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Čater M, Bombek LK. Protective Role of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins against Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081473. [PMID: 36009191 PMCID: PMC9404801 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA and other biomolecules plays an important role in the etiology of aging and age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is especially sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the accumulation of mtDNA damage impairs normal cellular function and leads to a bioenergetic crisis that accelerates aging and associated diseases. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction decreases ATP production, which directly affects insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and triggers the gradual development of the chronic metabolic dysfunction that characterizes T2D. At the same time, decreased glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle due to mitochondrial damage leads to prolonged postprandial blood glucose rise, which further worsens glucose homeostasis. ROS are not only highly reactive by-products of mitochondrial respiration capable of oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids but can also function as signaling and effector molecules in cell membranes mediating signal transduction and inflammation. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various tissues can be activated by ROS to protect cells from mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial UCPs facilitate the reflux of protons from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the matrix, thereby dissipating the proton gradient required for oxidative phosphorylation. There are five known isoforms (UCP1-UCP5) of mitochondrial UCPs. UCP1 can indirectly reduce ROS formation by increasing glutathione levels, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. In contrast, UCP2 and UCP3 regulate fatty acid metabolism and insulin secretion by beta cells and modulate insulin sensitivity. Understanding the functions of UCPs may play a critical role in developing pharmacological strategies to combat T2D. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the protective role of various UCP homologs against age-related oxidative stress in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Correspondence: (M.Č.); (L.K.B.); Tel.: +386-2-2345-847 (L.K.B.)
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Križančić Bombek L, Čater M. Skeletal Muscle Uncoupling Proteins in Mice Models of Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030259. [PMID: 35323702 PMCID: PMC8955650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes are among major and increasing worldwide problems that occur fundamentally due to excessive energy intake during its expenditure. Endotherms continuously consume a certain amount of energy to maintain core body temperature via thermogenic processes, mainly in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle glucose utilization and heat production are significant and directly linked to body glucose homeostasis at rest, and especially during physical activity. However, this glucose balance is impaired in diabetic and obese states in humans and mice, and manifests as glucose resistance and altered muscle cell metabolism. Uncoupling proteins have a significant role in converting electrochemical energy into thermal energy without ATP generation. Different homologs of uncoupling proteins were identified, and their roles were linked to antioxidative activity and boosting glucose and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, uncoupling proteins were studied in correlation to the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity and their possible treatments. Mice were extensively used as model organisms to study the physiology and pathophysiology of energy homeostasis. However, we should be aware of interstrain differences in mice models of obesity regarding thermogenesis and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in this review, we gathered up-to-date knowledge on skeletal muscle uncoupling proteins and their effect on insulin sensitivity in mouse models of obesity and diabetes.
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Zang L, Shimada Y, Nakayama H, Matsuoka I, Kim Y, Chu DC, Juneja LR, Tsuruta R, Sasakawa Y, Kuroyanagi J, Nishimura N. Globin Digest Improves Visceral Adiposity Through UCP1 Upregulation in Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish and Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:650975. [PMID: 34646848 PMCID: PMC8502801 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.650975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globin digest (GD), a bioactive oligopeptide derived from porcine hemoglobin proteins, has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on improving postprandial hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and liver injury. We previously reported the lipid-lowering effects of GD using a zebrafish obesogenic test. Here, we sought to evaluate the effect of GD on visceral adiposity and the underlying molecular mechanisms using zebrafish and mouse obesity models. GD ameliorated dyslipidemia and suppressed the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in adult obese zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of GD-treated adult zebrafish revealed that GD upregulated UCP1-related pathways. Further, we performed mouse experiments and found that GD intake (2 mg/g body weight/day) was associated with lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, decreased VAT accumulation, and improved adipocyte hypertrophy with the upregulation of Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue at both the mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that GD improves visceral adiposity by upregulating UCP1 expression, providing a novel perspective on combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Youngil Kim
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Lekh Raj Juneja
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- MG Pharma Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
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Hwang DJ, Kwon KC, Choi DH, Song HK, Kim KS, Jung YS, Hwang DY, Cho JY. Comparison of intrinsic exercise capacity and response to acute exercise in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice derived from three different lineages. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:21. [PMID: 34348800 PMCID: PMC8335942 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a laboratory animal resource, the ICR mouse is commonly used in a variety of research fields. However, information on differences in exercise-related characteristics in ICR mice derived from different lineages and the underlying mechanisms remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the intrinsic exercise capacity and a magnitude of response to acute exercise, and sought to identify mechanisms contributing to difference in Korl:ICR (a novel ICR lineage recently established by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea) and two commercialized ICR lineages derived from different origins (viz., A:ICR mouse from Orient Bio Com, the United States, and B:ICR mouse from Japan SLC Inc., Japan). RESULTS Results showed that despite no significant difference in body weight and weight-proportioned tissue mass of heart and skeletal muscles among groups, the relatively low intrinsic exercise capacity and exaggerated response to acute exercise were identified in B:ICR comparted with Korl:ICR and A:ICR, as reflected by total work and lactate threshold (LT). Also, the mitochondrial efficiency expressed as the complex 1 and complex 1 + 2 respiratory control ratio (RCR) values for cardiac mitochondrial O2 consumption in B:ICR was significantly lower than that in Korl:ICR with higher level of state 2 respiration by glutamate/malate and UCP3 expression in cardiac muscle. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that the intrinsic exercise capacity of ICR mouse varies according to lineages, suggesting the role of cardiac mitochondrial coupling efficiency as a possible mechanism that might contribute to differences in the intrinsic exercise capacity and magnitude of response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joo Hwang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Yangjae-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chun Kwon
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Yangjae-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Choi
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Yangjae-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Keun Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, INJE University College of Medicine, Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Yangjae-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: Origin or Prognostic Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Development? Cells 2021; 10:cells10061449. [PMID: 34207859 PMCID: PMC8226541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and selective loss of motor neurons, amyotrophy and skeletal muscle paralysis usually leading to death due to respiratory failure. While generally considered an intrinsic motor neuron disease, data obtained in recent years, including our own, suggest that motor neuron protection is not sufficient to counter the disease. The dismantling of the neuromuscular junction is closely linked to chronic energy deficit found throughout the body. Metabolic (hypermetabolism and dyslipidemia) and mitochondrial alterations described in patients and murine models of ALS are associated with the development and progression of disease pathology and they appear long before motor neurons die. It is clear that these metabolic changes participate in the pathology of the disease. In this review, we summarize these changes seen throughout the course of the disease, and the subsequent impact of glucose–fatty acid oxidation imbalance on disease progression. We also highlight studies that show that correcting this loss of metabolic flexibility should now be considered a major goal for the treatment of ALS.
