1
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Zhao Y, Wei S, Chen L, Zhou X, Ma X. Primary biliary cholangitis: molecular pathogenesis perspectives and therapeutic potential of natural products. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164202. [PMID: 37457696 PMCID: PMC10349375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic immune liver disease characterized by persistent cholestasis, interlobular bile duct damage, portal inflammation, liver fibrosis, eventual cirrhosis, and death. Existing clinical and animal studies have made a good progress in bile acid metabolism, intestinal flora disorder inflammatory response, bile duct cell damage, and autoimmune response mechanisms. However, the pathogenesis of PBC has not been clearly elucidated. We focus on the pathological mechanism and new drug research and development of PBC in clinical and laboratory in the recent 20 years, to discuss the latest understanding of the pathological mechanism, treatment options, and drug discovery of PBC. Current clinical treatment mode and symptomatic drug support obviously cannot meet the urgent demand of patients with PBC, especially for the patients who do not respond to the current treatment drugs. New treatment methods are urgently needed. Drug candidates targeting reported targets or signals of PBC are emerging, albeit with some success and some failure. Single-target drugs cannot achieve ideal clinical efficacy. Multitarget drugs are the trend of future research and development of PBC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Ye L, Fan S, Zhao P, Wu C, Liu M, Hu S, Wang P, Wang H, Bi H. Potential herb‒drug interactions between anti-COVID-19 drugs and traditional Chinese medicine. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023:S2211-3835(23)00203-4. [PMID: 37360014 PMCID: PMC10239737 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. Effective treatments against COVID-19 remain urgently in need although vaccination significantly reduces the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality. At present, antiviral drugs including Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PaxlovidTM), Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir have been authorized to treat COVID-19 and become more globally available. On the other hand, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for the treatment of epidemic diseases for a long history. Currently, various TCM formulae against COVID-19 such as Qingfei Paidu decoction, Xuanfei Baidu granule, Huashi Baidu granule, Jinhua Qinggan granule, Lianhua Qingwen capsule, and Xuebijing injection have been widely used in clinical practice in China, which may cause potential herb-drug interactions (HDIs) in patients under treatment with antiviral drugs and affect the efficacy and safety of medicines. However, information on potential HDIs between the above anti-COVID-19 drugs and TCM formulae is lacking, and thus this work seeks to summarize and highlight potential HDIs between antiviral drugs and TCM formulae against COVID-19, and especially pharmacokinetic HDIs mediated by metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters. These well-characterized HDIs could provide useful information on clinical concomitant medicine use to maximize clinical outcomes and minimize adverse and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Shicheng Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Chenghua Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Menghua Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Shuang Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Peng Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Huichang Bi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
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3
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Bailly C. Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Targets of Alisol Triterpenoids from Alismatis Rhizoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081945. [PMID: 36009492 PMCID: PMC9406200 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 protostane triterpenoids have been isolated from the dried rhizomes of Alisma species, designated Alismatis rhizoma (AR), commonly used in Asian traditional medicine to treat inflammatory and vascular diseases. The main products are the alisols, with the lead compounds alisol-A/-B and their acetate derivatives being the most abundant products in the plant and the best-known bioactive products. The pharmacological effects of Ali-A, Ali-A 24-acetate, Ali-B, Ali-B 23-acetate, and derivatives have been analyzed to provide an overview of the medicinal properties, signaling pathways, and molecular targets at the origin of those activities. Diverse protein targets have been proposed for these natural products, including the farnesoid X receptor, soluble epoxide hydrolase, and other enzymes (AMPK, HCE-2) and functional proteins (YAP, LXR) at the origin of the anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, and anti-proliferative activities. Activities were classified in two groups. The lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerosis effects benefit from robust in vitro and in vivo data (group 1). The anticancer effects of alisols have been largely reported, but, essentially, studies using tumor cell lines and solid in vivo data are lacking (group 2). The survey shed light on the pharmacological properties of alisol triterpenoids frequently found in traditional phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, 59290 Lille (Wasquehal), France
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4
