face of variations in temperature and pH, as well metals-dependence. Following, structural characterization studies are highlighted and, finally, various biological activities already reported are summarized. Studies on lectins in almost all genera (Lathyrus, Lens, Pisum and Vicia) are considered, with the exception of Vavilovia which studies of lectins have not yet been reported. Like other leguminous lectins, Vicieae lectins present heterogeneous profiles of agglutination profiles for erythrocytes and other cells of the immune system, and glycoproteins. Most Vicieae lectins consist of two subunits, α and β, products of a single precursor protein derived from a single gene. The differences between the isoforms result from varying degrees of proteolytic processing. Along with the identification of these molecules and their characteristics, biological activities become very relevant and robust for both basic and applied research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benildo Sousa Cavada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Vanir Reis Pinto-Junior
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Messias Vital Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Jose Silva Osterne
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hasan I, Rahman SN, Islam MM, Ghosh SK, Mamun MR, Uddin MB, Shaha RK, Kabir SR. A N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding lectin from Amaranthus gangeticus seeds inhibits biofilm formation and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:928-936. [PMID: 33878355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AGL, a 15-kDa lectin from Amaranthus gangeticus seeds was isolated using ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. AGL contained 8.55% of neutral sugar and became specifically inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Hemagglutination activity of the lectin was maximum over the pH range of 4.0-6.0 and temperatures of 30-60 °C though it lost the activity when treated with urea and EDTA. With an LC50 value of 250 μg/ml, AGL showed mild toxicity against Artemia nauplii. It inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria like Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus when treated for 8 and 16 h, respectively, but lost the antibacterial activity during a 24 h treatment. AGL could not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and mitogenic growth (7.0-9.0%) was observed instead. AGL inhibited 37.14%, 65.71% and 82.85% of biofilm formation of Escherichia coli at the concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml, respectively. Marked inhibition of the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was determined when treated with various doses of AGL. AGL inhibited 65.89% and 81.25% of the in vivo growth of EAC cells in mice at the doses of 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg/day, respectively. Significant alteration of the expression of apoptosis related genes Fas, NF-kB and MAPK were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sharif Nasibur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahenur Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sourov Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman Mamun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Belal Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ranajit Kumar Shaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Islam SS, Karim MR, Asaduzzaman AKM, Alam AHMK, Mahmud ZH, Kabir SR. Trichosanthes dioica seed lectin inhibits Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells growth in vivo in mice by inducing G 0 /G 1 cell cycle arrest. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13714. [PMID: 33817805 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trichosanthes dioica seed lectin (TDSL), having a molecular mass of 57 ± 2 kDa was purified in an alternative way. For the purification process, the galactose-sepharose-4B affinity column was used. The purified TDSL agglutinated human and mouse erythrocytes at the minimum concentration of 8 μg/ml. d-lactose and d-galactose were the most potent inhibitory sugars as observed. The purified lectin was a glycoprotein having 3.0% of a neutral sugar. The lectin exhibited maximum activity up to 60°C and pH range from 7.0 to 10.0 and stable up to 4.0 M urea as tested. The lectin demonstrated mild toxicity when administered against brine shrimp nauplii, and the LC50 value was calculated to be 84.0 µg/ml. Minimum agglutination of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells caused by the lectin was found at the protein concentration of 1.56 µg/ml. TDSL inhibited 7, 50.2%, and 60.3% of the EAC cells growth in vivo in mice when administered with 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg kg-1 day-1 (i.p.), respectively, for five consecutive days. After lectin treatment, red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin levels were increased significantly toward the normal compared with EAC cells-bearing control and normal mice. The tumor burden reduced to 29.5% and 67% after treatment with 1.5 and 3.0 mg kg-1 day-1 of the lectin. TDSL triggered the cell cycle arrest at the G0 /G1 phase, which was observed using flow cytometry. In conclusion, TDSL can be a candidate for the potent anticancer agents that exerts low toxicity toward brine shrimp nauplii. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A 57 ± 2 kDa lectin (designated TDSL) was purified from Trichosanthes dioica seeds using a galactose-sepharose-4B affinity column. The lectin demonstrated mild toxicity and agglutinated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The lectin inhibited 50.2% and 60.3% of the EAC cell growth in vivo in mice when administered with 1.5 and 3.0 mg kg-1 day-1 (i.p.), respectively, for five consecutive days. The lectin increased RBC and hemoglobin level toward the normal compared with lectin-treated EAC cells-bearing, EAC cells-bearing control and normal mice. The tumor burden reduced to 29.5% and 67% after treatment with 1.5 and 3.0 mg kg-1 day-1 lectin. TDSL triggered the cell cycle arrest at the G0 /G1 phase. The lectin can be a candidate for potent anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Shohidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Asaduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahid Hayat Mahmud
