1
|
Loh ZH, Kwong HC, Lam KW, Teh SS, Ee GCL, Quah CK, Ho ASH, Mah SH. New 3- O-substituted xanthone derivatives as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:627-639. [PMID: 33557647 PMCID: PMC8759733 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1882452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of 3-O-substituted xanthone derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their anti-cholinergic activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The results indicated that the xanthone derivatives possessed good AChE inhibitory activity with eleven of them (5, 8, 11, 17, 19, 21-23, 26-28) exhibited significant effects with the IC50 values ranged 0.88 to 1.28 µM. The AChE enzyme kinetic study of 3-(4-phenylbutoxy)-9H-xanthen-9-one (23) and ethyl 2-((9-oxo-9H-xanthen-3-yl)oxy)acetate (28) showed a mixed inhibition mechanism. Molecular docking study showed that 23 binds to the active site of AChE and interacts via extensive π–π stacking with the indole and phenol side chains of Trp86 and Tyr337, besides the hydrogen bonding with the hydration site and π–π interaction with the phenol side chain of Y72. This study revealed that 3-O-alkoxyl substituted xanthone derivatives are potential lead structures, especially 23 and 28 which can be further developed into potent AChE inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Han Loh
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Huey Chong Kwong
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | | | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
See I, Ee GCL, Jong VYM, Teh SS, Acuña CLC, Mah SH. Cytotoxic activity of phytochemicals from Garcinia mangostana L. and G. benthamiana (Planch. & Triana) Pipoly against breast cancer cells. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6184-6189. [PMID: 33094642 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1836629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Four xanthones, α-mangostin (1), β-mangostin (2), mangostenol (3), mangaxanthone B (4), three benzophenones, mangaphenone (5), benthamianone (6), congestiflorone (7) and one sterol, stigmasterol (8) were isolated from the stem barks of Garcinia mangostana L. and G. benthamiana (Planch. & Triana) Pipoly. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 exhibited significant cytotoxicity through MTT assay towards MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with the IC50 values range from 4.4 to 12.0 µM. Remarkably, mangaphenone (5) showed non-cytotoxicity against normal Vero cells, revealing its potential as lead compound for anti-breast cancer drug. Structure-activity relationship postulated that the prenyl and hydroxyl groups present in xanthones are important in promoting anti-proliferative effects. Molecular docking simulation study of 1, 2, 4 and 5 with 2OCF and 4PIV implied that the induction of apoptosis for both cancer cells involve ER and FAS signaling pathways. Future study on the lead optimization of 5 is highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vivien Yi Mian Jong
- Centre of Applied Science Studies, Universiti Technology MARA, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Energy and Environment, Engineering & Processing Division, Malaysia Palm Oil Board, Bangi Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Carlos L Céspedes Acuña
- Phytochemical Ecology Lab, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Basic Sciences Department, University of Bio Bio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Daud S, Karunakaran T, Santhanam R, Nagaratnam SR, Jong VYM, Ee GCL. Cytotoxicity and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of Xanthones isolated from Calophyllum hosei Ridl. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6067-6072. [PMID: 32901512 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1819273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on Calophyllum species have shown the existence of a wide variety of bioactive xanthones and coumarins. Phytochemical investigations carried out on the plant, Calophyllum hosei led to the isolation of eleven known xanthones, ananixanthone (1), 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (2), dombakinaxanthone (3), thwaitesixanthone (4), caloxanthone B (5), trapezifolixanthone (6), β-mangostin (7), osajaxanthone (8), caloxanthone A (9), calozeyloxanthone (10) and rubraxanthone (11). The structures of these compounds were identified and elucidated using spectroscopic techniques such as NMR and MS. The cytotoxicity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activities of selected xanthones as well as the extracts were tested against HL-60 cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, respectively. Among all tested compounds, β-mangostin exhibited appreciable cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with the IC50 value of 7.16 ± 0.70 µg/mL and rubraxanthone exhibited significant nitric oxide inhibitory activity against LPS induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages with the IC50 value of 6.45 ± 0.15 µg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaari Daud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Thiruventhan Karunakaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | | | - Vivien Yi Mian Jong
- Centre of Applied Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lim CJ, Lim CK, Ee GCL. Concentration-dependent physicochemical behaviors and micellar interactions in polyalkoxylated fatty alcohol-based binary surfactant systems. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1777152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaw Jiang Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chan Kiang Lim
