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Agrawal S, Bhatt A. Microbial Endophytes: Emerging Trends and Biotechnological Applications. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:249. [PMID: 37347454 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of knowledge on the role of endophytic microorganisms has been reported in recent years. The cooperative chemistry between the endophytes and the internal host tissue has turned them into a crucial aid for biotechnological applications. Microbial endophytes are ubiquitous among most plant species on earth and contribute to the benefit of host plants by generating a wide range of metabolites that provide the plant with survival value. Endophytes can either directly stimulate plant growth by producing phytohormones or indirectly stimulate plant growth by increasing the availability of soil nutrients to plants. Endophytes may also help suppress diseases in plants directly by neutralizing environmental toxic elements, and by inhibiting plant pathogens by antagonistic action, or indirectly by stimulating induced plant systemic resistance. Several natural compounds produced by endophytes as secondary metabolites are beneficial to both plants and humans. This is why endophytes are regarded as a significant source of novel natural products of value in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry. Endophytes are known for producing pigments, bioactive compounds, and industrially important enzymes, like glucanase, amylase, laccase, etc. Some endophytes can also produce nanoparticles that potentially have numerous applications in a variety of fields. They also play an important role in biodegradation and bioremediation, both of which are beneficial to the environment and ecology. In this review, we highlighted potential biotechnological applications of endophytic microbes, as well as their diverse importance in plant growth and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Agrawal
- VMSB Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 248001
| | - Arun Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghurdauri, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India, 246001.
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2
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Chen JJ, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yuan XL, Wang J, Yang YM, Zheng Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelia from Different Wood Substrates. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:49-59. [PMID: 36846623 PMCID: PMC9946338 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2175434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea, an edible and medicinal fungus with significant economic value and application prospects, is rich in terpenoids, benzenoids, lignans, polysaccharides, and benzoquinone, succinic and maleic derivatives. In this study, the transcriptome of A. cinnamomea cultured on the wood substrates of Cinnamomum glanduliferum (YZM), C. camphora (XZM), and C. kanehirae (NZM) was sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing technology Illumina HiSeq 2000, and the data were assembled by de novo strategy to obtain 78,729 Unigenes with an N50 of 4,463 bp. Compared with public databases, about 11,435, 6,947, and 5,994 Unigenes were annotated to the Non-Redundant (NR), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG), respectively. The comprehensive analysis of the mycelium terpene biosynthesis-related genes in A. cinnamomea revealed that the expression of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (AACT), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MVD), and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) was significantly higher on NZM compared to the other two wood substrates. Similarly, the expression of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGT) was significantly higher on YZM compared to NZM and XZM, and the expression of farnesyl transferase (FTase) was significantly higher on XZM. Furthermore, the expressions of 2,3-oxidized squalene cyclase (OCS), squalene synthase (SQS), and squalene epoxidase (SE) were significantly higher on NZM. Overall, this study provides a potential approach to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Chen
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Green Development, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Ming Yang
- Institute of Green Development, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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3
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Functional Endophytes Regulating Plant Secondary Metabolism: Current Status, Prospects and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021153. [PMID: 36674663 PMCID: PMC9867233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, are a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth and enhance plants' resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. In addition, they enhance the synthesis of important secondary metabolites in plants and improve the potential applicability of plants in agriculture, medicine, food, and horticulture. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the interaction between endophytes and plants and summarize the construction of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and metaomics analysis of the interaction between endophytes and plants. The application and development prospects of endophytes in agriculture, medicine, and other industries are also discussed to provide a reference for further study of the interaction between endophytes and plants and further development and utilization of endophytes.