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, icddr,b,, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shimu AS, Miah M, Billah M, Karmakar S, Mohanto SC, Khatun R, Reza MA, Hoque KMF. A comparative study of biological potentiality and EAC cell growth inhibition activity of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) fruit pulp and seed in Bangladesh. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2014-2022. [PMID: 33732088 PMCID: PMC7938185 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds have recently gained more interest in biological research as an important source of novel drug candidates. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) is a widely distributed herbal medicinal plant naturally used in Ayurvedic medicine in Bangladesh. The present study focused on exploring the biological potential as well as the inhibitory effect of EAC cell growth with a comparative analysis between Phyllanthus acidus fruit pulp and seed. Crude methanol extract of P. acidus (MEPA) fruit pulp and seed was assessed as DPPH and NO free radical scavengers. While Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, the standard protocol of phytochemical screening and hemagglutination assay were performed successively to determine the toxic effect on normal cells, the identification of some crucial phytochemicals, and the existence of lectin protein. EAC (Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma) cell growth inhibition was determined by hemocytometer and morphological changes of EAC cells were observed by a fluorescence microscope using Swiss albino mice. The IC50 value of MEPA fruit pulp and seed was obtained as 57.159 µg/ml and 288.743 µg/ml respectively where minimal toxic effects on Brine Shrimp nauplii demonstrates that it is a good source of natural antioxidant compounds. Again, MEPA fruit pulp and seed-mediated effective agglutination of mouse blood erythrocyte strongly support the presence of lectin protein. Furthermore, MEPA fruit pulp and seed extract-treated EAC cells showed 65.71% and 28.57% growth inhibition respectively. The fluorescent microscopic examination of EAC cells treated with MEPA fruit pulp has shown more remarkable structural changes in the nucleus than that of seed. Based on the above findings, the present study reveals that MEPA fruit pulp can be considered as a novel biological candidate for the treatment of fatal diseases shortly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmeri Sultana Shimu
- Corresponding authors at: Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh (AS Shimu and KMF Hoque).
| | - Masum Miah
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mutasim Billah
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Karmakar
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Chandro Mohanto
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ratna Khatun
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md. Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Islam MS, Rahi MS, Jahangir CA, Jerin I, Hasan MM, Hoque KMF, Reza MA. Deciphering the molecular pathways of apoptosis using purified fractions from leaf extract of Basella alba through studying the regulation of apoptosis related genes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:85-96. [PMID: 33454909 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the exclusion of abnormal cells without any ruin of surrounding healthy cells. Generally, it occurs through an orderly and autonomously process which is controlled by proper function of various genes. Therefore, the current experiments detect the expression level/pattern of those genes to confirm the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic pathway using Basella alba leaf (BAL). Several fractions after gel filtration chromatography of BAL extract have been pooled to evaluates its apoptosis induction potentiality on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells through conducting a number of bio-assays such as cell growth inhibition assay, fluorescence and optical microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay and gene expression analysis etc. The pooled fractions of BAL showed 12-56% inhibitory effect on EAC cell line at the concentration range of 25-400 μg/ml that was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. They also exhibited excellent cell growth inhibition at in vivo and in vitro condition when treated with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg day. After administration of six consequent days, significant morphological features of apoptosis were observed in EAC cells under both fluorescence and optical microscope which was further supported by DNA fragmentation assay. The polymerase chain reaction amplification of bax, bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), p53, tumor necrosis factor-α, Fas, NF-kβ (Nuclear factor-Kappa-B), PARP-1 (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), Cyt-c cas-8, cas-9 and cas-3 revealed that the experimental sample able to induce apoptosis in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways through altering the gene expression. The current findings suggest that sample from BAL occupy wonderful competence to induce cell apoptosis and become an ideal resource for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Israt Jerin
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zahan R, Ahmed S, Sharmin T, Halim MA, Rahi MS, Sheikh MC, Miyatake R, Zangrando E, Naz T, Islam MA, Reza MA. Synthesis of bis[benzyl‐
N′
‐hydrazinecarbodithioato‐
κ
2
N′
,
S
]nickel(II) complex as a novel lead molecule for cancer treatment. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronok Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
- Institute of Biological Sciences University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Sinthyia Ahmed
- Department of Computer‐aided Drug Design The Red‐Green Research Centre Dhaka 1215 Bangladesh
| | - Tahmida Sharmin
- Department of Pharmacy University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A. Halim
- Department of Computer‐aided Drug Design The Red‐Green Research Centre Dhaka 1215 Bangladesh
- Department of Physical Sciences University of Arkansas‐Fort Smith Fort Smith AR 72913 USA
| | - Md. Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Chanmiya Sheikh
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science Okayama University of Science 1‐1 Riomachi, Kita‐ku Okayama City 700‐0005 Japan
| | - Ryuta Miyatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930‐8555 Japan
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Via L. Giorgieri 1 Trieste 34127 Italy
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang N, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zheng R, Yuan X, Wu M, Bao J, Wu C. A novel mannose-binding lectin from Liparis nervosa with anti-fungal and anti-tumor activities. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1081-1092. [PMID: 32852549 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with nonimmune origin, which can reversibly bind with carbohydrates, agglutinate cells, and precipitate polysaccharides and glycoconjugates. Plant lectins have attracted much attention for their anti-virus, anti-proliferation, and pro-apoptosis properties. Thus the exploration of new lectins has received special attention. Here we purified a mannose-binding lectin from the rhizomes of Liparis nervosa by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, affinity chromatography on Mannose-Sepharose 4B, and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-100. The purified L. nervosa lectin (LNL) was identified to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 13 kDa. LNL exhibited hemagglutinating activity towards rabbit erythrocytes, and its activity could be strongly inhibited by D-mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine and thyroglobulin. In vitro experiments showed that LNL exhibited a comparable anti-fungal activity against Piricularia oryzae (Cavara), Bipolaris maydis, Fusarium graminearum, and Sclerotium rolfsii, and anti-proliferation activity against tumor cells by inducing apoptosis. The full-length cDNA sequence of LNL is 715 bp in length and contains a 525 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 110-residue mature protein. It was predicted to have three mannose-binding conserved motifs 'QXDXNXVXY'. The binding pattern of LNL was further revealed by homology modeling and molecular docking. We demonstrated that LNL is not only a potential therapeutic candidate against tumor but also a new anti-fungal agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ruxiao Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinku Bao
