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Hu X, Su X. Study of Herbs Cortex Moutan, Poria cocos, and Alisma orientale and Periodontitis. Int Dent J 2024; 74:88-94. [PMID: 37758581 PMCID: PMC10829340 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Chinese traditional herbs Cortex Moutan, Poria cocos, and Alisma orientale are considered to have potential to ameliorate periodontitis, although the possible underlying mechanisms remain mostly unknown. Due to the complex formulation of Chinese herbs, it is important to understand the mechanisms of pharmacologic effects of traditional herbs for better application in modern medical treatment. METHODS Network pharmacology was applied to explore the mechanism of Cortex Moutan, Poria cocos, and Alisma orientale. First we analysed their chemical ingredients using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and identified 20 active ingredients. Then we analysed the target genes of these 20 active ingredients as well as genes associated with periodontitis and found 74 co-target genes. We further analysed the protein-protein interaction network of these 74 co-target genes using the STRING database and enriched the pathways using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. RESULTS The top 10 core targets elicited were vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interlukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1). Using these a network of "herbs-ingredients-targetgenes-KEGG pathways." was constructed. CONCLUSIONS The target and bioprocess network suggested that the pharmacologic effects of Cortex Moutan, Poria cocos, and Alisma orientale may be mainly dependent on their anti-inflammatory potential. Further work is required to eucidate their detailed mechanisms of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Songbei District, Harbin, China.
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Wu Y, Wang X, Yang L, Kang S, Yan G, Han Y, Fang H, Sun H. Therapeutic Effects of Alisma Orientale and its Active Constituents on Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity. Am J Chin Med 2023; 51:623-650. [PMID: 36961296 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cardiovascular diseases and obesity, two diseases posing a major risk to human health, has been plagued by the scarcity of potent and effective medication with fewer side effects. To address this problem, numerous efforts, and some progress, have been made. Among possible treatments are some medicinal herbs; particularly promising is Alisma orientale (AO). In the last decade, an increasing amount of research has shown that AO has some desirable therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Because of its efficacy, natural origin, and minimal adverse effects, AO has aroused great attention. Based on this, this review provides an overview of the latest progress from the last decade regarding the pharmacological and therapeutic effects, molecular mechanisms, and related effective constituents of AO in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Results from the research currently available reveal that active constituents of AO, such as alisol B 23-acetate, alisol A 24-acetace, and alisol A, have been proven to be effective for treating cardiovascular diseases by modulating the lipid metabolism of macrophages, improving the biological behavior of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and enhancing anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, the active constituents of AO can also intervene in obesity by modulating abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and fat decomposition of the body by activating the AMPK- and PPAR-related signaling pathways. In summation, based upon our research of available literature, this review reveals that AO and its active constituents have a great potential to be used as drugs for treating cardiovascular diseases and ameliorating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqi Wu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry Metabolomics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry Metabolomics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 440100, P. R. China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 440100, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Kang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry Metabolomics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry Metabolomics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry Metabolomics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Heng Fang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry Metabolomics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry Metabolomics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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Liao Y, Ding Y, Yu L, Xiang C, Yang M. Exploring the mechanism of Alisma orientale for the treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension and potential hepato-nephrotoxicity by using network pharmacology, network toxicology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027112. [PMID: 36457705 PMCID: PMC9705790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-induced Hypertension (PIH) is a disease that causes serious maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Alisma Orientale (AO) has a long history of use as traditional Chinese medicine therapy for PIH. This study explores its potential mechanism and biosafety based on network pharmacology, network toxicology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Methods: Compounds of AO were screened in TCMSP, TCM-ID, TCM@Taiwan, BATMAN, TOXNET and CTD database; PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, DisGeNET and OMIM databases were used to predict the targets of AO anti-PIH. The protein-protein interaction analysis and the KEGG/GO enrichment analysis were applied by STRING and Metascape databases, respectively. Then, we constructed the "herb-compound-target-pathway-disease" map in Cytoscape software to show the core regulatory network. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were applied to analyze binding affinity and reliability. The same procedure was conducted for network toxicology to illustrate the mechanisms of AO hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Results: 29 compounds with 78 potential targets associated with the therapeutic effect of AO on PIH, 10 compounds with 117 and 111 targets associated with AO induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were obtained, respectively. The PPI network analysis showed that core therapeutic targets were IGF, MAPK1, AKT1 and EGFR, while PPARG and TNF were toxicity-related targets. Besides, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis showed that AO might modulate the PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways in treating PIH and mainly interfere with the lipid and atherosclerosis pathways to induce liver and kidney injury. The "herb-compound-target-pathway-disease" network showed that triterpenoids were the main therapeutic compounds, such as Alisol B 23-Acetate and Alisol C, while emodin was the main toxic compounds. The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation also showed good binding affinity between core compounds and targets. Conclusion: This research illustrated the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of AO against PIH and AO induced hepato-nephrotoxicity. However, further experimental verification is warranted for optimal use of AO during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiling Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen L, Shan C, Kuang W, Zheng X, Lin Y, Ma J, Cui R. First report of spotting disease caused by Fusarium proliferatum infection of Alisma orientale in China. Plant Dis 2022; 107:1939. [PMID: 36058636 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-22-1568-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alisma orientale (Alismatidae) is highly valued for both its pharmaceutical and nutritional properties. The tubers are in Chinese herbal medicine and the leaves and stems for several Chinese delicacies. Intercropping A. orientale and Nelumbo nucifera may increase quality, yield, and other economic benefits. In July 2021, a novel spotting disease was observed in these plants in the White Lotus Science and Technology Expo Park in Guangchang County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province (26.79°N, 116.31°E). The symptom was round to regular black spots on the stems during the early stage of infection. Over time, the larger spots merged, resulting in stem breakage and eventually death. A. orientale spot disease arose in July of 2021, causing approximately 50% of leaves to die, and leading to 10 to 25% yield loss. To identify the pathogenic organism, 5×5 mm samples were taken from affected tissue adjoining healthy tissue, sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 s, and immersed in 0.1% mercury chloride for a further 30 s, before washing in sterile water and transfer to potato glucose agar (PDA) plates. After culturing at 28℃±1℃ for seven days, aerial mycelia were identified. At the start of culture, the mycelia were white but later turned purple-red. Three to five straight or partially bent septa were visible on the macroconidia, which were 28.8(19.1~38.6) ×2.9(1.9~4.0) µm in size (n=50). In contrast, the microconidia appeared glassy and elliptical, with sizes of 9.8(4.9~14.8) ×2.7(1.2~4.1) µm (n=50). These features suggested F. proliferatum (Zhao et al., 2019). To verify this, various primers, including universal ITS1/ITS4, Fusarium-specific EF1T/EF2T, PRO1/PRO2 (Mulè et al., 2004), and Bt2a/Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson, 1995; O'Donnell and Cigelnik, 1998) primers were used for amplification of the 5.8S rRNA/ITS, α-elongation factor, calmodulin, and β-tubulin genes. The resulting sequences were between 99% and 100% identical to those of F. proliferatum in GenBank (accession numbers MW721116.1, KR071735.1, KU604008.1, and MH398186.1, respectively). The present sequences were uploaded with accession numbers of OK047496, OL448294, OL448295, and OM280358, with sequence lengths of 549 bp, 725 bp, 594 bp, and 325bp, respectively. A maximum likelihood-phylogenetic tree was created in MEGA5 based on ITS+TEF+PRO sequences. Pathogenicity was tested by hyphal inoculation. Needles, cotton, and water were sterilized under high temperature and pressure. Five-millimeter punches were taken from infected and uninfected PDA plates and three uninfected stems of A. orientale were inoculated with the pathogen with a fourth used as the control. Plants were maintained in experimental field of the Bailian Science and Technology Expo Park. Infected wounds were gently wetted with sterile water and sealed with sellotape. After 10 days, the infected stems displayed symptoms while the controls did not. The same pathogen was recovered from the infected stems, fulfilling Koch's requirements. This appears to be the only report describing F. proliferatum infection of A. orientale stems. These results are useful for the recognition and avoidance of F. proliferatum infections in A. orientale and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Chen
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Chonglei Shan
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Weigang Kuang
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, NO 1101, Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, 330045;
| | - Xingwen Zheng
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Yachun Lin
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Jian Ma
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Zhimin Road 1101, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, 330045;
| | - RuQiang Cui
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Zhimin Road, Nanchang, China, 330045;