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Wood J, Tse MCL, Yang X, Brobst D, Liu Z, Pang BPS, Chan WS, Zaw AM, Chow BKC, Ye K, Lee CW, Chan CB. BDNF mimetic alleviates body weight gain in obese mice by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2018; 87:113-122. [PMID: 29935237 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a small molecular weight compound that mimics the functions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The current study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of 7,8-DHF-induced body weight regulation. METHODS Obese female C57/BL6 (20-week-old) mice that have been fed with high-fat diet for 13 weeks were treated with 7,8-DHF for 9 weeks. Various biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to examine the signal transduction pathway, metabolite content, and mitochondrial mass in the animals. Moreover, systemic energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity were determined by indirect calorimetry and insulin/glucose-tolerance tests. We have also determined the metabolic actions of 7,8-DHF on cultured myotubes. RESULTS 7,8-DHF treatment increased cellular respiration by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in cultured skeletal muscle cells. In diet-induced obese mice, subsequent 7,8-DHF consumption triggered the AMPK/CREB/PGC-1α pathways to increase the muscular mitochondrial content. Systemic energy metabolism was thus elevated, which reduced the body weight gain in obese animals. Consequently, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia, and ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver of the obese animals were alleviated after 7,8-DHF treatment. Moreover, insulin sensitivity of the obese muscle was improved after 7,8-DHF consumption. CONCLUSION 7,8-DHF treatment increases muscular mitochondrial respiration and systemic energy expenditure, which alleviates the body weight gain and partially reverse the metabolic abnormalities induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wood
- Department of Physiology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Margaret Chui Ling Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Brobst
- Department of Physiology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Department of Physiology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Brian Pak Shing Pang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wing Suen Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Aung Moe Zaw
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Billy K C Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Chi Wai Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Lack of cyclin D3 induces skeletal muscle fiber-type shifting, increased endurance performance and hypermetabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12792. [PMID: 30143714 PMCID: PMC6109157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-induced D-type cyclins (D1, D2 and D3) are regulatory subunits of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 that drive progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In skeletal muscle, cyclin D3 plays a unique function in controlling the proliferation/differentiation balance of myogenic progenitor cells. Here, we show that cyclin D3 also performs a novel function, regulating muscle fiber type-specific gene expression. Mice lacking cyclin D3 display an increased number of myofibers with higher oxidative capacity in fast-twitch muscle groups, primarily composed of myofibers that utilize glycolytic metabolism. The remodeling of myofibers toward a slower, more oxidative phenotype is accompanied by enhanced running endurance and increased energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation. In addition, gene expression profiling of cyclin D3-/- muscle reveals the upregulation of genes encoding proteins involved in the regulation of contractile function and metabolic markers specifically expressed in slow-twitch and fast-oxidative myofibers, many of which are targets of MEF2 and/or NFAT transcription factors. Furthermore, cyclin D3 can repress the calcineurin- or MEF2-dependent activation of a slow fiber-specific promoter in cultured muscle cells. These data suggest that cyclin D3 regulates muscle fiber type phenotype, and consequently whole body metabolism, by antagonizing the activity of MEF2 and/or NFAT.
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Simó-Mirabet P, Perera E, Calduch-Giner JA, Afonso JM, Pérez-Sánchez J. Co-expression Analysis of Sirtuins and Related Metabolic Biomarkers in Juveniles of Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) With Differences in Growth Performance. Front Physiol 2018; 9:608. [PMID: 29922168 PMCID: PMC5996159 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) represent a conserved protein family of deacetylases that act as master regulators of metabolism, but little is known about their roles in fish and livestock animals in general. The present study aimed to assess the value of SIRTs for the metabolic phenotyping of fish by assessing their co-expression with a wide-representation of markers of energy and lipid metabolism and intestinal function and health in two genetically different gilthead sea bream strains with differences in growth performance. Fish from the fast-growing strain exhibited higher feed intake, feed efficiency and plasma IGF-I levels, along with higher hepatosomatic index and lower mesenteric fat (lean phenotype). These observations suggest differences in tissue energy partitioning with an increased flux of fatty acids from adipose tissue toward the liver. The resulting increased risk of hepatic steatosis may be counteracted in the liver by reduced lipogenesis and enhanced triglyceride catabolism, in combination with a higher and more efficient oxidative metabolism in white skeletal muscle. These effects were supported by co-regulated changes in the expression profile of SIRTs (liver, sirt1; skeletal muscle, sirt2; adipose tissue, sirt5-6) and markers of oxidative metabolism (pgc1α, cpt1a, cs, nd2, cox1), mitochondrial respiration uncoupling (ucp3) and fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism (pparα, pparγ, elovl5, scd1a, lpl, atgl) that were specific to each strain and tissue. The anterior intestine of the fast-growing strain was better suited to cope with improved growth by increased expression of markers of nutrient absorption (fabp2), epithelial barrier integrity (cdh1, cdh17) and immunity (il1β, cd8b, lgals1, lgals8, sIgT, mIgT), which were correlated with low expression levels of sirt4 and markers of fatty acid oxidation (cpt1a). In the posterior intestine, the fast-growing strain showed a consistent up-regulation of sirt2, sirt3, sirt5 and sirt7 concurrently with increased expression levels of markers of cell proliferation (pcna), oxidative metabolism (nd2) and immunity (sIgT, mIgT). Together, these findings indicate that SIRTs may play different roles in the regulation of metabolism, inflammatory tone and growth in farmed fish, arising as powerful biomarkers for a reliable metabolic phenotyping of fish at the tissue-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan M Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group, Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (GIA), Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal-CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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Marosi K, Moehl K, Navas-Enamorado I, Mitchell SJ, Zhang Y, Lehrmann E, Aon MA, Cortassa S, Becker KG, Mattson MP. Metabolic and molecular framework for the enhancement of endurance by intermittent food deprivation. FASEB J 2018; 32:3844-3858. [PMID: 29485903 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701378rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary considerations suggest that the body has been optimized to perform at a high level in the food-deprived state when fatty acids and their ketone metabolites are a major fuel source for muscle cells. Because controlled food deprivation in laboratory animals and intermittent energy restriction in humans is a potent physiologic stimulus for ketosis, we designed a study to determine the impact of intermittent food deprivation during endurance training on performance and to elucidate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Male mice were randomly assigned to either ad libitum feeding or alternate-day food deprivation (ADF) groups, and half of the mice in each diet group were trained daily on a treadmill for 1 mo. A run to exhaustion endurance test performed at the end of the training period revealed superior performance in the mice maintained on ADF during training compared to mice fed ad libitum during training. Maximal O2 consumption was increased similarly by treadmill training in mice on ADF or ad libitum diets, whereas respiratory exchange ratio was reduced in ADF mice on food-deprivation days and during running. Analyses of gene expression in liver and soleus tissues, and metabolomics analysis of blood suggest that the metabolic switch invoked by ADF and potentiated by exercise strongly modulates molecular pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, and cellular plasticity. Our findings demonstrate that ADF engages metabolic and cellular signaling pathways that result in increased metabolic efficiency and endurance capacity.-Marosi, K., Moehl, K., Navas-Enamorado, I., Mitchell, S. J., Zhang, Y., Lehrmann, E., Aon, M. A., Cortassa, S., Becker, K. G., Mattson, M. P. Metabolic and molecular framework for the enhancement of endurance by intermittent food deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Marosi
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keelin Moehl
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Translational Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit Core Facility, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit Core Facility, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit Core Facility, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Rines AK, Chang HC, Wu R, Sato T, Khechaduri A, Kouzu H, Shapiro J, Shang M, Burke MA, Abdelwahid E, Jiang X, Chen C, Rawlings TA, Lopaschuk GD, Schumacker PT, Abel ED, Ardehali H. Snf1-related kinase improves cardiac mitochondrial efficiency and decreases mitochondrial uncoupling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14095. [PMID: 28117339 PMCID: PMC5286102 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease limits oxygen and metabolic substrate availability to the heart, resulting in tissue death. Here, we demonstrate that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related protein Snf1-related kinase (SNRK) decreases cardiac metabolic substrate usage and mitochondrial uncoupling, and protects against ischaemia/reperfusion. Hearts from transgenic mice overexpressing SNRK have decreased glucose and palmitate metabolism and oxygen consumption, but maintained power and function. They also exhibit decreased uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and mitochondrial uncoupling. Conversely, Snrk knockout mouse hearts have increased glucose and palmitate oxidation and UCP3. SNRK knockdown in cardiac cells decreases mitochondrial efficiency, which is abolished with UCP3 knockdown. We show that Tribbles homologue 3 (Trib3) binds to SNRK, and downregulates UCP3 through PPARα. Finally, SNRK is increased in cardiomyopathy patients, and SNRK reduces infarct size after ischaemia/reperfusion. SNRK also decreases cardiac cell death in a UCP3-dependent manner. Our results suggest that SNRK improves cardiac mitochondrial efficiency and ischaemic protection. The Snf1-related kinase (SNRK) is widely expressed and yet its function is poorly understood. Here the authors show that SNRK regulates mitochondrial coupling via the Trib3-PPARα-UCP3 pathway and that cardiac overexpression of SNRK decreases metabolic substrate usage and oxygen consumption but maintains cardiac function and energy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Rines
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Arineh Khechaduri
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Jason Shapiro
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Meng Shang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Michael A Burke
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Xinghang Jiang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Chunlei Chen
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Tenley A Rawlings
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Supplementing the maternal diet of rats with butyrate enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscles of weaned offspring. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:12-20. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary butyrate supplementation on energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in offspring skeletal muscle and the possible mediating mechanisms. Virgin female rats were randomly assigned to either control or butyrate diets (1 % butyrate sodium) throughout gestation and lactation. At the end of lactation (21 d), the offspring were killed by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta under anaesthesia. The results showed that maternal butyrate supplementation throughout gestation and lactation did not affect offspring body weight. However, the protein expressions of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR) 43 and 41 were significantly enhanced in offspring skeletal muscle of the maternal butyrate-supplemented group. The ATP content, most of mitochondrial DNA-encoded gene expressions, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 4 protein contents and the mitochondrial DNA copy number were significantly higher in the butyrate group than in the control group. Meanwhile, the protein expressions of type 1 myosin heavy chain, mitochondrial transcription factor A, PPAR-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein 3 were significantly increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of the treatment group compared with the control group. These results indicate for the first time that maternal butyrate supplementation during the gestation and lactation periods influenced energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis through the GPR and PGC-1α pathways in offspring skeletal muscle at weaning.