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zamakshshari NH, Ee GCL, Ismail IS, Ibrahim Z, Mah SH. Cytotoxic xanthones isolated from Calophyllum depressinervosum and Calophyllum buxifolium with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110800. [PMID: 31479710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The stem bark of Calophyllum depressinervosum and Calophyllum buxifolium were extracted and examined for their antioxidant activities, together with cytotoxicity towards human cancer cells. The methanol extract of C. depressinervosum exhibited good DPPH and NO scavenging effects. The strongest BCB inhibition and FIC effects were shown by dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of both species. Overall, DPPH, FRAP and FIC assays showed strong correlation with TPC. For cytotoxicity, hexane extract of C. depressinervosum possessed the strongest anti-proliferative activities towards SNU-1 cells while the hexane extract of C. buxifolium showed the strongest activity towards LS-174T and K562 cells with the IC50 values ranging from 7 to 17 μg/mL. The purification of plant extracts afforded eight xanthones, ananixanthone (1), caloxanthone B (2), caloxanthone I (3), caloxanthone J (4) xanthochymone B (5), thwaitesixanthone (6), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (7) and dombakinaxanthone (8). All the xanthones, except 1 were reported for the first time from both Calophyllum species. The xanthones were examined for their cytotoxic effect against K562 leukemic cells. Compounds 1 and 2 showed strong cytotoxicity with the IC50 values of 2.96 and 1.23 μg/mL, respectively. The molecular binding interaction of 2 was further investigated by performing molecular docking study with promising protein receptor Src kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hisam Zamakshshari
- Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Wellness Research Cluster, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zalikha Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota Campus, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdulwanis Mohamed Z, Mohamed Eliaser E, Mazzon E, Rollin P, Cheng Lian Ee G, Abdull Razis AF. Neuroprotective Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Melicope lunu-ankenda (Rutaceae). Molecules 2019; 24:E3109. [PMID: 31461914 PMCID: PMC6749319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant natural compounds have great potential as alternative medicines for preventing and treating diseases. Melicope lunu-ankenda is one Melicope species (family Rutaceae), which is widely used in traditional medicine, consumed as a salad and a food seasoning. Consumption of different parts of this plant has been reported to exert different biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities, resulting in a protective effect against several health disorders including neurodegenerative diseases. Various secondary metabolites such as phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids, coumarins and alkaloids, isolated from the M. lunu-ankenda plant, were demonstrated to have neuroprotective activities and also exert many other beneficial biological effects. A number of studies have revealed different neuroprotective mechanisms for these secondary metabolites. This review summarizes the most significant and recent studies for neuroprotective activity of M. lunu-ankenda major secondary metabolites in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdulwanis Mohamed
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Enas Mohamed Eliaser
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, El-Mergib University, El Khums, Libya
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lim CJ, Lim CK, Ee GCL, Basri M. Formation of liquid crystal/gel emulsions to nano-emulsions constructed by polyalkoxylated fatty alcohol (PAFA)-based mixed surfactant systems. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1491859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaw Jiang Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Chan Kiang Lim
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Kampar , Perak , Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Mahiran Basri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eliaser EM, Ho JH, Hashim NM, Rukayadi Y, Ee GCL, Razis AFA. Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Melicope lunu-ankenda. Molecules 2018; 23:E2708. [PMID: 30347850 PMCID: PMC6222432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, either pure compounds or standardized plant extracts, have provided opportunities for the discovery of new drugs. Nowadays, most of the world's population still relies on traditional medicines for healthcare purposes. Plants, in particular, are always used as traditional medicine, as they contain a diverse number of phytochemicals that can be used for the treatment of diseases. The multicomponent feature in the plants is considered a positive phytotherapeutic hallmark. Hence, ethnopharmacognosy has been the focus for finding alternative treatments for diseases. Melicope lunu-ankenda, also known as Euodia lunu-ankenda, is widely distributed in tropical regions of Asia. Different parts of M. lunu-ankenda have been used for treatment of hypertension, menstrual disorder, diabetes, and fever, and as an emmenagogue and tonic. It has also been consumed as salad and as a condiment for food flavorings. The justification of use of M. lunu-ankenda in folk medicines is supported by its reported biological activities, including its cytotoxic, antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review summarizes the phytochemical compounds isolated from various parts of M. lunu-ankenda, such as root and leaves, and also its biological activities, which could make the species a new therapeutic agent for some diseases, including diabetes, in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enas Mohamed Eliaser
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Hui Ho
- Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Center of Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karunakaran T, Ismail IS, Ee GCL, Nor SMM, Palachandran K, Santhanam RK. Nitric oxide inhibitory and anti- Bacillus activity of phenolic compounds and plant extracts from Mesua species. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Keng Hong Tee
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Soek Sin Teh
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering & Processing Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Vivien Yi Mian Jong
- Centre of Applied Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Siti Mariam Mohd Nor
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Loh ZH, Mah SH, Teh SS, Ee GCL. Synthesis and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities of New Xanthone Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
12
|