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuanfang Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kabir SR, Dai Z, Nurujjaman M, Cui X, Asaduzzaman AKM, Sun B, Zhang X, Dai H, Zhao X. Biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles inhibit human glioblastoma stem cells growth in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13223-13234. [PMID: 33047886 PMCID: PMC7701582 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles has become increasing day by day. In the present study, silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl‐NPs) were synthesized from Kaempferia rotunda tuberous rhizome extract to evaluate the antiproliferative activity against human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vivo in mice. Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by colour change and UV‐visible spectrum and characterized by TEM, XRD, TGA, AFM and FTIR. K rotunda and recently synthesized Zizyphus mauritiana fruit extract‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited 77.2% and 71% of GSCs growth at 32 µg/mL concentration with the IC50 values of 6.8 and 10.4 µg/mL, respectively. Cell morphological studies and caspase‐3 immunofluorescence assay revealed that both biogenic nanoparticles induced apoptosis in GSCs. Expression levels of several genes were checked by real‐time PCR after treatment with K rotunda tuberous rhizome‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs. PARP, EGFR, NOTCH2 and STAT3 gene expression were decreased with the increase of NFκB, TLR9, IL1, TNFα, IKK and p21 gene that would be the cause of induction of apoptosis in GSCs. The cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase was confirmed by flow cytometric assay. Both nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally to rapidly growing EAC cells for 5 consecutive days. Approximately, 32.3% and 55% EAC cells growth were inhibited by K rotunda tuberous rhizome‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs at 6 and 12 mg/kg/day doses, respectively while only 20% cell growth inhibition was monitored at 12 mg/kg/day dose of Z mauritiana‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs. From the above results, it can be concluded that presently synthesized nanoparticles would be a potent anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Nurujjaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoyue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - A K M Asaduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongjuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Siddika A, Zahan T, Khatun L, Habib MR, Aziz MA, Tareq ARM, Rahman MH, Karim MR. In vivo the antioxidative extract of Averrhoa carambola Linn. leaves induced apoptosis in Ehrilch ascites carcinoma by modulating p53 expression. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1251-1260. [PMID: 32802564 PMCID: PMC7406629 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Averrhoa carambolla Linn. leaves (MELA) using DPPH· and ABTS·+ free radical scavenging assays whereas its antineoplastic effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was assed using viable cell count, life span, body weight gain and hematological parameters of experimental mice. Results showed that rich phenolic and flavonoid content of MELA had moderate dose dependent free radical scavenging activity (IC50: 62.0 μg/mL for DPPH· and 6.0 μg/mL for ABTS·+). In vivo antineoplastic assay, MELA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased viable cells and body weight gain, increased the survival time and restored altered hematological profiles of cancer cell bearing mice. Fluorescence microscopic view of EAC cells derived from MELA-treated group showed apoptotic characteristics and this observation was also supported by overexpression of pro-apoptotic genes coding p53 and Bax proteins in treated cancer cells. The anti-apoptotic genes coding Bcl-2 protein was also absent in treated EAC cells as compared with the control. Moreover, phytochemical profiles of MELA as identified by GC/MS analysis are also consistent with its activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
- Institute of Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Tasnim Zahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Lipy Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rowshanul Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - A. R. M. Tareq
- Environmental and Organic Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rahi MS, Islam MS, Jerin I, Jahangir CA, Hasan MM, Hoque KMF, Reza MA. Differential expression of Bax-Bcl-2 and PARP-1 confirms apoptosis of EAC cells in Swiss albino mice by Morus laevigata. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13342. [PMID: 32578902 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A safer natural alternative to treat neoplastic cells by inducing apoptosis is a prime requisite. Therefore, the current study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of Morus laevigata, a wild-type Mulberry species. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of M. laevigata leaf (MLL) and M. laevigata bark (MLB) were evaluated. The in vivo cell growth inhibition was assessed on Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice model. Fluorescent microscopy and expression of PARP-1, Bax, and Bcl-2 through qPCR were performed to evaluate apoptosis. MLL and MLB extracts show promising antioxidant property with an IC50 value of 186.76 µg/ml and 352.97 µg/ml, respectively, with a decent LD50 value of 99.16 µg/ml and 92.54 µg/ml for MLL and MLB extract, respectively, indicated notable cytotoxicity. Cell growth inhibition was observed using MLL and MLB extracts were 68.33% and 48.66%, respectively. The morphological alteration, DNA fragmentation, and differential expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and PARP-1 confirm the induction of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Plant-based medicine always plays a tremendous role in preventing several fatal diseases like cancer. The study evaluated the anticancer activity of a wild-type mulberry. Moreover, the potent antioxidant activity of the plant makes it possible to be a great candidate for cancer remedy. Besides, the molecular expression of the genes related to apoptosis confirms the plant's bioactive compounds could be a drug lead to neoplastic cells in the future. Presences of an immense antioxidant properties urge that they can be contribute in cancer treatment through the cell death pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.,Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jerin