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12
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Vitamin D3/VDR resists diet-induced obesity by modulating UCP3 expression in muscles. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:56. [PMID: 27473111 PMCID: PMC4966724 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of vitamin D3 (VD3) on obesity has been reported in the past. Our study was aimed at investigating the possible mechanisms by which VD3 affects obesity induced by a high fat diet. METHODS Eight-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were fed a normal- or high-fat diet for 9 weeks and were treated with a gavage of vehicle (corn oil) or cholecalciferol (50 μg/kg, daily). Body weight, white adipose tissue weight, blood lipid and glucose levels were measured. In addition, we investigated the expression of 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol)/VDR-regulated genes involved in energy and lipid metabolism, such as of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), by using qRT-PCR in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and C2C12, L6, and H-EMC-SS cells. We also measured UCP3 promoter transcription in the same cell lines using a Dual Luciferase Assay. Furthermore, we analyzed the binding site consensus sequences of VDR on the UCP3 promoter. RESULTS Mice consuming a high-fat diet treated with cholecalciferol had lower body weight and adipose tissue weight and higher expression of UCP3 compared to the other treatment groups. Changes in the expression of genes correlated with calcitriol/VDR. Luciferase activity was dose-dependently associated with calcitriol/VDR levels. We confirmed the functional VDR binding site consensus sequences at -2200, -1561, -634, and +314 bp in the UCP3 promoter region. CONCLUSION We suggest that VD3/VDR inhibits weight gain by activating UCP3 in the muscles.
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Ghinis-Hozumi Y, González-Dávalos L, Antaramian A, Villarroya F, Piña E, Shimada A, Varela-Echavarría A, Mora O. Effect of resveratrol and lipoic acid on sirtuin-regulated expression of metabolic genes in bovine liver and muscle slice cultures. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3820-31. [PMID: 26440162 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (Sirt) are NAD-dependent deacetylases that are activated by the antioxidants resveratrol (RSV) and lipoic acid (LA). The objective of this study was to determine in bovine liver and muscle slice cultures the effect of RSV and LA treatment on the expresssion of Sirt1, Sirt3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A), and the forkhead box O transcription factors FoxO1 and FoxO3 as well as other factors involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and related to Sirt activity. Tissue slices from crossbred bulls were treated during 60 min with 40 or 80 μ RSV and 30, 100, 300, or 1,000 μ LA under restricted conditions (Krebs-Ringer buffer without nutrients) and fed conditions (2.5 m propionate in combination with 1 n glucagon) for liver slices or with 0.01 μ epinephrine for muscle slices. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression of the mRNA for the genes studied and western blot analysis for the expression of the protein for Sirt1. Our results show that the expression of the mRNA for Sirt1 was enhanced by RSV in liver under restriction ( ≤ 0.0112) and by LA in muscle, more under restriction ( ≤ 0.0121) than after epinephrine administration ( < 0.0001). Sirt3 is affected in a dose-dependent manner by both compounds in both tissues and under both metabolic conditions ( ≤ 0.0452). The expression of the protein for Sirt1 was increased by LA in both tissues under restricted conditions ( = 0.0026 and = 0.0201, respectively) but in liver also in fed conditions ( = 0.0016). Genes involved in the antioxidant response were upregulated in both tissues. These results indicate that bovine Sirt respond differently to RSV and LA stimulation than monogastric Sirt do and that gluconeogenesis in ruminants is not related to Sirt to the same degree as in monogastric species. However, these results provide information about the possible role of Sirt in ruminant metabolism.
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Li Y, Tan B, Wang J, Duan Y, Guo Q, Liu Y, Kong X, Li T, Tang Y, Yin Y. Alteration of inflammatory cytokines, energy metabolic regulators, and muscle fiber type in the skeletal muscle of postweaning piglets1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1064-72. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - B. Tan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - J. Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Y. Duan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Q. Guo
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Y. Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - X. Kong
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - T. Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Y. Tang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Y. Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Akhmedov AT, Rybin V, Marín-García J. Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and uncoupling proteins in the failing heart. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 20:227-49. [PMID: 25192828 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cardiovascular medicine, myocardial ischemia and infarction, progressing eventually to the final end point heart failure (HF), remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. HF is a complex syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment in ventricular filling or blood ejection. Ultimately, the heart's inability to supply the body's tissues with enough blood may lead to death. Mechanistically, the hallmarks of the failing heart include abnormal energy metabolism, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defects in excitation-contraction coupling. HF is a highly dynamic pathological process, and observed alterations in cardiac metabolism and function depend on the disease progression. In the early stages, cardiac remodeling characterized by normal or slightly increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation plays a compensatory, cardioprotective role. However, upon progression of HF, FA oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative activity are decreased, resulting in a significant drop in cardiac ATP levels. In HF, as a compensatory response to decreased oxidative metabolism, glucose uptake and glycolysis are upregulated, but this upregulation is not sufficient to compensate for a drop in ATP production. Elevated mitochondrial ROS generation and ROS-mediated damage, when they overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defense system, induce heart injury and contribute to the progression of HF. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs), which promote proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane, have emerged as essential regulators of mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory activity and ROS generation. Although the physiological role of UCP2 and UCP3, expressed in the heart, has not been clearly established, increasing evidence suggests that these proteins by promoting mild uncoupling could reduce mitochondrial ROS generation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ameliorate thereby myocardial function. Further investigation on the alterations in cardiac UCP activity and regulation will advance our understanding of their physiological roles in the healthy and diseased heart and also may facilitate the development of novel and more efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Akhmedov
- The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, Highland Park, NJ, 08904, USA
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Koo YD, Choi JW, Kim M, Chae S, Ahn BY, Kim M, Oh BC, Hwang D, Seol JH, Kim YB, Park YJ, Chung SS, Park KS. SUMO-Specific Protease 2 (SENP2) Is an Important Regulator of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2015; 64:2420-31. [PMID: 25784542 PMCID: PMC4477359 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific proteases (SENPs) that reverse protein modification by SUMO are involved in the control of numerous cellular processes, including transcription, cell division, and cancer development. However, the physiological function of SENPs in energy metabolism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of SENP2 in fatty acid metabolism in C2C12 myotubes and in vivo. In C2C12 myotubes, treatment with saturated fatty acids, like palmitate, led to nuclear factor-κB-mediated increase in the expression of SENP2. This increase promoted the recruitment of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ and PPARγ, through desumoylation of PPARs, to the promoters of the genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), such as carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT1b) and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1). In addition, SENP2 overexpression substantially increased FAO in C2C12 myotubes. Consistent with the cell culture system, muscle-specific SENP2 overexpression led to a marked increase in the mRNA levels of CPT1b and ACSL1 and thereby in FAO in the skeletal muscle, which ultimately alleviated high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Collectively, these data identify SENP2 as an important regulator of fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle and further implicate that muscle SENP2 could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity-linked metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myungjin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Byung Yong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seol