Mah SH, Teh SS, Ee GCL. Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:920-928. [PMID: 28152649 PMCID: PMC6130616 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC50 values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC50 of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Engineering and Processing, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kar Wei L, Zamakshshari NH, Ee GCL, Mah SH, Mohd Nor SM. Isolation and structural modifications of ananixanthone from Calophyllum teysmannii and their cytotoxic activities. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2147-2151. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1367781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kar Wei
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hisam Zamakshshari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Mariam Mohd Nor
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Karunakaran T, Ee GCL, Ismail IS, Mohd Nor SM, Zamakshshari NH. Acetyl- and O-alkyl- derivatives of β-mangostin from Garcinia mangostana and their anti-inflammatory activities. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1390-1394. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1350666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Biosience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Mariam Mohd Nor
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hisam Zamakshshari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yeap YSY, Kassim NK, Ng RC, Ee GCL, Saiful Yazan L, Musa KH. Antioxidant properties of ginger (Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc.) and its chemical markers. International Journal of Food Properties 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1286508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunie Soon Yu Yeap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rou Chian Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Hamid Musa
- Food Science Program, School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Woong Wong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Vivien Yi Mian Jong
- Centre of Applied Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kuching, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
See I, Ee GCL, Mah SH, Jong VYM, Teh SS. Effect of Solvents on Phytochemical Concentrations and Antioxidant Activity of Garcinia benthamiana Stem Bark Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2016.1272523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahmad Z, Ng CT, Fong LY, Bakar NAA, Hussain NHM, Ang KP, Ee GCL, Hakim MN. Cryptotanshinone inhibits TNF-α-induced early atherogenic events in vitro. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:213-20. [PMID: 26732386 PMCID: PMC10717559 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been effectively used to treat cardiovascular disease. Cryptotanshinone (CTS), a major lipophilic compound isolated from S. miltiorrhiza, has been reported to possess cardioprotective effects. However, the anti-atherogenic effects of CTS, particularly on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced endothelial cell activation, are still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of CTS on TNF-α-induced increased endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and impaired nitric oxide production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), all of which are early events occurring in atherogenesis. We showed that CTS significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced increased endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and MCP-1, and restored nitric oxide production. These observations suggest that CTS possesses anti-inflammatory properties and could be a promising treatment for the prevention of cytokine-induced early atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hayuti Mohd Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Pian Ang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Teh SS, Ee GCL, Mah SH, Ahmad Z. Structure–activity relationship study of secondary metabolites from Mesua beccariana, Mesua ferrea and Mesua congestiflora for anti-cholinesterase activity. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Sidahmed HMA, Hashim NM, Mohan S, Abdelwahab SI, Taha MME, Dehghan F, Yahayu M, Ee GCL, Loke MF, Vadivelu J. Evidence of the gastroprotective and anti- Helicobacter pylori activities of β-mangostin isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens (vahl) blume. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:297-313. [PMID: 26834460 PMCID: PMC4716727 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s80625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose β-Mangostin (BM) from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrated various pharmacological activities such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory. In this study, we aimed to investigate its antiulcer activity against ethanol ulcer model in rats. Materials and methods BM was isolated from C. arborescens. Gastric acid output, ulcer index, gross evaluation, mucus production, histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining and immunohistochemical localization for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bax proteins were investigated. Possible involvement of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, prostaglandin E2, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, radical scavenging, nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds, and anti-Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Results BM showed antisecretory activity against the pylorus ligature model. The pretreatment with BM protect gastric mucosa from ethanol damaging effect as seen by the improved gross and histological appearance. BM significantly reduced the ulcer area formation, the submucosal edema, and the leukocytes infiltration compared to the ulcer control. The compound showed intense periodic acid–Schiff staining to the gastric mucus layer and marked amount of alcian blue binding to free gastric mucus. BM significantly increased the gastric homogenate content of prostaglandin E2 glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds. The compound inhibited the lipid peroxidation revealed by the reduced gastric content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, BM upregulate HSP70 expression and downregulate Bax expression. Furthermore, the compound showed interesting anti-H. pylori activity. Conclusion Thus, it could be concluded that BM possesses gastroprotective activity, which could be attributed to the antisecretory, mucus production, antioxidant, HSP70, antiapoptotic, and anti-H. pylori mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Firouzeh Dehghan