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Jeon SH, Jang E, Park G, Lee Y, Jang YP, Lee KT, Inn KS, Lee JK, Lee JH. Beneficial Activities of Alisma orientale Extract in a Western Diet-Induced Murine Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Related Fibrosis Model via Regulation of the Hepatic Adiponectin and Farnesoid X Receptor Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030695. [PMID: 35277054 PMCID: PMC8839158 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatic adiponectin and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathways play multiple roles in modulating lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and altering various metabolic targets for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Alisma orientale (AO, Ze xie in Chinese and Taeksa in Korean) is an herbal plant whose tubers are enriched with triterpenoids, which have been reported to exhibit various bioactive properties associated with NAFLD. Here, the present study provides a preclinical evaluation of the biological functions and related signaling pathways of AO extract for the treatment of NAFLD in a Western diet (WD)-induced mouse model. The findings showed that AO extract significantly reversed serum markers (liver function, lipid profile, and glucose) and improved histological features in the liver sections of mice fed WD for 52 weeks. In addition, it also reduced hepatic expression of fibrogenic markers in liver tissue and decreased the extent of collagen-positive areas, as well as inhibited F4/80 macrophage aggregation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. The activation of adiponectin and FXR expression in hepatic tissue may be a major mechanistic signaling cascade supporting the promising role of AO in NAFLD pharmacotherapy. Collectively, our results demonstrated that AO extract improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) resolution, particularly with respect to NASH-related fibrosis, along with the regulation of liver enzymes, postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and weight loss, probably through the modulation of the hepatic adiponectin and FXR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Jeon
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eungyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Geonha Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.P.J.); (K.-T.L.)
| | - Yeongae Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.P.J.); (K.-T.L.)
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (G.P.); (Y.P.J.); (K.-T.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.H.J.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.L.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9629 (J.K.L.); +82-2-958-9118 (J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-2-961-9580 (J.K.L.); +82-2-958-9258 (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.K.L.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9629 (J.K.L.); +82-2-958-9118 (J.-H.L.); Fax: +82-2-961-9580 (J.K.L.); +82-2-958-9258 (J.-H.L.)
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Rong T, Chunchun Z, Wei G, Yuchen G, Fei X, Tao L, Yuanyuan J, Chenbin W, Wenda X, Wenqing W. Proteomic insights into protostane triterpene biosynthesis regulatory mechanism after MeJA treatment in Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2021; 1869:140671. [PMID: 33991668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protostane triterpenes in Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. have unique structural features with distinct pharmacological activities. Previously we have demonstrated that protostane triterpene biosynthesis could be regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induction in A. orientale. Here, proteomic investigation reveals the MeJA mediated regulation of protostane triterpene biosynthesis. In our study, 281 differentially abundant proteins were identified from MeJA-treated compared to control groups, while they were mainly associated with triterpene biosynthesis, α-linolenic acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and response to stress/defense. Key enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), squalene epoxidase (SE), oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) and cytochrome P450s which potentially involved in protostane triterpene biosynthesis were significantly enriched in MeJA-treated group. Basic Helix-loop-helix (bHLH), MYB, and GRAS transcription factors were enhanced after MeJA treatment, and they also improved the expressions of key enzymes in Mevalonate pathway and protostane triterpene. Then, MeJA also could increase the expression of α-galactosidase (α-GAL), thereby promoting carbohydrate decomposition, and providing energy and carbon skeletons for protostane triterpene precursor biosynthesis. As well, exogenous MeJA treatment upregulated 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX), allene oxide synthase (AOS) and allene oxide cyclase (AOC) involved in α-linolenic acid metabolism, leading to the accumulation of endogenous MeJA and activation of the protostane triterpene biosynthesis transduction. Finally, MeJA upregulated stress/defence-related proteins, as to enhance the defence responses activity of plants. These results were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 19 selected genes and content analysis of protostane triterpene. The results provide some new insights into the role of MeJA in protostane triterpene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhang Chunchun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Gu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Gu Yuchen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ji Yuanyuan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Chenbin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xue Wenda
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wu Wenqing
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Yang F, Gu L, Han Z, Wang Z. Rapid screening for natural lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale combining high-performance thin-layer chromatography-bioautography with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1170:122599. [PMID: 33713950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipase inhibitors are an attractive class of hypolipidemic compounds, which inhibit the activity of human pancreatic lipase, thereby preventing the absorption of triglycerides in vivo. As a library of promising lead compounds for drug development, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained growing attention in quick discovery and identification of enzyme inhibitors of natural-origin. The purpose of this work was to discover unknown lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale by the activity oriented analysis method thin-layer chromatography-bioautography, then use electrospray ionization mass spectrometry technology via the elution based TLC-MS interface to identify their structures. As a result, eleven natural lipase inhibitors from Alisma orientale extracts were identified based on molecular mass and fragment ions obtained by HPTLC-MS, and further confirmed by a series of