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Acosta A, Camilleri M, Shin A, Vazquez-Roque MI, Iturrino J, Lanza IR, Nair KS, Burton D, O'Neill J, Eckert D, Carlson P, Vella A, Zinsmeister AR. Association of UCP-3 rs1626521 with obesity and stomach functions in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:898-906. [PMID: 25755013 PMCID: PMC4380685 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of gene variants of uncoupling proteins (UCP)-2 and -3 with obesity and gastrointestinal (GI) traits. METHODS In 255 overweight or obese adults, the associations of gene variants in UCP-2 (-3474, rs659366) and UCP-3 (rs1626521, rs2075577, rs15763) with body weight (BW) and GI traits were studied. Gene variants were genotyped by TaqMan® assay. The associations of genotypes with BW and GI traits (gastric emptying, gastric volume, satiety by buffet meal, satiation by nutrient drink test and GI hormones) were assessed using ANOVA corrected for false detection rate (FDR). RESULTS A novel UCP-3 gene variant, rs1626521, was identified; it was associated with BW (P = 0.039), waist circumference (P = 0.035), and significantly higher postprandial gastric volume (P = 0.003) and calories ingested at buffet meal (P = 0.006, both significant with FDR). In a subgroup of 11 participants, rs1626521 was also associated with reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics efficiency in skeletal muscle (P = 0.051). In an in vitro study in HEK293 cells, rs1626521 reduced UCP-3 protein expression (P = 0.049). Associations detected between other genotypes and GI traits were nonsignificant with FDR. CONCLUSIONS A newly identified functional variant (rs1626521) in UCP-3 affects postprandial gastric functions and satiety and may contribute to weight gain and alter human mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Acosta
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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18
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Gargiulo S, Petretta MP, Greco A, Panico M, Larobina M, Gramanzini M, Schiattarella GG, Esposito G, Petretta M, Brunetti A, Cuocolo A. Genetic deletion in uncoupling protein 3 augments 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose cardiac uptake in the ischemic heart. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:98. [PMID: 25103673 PMCID: PMC4127083 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effects of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) genetic deletion on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) cardiac uptake by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) dedicated animal system after permanent coronary artery ligation. Methods Cardiac 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in UCP3 knockout (UCP3−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice one week after induction of myocardial infarction or sham procedure. Results In sham-operated mice no difference in left ventricular (LV) volume was detectable between WT and UCP3−/−. After myocardial infarction, LV volume was higher in both WT and UCP3−/− compared to sham animals, with a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between genotype and myocardial infarction. In sham-operated animals no difference in FDG standardized uptake value (SUV) was detectable between WT (1.8 ± 0.6) and UCP3−/− (1.8 ± 0.6). After myocardial infarction SUV was significantly higher in remote areas than in infarcted territories in both UCP3−/− and WT mice (both p < 0.01). Moreover, in remote areas, SUV was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in UCP3−/− as compared to WT, while in the infarcted territory SUV was comparable (p = 0.29). A significant relationship (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) between LV volume and SUV was found. Conclusions In a mice model of permanent coronary occlusion, UCP3 deficiency results in a metabolic shift that favored glycolytic metabolism and increased FDG uptake in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Schwarzer M, Osterholt M, Lunkenbein A, Schrepper A, Amorim P, Doenst T. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and respiratory complex activity in rats with pressure overload-induced heart failure. J Physiol 2014; 592:3767-82. [PMID: 24951621 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.274704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the development of pressure overload-induced heart failure. We used our previously described rat model where transverse aortic constriction (TAC) induces compensated hypertrophy after 2 weeks, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction at 6 and 10 weeks, and heart failure with systolic dysfunction after 20 weeks. We measured mitochondrial ROS production rates, ROS damage and assessed the therapeutic potential of in vivo antioxidant therapies. In compensated hypertrophy (2 weeks of TAC) ROS production rates were normal at both mitochondrial ROS production sites (complexes I and III). Complex I ROS production rates increased with the appearance of diastolic dysfunction (6 weeks of TAC) and remained high thereafter. Surprisingly, maximal ROS production at complex III peaked at 6 weeks of pressure overload. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity (state 3 respiration) was elevated 2 and 6 weeks after TAC, decreased after this point and was significantly impaired at 20 weeks, when contractile function was also impaired and ROS damage was found with increased hydroxynonenal. Treatment with the ROS scavenger α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone or the uncoupling agent dinitrophenol significantly reduced ROS production rates at 6 weeks. Despite the decline in ROS production capacity, no differences in contractile function between treated and untreated animals were observed. Increased ROS production occurs early in the development of heart failure with a peak at the onset of diastolic dysfunction. However, ROS production may not be related to the onset of contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Moritz Osterholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Lunkenbein
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Paulo Amorim
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Benn T, Kim B, Park YK, Wegner CJ, Harness E, Nam TG, Kim DO, Lee JS, Lee JY. Polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract prevents inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1019-25. [PMID: 25034502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. We investigated if polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) can prevent inflammation in vivo. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a modified AIN-93M control diet containing high fat/high cholesterol (16% fat, 0.25% cholesterol by weight) or the control diet supplemented with 0.1% BCE (wt/wt) for 12 weeks. In BCE-fed mice, the percentage of body weight and adipocyte size of the epididymal fat were significantly lower than those of control mice. There were fewer crown-like structures (CLS) with concomitant decreases in F4/80, cluster of differentiation 68 and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase ε (IKKε) mRNA in the epididymal adipose of BCE-fed mice. F4/80 and IKKε mRNA levels were positively correlated with CLS number. In the skeletal muscle of mice fed with BCE, mRNA expression of genes involved in energy expenditure and mitochondrial biogenesis, including PPARα, PPARδ, UCP-2, UCP-3 and mitochondrial transcription factor A, were significantly increased. When splenocytes from BCE-fed mice were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β mRNA were significantly lower than control splenocytes. Together, the results suggest that BCE supplementation decreases obesity-induced inflammation in adipose tissue and splenocytes, at least in part, by modulating energy metabolism in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Benn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Casey J Wegner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ellen Harness
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Bermejo-Nogales A, Calduch-Giner JA, Pérez-Sánchez J. Tissue-specific gene expression and functional regulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) by hypoxia and nutrient availability in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): implications on the physiological significance of UCP1-3 variants. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:751-762. [PMID: 24154671 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess in an integrative manner the physiological regulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in gilthead sea bream. A contig of 1,325 nucleotides in length with an open reading frame of 307 amino acids was recognized as UCP2 after searches in our transcriptome reference database ( http://www.nutrigroup-iats.org/seabreamdb ). Gene expression mapping by quantitative real-time PCR revealed a ubiquitous profile that clearly differs from that of UCP1 and UCP3 variants with the greatest abundance in liver and white skeletal muscle, respectively. The greatest abundance of UCP2 transcripts was found in the heart, with a relatively high expression level in blood cells, where UCP1 and UCP3 transcripts were practically undetectable. Functional studies revealed that UCP2 mRNA expression remains either unaltered or up-regulated upon feed restriction in glycolytic (white skeletal muscle) and highly oxidative muscle tissues (heart and red skeletal muscle), respectively. In contrast, exposure to hypoxic conditions (18-19% oxygen saturation) markedly down-regulated the UCP2 mRNA expression in blood cells in a cellular environment with increased haematocrit, blood haemoglobin content, and circulating levels of glucose and lactate, and total plasma antioxidant activity. These findings demonstrated that UCP2 expression is highly regulated at the transcriptional level, arising this UCP variant as an important piece of the complex trade-off between metabolic and redox sensors. This feature would avoid the activation of futile cycles of energy wastage if changes in tissue oxidative and antioxidant metabolic capabilities are able to maintain the production of reactive oxygen species at a low regulated level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Bermejo-Nogales
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Department of Biology, Culture and Pathology of Marine Species, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