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Zhao Z, Deng ZT, Huang S, Ning M, Feng Y, Shen Y, Zhao QS, Leng Y. Alisol B Alleviates Hepatocyte Lipid Accumulation and Lipotoxicity via Regulating RARα-PPARγ-CD36 Cascade and Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122411. [PMID: 35745142 PMCID: PMC9231195 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide, with no effective therapies available. Discovering lead compounds from herb medicine might be a valuable strategy for the treatment of NASH. Here, we discovered Alisol B, a natural compound isolated from Alisma orientalis (Sam.), that attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in high-fat diet plus carbon tetrachloride (DIO+CCl4)-induced and choline-deficient and amino acid-defined (CDA)-diet-induced NASH mice. RNA-seq showed Alisol B significantly suppressed CD36 expression and regulated retinol metabolism in NASH mice. In mouse primary hepatocytes, Alisol B decreased palmitate-induced lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity, which were dependent on CD36 suppression. Further study revealed that Alisol B enhanced the gene expression of RARα with no direct RARα agonistic activity. The upregulation of RARα by Alisol B reduced HNF4α and PPARγ expression and further decreased CD36 expression. This effect was fully abrogated after RARα knockdown, suggesting Alisol B suppressed CD36 via regulating RARα-HNF4α-PPARγ cascade. Moreover, the hepatic gene expression of RARα was obviously decreased in murine NASH models, whereas Alisol B significantly increased RARα expression and decreased CD36 expression, along with the downregulation of HNF4α and PPARγ. Therefore, this study showed the unrecognized therapeutic effects of Alisol B against NASH with a novel mechanism by regulating RARα-PPARγ-CD36 cascade and highlighted Alisol B as a promising lead compound for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Zhen-Tao Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Suling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mengmeng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
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5
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Wu J, Zheng S, Zhang F, Ruan H, Xue H, Wang J, Li Z, Jin W, Wang W, Xia J, Shi Y. Qualitative Analysis of Drug-Containing Plasma and its Application to Quantitative Analysis and Pharmacokinetic Study of Zexie Decoction Using UPLC-MS/MS. Front Chem 2022; 10:815886. [PMID: 35273947 PMCID: PMC8901485 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.815886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ZeXie Decoction (ZXD) is one of the traditional Chinese medicine formulas (TCMFs) comprising Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. (ZX) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (BZ) in 5:2 ratios and is widely employed in clinical applications since ancient times. In this study, UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS was used for qualitative analysis of ZXD in rats’ plasma after a single oral dose of 750 mg/kg body weight. Afterward, UHPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS was used for simultaneous analysis of three bioactive chemical compounds including alisol A, alisol B, and alisol A 24-acetate in ZXD’s ethanol extract. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the three analytes were investigated in rat plasma utilizing UHPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for the three analytes were at m/z 508.4→383.2 for alisol A, m/z 490.4→365.2 for alisol B, and m/z 550.4→515.5 for alisol A 24-acetate. The analysis method was validated in terms of its accuracy, stability, repeatability, linearity, spiked recovery and matrix effect. As a result, twenty-five chemical constituents of ZXD were putatively identified in plasma, and rapid, sensitive, and accurate methods were established for the quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetic study of ZXD. The findings of this study can provide a scientific base for further study of in vivo pharmacokinetics of TCMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shunliang Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Mudanjiang Youbo Pharmceutical Co., Ltd., Mudanjiang, China
| | - Fangqing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Ruan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Xue
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jingxun Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Shi,
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6
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Yang F, Kim M, Gu L, Li L, Yang L, Wang Z. Stimulation quantification of four natural lipase inhibitors from Alismatis Rhizoma by high-performance thin-layer chromatography method. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Rigalli JP, Theile D, Nilles J, Weiss J. Regulation of PXR Function by Coactivator and Corepressor Proteins: Ligand Binding Is Just the Beginning. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113137. [PMID: 34831358 PMCID: PMC8625645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a nuclear receptor which exerts its regulatory function by heterodimerization with the retinoid-X-receptor α (RXRα, NR2B1) and binding to the promoter and enhancer regions of diverse target genes. PXR is involved in the regulation of drug metabolism and excretion, metabolic and immunological functions and cancer pathogenesis. PXR activity is strongly regulated by the association with coactivator and corepressor proteins. Coactivator proteins exhibit histone acetyltransferase or histone methyltransferase activity or associate with proteins having one of these activities, thus promoting chromatin decondensation and activation of the gene expression. On the contrary, corepressor proteins promote histone deacetylation and therefore favor chromatin condensation and repression of the gene expression. Several studies pointed to clear cell- and ligand-specific differences in the activation of PXR. In this article, we will review the critical role of coactivator and corepressor proteins as molecular determinants of the specificity of PXR-mediated effects. As already known for other nuclear receptors, understanding the complex mechanism of PXR activation in each cell type and under particular physiological and pathophysiological conditions may lead to the development of selective modulators with therapeutic potential.