complementary means including UV spectra, 1H NMR characteristic proton signals and polarity of compounds, eleven lipase inhibitors were tentatively assigned as triterpenoids: alisol B (m/z 495.50 [M + Na]+), alisol B 23-acetate (m/z 537.58 [M + Na]+), 11-deoxy-alisol B (m/z 479.50 [M + Na]+), 11-deoxy-alisol B 23-acetate (m/z 521.50 [M + Na]+), alisol A/epialisol A (m/z 513.50 [M + Na]+), 16-oxo-11-deoxy-alisol A (m/z 511.50 [M + Na]+), 16-oxo-alisol A (527.50 [M + Na] +), alisol C (m/z 509.58 [M + Na]+), alisol C 23-acetate (m/z 551.50 [M + Na]+), alisol M 23-acetate (m/z 567.50 [M + Na]+), and alismanol Q/neoalisol (m/z 493.42 [M + Na]+). The integrated approach is an efficient method for rapid screening lipase inhibitors from complex plant extracts and provides a reasonable and favorable basis for the identification and separation of other enzymatic system and other important compounds with therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuzhen Han
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang-Dong D, Chuan-Yan L, Bing Y, Yue W, Li C, Liang F, Xiao-Bin J. [Mechanism of Alisma orientale in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:4140-4148. [PMID: 33164398 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200622.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, network pharmacology technology was combined with molecular docking technology and experimental verification to clarify the active ingredients, potential targets and mechanism of Alisma orientale for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), providing a basis for its clinical application. The active ingredients of A. orientale were screened through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database(TCMSP), and the potential targets related to both active ingredients and NAFLD were predicted through protein databases by considering the oral bioavailability(OB) and drug-likeness(DL). The "active ingredient-potential target" network was constructed by using Cytoscape software, and the molecular docking was performed between active ingre-dients and potential targets. KEGG pathway analysis and enrichment analysis were performed through DAVID biological information annotation databases. ClueGO software was used to analyze target GO annotation. Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the protein expression levels, and fluorescent probe was used to detect the reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation level. The results revealed that 7 active ingredients of A. orientale were obtained from TCMSP database and analysis platform, 140 ingredient-related targets were screened, and 59 potential targets were obtained by intersecting disease targets with ingredient-related targets. Molecular docking showed that 7 active ingredients of A. orientale could act on the potential targets including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase(HMGCR) and tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1(PTPN1). In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the potential targets were mainly enriched in inflammatory mediator regulation, insulin resistance, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis and other related pathways of tryptophan(TRP) channel. GO enrichment analysis showed that potential targets mainly affected the biological processes of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, organic hydroxyl compound transport, positive regulation of lipid biosynthesis process, positive regulation of lipid metabolic process. Western blot, immunocytochemistry and fluorescent probe confirmed that the extract of A. orientale could reduce HMGCR and PTPN1 protein expression levels effectively, and also could reduce ROS production level of HepG2 cells. This study systematically revealed the material basis and mechanism of A. orientale in regulating NAFLD through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics, which provided a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the clinical application of A. orientale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Chuan-Yan
- the Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yang Bing
- the Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Wang Yue
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Cui Li
- the Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Feng Liang
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia Xiao-Bin
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198, China
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Ahn SH, Yang ES, Cho HR, Lee SO, Ha KT, Kim K. Herbal formulation MIT ameliorates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Integr Med Res 2020; 9:100422. [PMID: 32489856 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases and is caused by obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. Many studies have explored novel candidates to treat NAFLD using herbal medicines owing to their fewer side effects. In this study, we examined the effect of MIT, an herbal formula comprising Ephedra sinica, Panax ginseng, and Alisma orientale, on the murine model of NAFLD. Methods To evaluate the effect of MIT on NAFLD, we used the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice model. The mice were divided into four groups: control, HFD, HFD with metformin administration, and HFD with MIT administration. Freeze-dried MIT was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline and orally administered for 8 weeks to MIT-treated mice (60 mg/kg) after feeding them with HFD for 16 weeks. Results MIT treatment significantly attenuated fat accumulation, serum glucose levels, and excessive cholesterol. It also reduced the activation of NF-κB, JNK, ERK, mammalian target of rapamycin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in the HFD-induced NAFLD mice. The expression level of enzymes involved in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, acetyl-coA carboxylase and CYP2E1, were clearly reduced by MIT treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent liver damage were effectively reduced by MIT treatment. Conclusion We suggest that MIT is a potent herbal formula that can be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related NAFLD via regulating the levels of serum glucose and free fatty acids, inflammation, lipid accumulation, and ROS-mediated liver damage.