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Gavini CK, Mukherjee S, Shukla C, Britton SL, Koch LG, Shi H, Novak CM. Leanness and heightened nonresting energy expenditure: role of skeletal muscle activity thermogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E635-47. [PMID: 24398400 PMCID: PMC3948980 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00555.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A high-calorie diet accompanied by low levels of physical activity (PA) accounts for the widespread prevalence of obesity today, and yet some people remain lean even in this obesogenic environment. Here, we investigate the cause for this exception. A key trait that predicts high PA in both humans and laboratory rodents is intrinsic aerobic capacity. Rats artificially selected as high-capacity runners (HCR) are lean and consistently more physically active than their low-capacity runner (LCR) counterparts; this applies to both males and females. Here, we demonstrate that HCR show heightened total energy expenditure (TEE) and hypothesize that this is due to higher nonresting energy expenditure (NREE; includes activity EE). After matching for body weight and lean mass, female HCR consistently had heightened nonresting EE, but not resting EE, compared with female LCR. Because of the dominant role of skeletal muscle in nonresting EE, we examined muscle energy use. We found that lean female HCR had higher muscle heat dissipation during activity, explaining their low economy of activity and high activity EE. This may be due to the amplified skeletal muscle expression levels of proteins involved in EE and reduced expression levels of proteins involved in energy conservation in HCR relative to LCR. This is also associated with an increased sympathetic drive to skeletal muscle in HCR compared with LCR. We find little support for the hypothesis that resting metabolic rate is correlated with maximal aerobic capacity if body size and composition are fully considered; rather, the critical factor appears to be activity thermogenesis.
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Tucci S, Flögel U, Hermann S, Sturm M, Schäfers M, Spiekerkoetter U. Development and pathomechanisms of cardiomyopathy in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient (VLCAD(-/-)) mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:677-85. [PMID: 24530811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a typical manifestation of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD), the most common long-chain β-oxidation defects in humans; however in some patients cardiac function is fully compensated. Cardiomyopathy may also be reversed by supplementation of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). We here characterize cardiac function of VLCAD-deficient (VLCAD(-/-)) mice over one year. Furthermore, we investigate the long-term effect of a continuous MCT diet on the cardiac phenotype. We assessed cardiac morphology and function in VLCAD(-/-) mice by in vivo MRI. Cardiac energetics were measured by (31)P-MRS and myocardial glucose uptake was quantified by positron-emission-tomography (PET). Metabolic adaptations were identified by the expression of genes regulating glucose and lipid metabolism using real-time-PCR. VLCAD(-/-) mice showed a progressive decrease in heart function over 12 months accompanied by a reduced phosphocreatine-to-ATP-ratio indicative of chronic energy deficiency. Long-term MCT supplementation aggravated the cardiac phenotype into dilated cardiomyopathy with features similar to diabetic heart disease. Cardiac energy production and function in mice with a β-oxidation defect cannot be maintained with age. Compensatory mechanisms are insufficient to preserve the cardiac energy state over time. However, energy deficiency by impaired β-oxidation and long-term MCT induce cardiomyopathy by different mechanisms. Cardiac MRI and MRS may be excellent tools to assess minor changes in cardiac function and energetics in patients with β-oxidation defects for preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tucci
- Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging - EIMI, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Marga Sturm
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging - EIMI, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Lehtoranta L, Vuolteenaho O, Laine VJ, Koskinen A, Soukka H, Kytö V, Määttä J, Haapsamo M, Ekholm E, Räsänen J. Maternal hyperglycemia leads to fetal cardiac hyperplasia and dysfunction in a rat model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E611-9. [PMID: 23839525 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated fetal myocardial growth with altered cardiac function is a well-documented complication of human diabetic pregnancy, but its pathophysiology is still largely unknown. Our aim was to explore the mechanisms of fetal cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular hemodynamics in a rat model of maternal pregestational streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemic group comprised 107 fetuses (10 dams) and the control group 219 fetuses (20 dams). Fetal cardiac function was assessed serially by Doppler ultrasonography. Fetal cardiac to thoracic area ratio, newborn heart weight, myocardial cell proliferative and apoptotic activities, and cardiac gene expression patterns were determined. Maternal hyperglycemia was associated with increased cardiac size, proliferative, apoptotic and mitotic activities, upregulation of genes encoding A- and B-type natriuretic peptides, myosin heavy chain types 2 and 3, uncoupling proteins 2 and 3, and the angiogenetic tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A. The genes encoding Kv channel-interacting protein 2, a regulator of electrical cardiac phenotype, and the insulin-regulated glucose transporter 4 were downregulated. The heart rate was lower in fetuses of hyperglycemic dams. At 13-14 gestational days, 98% of fetuses of hyperglycemic dams had holosystolic atrioventricular valve regurgitation and decreased outflow mean velocity, indicating diminished cardiac output. Maternal hyperglycemia may lead to accelerated fetal myocardial growth by cardiomyocyte hyperplasia. In fetuses of hyperglycemic dams, expression of key genes that control and regulate cardiomyocyte electrophysiological properties, contractility, and metabolism are altered and may lead to major functional and clinical implications on the fetal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lehtoranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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25
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Anedda A, López-Bernardo E, Acosta-Iborra B, Saadeh Suleiman M, Landázuri MO, Cadenas S. The transcription factor Nrf2 promotes survival by enhancing the expression of uncoupling protein 3 under conditions of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:395-407. [PMID: 23597505 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial inner membrane carrier superfamily that modulates energy efficiency by catalyzing proton conductance and thus decreasing the production of superoxide anion. However, its role during oxidative stress and the underlying regulatory and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We sought to investigate how UCP3 expression is regulated by oxidative stress and to evaluate the putative antioxidant role of this protein. H2O2 treatment increased UCP3 expression and the nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in C2C12 and HL-1 cells. Nrf2 siRNA prevented H2O2-induced UCP3 expression, increasing oxidative stress and cell death. ChIP assays identified an antioxidant-response element (ARE) within the UCP3 promoter that bound Nrf2 after exposure to H2O2. Luciferase reporter experiments confirmed increased ARE activity in H2O2-treated HL-1 cells. Importantly, H2O2 increased the UCP3-mediated proton leak, suggesting a role for this protein in attenuating ROS-induced damage. Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and increased UCP3 protein were also detected in intact mouse heart subjected to a condition known to increase ROS generation. This is the first study to demonstrate that H2O2 augments UCP3 expression and it provides the first evidence of Nrf2 binding to the UCP3 promoter in response to oxidative challenge. These findings suggest that UCP3 functions as a member of the cellular antioxidant defense system that protects against oxidative stress in vivo. In conclusion, we have identified a novel regulatory process induced by an oxidative insult whereby the expression of the mitochondrial protein UCP3 is driven by the Nrf2 transcription factor, which decreases ROS production and prevents cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Anedda
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia López-Bernardo
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Acosta-Iborra
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel O Landázuri
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cadenas
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Lee MS, Kim IH, Kim Y. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on uncoupling protein 3 gene expression in C(2)C(12) muscle cells. Nutrients 2013; 5:1660-71. [PMID: 23698161 PMCID: PMC3708343 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a mitochondrial membrane transporter that is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle where it plays an important role in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. In this study, we investigated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on UCP3 gene expression in C2C12 muscle cells. EPA and DHA up-regulated UCP3 mRNA level in a dose-dependent manner and similarly increased UCP3 promoter activity in C2C12 muscle cells. To determine whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling may also directly regulate UCP3 expression, 5′-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMP analog that activates AMPK, was treated in C2C12 muscle cells. AICAR showed additive effects with EPA or DHA on the UCP3 promoter activation. These results indicate that EPA and DHA directly regulate the gene expression of UCP3, potentially through AMPK-mediated pathway in C2C12 muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mak-Soon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-3101; Fax: +82-2-3277-4425
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27