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Lu Y, Tang Y, Wu Y, Zhang X, Yi Y, Wang W, Wang A, Yang M, Fan B, Chen G. Microbial transformation of betulonic acid by Circinella muscae CGMCC 3.2695 and anti-neuroinflammatory activity of the products. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113431. [PMID: 36100092 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of betulonic acid with Circinella muscae CGMCC 3.2695 yielded nine undescribed metabolites and eight known compounds. The structures of the metabolites were established based on extensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS data analyses. It is shown that C. muscae could catalyze the regioselective hydroxylation at C-2, C-7, C-15, C-16, C-21, and C-30 along with carbonylation at C-2 and C-21. Furthermore, potential anti-neuroinflammatory activities of the obtained compounds in NO production were tested in lipopolysaccharides-induced BV-2 cells. Some of the metabolites exhibited pronounced inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 4.27-16.68 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Yifei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiading District Anting Hospital, Shanghai, 201805, PR China
| | - Yanni Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Ying Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Wenli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China.
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Boyi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China.
| | - Guangtong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yuan XL, Luo YN, Luo MN, Zheng Y. Effects of Culture Mechanism of Cinnamomum kanehirae and C. camphora on the Expression of Genes Related to Terpene Biosynthesis in Antrodia cinnamomea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:121-131. [PMID: 35571860 PMCID: PMC9067962 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2059156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rare edible and medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea has a substantial potential for development. In this study, Illumina HiSeq 2000 was used to sequence its transcriptome. The results were assembled de novo, and 66,589 unigenes with an N50 of 4413 bp were obtained. Compared with public databases, 6,061, 3,257, and 2,807 unigenes were annotated to the Non-Redundant, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, respectively. The genes related to terpene biosynthesis in the mycelia of A. cinnamomea were analyzed, and acetyl CoA synthase (ACS2 and ACS4), hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR), farnesyl transferase (FTase), and squalene synthase (SQS) were found to be upregulated in XZJ (twig of C. camphora) and NZJ (twig of C. kanehirae). Moreover, ACS5 and 2,3-oxidized squalene cyclase (OCS) were highly expressed in NZJ, while heme IX farnesyl transferase (IX-FIT) and ACS3 were significantly expressed in XZJ. The differential expression of ACS1, ACS2, HMGR, IX-FIT, SQS, and OCS was confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. This study provides a new concept for the additional exploration of the molecular regulatory mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis and data for the biotechnology of terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Na Luo
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ma-Niya Luo
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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6
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Song KN, Lu YJ, Chu CJ, Wu YN, Huang HL, Fan BY, Chen GT. Biotransformation of Betulonic Acid by the Fungus Rhizopus arrhizus CGMCC 3.868 and Antineuroinflammatory Activity of the Biotransformation Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2664-2674. [PMID: 34546050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of betulonic acid (1) by Rhizopus arrhizus CGMCC 3.868 resulted in the production of 16 new (3, 5, 6, and 9-21) and five known compounds. Structures of the new compounds were established by analysis of spectroscopic data. Hydroxylation, acetylation, oxygenation, glycosylation, and addition reactions involved the C-20-C-29 double bond. Antineuroinflammatory activities of the obtained compounds in NO production were tested in lipopolysaccharides-induced BV-2 cells. Compared with the substrate betulonic acid, biotransformation products 3, 8, 9, 14, and 21 exhibited an improved inhibitory effect, with IC50 values of 10.26, 11.09, 5.38, 1.55, and 4.69 μM, lower than that of the positive control, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Nan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Jia Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jiao Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ni Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Lian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 818 Xingwan Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Tong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