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Wang TT, Li BB, Wang S, Hua P, Chen J, Ying GG. [Concentration-dependent Accumulation and Translocation of PFASs by Wetland Plant Alisma orientale]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:5394-5400. [PMID: 31854611 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201906060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentration-dependent accumulation and translocation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by wetland plant Alisma orientale. The concentrations of PFASs in nutrient solution were 0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg·L-1. The electrolytic leakage of roots, Cu concentration in roots and stems, and Ca concentration in stems and leaves decreased with an increase in PFASs concentration in external solution, while the plants were growing well. The removal mass of PFASs by plants increased (0.87-116.50 μg) with an increase in PFASs concentration, while the removal efficiency decreased (20.1%-2.9%). The PFASs concentration in plant roots, stems, and leaves increased linearly with that in nutrient solution, and fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Michaelis-Menten equation well, which indicated PFASs were uptaken through passive diffusion. The root concentration factor, stem concentration factor, transpiration stream concentration factor, and partition limited quasi-equilibrium factor αpt decreased with that of PFASs in nutrient solution, probably due to the increase in the volume of transpiration water and the longer time to reach equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Tuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Environmental Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- Environmental Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei Hua
- Environmental Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Environmental Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Environmental Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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11
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Liu QZ, Gu W, Wu QN, Chao JG, Sang XH, Liu Q, Wang XH. [Prokaryotic expression, functional identification of squalene synthase in Alisma orientale and its immunoassay study]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 42:3733-3738. [PMID: 29235288 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2017.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Squalene synthase of Alisma orientale catalyzes farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to form squalene, which is the key regulatory enzyme of the carbon source flow to protostane triterpenes biosynthesis. For further research on the function and expression of AoSS gene, the open reading frame (ORF) of squalene synthase gene (accession no. JX866770) from A. orientale was subcloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pCzn1 and induced the expression of AoSS gene in Escherichia coli BL21(Roseta). The fusion protein was mainly in the form of inclusion bodies and purified to obtain high purity protein. By verifying its functionality through vitro enzymatic reaction, the results showed that the catalytic protein had the catalytic activity of FPP into squalene. In order to research the expression of AoSS in A. orientale, the purified protein was used to immunized rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody which was then purified, the titer of the antibody was greater than 1∶51 200 by ELISA detection, and displayed good specificity by Western blotting. The prepared antibody was used for immunoassay of AoSS in different organs of A. orientale, and the results showed that the AoSS expression level was the highest in tubers, followed by leaves, and lowest in root. Successful construction of prokaryotic expression vector, validation of gene functions and establishment of rapid immunoassay lay the foundation for further researches on the function and regulation of AoSS gene, and also provide scientific basis on the application of the protostane triterpenes of A. orientale in the field of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Nan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Sang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Hao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Xu L, Jing M, Yang L, Jin L, Gong P, Lu J, Lin H, Wang J, Cao Q, Jiang Y. The Alisma and Rhizoma decoction abates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver injuries in mice by modulating oxidative stress and autophagy. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:92. [PMID: 31035991 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of the Alisma and Rhizoma decoction on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and to further shed light on the underlying mechanisms of the actions of the Alisma and Rhizoma decoction. Methods Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) content was determined and liver inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated. Intrahepatocellular malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase contents were determined using commercially available kits Furthermore, α-SMA expression in liver tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry and LC3-II was detected by immunoblotting assays. Results Mice receiving the Alisma and Rhizoma decoction by gastric lavage had