- Department of Exercise Science, Sports Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizatulakmal Yahayu
- Department of Bioproduct Research and Innovation, Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
A new alkylated coumarin derivative, hexapetarin (1) along with three other xanthones, trapezifolixanthone (2), cudraxanthone G (3) and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,4-di (3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone (4), and four common triterpenoids, friedelin (5), stigmasterol (6), beta-sitosterol (7) and gamma-sitosterol (8) were isolated from the stem bark of Mesua hexapetala (Clusiaceae), a plant, native to Malaysia. The structures of these compounds were elucidated and determined using spectroscopic techniques such as NMR and MS. Anti-inflammatory activity assay indicated hexapetarin (1) to possess moderate anti-inflammatory activity, while 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,4-di (3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone (4) gave very good activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soek Sin Teh
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Shaari Daud
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,b Faculty of Applied Science , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Jengka , Malaysia
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- c School of Biosciences , Taylor's University , Subang Jaya , Malaysia
| | - Chan Kiang Lim
- d Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Kampar , Malaysia
| | - Vivien Yi Mian Jong
- e Centre of Applied Science Studies , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Kuching , Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- f Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ee GCL, Teh SS, Mah SH, Jamaluddin NA, Sahimi MSBM, Ahmad Z. Acetyl-cholinesterase Enzyme Inhibitory Effect of Calophyllum species. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i11.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
23
|
Bin Ismail AAF, Ee GCL, Bin Daud S, Teh SS, Hashim NM, Awang K. Venuloxanthone, a new pyranoxanthone from the stem bark of Calophyllum venulosum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2015; 17:1104-1108. [PMID: 26023810 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1047353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new pyranoxanthone, venuloxanthone (1), was isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum venulosum, together with three other xanthones, tovopyrifolin C (2), ananixanthone (3) and caloxanthone I (4), along with two common triterpenes, friedelin (5) and lupeol (6). The structures of these compounds were identified using several spectroscopic analyses which are NMR, GCMS and FTIR experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Azri Fitri Bin Ismail
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang 43400 , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang 43400 , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Shaari Bin Daud
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang 43400 , Selangor , Malaysia
- b Chemistry Department , Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Jengka 26400 , Pahang , Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang 43400 , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- c Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- d Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mah SH, Lian Ee GC, Teh SS, Sukari MA. Antiproliferative xanthone derivatives from Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:425-429. [PMID: 25730799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships of eleven xanthones were comparatively predicted for four cancer cell lines after the compounds were subjected to antiproliferative assay against B-lymphocyte cells (Raji), colon carcinoma cells (LS174T), human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) and skin carcinoma cells (SK-MEL-28). The eleven chemical constituents were obtained naturally from the stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri. Inophinnin (1) and inophinone (2) were isolated from Calophyllum inophyllum while soulattrin (3) and phylattrin (4) were found from Calophyllum soulattri. The other xanthones were from both Calophyllum sp. and they are pyranojacareubin (5), rheediaxanthone A (6), macluraxanthone (7), 4-hydroxyxanthone (8), caloxanthone C (9), brasixanthone B (10) and trapezifolixanthone (11). Compound 3 was found to be the most cytotoxic towards all the cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 1.25μg/mL while the simplest xanthone, compound 8 was inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siau Hui Mah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia / School of Bioscience, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Aspollah Sukari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ibrahim MY, Mohd Hashim N, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, Abdelwahab SI, Kamalidehghan B, Ghaderian M, Dehghan F, Ali LZ, Karimian H, Yahayu M, Ee GCL, Farjam AS, Mohd Ali H. Involvement of NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by a prenylated xanthone compound, α-mangostin, from Cratoxylum arborescens. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:2193-211. [PMID: 25395836 PMCID: PMC4227646 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Cratoxylum arborescens has been used traditionally in Malaysia for the treatment of various ailments. Methods α-Mangostin (AM) was isolated from C. arborescens and its cell death mechanism was investigated. AM-induced cytotoxicity was observed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and annexin V were used to detect cells in early phases of apoptosis. High-content screening was used to observe the nuclear condensation, cell permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. The role of caspases-3/7, -8, and -9, reactive oxygen species, Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and cell cycle arrest were also investigated. To determine the role of the central apoptosis-related proteins, a protein array followed by immunoblot analysis was conducted. Moreover, the involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was also analyzed. Results Apoptosis was confirmed by the apoptotic cells stained with annexin