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Zhang J, Pavek P, Kamaraj R, Ren L, Zhang T. Dietary phytochemicals as modulators of human pregnane X receptor. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-23. [PMID: 34698593 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As a promiscuous xenobiotic sensor, pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays a crucial role in drug metabolism. Since dietary phytochemicals exhibit the potential to modulate human PXR, this review aims to summarize the plant-derived PXR modulators, including agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists. The crystal structures of the apo and ligand-bound forms of PXR especially that of PXR complexed with binary mixtures are summarized, in order to provide the structural basis for PXR binding promiscuity and synergistic activation of PXR by composite ligands. Furthermore, this review summarizes the characterized agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists of human PXR from botanical source. Contrary to PXR agonists, there are only a few antagonists obtained from botanical source due to the promiscuity of PXR. It is worth noting that trans-resveratrol and a series of methylindoles have been identified as partial agonists of PXR, both in activating PXR function, but also inhibiting the effect of other PXR agonists. Since antagonizing PXR function plays a crucial role in the prevention of drug-drug interactions and improvement of therapeutic efficacy, further research is necessary to screen more plant-derived PXR antagonists in the future. In summary, this review may contribute to understanding the roles of phytochemicals in food-drug and herb-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yang F, Gu L, Han Z, Wang Z. Rapid screening for natural lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale combining high-performance thin-layer chromatography-bioautography with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1170:122599. [PMID: 33713950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipase inhibitors are an attractive class of hypolipidemic compounds, which inhibit the activity of human pancreatic lipase, thereby preventing the absorption of triglycerides in vivo. As a library of promising lead compounds for drug development, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained growing attention in quick discovery and identification of enzyme inhibitors of natural-origin. The purpose of this work was to discover unknown lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale by the activity oriented analysis method thin-layer chromatography-bioautography, then use electrospray ionization mass spectrometry technology via the elution based TLC-MS interface to identify their structures. As a result, eleven natural lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale extracts were identified based on molecular mass and fragment ions obtained by HPTLC-MS, and further confirmed by a series of complementary means including UV spectra, 1H NMR characteristic proton signals and polarity of compounds, eleven lipase inhibitors were tentatively assigned as triterpenoids: alisol B (m/z 495.50 [M + Na]+), alisol B 23-acetate (m/z 537.58 [M + Na]+), 11-deoxy-alisol B (m/z 479.50 [M + Na]+), 11-deoxy-alisol B 23-acetate (m/z 521.50 [M + Na]+), alisol A/epialisol A (m/z 513.50 [M + Na]+), 16-oxo-11-deoxy-alisol A (m/z 511.50 [M + Na]+), 16-oxo-alisol A (527.50 [M + Na] +), alisol C (m/z 509.58 [M + Na]+), alisol C 23-acetate (m/z 551.50 [M + Na]+), alisol M 23-acetate (m/z 567.50 [M + Na]+), and alismanol Q/neoalisol (m/z 493.42 [M + Na]+). The integrated approach is an efficient method for rapid screening lipase inhibitors from complex plant extracts and provides a reasonable and favorable basis for the identification and separation of other enzymatic system and other important compounds with therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuzhen Han
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Chen Q, Chao Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Bi Y, Fu Y, Cai D, Meng Q, Li Y, Bian H. Activation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) is required for Alisol B23-acetate to prevent post-menopausal atherosclerosis and reduced lipid accumulation. Life Sci 2020; 258:118030. [PMID: 32739470 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The risk of atherosclerosis (AS) ascends among post-menopausal women, while current hormone replacement therapy exerts several adverse effects. Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A), a tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from the rhizome of Alisma orientale, was reported to show multiple physiological activities, including regulating lipid metabolism. According to molecular docking analysis, it was predicted to bind with estrogen receptor α (ERα). In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of AB23A on preventing post-menopausal AS and explore whether the mechanism was mediated by ERα. In vitro, free fatty acid (FFA) was applied to induce the abnormal lipid metabolism of L02 cells. In vivo, the ApoE-/- mice were ovariectomized to mimic the cessation of estrogen. The high-fat diet was also given to induce post-menopausal AS. We demonstrated AB23A attenuated the accumulation of total cholesterol and triglyceride induced by free fatty acids in hepatocytes. In high-fat diet-ovariectomy-treated ApoE-/- mice, AB23A eliminated lipids in blood and liver. AB23A not only reduced the synthesis of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) through sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) but also suppressed the secretion of PCSK9 through silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Notably, AB23A promoted the expression of ERα in vivo and in vitro. The both ERα inhibitor and ERα siRNA were also applied in confirming whether the hepatic protective effect of AB23A was mediated by ERα. We found that AB23A significantly promoted the expression of ERα. AB23A could inhibit the synthesis and secretion of PCSK9 through ERα, lower the accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol, and prevent post-menopausal AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunhui Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danfeng Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huimin Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Tao Y, Jiang E, Yan J, Cai B. A biochemometrics strategy for tracing diuretic components of crude and processed