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Bachořík J, Urban M. Biocatalysis in the Chemistry of Lupane Triterpenoids. Molecules 2021; 26:2271. [PMID: 33919839 PMCID: PMC8070785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes are important representatives of natural products that exhibit a wide variety of biological activities. These activities suggest that these compounds may represent potential medicines for the treatment of cancer and viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections. Naturally occurring triterpenes usually have several drawbacks, such as limited activity and insufficient solubility and bioavailability; therefore, they need to be modified to obtain compounds suitable for drug development. Modifications can be achieved either by methods of standard organic synthesis or with the use of biocatalysts, such as enzymes or enzyme systems within living organisms. In most cases, these modifications result in the preparation of esters, amides, saponins, or sugar conjugates. Notably, while standard organic synthesis has been heavily used and developed, the use of the latter methodology has been rather limited, but it appears that biocatalysis has recently sparked considerably wider interest within the scientific community. Among triterpenes, derivatives of lupane play important roles. This review therefore summarizes the natural occurrence and sources of lupane triterpenoids, their biosynthesis, and semisynthetic methods that may be used for the production of betulinic acid from abundant and inexpensive betulin. Most importantly, this article compares chemical transformations of lupane triterpenoids with analogous reactions performed by biocatalysts and highlights a large space for the future development of biocatalysis in this field. The results of this study may serve as a summary of the current state of research and demonstrate the potential of the method in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bachořík
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Urban
- Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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8
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Chen C, Song K, Zhang Y, Chu C, Fan B, Song Y, Huang H, Chen G. Biotransformation of betulinic acid by Circinella muscae and Cunninghamella echinulata to discover anti-inflammatory derivatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 182:112608. [PMID: 33310627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of betulinic acid was carried out with Circinella muscae CGMCC 3.2695 and Cunninghamella echinulata CGMCC 3.970, yielded six previously undescribed hydroxylated metabolites and four known compounds. C. muscae could catalyze the regioselecitve hydroxylation and carbonylation at C-3, C-7, C-15 and C-21 to yield seven products. C. echinulata could catalyze the C-1, C-7 and C-26 regioselecitve hydroxylation and acetylation to yield five metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were established based on extensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS data analyses. Furthermore, most of the metabolites exhibited pronounced inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharides-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Kainan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Chengjiao Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Boyi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China.
| | - Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Guangtong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China.
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Fradj N, Gonçalves Dos Santos KC, de Montigny N, Awwad F, Boumghar Y, Germain H, Desgagné-Penix I. RNA-Seq de Novo Assembly and Differential Transcriptome Analysis of Chaga ( Inonotus obliquus) Cultured with Different Betulin Sources and the Regulation of Genes Involved in Terpenoid Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4334. [PMID: 31487924 PMCID: PMC6770048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) is a medicinal fungus used in traditional medicine of Native American and North Eurasian cultures. Several studies have demonstrated the medicinal properties of chaga's bioactive molecules. For example, several terpenoids (e.g., betulin, betulinic acid and inotodiol) isolated from I. obliquus cells have proven effectiveness in treating different types of tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanisms and regulation underlying the biosynthesis of chaga terpenoids remain unknown. In this study, we report on the optimization of growing conditions for cultured I. obliquus in presence of different betulin sources (e.g., betulin or white birch bark). It was found that better results were obtained for a liquid culture pH 6.2 at 28 °C. In addition, a de novo assembly and characterization of I. obliquus transcriptome in these growth conditions using Illumina technology was performed. A total of 219,288,500 clean reads were generated, allowing for the identification of 20,072 transcripts of I. obliquus including transcripts involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. The differential expression of these genes was confirmed by quantitative-PCR. This study provides new insights on the molecular mechanisms and regulation of I. obliquus terpenoid production. It also contributes useful molecular resources for gene prediction or the development of biotechnologies for the alternative production of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimene Fradj
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Centre d'étude des Procédés Chimiques du Québec, 6220 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, QC H1N 1C1, Canada.
| | - Karen Cristine Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Nicolas de Montigny
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Fatima Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Yacine Boumghar
- Centre d'étude des Procédés Chimiques du Québec, 6220 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, QC H1N 1C1, Canada.