V and increase in chromatin condensation in nucleus. Treatment of cells with AM promoted cell death-transducing signals that reduced MMP by downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, triggering cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol. The released cytochrome c triggered the activation of caspase-9 followed by the executioner caspase-3/7 and then cleaved the PARP protein. Increase of caspase-8 showed the involvement of extrinsic pathway. AM treatment significantly arrested the cells at the S phase (P<0.05) concomitant with an increase in reactive oxygen species. The protein array and Western blotting demonstrated the expression of HSP70. Moreover, AM significantly blocked the induced translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus. Conclusion Together, the results demonstrate that the AM isolated from C. arborescens inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death, which was suggested to occur through both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways with involvement of the NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yousif Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mostafa Ghaderian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Epigenetics Lab, HIR Building, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Firouzeh Dehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Landa Zeenelabdin Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizatulakmal Yahayu
- Department of Bioproduct Research and Innovation, Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mah SH, Ee GCL, Teh SS, Sukari MA. Calophyllum inophyllumandCalophyllum soulattrisource of anti-proliferative xanthones and their structure–activity relationships. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:98-101. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.959949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
27
|
Abstract
A new coumarin, hoseimarin (1), together with four other xanthones, trapezifolizanthone (2), osajaxanthone (3), β-mangostin (4) and caloxanthone A (5), were isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum hosei. The structures of these compounds were established by using spectroscopic analysis which included (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, COSY, DEPT, HMQC and HMBC experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaari Bin Daud
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chew YL, Lim YY, Stanslas J, Ee GCL, Goh JK. Bioactivity-guided isolation of anticancer agents from Bauhinia kockiana Korth. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014; 11:291-9. [PMID: 25371595 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowers of Bauhinia kockiana were investigated for their anticancer properties. METHODS Gallic acid (1), and methyl gallate (2), were isolated via bioassay-directed isolation, and they exhibited anticancer properties towards several cancer cell lines, examined using MTT cell viability assay. Pyrogallol (3) was examined against the same cancer cell lines to deduce the bioactive functional group of the phenolic compounds. RESULTS The results showed that the phenolic compounds could exhibit moderate to weak cytotoxicity towards certain cell lines (GI50 30 - 86 µM), but were inactive towards DU145 prostate cancer cell (GI50 > 100 µM). CONCLUSION It was observed that pyrogallol moiety was one of the essential functional structures of the phenolic compounds in exhibiting anticancer activity. Also, the carboxyl group of compound 1 was also important in anticancer activity. Examination of the PC-3 cells treated with compound 1 using fluorescence microscopy showed that PC-3 cells were killed by apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yik Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University Kuala, Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Yau Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Selangor, Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia ; Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Joo Kheng Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Selangor, Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Our phytochemical study on the stem bark of Garcinia mangostana has led to the discovery of a new furanoxanthone, mangaxanthone A (1), together with five known analogs. The five known analogs that were isolated are α-mangostin (2), β-mangostin (3), cowagarcinone B (4), and dulcisxanthone F (5). The structural elucidations of these compounds were carried out by interpreting their spectroscopic data, mainly 1D and 2D NMR spectra and MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang 43400 , Selangor , Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kassim NK, Rahmani M, Ismail A, Sukari MA, Ee GCL, Nasir NM, Awang K. Antioxidant activity-guided separation of coumarins and lignan from Melicope glabra (Rutaceae). Food Chem 2013; 139:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Daud S, Cheng Lian Ee G, Malek EA, Sin Teh S. Secondary Metabolites from Calophyllum Sclerophyllum and Calophyllum Hoseii. TOPROCJ 2013; 4:125-125. [DOI: 10.2174/2210289201304010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
32
|
Teh SS, Ee GCL, Mah SH, Lim YM, Ahmad Z. Cytotoxicity and structure-activity relationships of xanthone derivatives from Mesua beccariana, Mesua ferrea and Mesua congestiflora towards nine human cancer cell lines. Molecules 2013; 18:1985-94. [PMID: 23381024 PMCID: PMC6270040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic structure-activity relationships among a series of xanthone derivatives from Mesua beccariana, Mesua ferrea and Mesua congestiflora were studied. Eleven xanthone derivatives identified as mesuarianone (1), mesuasinone (2), mesuaferrin A (3), mesuaferrin B (4), mesuaferrin C (5), 6-deoxyjacareubin (6), caloxanthone C (7), macluraxanthone (8), 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (9), tovopyrifolin C (10) and α-mangostin (11) were isolated from the three Mesua species. The human cancer cell lines tested were Raji, SNU-1, K562, LS-174T, SK-MEL-28, IMR-32, HeLa, Hep G2 and NCI-H23. Mesuaferrin A (3), macluraxanthone (8) and α-mangostin (11) showed strong cytotoxicities as they possess significant inhibitory effects against all the cell lines. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that the diprenyl, dipyrano and prenylated pyrano substituent groups of the xanthone derivatives contributed towards the cytotoxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-8946-6785