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tepary Bean ( Phaseolus acutifolius) Lectins Induce Apoptosis and Cell Arrest in G0/G1 by P53(Ser46) Phosphorylation in Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051021. [PMID: 32106533 PMCID: PMC7179131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A Tepary bean lectin fraction (TBLF) has been studied because it exhibits differential cytotoxic and anticancer effects on colon cancer. The present work focuses on the evaluation of the apoptotic mechanism of action on colon cancer cells. Initially, lethal concentrations (LC50) were obtained for the three studied cell lines (HT-29, RKO and SW-480). HT-29 showed the highest LC50, 10 and 100 times higher than that of RKO and SW-480 cells, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, where HT-29 cells showed the highest levels of early and total apoptosis, caspases activity was confirmed and necrosis was discarded. The effect on cell cycle arrest was shown in the G0/G1 phase. Specific apoptosis-related gene expression was determined, where an increase in p53 and a decrease in Bcl-2 were observed. Expression of p53 gene showed the maximum level at 8 h with an important decrease at 12 and 24 h, also the phosphorylated p53(ser46) increased at 8 h. Our results show that TBLF induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells by p-p53(ser46) involvement. Further studies will focus on studying the specific signal transduction pathway.
Collapse
|
25
|
Akev N, Candoken E, Erdem Kuruca S. Comparative Study on the Anticancer Drug Potential of a Lectin Purified from Aloe Vera and Aloe-Emodin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:99-106. [PMID: 31983171 PMCID: PMC7294038 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of Aloctin, a lectin purified from Aloe vera leaves, and aloe emodin an anthraquinone glycoside purified from the leaves of the same plant, on several cancer cell lines was investigated. Methods: Aloctin was isolated from A. vera leaf skin by ammonium sulphate precipitation and CNBr-Sepharose 4B-ovalbumin affinity chromatography. Specific new ligands for Aloctin were detected as fetuin and avidin by hemagglutination inhibition tests. The cytotoxic effect of Aloctin and aloe emodin on various human cancer cell lines was tested using MTT assay. Imatinib was tested as standard positive control. The mechanism underlying was tested by the Annexin V-FITC/PI test, with flow cytometry. Results: The most sensitive cells to Aloctin and aloe emodin treatment, were identified as AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The effect was concentration dependent. It was shown that this effect does not occur by apoptosis or necrosis. In Aloctin-imatinib combinations studies, Aloctin significantly increased the cytotoxic effect of imatinib in a dose-dependent manner. It is expected that the results of this study will reveal important findings for the future use of A. vera lectin as well as aloe emodin in cancer research and contribution to lectin biochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuriye Akev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Candoken
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Erdem Kuruca
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gautam AK, Sharma D, Sharma J, Saini KC. Legume lectins: Potential use as a diagnostics and therapeutics against the cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:474-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
27
|
Antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic potentials of seeds of Momordica subangulata subsp. renigera inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
28
|
Hasan I, Asaduzzaman AKM, Swarna RR, Fujii Y, Ozeki Y, Uddin MB, Kabir SR. MytiLec-1 Shows Glycan-Dependent Toxicity against Brine Shrimp Artemia and Induces Apoptotic Death of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells In Vivo. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090502. [PMID: 31466257 PMCID: PMC6780975 DOI: 10.3390/md17090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MytiLec-1, a 17 kDa lectin with β-trefoil folding that was isolated from the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) bound to the disaccharide melibiose, Galα(1,6) Glc, and the trisaccharide globotriose, Galα(1,4) Galβ(1,4) Glc. Toxicity of the lectin was found to be low with an LC50 value of 384.53 μg/mL, determined using the Artemia nauplii lethality assay. A fluorescence assay was carried out to evaluate the glycan-dependent binding of MytiLec-1 to Artemia nauplii. The lectin strongly agglutinated Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells cultured in vivo in Swiss albino mice. When injected intraperitoneally to the mice at doses of 1.0 mg/kg/day and 2.0 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days, MytiLec-1 inhibited 27.62% and 48.57% of cancer cell growth, respectively. Antiproliferative activity of the lectin against U937 and HeLa cells was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in vitro in RPMI-1640 medium. MytiLec-1 internalized into U937 cells and 50 μg/mL of the lectin inhibited their growth of to 62.70% whereas 53.59% cell growth inhibition was observed against EAC cells when incubated for 24 h. Cell morphological study and expression of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Bax, Bcl-X, and NF-κB) showed that the lectin possibly triggered apoptosis in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
| | - A K M Asaduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rubaiya Rafique Swarna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, School of Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Md Belal Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hasan MM, Islam MS, Hoque KMF, Haque A, Reza MA. Effect of Citrus macroptera Fruit Pulp Juice on Alteration of Caspase Pathway Rendering Anti-Proliferative Activity against Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma in Mice. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:271-277. [PMID: 31341556 PMCID: PMC6629448 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus macroptera (Rutaceae) has long been used in folk medicine in Bangladesh. Considering the folkloric context, this study was aimed to scrutinize anti-proliferative activity of C. macroptera fruit pulp juice (CMFPJ) against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC). The anti-proliferative capacity of CMFPJ was investigated and confirmed primarily using MTT assay. In vivo anti-proliferative aptitude of CMFPJ was investigated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment. Anti-proliferative efficacy of CMFPJ was assessed based on EAC growth inhibition. CMFPJ inhibited EAC growth in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. And the percentages of in vivo EAC growth inhibition were 19.53, 49.2, and 68.9% at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg CMFPJ respectively. CMFPJ significantly induced expression of apoptosis regulatory genes caspase-8, caspase-9, cytochrome-c, and caspase-3. This considerable anti-cancer activity was perhaps due to combinatorial effect of lectin, polyphenols, and flavonoids present in CMFPJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahmudul Hasan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi,
Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi,
Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md. Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi,
Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi,
Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi,
Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Geodorum densiflorum rhizome lectin inhibits Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth by inducing apoptosis through the regulation of BAX, p53 and NF-κB genes expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
31
|
Barre A, Bourne Y, Van Damme EJM, Rougé P. Overview of the Structure⁻Function Relationships of Mannose-Specific Lectins from Plants, Algae and Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E254. [PMID: 30634645 PMCID: PMC6359319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a number of mannose-binding lectins have been isolated and characterized from plants and fungi. These proteins are composed of different structural scaffold structures which harbor a single or multiple carbohydrate-binding sites involved in the specific recognition of mannose-containing glycans. Generally, the mannose-binding site consists of a small, central, carbohydrate-binding pocket responsible for the "broad sugar-binding specificity" toward a single mannose molecule, surrounded by a more extended binding area responsible for the specific recognition of larger mannose-containing N-glycan chains. Accordingly, the mannose-binding specificity of the so-called mannose-binding lectins towards complex mannose-containing N-glycans depends largely on the topography of their mannose-binding site(s). This structure⁻function relationship introduces a high degree of specificity in the apparently homogeneous group of mannose-binding lectins, with respect to the specific recognition of high-mannose and complex N-glycans. Because of the high specificity towards mannose these lectins are valuable tools for deciphering and characterizing the complex mannose-containing glycans that decorate both normal and transformed cells, e.g., the altered high-mannose N-glycans that often occur at the surface of various cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Bourne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Univ, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sultana MJ, Taufiq Alam M, Ahmed FRS. WITHDRAWN: Purification and characterizations of a new mannose specific lectin from Bangladeshi cultivated sword bean with antiproliferative activities against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vivo in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018:S0141-8130(18)32948-9. [PMID: 30502424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mst Jesmin Sultana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - M Taufiq Alam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Fazle Rabbi Shakil Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zahan R, Rahi MS, Sheikh MC, Miyatake R, Zangrando E, Naz T, Islam MAAAA, Reza MA. Design, synthesis and X-ray structural studies of novel [acetonitrile-benzyl-3-N-(2, 4 dihydroxyphenylmethylene) hydrazinecarbodithioato-κ3-N′, S, O] nickel(ll) complex that potently inhibit cell proliferation through regulation of apoptosis related genes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronok Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Chanmiya Sheikh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; University of Toyama; 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Ryuta Miyatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; University of Toyama; 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Islam MS, Rahi MS, Jahangir CA, Rahman MH, Jerin I, Amin R, Hoque KMF, Reza MA. In Vivo Anticancer Activity of Basella alba Leaf and Seed Extracts against Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cell Line. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:1537896. [PMID: 30581479 PMCID: PMC6276454 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1537896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The current treatment options of cancer are radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and surgery, where all of them have unpleasant side effects. Due to their adverse side effects, it is challenging to develop new drug for cancer treatment. Hence, the scientists are trying to seek for noble compounds from natural sources to treat cancer. Therefore, in the present investigation, a widely consumable vegetable Basella alba was subjected to evaluate its antiproliferative effect along with molecular signaling of apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line. Cell growth inhibition was determined by haemocytometer whereas apoptosis of cancer cells were studied by florescence microscope using Hoechst-33342 stain and result was supported by DNA fragmentation and certain cancer related genes expression through PCR analysis. B. alba leaf and seed extract exhibit a considerable scavenging activity in comparison to a standard antioxidant BHT. Moreover, the leaf and seed extracts were able to agglutinate 2% RBC of goat blood at minimum 12.5μg/ml and 50.0μg/ml concentration, respectively. A significant cytotoxic activity was also found in both leaf and seed extract. In haemocytometic observation, the leaf and seed extracts exhibit about 62.54±2.41% and 53.96±2.34% cell growth inhibition, respectively, whereas standard anticancer drug Bleomycin showed 79.43±1.92% growth inhibition. Morphological alteration under fluorescence microscope showed nuclear condensation and fragmentation which is the sign of apoptosis. Apoptosis induction was also confirmed by DNA laddering in leaf and seed treated EAC cells. Upregulation of the tumor suppressor gene P53 and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 enumerate apoptosis induction. Therefore, current study manifested that leaf and seed extracts of B. alba have antiproliferative activity against EAC cell line and can be a potent source of anticancer agents to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 3rd Science Building, Level No. 4, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sifat Rahi
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 3rd Science Building, Level No. 4, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 3rd Science Building, Level No. 4, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 3rd Science Building, Level No. 4, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jerin