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
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10
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Dogan A, Anuk OO. Investigation of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) leaf infusion against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3049-3061. [PMID: 30864112 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) is used in folk medicine against tooth and knee pain, wounds, inflammation, and stomach discomfort; however, the effects of P. orientalis leaf (PO-leaf) infusion on the liver and kidney are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of an infusion obtained from dried P. orientalis leaves against ethanol-induced oxidative stress (OS) in rats. After a toxicity test, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, Ethanol 20%, Ethanol 20% + Silymarin (10 mg/kg), Ethanol 20% + PO-20 mg/mL infusion, and Ethanol 20% + PO-60 mg/mL infusion. The PO-leaf infusion doses were given ad libitum during 28 days to test the biochemical and antioxidant enzyme levels. According to the results, the PO-leaf contained rich compounds such as benzaldehyde, palmitic acid, 2,4-ditert-butylphenol, stearic acid, octadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, kaempferol, and kaempferol derivatives. In the Ethanol group, AST, ALT, LDH, GGT, UA, and urea in the serum and GST and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and erythrocyte tissues showed a significant increase compared to the Control group. AST, LDH, GGT, UA, and LDL-C levels in the serum and MDA (all tissues) significantly decreased in the Ethanol + PO-60 mg/mL group compared to the Ethanol group. SOD, GPx, and CAT activities in the kidney tissue of the Ethanol group showed a significant decrease compared to the Control group, whereas the GPx activity in kidney tissue in all of the treatment groups increased significantly compared to the Ethanol group. These findings suggest that the administration of the determined PO-leaf infusion doses might have a protective role against ethanol-induced liver and kidney damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulahad Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
| | - Ozgur Ozan Anuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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11
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Kumar D, Dubey KK. An efficient process for the transformation of betulin to betulinic acid by a strain of Bacillus megaterium. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:157. [PMID: 28623491 PMCID: PMC5473782 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid as a derivative of betulin is widely reported for its anti-HIV and antitumor activities. Betulin has three most significant positions, i.e., primary hydroxyl group at position C-28, secondary hydroxyl group at position C-3, and alkene moiety at position C-20, where chemical modifications were performed to yield pharmacologically more active derivatives. Bioconversion optimization was performed for the enhancement in the percentage of conversion using statistical approach by opting temperature, pH and betulin concentration as independent variables. Three hundred fifty isolates were screened from natural sources under selective medium containing up to 3 g/l of betulin for their tolerance and bioconversion efficiency. Isolate KD235 was found to grow in 3 g/l betulin with 23.34 ± 0.57 g/l biomass and 0.67 ± 0.06 g/l betulinic acid production. New isolate KD235 was characterized by molecular analysis and named as Bacillus megaterium KD235. Molecular characterization of a potentially active isolate for the transformation of betulin to betulinic acid was suggested as isolate Bacillus megaterium KD235. Maximum bioconversion (22 ± 1.5%) was found at optimized conditions, i.e., pH 6.5, temperature 30 °C and at 3 g/l betulin. Validations of experiments as ~11% more bioconversion i.e., 1 ± 0.1 g/l betulinic acid were obtained using 5 l lab fermenter as compared to shake flask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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12
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Tarasova EV, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB. Cell adaptations of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 66 to betulin biotransformation. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Catucci G, Romagnolo A, Spina F, Varese GC, Gilardi G, Di Nardo G. Enzyme-substrate matching in biocatalysis: in silico studies to predict substrate preference of ten putative ene-reductases from Mucor circinelloides MUT44. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Dove tree,Davidia involucrataBaill. which is endemic in western China, is not only one of the best known relict species of the tertiary, but also a famous ornamental plant with dove-shaped flowers. A diverse array of secondary metabolites have been isolated and identified fromDavidia involucrata. The 58 structures of the secondary metabolites were presented and classified as triterpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, and sterol. In addition, the biosynthetic route of some triterpenoids was proposed. Moreover, the advances in the discovery of unprecedented compounds and uncovering of notable bioactivities were highlighted in this review.