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Teh SS, Cheng Lian Ee G, Mah SH, Lim YM, Rahmani M. Mesua beccariana (Clusiaceae), a source of potential anti-cancer lead compounds in drug discovery. Molecules 2012; 17:10791-800. [PMID: 22964497 PMCID: PMC6268802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation on biologically active secondary metabolites from the stem bark of Mesua beccariana was carried out. A new cyclodione, mesuadione (1), along with several known constituents which are beccamarin (2), 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxy anthraquinone (3), 4-methoxy-1,3,5-trihydroxyanthraquinone (4), betulinic acid (5) and stigmasterol (6) were obtained from this ongoing research. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D-NMR, GC-MS, IR and UV techniques. Preliminary tests of the in vitro cytotoxic activities of all the isolated metabolites against a panel of human cancer cell lines Raji (lymphoma), SNU-1 (gastric carcinoma), K562 (erythroleukemia cells), LS-174T (colorectal adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervical cells), SK-MEL-28 (malignant melanoma cells), NCI-H23 (lung adenocarcinoma), IMR-32 (neuroblastoma) and Hep-G2 (hepatocellular liver carcinoma) were carried out using an MTT assay. Mesuadione (1), beccamarin (2), betulinic acid (5) and stigmasterol (6) displayed strong inhibition of Raji cell proliferation, while the proliferation rate of SK-MEL-28 and HeLa were strongly inhibited by stigmasterol (6) and beccamarin (2), indicating these secondary metabolites could be anti-cancer lead compounds in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +603-8946-6785
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mah SH, Ee GCL, Teh SS, Rahmani M, Lim YM, Go R. Phylattrin, a new cytotoxic xanthone from Calophyllum soulattri. Molecules 2012; 17:8303-11. [PMID: 22781442 PMCID: PMC6268770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our continuing studies on secondary metabolites from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri has led to the isolation of another new diprenylated xanthone, phylattrin (1), in addition to five other xanthones and two common sterols. The xanthones are soulattrin (2), caloxanthone C (3), macluraxanthone (4), brasixanthone B (5) and trapezifolixanthone (6) while the sterols are stigmasterol (7) and β-sitosterol (8). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses such as 1D and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS, IR and UV. Compounds 1-7 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against SNU-1, HeLa, Hep G2, NCI-H23, K562, Raji, LS174T, IMR-32 and SK-MEL-28 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siau Hui Mah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusea Go
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hashim NM, Rahmani M, Ee GCL, Sukari MA, Yahayu M, Amin MAM, Ali AM, Go R. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of xanthones isolated from Artocarpus obtusus F.M. Jarrett. Molecules 2012; 17:6071-82. [PMID: 22614861 PMCID: PMC6268949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising plants in biological screening test results of thirteen Artocarpus species was Artocarpus obtusus FM Jarrett and detailed phytochemical investigation of powdered dried bark of the plant has led to the isolation and identification of three xanthones; pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1), dihydroartoindonesianin C (2) and pyranocycloartobiloxanthone B (3). These compounds were screened for antioxidant, antimicrobial and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A (1) exhibited a strong free radical scavenger towards DPPH free radicals with IC50 value of 2 µg/mL with prominent discoloration observed in comparison with standard ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and quercetin, The compound also exhibited antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC3359) and Bacillus subtilis (clinically isolated) with inhibition zone of 20 and 12 mm, respectively. However the other two xanthones were found to be inactive. For the tyrosinase inhibitory activity, again compound (1) displayed strong activity comparable with the standard kojic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najihah Mohd. Hashim
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-8946-6794; Fax: +603-8943-5380
| | | | - Mohd Aspollah Sukari
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizatulakmal Yahayu
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Abd Manaf Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rusea Go
- Department of Biology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chan KM, Hamzah R, Rahaman AA, Jong VYM, Khong HY, Rajab NF, Ee GCL, Inayat-Hussain SH. The pyranoxanthone inophyllin A induces oxidative stress mediated-apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2916-22. [PMID: 22613213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inophyllin A (INO-A), a pyranoxanthone isolated from the roots of Calophyllum inophyllum represents a new xanthone with potential chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, the molecular mechanism of INO-A-induced cell death was investigated in Jurkat T lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Assessment of phosphatidylserine exposure confirmed apoptosis as the primary mode of cell death in INO-A-treated Jurkat cells. INO-A treatment for only 30 min resulted in a significant increase of tail moment which suggests that DNA damage is an early apoptotic signal. Further flow cytometric assessment of the superoxide anion level confirmed that INO-A induced DNA damage was mediated with a concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Investigation on the thiols revealed an early decrease of free thiols in 30 min after 50 μM INO-A treatment. Using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, a potentiometric dye, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MPP) was observed in INO-A-treated cells as early as 30 min. The INO-A-induced apoptosis progressed with the simultaneous activation of caspases-2 and -9 which then led to the processing of caspase-3. Taken together, these data demonstrate that INO-A induced early oxidative stress, DNA damage and loss of MMP which subsequently led to the activation of an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in Jurkat cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kok Meng Chan