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 3rd Science Building, Level No. 4, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Laboratory, Rajshahi 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md. Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 3rd Science Building, Level No. 4, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 3rd Science Building, Level No. 4, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AKY, Kabir SR. Pea lectin inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis in SW480 and SW48 cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1050-1057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
36
|
Joghatai M, Barari L, Mousavie Anijdan SH, Elmi MM. The evaluation of radio-sensitivity of mung bean proteins aqueous extract on MCF-7, hela and fibroblast cell line. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:478-487. [PMID: 29482484 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1446226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women all over the world. Many of these women resist the common treatments. Therefore, it is important to find new products to increase the efficacy of the treatment process. Legume beans, with their various pharmacological properties, can be regarded as a sensitizer when they are combined with radiation. The present study strove to survey the radio-sensitivity effect of proteins isolated from mung bean aqueous extract on the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), human cervical cancer cells (Hela) and the human dermal fibroblast cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mung bean aqueous extract was partially purified by ammonium sulfate. At first, various concentrations of the extracts were used to evaluate the inhibitory activity by MTT cell proliferation assay. RESULTS The results showed that MCF-7 cells and Hela cells were inhibited by an IC50 value of less than 250 and 411 µg/ml, respectively, but it proved to have a proliferation effect on the fibroblast cells. Then, the cells were incubated with 250 µg/ml extract and exposed to 2, 4, and 6 Gy of X-ray radiation. The percentage of the cell survival was investigated through MTT and the clonogenic assay. Apoptosis was measured using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. The results demonstrated that the treated MCF-7 cells and Hela cells had significant radio-sensitivity compared with the results of the control group in radiation dose manner in all MTT, clonogenic, and apoptosis assays. In contrast, the treated fibroblast showed a protective effect against radiation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that mung bean proteins have the capacity to be regarded as a radio-sensitizer for breast cancer. Our results also indicated that it could be worth to investigate on mung bean proteins further and they should be tested in animal models for being treated in radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Joghatai
- a Department of Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Protection , Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Ladan Barari
- b Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | | | - Maryam Mitra Elmi
- b Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran.,c Deparment of Medical Physics , Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Moringa oleifera seed lectin inhibits Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth by inducing apoptosis through the regulation of Bak and NF-κB gene expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1936-1944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
38
|
Antitumor properties of a methyl-β- d -galactopyranoside specific lectin from Kaempferia rotunda against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:952-959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
39
|
Crystal structure of Pisum arvense seed lectin (PAL) and characterization of its interaction with carbohydrates by molecular docking and dynamics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 630:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
40
|
Palharini JG, Richter AC, Silva MF, Ferreira FB, Pirovani CP, Naves KSC, Goulart VA, Mineo TWP, Silva MJB, Santiago FM. Eutirucallin: A Lectin with Antitumor and Antimicrobial Properties. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:136. [PMID: 28487845 PMCID: PMC5403948 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutirucallin is a lectin isolated from the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli, a plant known for its medical properties. The present study explores various characteristics of Eutirucallin including stability, cytotoxicity against tumor cells, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. Eutirucallin was stable from 2 to 40 days at 4°C, maintained hemagglutinating activity within a restricted range, and showed optimal activity at pH 7.0–8.0. Eutirucallin presented antiproliferative activity for HeLa, PC3, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 tumor cells but was not cytotoxic for non-tumorigenic cells such as macrophages and fibroblasts. Eutirucallin inhibited the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo and it was also observed that Eutirucallin inhibited 62.5% of Escherichia coli growth. Also, Eutirucallin showed to be effective when tested directly against Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro. Therefore, this study sheds perspectives for pharmacological applications of Eutirucallin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio G Palharini
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Aline C Richter
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Flavia B Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Pirovani
- Biological Sciences Department, State University of Santa CruzIlhéus, Brazil
| | - Karinne S C Naves
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Vivian A Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tiago W P Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J B Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Santiago