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Frolova TS, Kukina TP, Sinitsyna OI. Genotoxic and mutagenic properties of synthetic betulinic acid and betulonic acid. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:462-7. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Yang SJ, Liu MC, Zhao Q, Hu DY, Xue W, Yang S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of betulonic acid derivatives as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:58-65. [PMID: 25874331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification was performed at the C-28 position of betulonic acid (BetA). Twenty-five BetA derivatives were synthesized, and evaluated for their antitumor activities against MGC-803, PC3, Bcap-37, A375, and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Among the derivatives, most of the derivatives had significant antiproliferative ability (IC50 < 19 μM). Compound 3k, the most active compound, showed IC50 values of 3.6, 5.6, 4.2, 7.8, and 5.2 μM on the five cancer cell lines respectively, and was selected to investigate cell apoptosis by subsequent florescence staining and flow cytometry analysis. The results revealed that compound 3k could induce apoptosis in MGC-803 cell lines, and the apoptosis ratios reached 28.33% after 36 h of treatment at 10 μM. In addition, the study of cancer cell apoptotic signaling pathway indicated that the apoptosis of MGC-803 cells induced by compound 3k could be through the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Research Institute, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, PR China; Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Taizhou 225321, PR China
| | - Ming-Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Research Institute, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - De-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Sánchez-González M, Lozano-Mena G, Parra A, Juan ME, Planas JM. Identification in Rat Plasma and Urine by Linear Trap Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry of the Metabolites of Maslinic Acid, a Triterpene from Olives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1126-1132. [PMID: 25575098 DOI: 10.1021/jf505379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Maslinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid widely distributed in edible and medicinal plants with health-promoting activities. The identification and quantification of its metabolites is a requirement for a better understanding of the biological effects of this triterpene. Therefore, maslinic acid was orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. Blood and urine were withdrawn at 45 min. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate prior to liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap (LC-APCI-LTQ-Orbitrap) analysis. Screening of plasma yielded four monohydroxylated derivatives (M1-M4), one monohydroxylated and dehydrogenated metabolite (M5), and two dihydroxylated and dehydrogenated compounds (M6 and M7). In urine, M1, M4, M5, and M6 were detected. Quantification by LC-APCI-mass spectrometry (MS) revealed maslinic acid as the prevalent compound in both plasma (81.8%) and urine (73.9%), which indicates that metabolism is low and mainly attributable to phase I reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sánchez-González
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Lozano-Mena
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada , 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M Emília Juan
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana M Planas
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Tan QW, Ouyang MA, Gao B. Three new ring-A modified ursane triterpenes from Davidia involucrata. Molecules 2014; 19:4897-906. [PMID: 24747647 PMCID: PMC6271727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new ursane triterpenes, 3α,19α-dihydroxy-2-nor-urs-12-en-23,28-dioic acid-23-methyl ester (1), 19α,23-dihydroxy-3-oxo-2-nor-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), and 2,3-seco-3-methoxy-3,19α,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-2-al-28-oic acid (3), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the branch barks of Davidia involucrata, together with six known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by means of various spectroscopic analyses. The isolated triterpenes provide important evolutionary and chemotaxonomic knowledge about the monotypic genus Davidia. Five of the identified compounds showed moderate cytotoxicities against the cell proliferation of SGC-7901, MCF-7, and BEL-7404 with IC50 range from 7.26 to 47.41 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Ming-An Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Bo Gao
- Fujian International Travel Health Care Center, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
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20