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ee GCL, Teh SS, Kwong HC, Mohamed Tahir MI, Mah SH. rac-[3-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-1,9-epoxybenzo[c]chromen-4-yl](phenyl)methanone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1091-2. [PMID: 22589954 PMCID: PMC3344045 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812010756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound congestiflorone, C(28)H(32)O(4), which was isolated from the stem bark of Mesua congestiflora, consists of a benzophenone skeleton with two attached pyran rings to which a cyclo-hexane ring and a C6 side chain are bonded. The benzene ring is significantly distorted from planarity (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0007 Å) due to the constraints imposed by junctions with the two pyran rings. The cyclo-hexane ring is in a chair conformation, one pyran ring is in a boat conformation, while the other is a distorted chair. The phenyl and benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 55.85 (9)°. An intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O inter-actions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Nasir NM, Rahmani M, Shaari K, Cheng Lian Ee G, Go R, Kassim NK, Muhamad SNK, Iskandar MJ. Two new xanthones from Calophyllum nodusum (Guttiferae). Molecules 2011; 16:8973-80. [PMID: 22027953 PMCID: PMC6264213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16118973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The air-dried powdered stem bark of Calophyllum nodusum (Guttiferea) collected from Sandakan (Sabah, Malaysia), was extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform and methanol. The solvents were removed by rotary evaporator to give dark viscous extracts. Detailed and repeated chromatographic separation of the extracts lead to isolation of two new xanthones, identified as nodusuxanthone (1a) and trapezifolixanthone A (2). Other common terpenoids such as betulinic acid, lupeol, stigmasterol and friedelin were also isolated from the extracts and identified. The structures of the compounds were established by detailed spectral analysis and comparison with previously reported data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Mad Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Fax: +60-03-89435380
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Rusea Go
- Department of Biology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Johadi Iskandar
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The stem bark extracts of Calophyllum inophyllum furnished one new furanoxanthone, inophinnin (1), in addition to inophyllin A (2), macluraxanthone (3), pyranojacareubin (4), 4-hydroxyxanthone, friedelin, stigmasterol, and betulinic acid. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data ((1)H, (13)C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) while EI-MS gave the molecular mass. The new xanthone, inophinnin (1), exhibited some anti-inflammatory activity in nitric oxide assay.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ee GCL, Mah SH, Kwong HC, Teh SS, Mohamed Tahir MI, Silong S. Caloxanthone C: a pyran-oxanthone from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2607-8. [PMID: 22064829 PMCID: PMC3201296 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811036294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 5,10-di-hy-droxy-2,2-di-methyl-12-(2-methyl-but-3-en-2-yl)-pyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6(2H)-one], C(23)H(22)O(5), isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri, consists of four six-membered rings and a 2-methyl-but-3-en-2-yl side chain. The tricyclic xanthone ring system is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.093 (2) Å], whereas the pyran-oid ring is in a distorted boat conformation. The 2-methyl-but-3-en-2-yl side chain is in a synperiplanar conformation. There are two intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a zigzag chain propagating in [010].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ee GCL, Teh SS, Mah SH, Rahmani M, Taufiq-Yap YH, Awang K. A novel cyclodione coumarin from the stem bark of Mesua beccariana. Molecules 2011; 16:7249-55. [PMID: 21869752 PMCID: PMC6264590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ongoing investigations on the stem bark of Mesua beccariana afforded a novel cyclodione coumarin, beccamarin, together with two known xanthones, mesuarianone, mesuasinone, two anthraquinones, 4-methoxy-1,3,5-trihydroxy-anthraquinone and 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxyanthraquinone and one coumarin, mammea A/AB. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.S.T.); (S.H.M.); (M.R.); (Y.H.T.-Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.:+603-8946-6785; Fax: +603-89435380
| | - Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.S.T.); (S.H.M.); (M.R.); (Y.H.T.-Y.)
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.S.T.); (S.H.M.); (M.R.); (Y.H.T.-Y.)
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.S.T.); (S.H.M.); (M.R.); (Y.H.T.-Y.)
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.S.T.); (S.H.M.); (M.R.); (Y.H.T.-Y.)
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Our phyto chemical studies on the root bark extracts of Mesua ferrea have led to the isolation of two new pyranoxanthones, mesuaferrin A (1) and mesuaferrin B (2). Five other compounds – caloxanthone C (3), 1,8-dihydro-3-methoxy-6-methylanthraquinone (4), β-sitosterol (5), friedelin (6) and betulinic acid (7) – were also successfully isolated. Structural elucidations of these compounds were achieved using 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soek Sin Teh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +603-8946-6785
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusea Go
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Yahayu MA, Rahmani M, Hashim NM, Amin MAM, Ee GCL, Sukari MA, Akim AM. Two new acridone alkaloids from Glycosmis macrantha. Molecules 2011; 16:4401-7. [PMID: 21623311 PMCID: PMC6264580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction and chromatographic separation of the extracts of dried stem barks of Glycosmis macrantha lead to isolation of two new acridone alkaloids, macranthanine (1) and 7-hydroxynoracronycine (2), and a known acridone, atalaphyllidine (3). The structures of these alkaloids were determined by detailed spectral analysis and also by comparison with reported data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maizatul Akmal Yahayu