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Liu J, Li J, Li WJ, Wang CM. The role of uncoupling proteins in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:585897. [PMID: 23841103 PMCID: PMC3687498 DOI: 10.1155/2013/585897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are anion carriers expressed in the mitochondrial inner membrane that uncouple oxygen consumption by the respiratory chain from ATP synthesis. The physiological functions of UCPs have long been debated since the new UCPs (UCP2 to 5) were discovered, and the role of UCPs in the pathogeneses of diabetes mellitus is one of the hottest topics. UCPs are thought to be activated by superoxide and then decrease mitochondrial free radicals generation; this may provide a protective effect on diabetes mellitus that is under the oxidative stress conditions. UCP1 is considered to be a candidate gene for diabetes because of its role in thermogenesis and energy expenditure. UCP2 is expressed in several tissues and acts in the negative regulation of insulin secretion by β-cells and in fatty acid metabolism. UCP3 plays a role in fatty acid metabolism and energy homeostasis and modulates insulin sensitivity. Several gene polymorphisms of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 were reported to be associated with diabetes. The progress in the role of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 on diabetes mellitus is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Wen-Jian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-Ming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- *Chun-Ming Wang:
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28
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Dato S, Soerensen M, Montesanto A, Lagani V, Passarino G, Christensen K, Christiansen L. UCP3 polymorphisms, hand grip performance and survival at old age: association analysis in two Danish middle aged and elderly cohorts. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:530-7. [PMID: 22743239 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient uncoupling process is generally considered to have a protective effect on the aging muscle by slowing down its age-related decay. Genetic polymorphisms in the Uncoupling Protein 3 (UCP3) gene, whose product is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, were suggested to be associated with hand grip (HG) performances in elderly populations. Considering the population specificity of the quality of aging, we aimed to add further support to this evidence by analyzing the association between four SNPs in the UCP3 gene and relative haplotypes in two large cohorts of middle aged (N=708) and oldest old Danes (N=908). We found that the variability at rs1685354 and rs11235972 was associated with HG levels both at single and haplotypic level in both cohorts. Furthermore, taking advantage of large cohort and period survival data of the oldest cohort, we tested the association of each SNP with survival at 10years from the baseline visit. Interestingly, we found that allele A at rs11235972, associated in this cohort with lowest HG scores, influences also the survival patterns, with people carrying this allele showing higher mortality rates. On the whole, our work supports the role of UCP3 gene in functional status and survival at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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29
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McCombie G, Medina-Gomez G, Lelliott CJ, Vidal-Puig A, Griffin JL. Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of the Heart of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1-β Knock Out Mice on a High Fat Diet. Metabolites 2012; 2:366-81. [PMID: 24957515 PMCID: PMC3901207 DOI: 10.3390/metabo2020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivators (PGC-1) are transcriptional coactivators with an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis and regulation of genes involved in the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation in oxidative tissues including cardiac tissue. These coactivators are thought to play a key role in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. In this study we have used a combined metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of cardiac tissue from the PGC-1β null mouse to examine the effects of a high fat diet on this organ. Multivariate statistics readily separated tissue from PGC-1β null mice from their wild type controls either in gender specific models or in combined datasets. This was associated with an increase in creatine and a decrease in taurine in the null mouse, and an increase in myristic acid and a reduction in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for both genders. The most profound changes were detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of intact lipids with the tissue from the null mouse having a profound increase in a number of triglycerides. The metabolomic and lipodomic changes indicate PGC-1β has a profound influence on cardiac metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor McCombie
- Department of Biochemistry, 80 Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Gema Medina-Gomez
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, 80 Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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30
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Sluse FE. Uncoupling proteins: molecular, functional, regulatory, physiological and pathological aspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 942:137-56. [PMID: 22399421 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins are a subfamily of the mitochondrial anion carrier family. They are widespread in the whole eukaryotic world with a few exceptions and present tissue specific isoforms in higher organisms. They mediate purine nucleotide-sensitive free fatty acid-activated proton inward flux through the inner mitochondrial membrane. This proton flux occurs at the expense of the proton motive force build up by the respiration and weakens the coupling between respiration and ATP synthesis. In this chapter we describe current and reliable knowledge of uncoupling proteins. A new methodology allowing study of their activity and regulation during phosphorylating respiration is described. It has entitled us to assert that all uncoupling proteins share common mechanisms of activation and regulation. This is of the utmost importance in order to understand the physiological roles of UCPs as well as their participation in pathological processes since every role of the UCPs in every cell is an integral part of their function and regulation. The central role of reduction level of ubiquinone in the control of their regulation is well-argued. Their potential and reliable roles in thermogenesis, reactive oxygen species prevention and energy flow are discussed as well as their role in some pathological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis E Sluse
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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31
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Significance of uncoupling protein 3 in mitochondrial function upon mid- and long-term dietary high-fat exposure. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:4010-7. [PMID: 22115550 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) may reduce mitochondrial ROS production, and thereby protect against mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. UCP3 has been suggested to specifically fulfill this role under high-fat conditions. Here we show that UCP3 knockout mice indeed have elevated mitochondrial ROS production after short-term (8 weeks) high-fat feeding. After 26 weeks of high-fat feeding, UCP3 knockout mice exhibited reduced mitochondrial function as measured ex vivo in isolated mitochondria. In conclusion, these data suggest that UCP3 may have a role in the protection of mitochondria against lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, but only after long-term exposure to high-fat.
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32
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Feed restriction up-regulates uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene expression in heart and red muscle tissues of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) New insights in substrate oxidation and energy expenditure. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 159:296-302. [PMID: 21463702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The physiological regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) remains practically unexplored in fish and the aim of this study was to examine the effects of ration size on the regulation of UCP3 in heart, red skeletal muscle and white skeletal muscle of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Juvenile fish were fed at three different levels for 11 weeks: i) full ration until visual satiety (R(100) group), ii) 70% of satiation (R(70) group) and iii) 70% of satiation with two finishing weeks at the maintenance ration (20% of the satiation level) (R(70-20) group). The thirty percent feed restriction improved fish performance, increasing feed conversion efficiency and circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Fish of the R(70-20) group showed reduced growth and low circulating levels of IGF-I in combination with increased circulating concentrations of growth hormone and free fatty acids. Feed restriction did not alter UCP3 transcript levels in white skeletal muscle, but improved this tissue's oxidative capacity as assessed by changes in glycolytic and oxidative mitochondrial enzyme activities. In contrast, in cardiac and red skeletal muscle tissues, this dietary treatment primarily increased UCP3 mRNA expression. The respiratory control ratio of freshly isolated heart mitochondria was slightly lower in R(70-20) fish than in R(100) fish, which suggests that there was an increase in mitochondrial uncoupling concomitant with the enhanced UCP3 mRNA expression. Altogether, these findings highlight the different adaptive mechanism of glycolytic and highly oxidative muscle tissues for their rapid adjustment to varying feed intake.