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Baratto LC, Porsani MV, Pimentel IC, Pereira Netto AB, Paschke R, Oliveira BH. Preparation of betulinic acid derivatives by chemical and biotransformation methods and determination of cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:121-31. [PMID: 23973824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several novel 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone betulinic acid derivatives have been prepared by chemical and biotransformation methods using fungi and carrot cells. Some compounds showed significant cytotoxicity and selectivity against some tumor cell lines. The most active, 3-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono]lup-(20R)-29-oxolupan-28-oic acid, showed IC50 values between 1.76 and 2.51 μM against five human cancer cell lines. The most selective, 3-hydroxy-20-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono]-29-norlupan-28-oic acid, was five to seven times more selective for cancer cells when compared to fibroblasts. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction were studied for the most active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo C Baratto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-970, CP 19081 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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21
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Kumar A, Ahmad A. Biotransformation of vinblastine to vincristine by the endophytic fungusFusarium oxysporumisolated fromCatharanthus roseus. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.776544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Guo FF, Feng X, Chu ZY, Li DP, Zhang L, Zhang ZS. Microbial transformation of asiatic acid. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 15:15-21. [PMID: 23227815 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.741124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (1), a major pentacyclic triterpene of Centella asiatica, was subjected to transformation by Penicillium lilacinum ACCC 31890, Fusarium equiseti CGMCC 3.3658, and Streptomyces griseus CGMCC 4.18 strains. Incubation of asiatic acid with P. lilacinum ACCC 31890 and F. equiseti CGMCC 3.3658 gave an identical product: 2α,3β,15α,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2). Biotransformation of asiatic acid by S. griseus CGMCC 4.18 resulted in three derivatives: 2α,3β,21β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (3), 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28, 30-dioic acid (4), and 2α,3β,23,30-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5). The structures of those derivatives were deduced from their spectral data. Products (2), (3), and (4) were new compounds. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicities of those derivatives along with 1 were evaluated with several human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Guo
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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23
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Mao DB, Feng YQ, Bai YH, Xu CP. Novel biotransformation of betulin to produce betulone by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Parshikov IA, Netrusov AI, Sutherland JB. Microbial transformation of antimalarial terpenoids. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1516-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Sultana N, Saify ZS. Enzymatic biotransformation of terpenes as bioactive agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:1113-28. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.727411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex,
Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Saeed Saify
- International Center for Chemical Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi,
Karachi, Pakistan
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26
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Melnikova N, Burlova I, Kiseleva T, Klabukova I, Gulenova M, Kislitsin CAC, Vasin V, Tanaseichuk B. A practical synthesis of betulonic acid using selective oxidation of betulin on aluminium solid support. Molecules 2012; 17:11849-63. [PMID: 23085649 PMCID: PMC6268157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The room temperature oxidation of betulin by Cr(VI) compounds in aqueous acetone on solid supports such as alumina, zeolites and silica gel has been studied. The oxidation on alumina support leaded to a single product--betulonic acid--in quantitative yield. One hundred percent selective oxidation during 30 min of betulin up to betulonic aldehyde was determined when silica gel support was used. The oxidation of betulin using zeolites as a support gives a mixture of betulonic acid and aldehyde in a 2:1 ratio. It is proposed the selective oxidation up to betulonic acid is due to the influence of Al³⁺-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Melnikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin Sq. 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603-000, Russia.