significantly lower plasma ALT content and markedly higher hepatic superoxide dismutase activity than mice receiving the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet. Furthermore, the decoction aborted MCD-induced increase in liver malondialdehyde content. Immunohistochemistry showed that the decoction suppressed hepatic α-SMA expression. Our transmission electronic microscopy revealed that the decoction markedly reduced the number of autophagosomes and immunoblotting assays showed that the decoction caused a dose-dependent decrease in LC3-II in hepatic tissues. Conclusion The Alisma and Rhizoma decoction lessens NASH-associated liver injuries by modulating oxidative stress and autophagy in hepatocytes of mice fed with MCD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2488-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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13
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Zhang YM, Sun FL, Lu XH, Li LS, Xu XM, Lin WJ, Xu RQ. [Correlation study between accumulation of triterpenoids and expression of relative genes in Alisma orientale]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:942-947. [PMID: 30989853 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181226.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To research the correlation between accumulation of triterpenoids and expression of key enzymes genes in triterpenoid biosynthesis of Alisma orientale,the study utilized UPLC-MS/MS method to detect eight triterpenoids content in the tuber of A. orientale from different growth stages,including alisol A,alisol A 24 acetate,alisol B,alisol B 23 acetate,alisol C 23 acetate,alisol F,alisol F 24 acetate and alisol G,and then the Real time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of key enzymes genes HMGR and FPPS in triterpenoid biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive relation between the total growth of these eight triterpenoids and the average relative expression of HMGR and FPPS(HMGR: r = 0. 998,P<0. 01; FPPS: r = 0. 957,P<0. 05),respectively. Therefore,the study preliminarily determined that HMGR and FPPS genes could regulate the biosynthesis of triterpenoids in A. orientale,which laid a foundation for further research on the biosynthesis and regulation mechanism of triterpenoids in A. orientale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Zhang
- Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing Fuzhou 350001,China
| | - Feng-Ling Sun
- Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing Fuzhou 350001,China
| | - Xue-Hua Lu
- Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing Fuzhou 350001,China
| | - Li-Sha Li
- Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing Fuzhou 350001,China
| | - Xiao-Mei Xu
- Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing Fuzhou 350001,China
| | - Wen-Jin Lin
- Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing Fuzhou 350001,China
| | - Rong-Qing Xu
- Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing Fuzhou 350001,China
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14
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Liao M, Shang H, Li Y, Li T, Wang M, Zheng Y, Hou W, Liu C. An integrated approach to uncover quality marker underlying the effects of Alisma orientale on lipid metabolism, using chemical analysis and network pharmacology. Phytomedicine 2018; 45:93-104. [PMID: 29705003 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality control of traditional Chinese medicines is currently a great concern, due to the correlation between the quality control indicators and clinic effect is often questionable. According to the "multi-components and multi-targets" property of TCMs, a new special quality and bioactivity evaluation system is urgently needed. PURPOSE Present study adopted an integrated approach to provide new insights relating to uncover quality marker underlying the effects of Alisma orientale (AO) on lipid metabolism. METHODS In this paper, guided by the concept of the quality marker (Q-marker), an integrated strategies "effect-compound-target-fingerprint" was established to discovery and screen the potential quality marker of AO based on network pharmacology and chemical analysis. Firstly, a bioactivity evaluation was performed to screen the main active fractions. Then the chemical compositions were rapidly identified by chemical analysis. Next, networks were constructed to illuminate the interactions between these component and their targets for lipid metabolism, and the potential Q-marker of AO was initially screened. Finally, the activity of the Q-markers was validated in vitro. RESULTS 50% ethanol extract fraction was found to have the strongest lipid-lowering activity. Then, the network pharmacology was used to clarify the unique relationship between the Q-markers and their integral pharmacological action. CONCLUSION Combined with the results obtained, five active ingredients in the 50% ethanol extract fraction were given special considerations to be representative Q-markers: Alisol A, Alisol B, Alisol A 23-acetate, Alisol B 23-acetate and Alisol A 24-acetate, respectively. The chromatographic fingerprints based Q-marker was establishment. The integrated Q-marker screen may offer an alternative quality assessment of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoliang Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China.