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Wojtczak L, Lebiedzińska M, Suski JM, Więckowski MR, Schönfeld P. Inhibition by purine nucleotides of the release of reactive oxygen species from muscle mitochondria: indication for a function of uncoupling proteins as superoxide anion transporters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:772-6. [PMID: 21439941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), measured as the sum of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion radical (O₂·⁻), from respiring rat heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria was significantly decreased by millimolar concentrations of GTP or GDP. Attempts to differentiate between the two forms of ROS showed that the release of O₂·⁻ rather than that of H₂O₂ was affected. Meanwhile, intramitochondrial ROS accumulation, measured by inactivation of aconitase, increased. These results suggest that guanine nucleotides inhibit the release of O₂·⁻ from mitochondria. As these nucleotides are known inhibitors of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), it is proposed that UCPs may function as carriers of O₂·⁻, thus enabling its removal from the matrix compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lech Wojtczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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34
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Xia W, Wan Y, Li YY, Zeng H, Lv Z, Li G, Wei Z, Xu SQ. PFOS prenatal exposure induce mitochondrial injury and gene expression change in hearts of weaned SD rats. Toxicology 2011; 282:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Flynn JM, Meadows E, Fiorotto M, Klein WH. Myogenin regulates exercise capacity and skeletal muscle metabolism in the adult mouse. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13535. [PMID: 21042574 PMCID: PMC2962629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle metabolism is a well-studied physiological process, little is known about how it is regulated at the transcriptional level. The myogenic transcription factor myogenin is required for skeletal muscle development during embryonic and fetal life, but myogenin's role in adult skeletal muscle is unclear. We sought to determine myogenin's function in adult muscle metabolism. A Myog conditional allele and Cre-ER transgene were used to delete Myog in adult mice. Mice were analyzed for exercise capacity by involuntary treadmill running. To assess oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, we performed indirect calorimetry, monitored blood glucose and lactate levels, and performed histochemical analyses on muscle fibers. Surprisingly, we found that Myog-deleted mice performed significantly better than controls in high- and low-intensity treadmill running. This enhanced exercise capacity was due to more efficient oxidative metabolism during low- and high-intensity exercise and more efficient glycolytic metabolism during high-intensity exercise. Furthermore, Myog-deleted mice had an enhanced response to long-term voluntary exercise training on running wheels. We identified several candidate genes whose expression was altered in exercise-stressed muscle of mice lacking myogenin. The results suggest that myogenin plays a critical role as a high-level transcriptional regulator to control the energy balance between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in adult skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M. Flynn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate Training Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Meadows
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate Training Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marta Fiorotto
- Department of Pediatrics, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William H. Klein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate Training Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Elshorbagy AK, Valdivia-Garcia M, Mattocks DAL, Plummer JD, Smith AD, Drevon CA, Refsum H, Perrone CE. Cysteine supplementation reverses methionine restriction effects on rat adiposity: significance of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:104-12. [PMID: 20871132 PMCID: PMC2999932 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme in fatty acid and energy metabolism, but little is known about its nutritional regulation. Dietary methionine restriction in rats decreases hepatic Scd1 mRNA and protein, increases energy expenditure, and decreases fat-pad mass/body-weight% (FM/BW%). In humans, plasma concentrations of the methionine product, cysteine, are associated with obesity. To determine which consequences of methionine-restriction are mediated by decreased cysteine availability, we monitored obesity-related variables in 4 dietary groups for 12 weeks: control-fed (CF), methionine-restricted (MR), MR supplemented with 0.5% l-cysteine (MR+Cys) and CF+Cys rats. MR lowered weight gain and FM/BW% despite higher food intake/weight than CF, and lowered serum cysteine. Hepatic Scd1 expression was decreased, with decreased serum SCD1 activity indices (calculated from serum fatty acid profile), decreased serum insulin, leptin and triglycerides, and higher adiponectin. Cysteine supplementation (MR+Cys) essentially reversed all these phenotypes and raised serum cysteine but not methionine to CF levels. Adding extra cysteine to control diet (CF+Cys) increased serum taurine but did not affect serum cysteine, lipids, proteins, or total weight gain. FM/BW% and serum leptin were modestly decreased. Our results indicate that anti-obesity effects of MR are caused by low cysteine and that dietary sulfur amino acid composition contributes to SCD1 regulation.
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Desai MS, Shabier Z, Taylor M, Lam F, Thevananther S, Kosters A, Karpen SJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dysregulation of cardiac energetics in a mouse model of biliary fibrosis. Hepatology 2010; 51:2097-107. [PMID: 20512997 PMCID: PMC3678910 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cardiac dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease; yet the mechanisms remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that the complex interrelated impairments in cardiac structure and function secondary to progression of liver diseases involve alterations in signaling pathways engaged in cardiac energy metabolism and hypertrophy, augmented by direct effects of high circulating levels of bile acids. Biliary fibrosis was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydroxychollidine (DDC) supplemented diet. After 3 weeks, mice underwent live imaging (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry [DEXA] scanning, two-dimensional echocardiography [2DE], electrocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), exercise treadmill testing, and histological and biochemical analyses of livers and hearts. Compared with chow-fed mice, DDC-fed mice fatigued earlier on the treadmill, with reduced VO(2). Marked changes were identified electrophysiologically (bradycardia and prolonged QT interval) and functionally (hyperdynamic left ventricular [LV] contractility along with increased LV thickness). Hearts of DDC-fed mice showed hypertrophic signaling (activation of v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene/protein kinase B [AKT], inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta [GSK3beta], a 20-fold up-regulation of beta myosin heavy chain RNA and elevated G(s)alpha/G(i)alpha ratio. Genes regulating cardiac fatty acid oxidation pathways were suppressed, along with a threefold increase in myocardial glycogen content. Treatment of mouse cardiomyocytes (which express the membrane bile acid receptor TGR5) with potent natural TGR5 agonists, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, activated AKT and inhibited GSK3beta, similar to the changes seen in DDC-fed mouse hearts. This provides support for a novel mechanism whereby circulating natural bile acids can induce signaling pathways in heart associated with hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Three weeks of DDC feeding-induced biliary fibrosis leads to multiple functional, metabolic, electrophysiological, and hypertrophic adaptations in the mouse heart, recapitulating some of the features of human cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreshwar S. Desai
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Zainuer Shabier
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Michael Taylor
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Fong Lam
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Sundararajah Thevananther
- Texas Children’s Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Astrid Kosters
- Texas Children’s Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Saul J. Karpen
- Texas Children’s Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Labayen I, Olsson LA, Ortega FB, Nilsson TK, Sjöström M, Lucia A, Ruiz JR. Cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association between the UCP3-55C>T (rs1800849) polymorphism and plasma homocysteine in Swedish youth. Atherosclerosis 2010; 210:183-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gay BM, Luchese C, Nogueira CW, Wendler P, Macedo A, Dos Santos AA. Antioxidant effect of functionalized alkyl-organotellurides: a studyin vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:467-75. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903257892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana M. Gay
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina W. Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - P. Wendler
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Macedo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Azzu V, Jastroch M, Divakaruni AS, Brand MD. The regulation and turnover of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:785-91. [PMID: 20211596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3) are important in regulating cellular fuel metabolism and as attenuators of reactive oxygen species production through strong or mild uncoupling. The generic function and broad tissue distribution of the uncoupling protein family means that they are increasingly implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, immunity and cancer. The significant recent progress describing the turnover of novel uncoupling proteins, as well as current views on the physiological roles and regulation of UCPs, is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian Azzu