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27
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McCook KP, Chen ARM, Reynolds WF, Reese PB. The potential of Cyathus africanus for transformation of terpene substrates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 82:61-66. [PMID: 22818358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal sesquiterpenes cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one and aromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one were administered to the fungus Cyathus africanus ATCC 35853. Biotransformation of the former produced (4R)-9α-hydroxycadin-10(15)-en-3-one, while the latter gave 2β-hydroxyaromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one, 2α-hydroxyaromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one and 10α-hydroxy-1β,2β-epoxyaromadendran-9-one. The bioconversion of santonin led to the production of two analogues, 11,13-dihydroxysantonin and the hitherto unreported 8α,13-dihydroxysantonin, while cedrol yielded 3β,8β-dihydroxycedrane and 3α,8β-dihydroxycedrane. Stemod-12-ene, a diterpene, was transformed to 2-oxostemar-13-ene, a hitherto unknown analogue with a rearranged carbon framework. When methyl betulonate, a triterpenoid belonging to the lupane family, was supplied to the fungus 18α-ursane and 18α-oleanane derivatives, namely 19β-hydroxy-3-oxo-18α-oleanan-28-oic acid and 19α-hydroxy-3-oxo-18α-ursan-28-oic acids, were generated. There are no previous reports of fungal transformation of a triterpene in which a skeletal rearrangement occurred. All substrate administration experiments were done in the presence of the terpene cyclase inhibitor chlorocholine chloride (CCC), using the single phase - pulse feed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayanne P McCook
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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28
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Feng Y, Li M, Liu J, Xu TY, Fang RS, Chen QH, He GQ. A novel one-step microbial transformation of betulin to betulinic acid catalysed by Cunninghamella blakesleeana. Food Chem 2012; 136:73-9. [PMID: 23017394 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid and its derivatives are potential bioactive compounds present in nature. This study investigated the biotransformation of betulin to betulinic acid by Cunninghamella blakesleeana cells. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that betulin could be transformed into at least five products from cultured C. blakesleeana cells, among which betulinic acid was the most important. The presented method provides an attractive alternative approach to chemical synthesis, because is less time-consuming and more environmentally friendly. C. blakesleeana can transform betulin into potent derivatives with high pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Nasir NM, Rahmani M, Shaari K, Cheng Lian Ee G, Go R, Kassim NK, Muhamad SNK, Iskandar MJ. Two new xanthones from Calophyllum nodusum (Guttiferae). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 16:8973-80. [PMID: 22027953 PMCID: PMC6264213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16118973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The air-dried powdered stem bark of Calophyllum nodusum (Guttiferea) collected from Sandakan (Sabah, Malaysia), was extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform and methanol. The solvents were removed by rotary evaporator to give dark viscous extracts. Detailed and repeated chromatographic separation of the extracts lead to isolation of two new xanthones, identified as nodusuxanthone (1a) and trapezifolixanthone A (2). Other common terpenoids such as betulinic acid, lupeol, stigmasterol and friedelin were also isolated from the extracts and identified. The structures of the compounds were established by detailed spectral analysis and comparison with previously reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Mad Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Fax: +60-03-89435380
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Rusea Go
- Department of Biology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Johadi Iskandar
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
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Effect of ionic liquid-containing system on betulinic acid production from betulin biotransformation by cultured Armillaria luteo-virens Sacc cells. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Muffler K, Leipold D, Scheller MC, Haas C, Steingroewer J, Bley T, Neuhaus HE, Mirata MA, Schrader J, Ulber R. Biotransformation of triterpenes. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Pimentel MR, Molina G, Dionísio AP, Maróstica Junior MR, Pastore GM. The use of endophytes to obtain bioactive compounds and their application in biotransformation process. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 2011:576286. [PMID: 21350663 PMCID: PMC3042614 DOI: 10.4061/2011/576286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that reside asymptomatically in the tissues of higher plants and are a promising source of novel organic natural metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. The laboratory of Bioaromas (Unicamp, Brazil) develops research in biotransformation processes and functional evaluation of natural products. With the intent to provide subsidies for studies on endophytic microbes related to areas cited before, this paper focuses particularly on the role of endophytes on the production of anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds and includes examples that illustrate their potential for human use. It also describes biotransformation as an auspicious method to obtain novel bioactive compounds from microbes. Biotransformation allows the production of regio- and stereoselective compounds under mild conditions that can be labeled as "natural," as discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Recco Pimentel
- Laboratory of Bioflavors,Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Bioflavors,Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Laboratory of Bioflavors,Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Maria Pastore