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Coelho LCBB, Silva PMDS, Lima VLDM, Pontual EV, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH, Correia MTDS. Lectins, Interconnecting Proteins with Biotechnological/Pharmacological and Therapeutic Applications. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:1594074. [PMID: 28367220 PMCID: PMC5359455 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1594074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins extensively used in biomedical applications with property to recognize carbohydrates through carbohydrate-binding sites, which identify glycans attached to cell surfaces, glycoconjugates, or free sugars, detecting abnormal cells and biomarkers related to diseases. These lectin abilities promoted interesting results in experimental treatments of immunological diseases, wounds, and cancer. Lectins obtained from virus, microorganisms, algae, animals, and plants were reported as modulators and tool markers in vivo and in vitro; these molecules also play a role in the induction of mitosis and immune responses, contributing for resolution of infections and inflammations. Lectins revealed healing effect through induction of reepithelialization and cicatrization of wounds. Some lectins have been efficient agents against virus, fungi, bacteria, and helminths at low concentrations. Lectin-mediated bioadhesion has been an interesting characteristic for development of drug delivery systems. Lectin histochemistry and lectin-based biosensors are useful to detect transformed tissues and biomarkers related to disease occurrence; antitumor lectins reported are promising for cancer therapy. Here, we address lectins from distinct sources with some biological effect and biotechnological potential in the diagnosis and therapeutic of diseases, highlighting many advances in this growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila Marcelino dos Santos Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Viana Pontual
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Alam AHMK, Hossain ASMS, Khan MA, Kabir SR, Reza MA, Rahman MM, Islam MS, Rahman MAA, Rashid M, Sadik MG. The Antioxidative Fraction of White Mulberry Induces Apoptosis through Regulation of p53 and NFκB in EAC Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167536. [PMID: 27936037 PMCID: PMC5147903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidative fraction of white mulberry (Morus alba) was found to have an apotogenic effect on Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cell-induced mice (EAC mice) that correlate with upregulated p53 and downregulated NFκB signaling. The antioxidant activities and polyphenolic contents of various mulberry fractions were evaluated by spectrophotometry and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was selected for further analysis. Strikingly, the EAF caused 70.20% tumor growth inhibition with S-phase cell cycle arrest, normalized blood parameters including red/white blood cell counts and suppressed the tumor weight of EAC mice compared with untreated controls. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of EAF-treated EAC cells revealed DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and plasma membrane blebbing. These characteristic morphological features of apoptosis influenced us to further investigate pro- and anti-apoptotic signals in EAF-treated EAC mice. Interestingly, apoptosis correlated with the upregulation of p53 and its target genes PARP-1 and Bax, and also with the down-regulation of NFκB and its target genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Our results suggest that the tumor- suppressive effect of the antioxidative fraction of white mulberry is likely due to apoptosis mediated by p53 and NFκB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AHM Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kabir SR, Rahman MM, Amin R, Karim MR, Mahmud ZH, Hossain MT. Solanum tuberosum lectin inhibits Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells growth by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8437-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
44
|
Purification and characterization of a novel chitinase from Trichosanthes dioica seed with antifungal activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 84:62-8. [PMID: 26666429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are a group of enzymes that show differences in their molecular structure, substrate specificity, and catalytic mechanism and widely found in organisms like bacteria, yeasts, fungi, arthropods actinomycetes, plants and humans. A novel chitinase enzyme (designated as TDSC) was purified from Trichosanthes dioica seed with a molecular mass of 39±1 kDa in the presence and absence of β-mercaptoethanol. The enzyme was a glycoprotein in nature containing 8% neutral sugar. The N-terminal sequence was determined to be EINGGGA which did not match with other proteins. Amino acid analysis performed by LC-MS revealed that the protein was rich in leucine. The enzyme was stable at a wide range of pH (5.0-11.0) and temperature (30-90 °C). Chitinase activity was little bit inhibited in the presence of chelating agent EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid), urea and Ca(2+). A strong fluorescence quenching effect was found when dithiothreitol and sodium dodecyl sulfate were added to the enzyme. TDSC showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. as tested by MTT assay and disc diffusion method.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ng TB, Chan YS, Ng CCW, Wong JH. Purification and Characterization of a Lectin from Green Split Peas (Pisum sativum). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1374-85. [PMID: 26304129 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lectins have captured the attention of a large number of researchers on account of their various exploitable activities, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, antifungal, as well as HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities. A mannose/glucose-specific lectin was isolated from green split peas (a variety of Pisum sativum) and characterized. The purification step involved anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column, cation-exchange chromatography on an SP-Sepharose column, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on Superdex 200. The purified lectin had a native molecular mass of around 50 kDa as determined by size exclusion chromatography. It appeared as a heterotetramer, composed of two distinct polypeptide bands with a molecular mass of 6 and 19 kDa, respectively, in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The N-terminal sequence of green split pea lectin shows some degree of homology compared to lectins from other legume species. Its hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by glucose, mannose, and sucrose, and attenuated at pH values higher than 12 or lower than 3. Hemagglutinating activity was preserved at temperatures lower than 80 °C. The lectin did not show antifungal activity toward fungi including Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Mycosphaerella arachidicola. Green split pea lectin showed a mitogenic effect toward murine splenocytes and could inhibit the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlene Cheuk Wing Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chan YS, Yu H, Xia L, Ng TB. Lectin from green speckled lentil seeds (Lens culinaris) triggered apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Chin Med 2015; 10:25. [PMID: 26357525 PMCID: PMC4563850 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The green speckled lentil seed (Lens culinaris) lectin (GSLL) exhibits hemagglutinating activity, and possesses some properties distinct from those of other lentil lectins (e.g., molecular size, biological activities) that deserve further investigation.