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Bermejo-Nogales A, Calduch-Giner JA, Pérez-Sánchez J. Gene expression survey of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP1/UCP3) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). J Comp Physiol B 2010; 180:685-94. [PMID: 20063001 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-009-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to underline the biological significance of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in ectothermic fish using the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) as an experimental model. A contig of 1,990 bp in length was recognized as a UCP1 ortholog after initial searches in the gilthead sea bream AQUAFIRST database ( http://www.sigenae.org/aquafirst ). Additional searches were performed in skeletal muscle by RT-PCR, and the amplified PCR product was recognized as UCP3 after sequence completion by 5'- and 3'RACE. UCP1 expression was mostly detected in liver, whereas UCP3 transcripts were only found in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibres (white skeletal muscle > red skeletal muscle > heart). Specific gene regulation of UCP1 (liver) and UCP3 (white skeletal muscle) was addressed in physiological models of age, seasonal growth and energy-metabolic unbalances. Both the increase in energy demand (stress confinement) and the reduction in energy supply during adaptive cold response in winter down-regulated UCP1 expression. Conversely, transcript levels of UCP3 were higher with age, seasonal fattening and dietary deficiencies in essential fatty acids leading to the increase in fatty acid flux towards the muscle. This close association between UCP1 and UCP3 with the oxidative and metabolic tissue status is perhaps directly related to the ancestral protein UCP function, and allows the use of UCPs as lipotoxicity markers in ectothermic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Bermejo-Nogales
- Fish Nutrition and Growth Endocrinology Group, Department of Biology, Culture and Pathology of Marine Fish Species, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2009; 21:656-65. [PMID: 20009876 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3283328098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kokubun E, Hirabara SM, Fiamoncini J, Curi R, Haebisch H. Changes of glycogen content in liver, skeletal muscle, and heart from fasted rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 27:488-95. [PMID: 19711486 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen content of white and red skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and liver was investigated in conditions where changes in plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) occur. The experiments were performed in fed and 12 and 48 h-fasted rats. The animals were also submitted to swimming for 10 and 30 min. Glycogen content was also investigated in both pharmacologically induced low plasma NEFA levels fasted rats and pharmacologically induced high plasma NEFA levels fed rats. The participation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in the changes observed was investigated. Plasma levels of NEFA, glucose, and insulin were determined in all conditions. Fasting increased plasma NEFA levels and reduced glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles. However, an increase of glycogen content was observed in the heart under this condition. Akt and GSK-3 phosphorylation was reduced during fasting in the liver and skeletal muscles but it remained unchanged in the heart. Our results suggest that in conditions of increased plasma NEFA levels, changes in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3 and glycogen content vary differently in liver, skeletal muscles, and heart. Akt and GSK-3 phosphorylation and glycogen content are decreased in liver and skeletal muscles, but in the heart it remain unchanged (Akt and GSK-3 phosphorylation) or increased (glycogen content) due to consistent increase of plasma NEFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Kokubun
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Salopuro T, Pulkkinen L, Lindström J, Kolehmainen M, Tolppanen AM, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Aunola S, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Tuomilehto J, Laakso M, Uusitupa M. Variation in the UCP2 and UCP3 genes associates with abdominal obesity and serum lipids: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:94. [PMID: 19769793 PMCID: PMC2754982 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background We explored the associations of three variants in the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene, one variant in the UCP2-UCP3 intergenic region and five variants in the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene with obesity and diabetes related traits in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance participating in Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Altogether 507 overweight individuals (body mass index: 31.2 ± 4.5 kg/m2, age: 55 ± 7 years) for whom DNA was available were randomized to either an intensified diet and physical activity group or to a conventional care control group. Methods We analysed the data from the baseline and annual follow-up visits from years 1, 2 and 3. Measurements of anthropometry, plasma glucose and serum insulin in oral glucose tolerance test, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were included. The median follow-up time for type 2 diabetes incidence was 7 years. Genetic variants were screened by restriction fragment length polymorphism or Illumina method. Results UCP3 gene variant rs3781907 was associated with increased serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels, at baseline and during the follow-up period. The same variant was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Variants rs1726745, rs11235972 and rs1800849 in the UCP3 gene associated with serum total and LDL-cholesterol at baseline. Haploblock including variants rs659366, rs653529, rs15763, and rs1726745 was associated with measures of abdominal obesity at baseline and in the longitudinal analysis. The haplotype comprising alleles rs659366-G, rs653529-A, rs15763-G and rs1726745-A was associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio, and haplotype comprising alleles rs3781907-G, rs11235972-A, and rs1800849-T was associated with increased serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion Genetic variation in the UCP2-UCP3 gene cluster may act as a modifier increasing serum lipid levels and indices of abdominal obesity, and may thereby also contribute to the metabolic aberrations observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titta Salopuro
- University of Kuopio, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food and Health Research Center, Kuopio, Finland.
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What can mitochondrial heterogeneity tell us about mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1914-27. [PMID: 19549572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that mitochondria are heterogeneous in terms of structure and function. Increased heterogeneity has been demonstrated in a number of disease models including ischemia-reperfusion and nutrient-induced beta cell dysfunction and diabetes. Subcellular location and proximity to other organelles, as well as uneven distribution of respiratory components have been considered as the main contributors to the basal level of heterogeneity. Recent studies point to mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy as major regulators of mitochondrial heterogeneity. While mitochondrial fusion mixes the content of the mitochondrial network, fission dissects the mitochondrial network and generates depolarized segments. These depolarized mitochondria are segregated from the networking population, forming a pre-autophagic pool contributing to heterogeneity. The capacity of a network to yield a depolarized daughter mitochondrion by a fission event is fundamental to the generation of heterogeneity. Several studies and data presented here provide a potential explanation, suggesting that protein and membranous structures are unevenly distributed within the individual mitochondrion and that inner membrane components do not mix during a fusion event to the same extent as the matrix components do. In conclusion, mitochondrial subcellular heterogeneity is a reflection of the mitochondrial lifecycle that involves frequent fusion events in which components may be unevenly mixed and followed by fission events generating disparate daughter mitochondria, some of which may fuse again, others will remain solitary and join a pre-autophagic pool.
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Shearer J, Severson DL, Su L, Belardinelli L, Dhalla AK. Partial A1 adenosine receptor agonist regulates cardiac substrate utilization in insulin-resistant rats in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:306-11. [PMID: 18952888 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.143594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the availability and uptake of fatty acids is a plausible pharmaceutical target to ameliorate glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. CVT-3619 [2-{6-[((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl) amino]purin-9-yl(4S,5S,2R,3R)-5-[(2-fluorophenylthio)methyl]oxolane-3,4-diol] is a partial A(1) adenosine receptor agonist with antilipolytic properties. Aims of the present study were to examine the acute effects of CVT-3619 on whole-body and cardiac glucose and fatty acid kinetics in vivo in normal and diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a chow (CH) or high-fat (HF) diet for 4 weeks. Catheters were then chronically implanted in the carotid artery and jugular vein for sampling and infusions, respectively. After 5 days of recovery, fasted animals (10 h) received either saline or CVT-3619 (0.4 mg/kg bolus + 1 mg/kg/h). Indices of glucose and fatty acid utilization were obtained by the administration of 2-deoxy[(14)C]glucose and [9,10-(3)H]-(R)-2-bromopalmitate. HF feeding resulted in elevated, fasting insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels compared with CH. CVT-3619 caused a 64 and 86% reduction of FFA and insulin in HF (p < 0.05) but less (N.S.) in CH diet-fed animals. In HF diet-fed rats, CVT-3619 increased whole-body glucose clearance with no change in fatty acid kinetics. Likewise, analysis of cardiac tissue metabolism showed that CVT-3619 caused an increased glucose but not fatty acid clearance in HF-fed animals. Results show that the acute administration of CVT-3619 lowers circulating fatty acid levels, leading to improved whole-body and cardiac glucose clearance in a model of diet-induced insulin resistance. As such, CVT-3619 may be a treatment option for the restoration of substrate balance in the insulin-resistant heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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