- Laboratory of Bioflavors,Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Liu J, Fu ML, Chen QH. Biotransformation optimization of betulin into betulinic acid production catalysed by cultured Armillaria luteo-virens Sacc ZJUQH100-6 cells. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 110:90-7. [PMID: 20860772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Betulinic acid has attracted attention in terms of its important biological and pharmacological characteristics. The main objective of this work was to optimize the variables of biotransformation process in order to enhance betulinic acid production from betulin catalysed by fungus Armillaria luteo-virens Sacc ZJUQH100-6. METHODS AND RESULTS Fractional factorial design and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the main parameters that affect betulinic acid production in the growing-cells system. Results indicated that the addition of Tween 80 and substrate concentration were identified as the significant factors on betulinic acid formation, and the central composite experimental design was then adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing biotransformation conditions. The optimum conditions were observed at pH 6·0, 0·57% Tween 80, 15 mg l(-1) betulin and at 3 days of stage of inoculation. CONCLUSIONS Under the optimized conditions, the highest productivity of betulinic acid predicted was 9·32%, which increased by 74·53% in comparison with that of the nonoptimized. The verified experiment revealed that the model can well simulate betulin biotransformation. Moreover, the bioconversion of betulin and betulin-28-monooxygenase activities was compared between the optimized and the nonoptimized conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Current data imply that betulinic acid production from betulin can be effectively enhanced through biotransformation optimization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Screening of filamentous fungi to identify biocatalysts for lupeol biotransformation. Molecules 2010; 15:6140-51. [PMID: 20877212 PMCID: PMC6257759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15096140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the study was to evaluate the ability of filamentous fungi to biotransform the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol. The microbial transformations were carried out in shake flasks in different media. Experiments were also run with control flasks. Samples of each culture were taken every 24 hours, extracted with ethyl acetate, and analyzed by GC-MS. The biotransformation of lupeol by Aspergillus ochraceus and Mucor rouxii afforded two compounds in each culture, which were detected in the cultures developed for more than seven days only in the Koch’s K1 medium. The obtained data demonstrated that A. ochraceus is a good biocatalyst to introduce double bonds in the lupeol structure, whereas M. rouxii exhibits ability to biocatalyze oxygen insertions in that pentacyclic triterpene. Mass spectrometry was demonstrated to be an efficient analytical method to select promising biocatalysts for the compound investigated in this study. The biotransformation processes were influenced by the culture medium and incubation period. The obtained results open the perspective of using A. ochraceus and M. rouxii in pentacyclic triterpene biotransformations.
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Endophytes: a potential resource for biosynthesis, biotransformation, and biodegradation. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Martins LR, Takahashi JA. Rearrangement and oxidation of beta-amyrin promoted by growing cells of Lecanicillium muscarinium. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24:767-74. [PMID: 20432159 DOI: 10.1080/14786410903262865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of beta-amyrin by growing cells of the fungus Lecanicillium muscarinium (former Cephalosporium aphidicola) was successfully accomplished after 15 days of incubation with orbital shaking at 120 rpm. Two products purified by column chromatography were identified by 1H and 13C mono- and bi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance as 3beta-hydroxy-olean-12-en-11-one and 11alpha,12alpha-oxidotaraxerol; these later formed new compounds formed by an interesting oxidative rearrangement of the starting material, probably via an initial hydroxylation at C-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ribeiro Martins
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Simanjunta P, Prana T, Wulandari D, Dharmawan A, Sumitro E, Hendriyant M. Chemical Studies on a Curcumin Analogue Produced by Endophytic Fungal Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2010.60.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen QH, Liu J, Zhang HF, He GQ, Fu ML. The betulinic acid production from betulin through biotransformation by fungi. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kuo RY, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Plant-derived triterpenoids and analogues as antitumor and anti-HIV agents. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1321-44. [PMID: 19779642 DOI: 10.1039/b810774m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reen-Yen Kuo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
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Salvador JAR, Pinto RMA, Santos RC, Le Roux C, Beja AM, Paixão JA. Bismuth triflate-catalyzed Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement in terpenes. Application to the synthesis of the 18α-oleanane core and A-neo-18α-oleanene compounds from lupanes. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:508-17. [DOI: 10.1039/b814448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yang GE, Zhang Z, Bai H, Gong J, Wang Y, Li B, Li J. Biotransformation of β-amyrin acetate by Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:558-61. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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