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +60-38-946-6794; Fax: +60-38-943-5380
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mohd Aspollah Sukari
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdah Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ee GCL, Sim WC, Kwong HC, Mohamed Tahir MI, Silong S. 1,3,6-Trihy-droxy-7-meth-oxy-2,8-bis-(3-methyl-but-2-en-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o3362-3. [PMID: 21589631 PMCID: PMC3011676 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810049123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound (trivial name α-mangostin), C(24)H(26)O(6), isolated from Cratoxylum glaucum, is characterized by a xanthone skeleton of three fused six-membered rings and two 3-methyl-but-2-enyl side chains. The three rings in the structure are nearly coplanar, with an r.m.s. deviation for the tricyclic ring system of 0.0014 Å. The two 3-methyl-but-2-enyl side chains are in (+)-synclinal and (-)-anti-clinal conformations. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions occur. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H⋯O, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ee GCL, Teo SH, Kwong HC, Mohamed Tahir MI, Silong S. 12-Acetyl-6-hy-droxy-3,3,9,9-tetra-methyl-furo[3,4-b]pyrano[3,2-h]xanthene-7,11(3H,9H)-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o3331-2. [PMID: 21589606 PMCID: PMC3011782 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810048592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, Artonol B, C24H20O7, isolated from the stem bark of Artocarpus kemando, consists of four six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. The tricyclic xanthone ring system is almost planar [maximum deviation 0.115 (5) Å], whereas the pyranoid ring is in a distorted boat conformation·The furan ring is almost coplanar with the fused aromatic ring, making a dihedral angle of 3.76 (9)°. The phenol ring serves as a intramolecular hydrogen-bond donor to the adjacent carbonyl group and also acts as an intermolecular hydrogen-bond acceptor for the methyl groups of adjacent molecules, forming a three-dimensional network in the crystal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ee GCL, Lim CM, Rahmani M, Shaari K, Bong CFJ. Pellitorine, a potential anti-cancer lead compound against HL6 and MCT-7 cell lines and microbial transformation of piperine from Piper Nigrum. Molecules 2010; 15:2398-404. [PMID: 20428051 PMCID: PMC6257300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pellitorine (1), which was isolated from the roots of Piper nigrum, showed strong cytotoxic activities against HL60 and MCT-7 cell lines. Microbial transformation of piperine (2) gave a new compound 5-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-pent-2-ene piperidine (3). Two other alkaloids were also found from Piper nigrum. They are (E)-1-[3’,4’-(methylenedioxy)cinnamoyl]piperidine (4) and 2,4-tetradecadienoic acid isobutyl amide (5). These compounds were isolated using chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated using MS, IR and NMR techniques.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Detailed chemical studies on the roots of Piper sarmentosum and Piper nigrum have resulted in several alkaloids. The roots of P. sarmentosum gave a new aromatic compound, 1-nitrosoimino-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (1). Piper nigrum roots gave pellitorine (2), (E)-1-[3',4'-(methylenedioxy)cinnamoyl]piperidine (3), 2,4-tetradecadienoic acid isobutyl amide (4), piperine (5), sylvamide (6), cepharadione A (7), piperolactam D (8) and paprazine (9). Structural elucidation of these compounds was achieved through NMR and MS techniques. Cytotoxic activity screening of the plant extracts indicated some activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C L Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
An investigation of Morinda citrifolia roots afforded a new anthraquinone, 2-ethoxy-1-hydroxyanthraquinone (1), along with five other known anthraquinones: 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (2), damnacanthal (3), nordamnacanthal (4), 2-formyl-1-hydroxyanthraquinone (5) and morindone-6-methyl-ether (6). This is the first report on the isolation of morindone-6-methyl-ether (6) from this plant. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses such as NMR, MS and IR. Biological evaluation of five pure compounds and all the extracts against the larvae of Aedes aegypti indicated 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (2) and damnacanthal (3) were the extracts to exhibit promising larvicidal activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C L Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ee GCL, Daud S, Izzaddin SA, Rahmani M. Garcinia mangostana: a source of potential anti-cancer lead compounds against CEM-SS cell line. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2008; 10:475-479. [PMID: 18464091 DOI: 10.1080/10286020801948490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our current interest in searching for natural anti-cancer lead compounds from plants has led us to the discovery that the stem and roots of Garcinia mangostana can be a source of such compounds. The stem furnished 2,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone (1), which is a new xanthone. Meanwhile, the root bark of the plant furnished six xanthones, namely alpha-mangostin (2), beta-mangostin (3), gamma-mangostin (4), garcinone D (5), mangostanol (6), and gartanin (7). The hexane and chloroform extracts of the root bark of G. mangostana as well as the hexane extract of the stem bark were found to be active against the CEM-SS cell line. gamma-Mangostin (4) showed good activity with a very low IC(50) value of 4.7 microg/ml, while alpha-mangostin (2), mangostanol (6), and garcinone D (5) showed significant activities with IC(50) values of 5.5, 9.6, and 3.2 microg/ml, respectively. This is the first report on the cytotoxicity of the extracts of the stem and root bark of G. mangostana and of alpha-mangostin, mangostanol, and garcinone D against the CEM-SS cell line.
Collapse
|