Alisma orientale
based on quantitative determination and pharmacological evaluation. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4744. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Enci Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Baochang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine ProcessingNanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
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12
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Feltrin C, Oliveira Simões CM. Reviewing the mechanisms of natural product-drug interactions involving efflux transporters and metabolic enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108825. [PMID: 31553897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) and other worldwide health agencies have recently taken initiatives to encourage the use of traditional medicine and/or complementary/alternative medicine in order to promote well-being and public health. In this way, one of the WHO's concerns is the safe use of these therapies. Phytotherapy is a strategy consisting of the use of medicinal plants (MP) and/or herbal medicinal products (HMP) for medicinal purposes. The use of phytotherapy concomitantly with drugs may cause interactions compromising the expected pharmacological action or generating toxic effects. These interactions are complex processes that may occur with multiple medications targeting different metabolic pathways, and involving different compounds present in MP and HMP. Thus, the aim of this review was to summarize the main MP- and HMP-drug interactions that involve specific transporters (P-glycoprotein and BCRP) and CYP450 enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6), which play relevant roles in the mechanisms of interactions. Firstly, multiple databases were used to search studies describing in vitro or in vivo MP and HMP-drug interactions and, after that, a systematic note-taking and appraisal of the literature was conducted. It was observed that several MP and HMP, metabolic pathways and transcription factors are involved in the transporters and enzymes expression or in the modulation of their activity having the potential to provide such interactions. Thus, the knowledge of MP- and HMP-drug interaction mechanisms could contribute to prevent harmful interactions and can ensure the safe use of these products to help the establishment of the therapeutic planning in order to certify the best treatment strategy to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Feltrin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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13
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Update on FXR Biology: Promising Therapeutic Target? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072069. [PMID: 30013008 PMCID: PMC6073382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a metabolic nuclear receptor, plays critical roles in the maintenance of systemic energy homeostasis and the integrity of many organs, including liver and intestine. It regulates bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism, and contributes to inter-organ communication, in particular the enterohepatic signaling pathway, through bile acids and fibroblast growth factor-15/19 (FGF-15/19). The metabolic effects of FXR are also involved in gut microbiota. In addition, FXR has various functions in the kidney, adipose tissue, pancreas, cardiovascular system, and tumorigenesis. Consequently, the deregulation of FXR may lead to abnormalities of specific organs and metabolic dysfunction, allowing the protein as an attractive therapeutic target for the management of liver and/or metabolic diseases. Indeed, many FXR agonists have been being developed and are under pre-clinical and clinical investigations. Although obeticholic acid (OCA) is one of the promising candidates, significant safety issues have remained. The effects of FXR modulation might be multifaceted according to tissue specificity, disease type, and/or energy status, suggesting the careful use of FXR agonists. This review summarizes the current knowledge of systemic FXR biology in various organs and the gut–liver axis, particularly regarding the recent advancement in these fields, and also provides pharmacological aspects of FXR modulation for rational therapeutic strategies and novel drug development.
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14
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Hiebl V, Ladurner A, Latkolik S, Dirsch VM. Natural products as modulators of the nuclear receptors and metabolic sensors LXR, FXR and RXR. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1657-1698. [PMID: 29548878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) represent attractive targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In addition, natural products are an interesting pool of potential ligands since they have been refined under evolutionary pressure to interact with proteins or other biological targets. This review aims to briefly summarize current basic knowledge regarding the liver X (LXR) and farnesoid X receptors (FXR) that form permissive heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXR). Natural product-based ligands for these receptors are summarized and the potential of LXR, FXR and RXR as targets in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hiebl
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Simone Latkolik
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Luo L, Li Y, Wang D, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li F, Fang J, Chen H, Fan S, Huang C. Ginkgolide B lowers body weight and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice correlated with pregnane X receptor activation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B (GB) is a natural occurring terpene lactone and a selective agonistic ligand of hPXR.
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