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Huo XK, Liu J, Yu ZL, Wang YF, Wang C, Tian XG, Ning J, Feng L, Sun CP, Zhang BJ, Ma XC. Alisma orientale extract exerts the reversing cholestasis effect by activation of farnesoid X receptor. Phytomedicine 2018; 42:34-42. [PMID: 29655695 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis is a clinical syndrome of liver damage that is caused by accumulation of bile acids in the liver and systemic circulation. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) can regulate synthesis, metabolism, and excretion of bile acids. The rhizomes of Alisma orientale is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine to treat edema, obesity, gonorrhea, leukorrhea, diarrhea, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes in China. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We hypothesized Alisma orientale extract (AOE) to exert hepatoprotective effect against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced cholestasis in rat. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of AOE. STUDY DESIGN Male Sprague Dawley rats with intrahepatic cholestasis induced by ANIT were treated with AOE (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg). Rats receiving vehicle (0.5% CMC-Na) served as control. METHODS 48 h after ANIT administration, rats were sacrificed. Blood was collected to obtain serum and livers were removed for histopathology and protein preparation. Biochemical indicators in serum were determined using commercial kits and triterpenoids were determined by liquid chromatography tandem Qtrap mass spectrometry. Proteomics was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem ion-trap mass spectrometry. The differently expressed proteins were analyzed via the network database and verified by western blotting. The interaction between triterpenoids and FXR were evaluated by luciferase assay and molecular docking. RESULTS AOE treatment significantly decreased the serum AST, ALT, TBIL, and intrahepatic TBA and improved the liver pathologic change induced by ANIT. Proteomics analysis indicated that AOE regulated proteins related to bile acid homeostasis via activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway. Luciferase assay and molecular docking results indicated that triterpenoids could activate FXR, which resulting in ameliorative accumulation of bile acids in the liver by increase of metabolism and transportation for bile acids, and decrease of synthesis for bile acids. CONCLUSION AOE protected against rat liver injury and cholestasis induced by ANIT by activation of farnesoid X receptor, suggesting that A. orientale could be regarded as a potential hepatoprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China; Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Basic Medical College, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China.
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Kanno Y, Yatsu T, Yamashita N, Zhao S, Li W, Imai M, Kashima M, Inouye Y, Nemoto K, Koike K. Alisol B 23-acetate from the rhizomes of Alisma orientale is a natural agonist of the human pregnane X receptor. Phytomedicine 2017; 26:22-27. [PMID: 28257661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a key regulator of the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes. PXR has been studied for its importance in drug-drug or herb-drug interactions, and it is also a molecular target for the treatment of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. PURPOSE This study aims to determine new natural PXR-ligands from traditional plant medicines. METHODS The PXR activation activity was measured by a mammalian one hybrid assay of PXR. Identification of the active compound from Alisma rhizome (the rhizomes of Alisma orientale) was carried out by bioassay-guided fractionation method. The transcriptional activity of the liver-enriched nuclear receptors was measured by the luciferase reporter assay. The interaction between the SRC-1 and PXR was measured by a mammalian 2-hybrid assay. The expression of endogenous CYP3A4 mRNA in both cultured hPXR-overexpressing hepatoma cells and human primary hepatocytes were measured by quantitative RT-PCR method. RESULTS The extract of Alisma rhizome showed the most potent activation activity by screening of a library of medicinal plant extracts. Alisol B 23-acetate (ABA) was identified to be the active compound of Alisma rhizome. ABA caused a concentration-dependent increase on the PXR-dependent transactivation of a luciferase reporter gene, but did not affect the ligand binding activity of the liver-enriched nuclear receptors, such as CAR, LXR, FXR, PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, emphasizing that ABA is a potent and specific agonist of PXR. With ABA treatment, the direct interaction between the ligand-binding domain of PXR and the receptor interaction domain of SRC1 was observed. ABA also induced the expression of endogenous CYP3A4 mRNA in both cultured hPXR-overexpressing hepatoma cells and human primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Since the rhizomes of Alisma orientale are used for a wide range of ailments in traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese Kampo medicine, this study could possibly extend into the clinical usage of these medicines via the mechanism of PXR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kanno
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Tomofumi Yatsu
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Imai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Manami Kashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Inouye
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Ma Q, Han L, Bi X, Wang X, Mu Y, Guan P, Li L, Huang X. Structures and biological activities of the triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids from Alisma orientale. Phytochemistry 2016; 131:150-157. [PMID: 27615692 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen triterpenoids and nine sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the rhizome of Alisma orientale. Structures of 16-oxo-11-anhydroalisol A 24-acetate, 13β,17β-epoxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-alisol A 23-oic acid, 1αH,5αH-guaia-6-ene-4β,10β-diol, and alisguaiaone were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. The cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of isolated terpenoids were evaluated. Triterpenoids alisol A, alisol A 24-acetate, 25-O-ethylalisol A, 11-deoxyalisol A, alisol E 24-acetate, alisol G, alisol B 23-acetate and sesquiterpenoids 1αH,5αH-guaia-6-ene-4β,10β-diol, 10-hydroxy-7,10-epoxysalvialane exhibited cytotoxicities against the three tested human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 11.5 ± 1.7 μM to 76.7 ± 1.4 μM. Triterpenoids alisol A, 25-O-ethylalisol A, 11-deoxyalisol A, alisol E 24-acetate, alisol G, and 25-anhydroalisol F showed antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive strains Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 12.5-100 μg/mL. Sesquiterpenoid 4β,10β-dihydroxy-1αH,5βH-guaia-6-ene exhibited antibacterial activity against B. subtilis with an MIC value of 50 μg/mL, and 10-hydroxy-7,10-epoxysalvialane exhibited activity against S. aureus with an MIC value of 100 μg/mL. Compounds 16-oxo-11-anhydroalisol A 24-acetate, alisol F, 25-anhydroalisol F, and alisguaiaone exhibited inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. None of the compounds showed obvious inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Ma
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxu Bi
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Peipei Guan
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China.