This study aims to investigate the basic properties (e.g., molecular size, amino acid sequence, sugar specificity) and biological activities (e.g., antiproliferative activity) of GSLL. Methods GSLL was purified by successive fractionation on SP-Sepharose, Affi-gel blue gel, Mono Q, and Superdex 75. The biochemical properties of GSLL were investigated by SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and sugar inhibition tests. For the biological activities, purified lyophilized GSLL was sterilized, adjusted to concentrations from 1 to 0 mg/mL (by twofold serial dilution) in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with fetal bovine serum, and examined by using the MTT assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting after treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 and CNE2 cell lines with the lectin. Results GSLL appeared as a 21-kDa band in non-reducing SDS-PAGE. It was composed of two subunits with molecular sizes of 17 and ~4 kDa. It exhibited specificity in binding to glucose and mannose, as well as glucosides and mannosides. Mass spectrometry and N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed similarity of GSLL to L. culinaris lectin (LcL), especially higher coverage of the β-chain of LcL. A 48-h treatment with GSLL exerted antiproliferative effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 and CNE2 cell lines with significant inhibition at 0.125 mg/mL (P < 0.001) and 1 mg/mL (P = 0.004), respectively, and these effects were attenuated in the presence of glucose and mannose. GSLL induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 cells, with detectable phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization, and cell cycle arrest. Western blot analysis suggested that GSLL triggered the extrinsic apoptotic pathway involving caspase 3, 8, and 9 in CNE1 cells. Conclusion GSLL possessed some different properties from LcL (e.g., lower pI), and increased caspase 3, 8, and 9 activity in CNE1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yau Sang Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lo Kwee Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide-protein HEG-5 inhibits SGC-7901 cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:242-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
48
|
Islam F, Khanam JA, Khatun M, Zuberi N, Khatun L, Kabir SR, Reza MA, Ali MM, Rabbi MA, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Ap-Menth-1-ene-4,7-diol (EC-1) fromEucalyptus camaldulensisDhnh. Triggers Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Changes in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:573-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Gold Coast Australia
| | - Jahan Ara Khanam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Mahbuba Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Natasha Zuberi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Laboni Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - MM Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - M A Rabbi
- BCSIR Laboratories; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Gold Coast Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Gold Coast Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dias RDO, Machado LDS, Migliolo L, Franco OL. Insights into animal and plant lectins with antimicrobial activities. Molecules 2015; 20:519-41. [PMID: 25569512 PMCID: PMC6272381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are multivalent proteins with the ability to recognize and bind diverse carbohydrate structures. The glyco -binding and diverse molecular structures observed in these protein classes make them a large and heterogeneous group with a wide range of biological activities in microorganisms, animals and plants. Lectins from plants and animals are commonly used in direct defense against pathogens and in immune regulation. This review focuses on sources of animal and plant lectins, describing their functional classification and tridimensional structures, relating these properties with biotechnological purposes, including antimicrobial activities. In summary, this work focuses on structural-functional elucidation of diverse lectin groups, shedding some light on host-pathogen interactions; it also examines their emergence as biotechnological tools through gene manipulation and development of new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Oliveira Dias
- SInova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Dos Santos Machado
- SInova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- SInova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- SInova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kabir SR, Nabi MM, Nurujjaman M, Reza MA, Alam AHMK, Zaman RU, Khalid-Bin-Ferdaus KM, Amin R, Khan MMH, Hossain MA, Uddin MS, Mahmud ZH. Momordica charantia Seed Lectin: Toxicity, Bacterial Agglutination and Antitumor Properties. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2616-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|