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Jeong HS, Cho YH, Kim KH, Kim Y, Kim KS, Na YC, Park J, Lee IS, Lee JH, Jang HJ. Anti-lipoapoptotic effects of Alisma orientalis extract on non-esterified fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:239. [PMID: 27456850 PMCID: PMC4960791 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver steatosis was caused by lipid accumulation in the liver. Alisma orientale (AO) is recognized as a promising candidate with therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). HepG2 hepatocyte cell line is commonly used for liver disease cell model. Method The HepG2 cells were cultured with the NEFAs mixture (oleic and palmitic acids, 2:1 ratio) for 24 h to induce hepatic steatosis. Then different doses of Alisma orientale extract (AOE) was treated to HepG2 for 24 h. Incubated cells were used for further experiments. Results The AOE showed inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation in the Oil Red O staining and Nile red staining tests with no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 300 μg/mL. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) mRNA and protein expression level were down-regulated after AOE treatment. Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mRNA expression level were decreased as well as p-JNK (activated form of JNK), Bax, cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3 protein expression level. Anti-apopototic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein level increased after AOE treatment. In addition, inflammatory protein expression including p-p65, p65, COX-2 and iNOS were inhibited by AOE treatment. Conclusion The results suggest that AOE has anti-steatosis effects that involve lipogenesis, anti-lipoapoptosis, and anti-inflammation in the NEFA-induced NAFLD pathological cell model.
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Jang MK, Han YR, Nam JS, Han CW, Kim BJ, Jeong HS, Ha KT, Jung MH. Protective Effects of Alisma orientale Extract against Hepatic Steatosis via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26151-65. [PMID: 26540043 PMCID: PMC4661803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Alisma orientale Juzepzuk is a traditional medicinal herb for diuretics, diabetes, hepatitis, and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of the tuber of Alisma orientale (MEAO) against ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro and in vivo. MEAO inhibited the tunicamycin-induced increase in luciferase activity of ER stress-reporter constructs containing ER stress response element and ATF6 response element. MEAO significantly inhibited tunicamycin-induced ER stress marker expression including GRP78, CHOP, and XBP-1 in tunicamycin-treated Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and the livers of tunicamycin-injected mice. It also inhibited tunicamycin-induced accumulation of cellular triglyceride. Similar observations were made under physiological ER stress conditions such as in palmitate (PA)-treated HepG2 cells and the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. MEAO repressed hepatic lipogenic gene expression in PA-treated HepG2 cells and the livers of HFD obese mice. Furthermore, MEAO repressed very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) expression and improved ApoB secretion in the livers of tunicamycin-injected mice or HFD obese mice as well as in tunicamycin or PA-treated HepG2 cells. Alismol, a guaiane-type sesquiterpenes in Alisma orientale, inhibited GRP78 expression in tunicamycin-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, MEAO attenuates ER stress and prevents hepatic steatosis pathogenesis via inhibition of expression of the hepatic lipogenic genes and VLDLR, and enhancement of ApoB secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Jang
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Ran Han
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Jeong Soo Nam
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Chang Woo Han
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8468; Fax: +82-51-510-8437
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