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García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, De Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, Garcia-Puente LM, De León-Luis JA, Bravo C, Diaz-Pedrero R, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Álvarez-Mon M, García-Honduvilla N, Saez MA, Ortega MA. Exploring the Role of Mediterranean and Westernized Diets and Their Main Nutrients in the Modulation of Oxidative Stress in the Placenta: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1918. [PMID: 38001771 PMCID: PMC10669105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major cellular event that occurs in the placenta, fulfilling critical physiological roles in non-pathological pregnancies. However, exacerbated oxidative stress is a pivotal feature of different obstetric complications, like pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and other diseases. Compelling evidence supports the relevant role of diet during pregnancy, with pleiotropic consequences for maternal well-being. The present review aims to examine the complex background between oxidative stress and placental development and function in physiological conditions, also intending to understand the relationship between different dietary patterns and the human placenta, particularly how this could influence oxidative stress processes. The effects of Westernized diets (WDs) and high-fat diets (HFDs) rich in ultra-processed foods and different additives are compared with healthy patterns such as a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) abundant in omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, dietary fiber, and vitamins. Although multiple studies have focused on the role of specific nutrients, mostly in animal models and in vitro, further observational and intervention studies focusing on the placental structure and function in women with different dietary patterns should be conducted to understand the precise influence of diet on this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Luis M. Garcia-Puente
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Juan A. De León-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.L.-L.); (C.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.L.-L.); (C.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Prince of Asturias, Networking Research Center on for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Gómez-Ulla, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (L.M.G.-P.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
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Shi M, Yang X, Sun L, Ding Y, Huang Z, Zhang P, Yang X, Li R, Wang G. Comparison of different modified operations in the reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure rat model of preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103815. [PMID: 36701883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal models are indispensable tools in studying the mechanisms underlying the diseases. Rat models with reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) were able to mimic the pathophysiological traits of placental ischemia and hypoxia in preeclampsia (PE). However, ischemic injury can lead to a cascade of damage to lower limb ischemia in RUPP. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare three modified surgical procedures of reducing uteroplacental perfusion pressure, and to provide a reference for the recognition of different PE phenotypes in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS To establish a specific uteroplacental malperfusion model of PE in rats, we bilaterally ligated uterine vessels (UU), ovarian vessels distal to ovarian branches (OO), or both (sRUPP) at 13.5 days post coitum. 21 Sprague-Dawley rats in total were used and were divided into four groups: Sham (n = 4), UU (n = 6), OO (n = 5) and sRUPP (n = 8). RESULTS The results showed that the OO and sRUPP groups could successfully mimic the phenotypes of PE while UU group not. Then, autophagy, apoptosis, and synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were increased in both the OO and sRUPP groups compared with the Sham group, while inflammation were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS The OO and sRUPP groups could successfully establish the rat model of PE while the UU group not. Notably, between the OO and sRUPP groups, the OO group has a higher fetal survival rate and might be more suitable for studying fetal-related questions, while the sRUPP group has a heavier phenotypic profile and is more suitable for studying maternal phenotypes related to PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuzhen Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhengrui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Guang Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Rojas D, Abad C, Piñero S, Medina Y, Chiarello DI, Proverbio F, Marín R. Effect of Mg-Gluconate on the Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells, Lipid Peroxidation, and Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) Activity of Placental Homogenates and Red Blood Cell Ghosts From Salt-Loaded Pregnant Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:794572. [PMID: 35153828 PMCID: PMC8829449 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.794572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome with multisystem involvement which leads to fetal, neonatal, and maternal morbidity and mortality. A model of salt-loaded pregnant rats has been previously studied, sharing several pathological characteristics of preeclamptic women. In this study, it was compared the effects of the treatment with an oral magnesium salt, magnesium gluconate (Mg-gluconate), on the osmotic fragility of red blood cells, lipid peroxidation, and PMCA activity of placental homogenates and red blood cell ghosts in salt-loaded pregnant rats. Mg-gluconate has a higher antioxidant capacity than MgSO4 due to the presence of several hydroxyl groups in the two anions of this salt. Salt-loaded pregnant rats received 1.8% NaCl solution ad libitum as a beverage during the last week of pregnancy. On day 22nd of pregnancy, the rats were euthanized and red blood cells and placenta were obtained. Salt-loaded pregnant rats showed an increased level of lipid peroxidation and a lowered PMCA activity in placental and red blood cell ghosts, as well as an increased osmotic fragility of their red blood cells. The treatment of the salt-loaded pregnant rats with Mg-gluconate avoids the rise in the level of lipid peroxidation and the concomitant lowering of the PMCA activity of their red blood cell membranes, reaching values similar to those from control pregnant rats. Also, this treatment prevents the increase of the osmotic fragility of their red blood cells, keeping values similar to those from control pregnant rats. Mg-gluconate seems to be an important candidate for the replacement of the MgSO4 treatment of preeclamptic women.
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Phoswa WN, Khaliq OP. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (Preeclampsia, Gestational Hypertension) and Metabolic Disorder of Pregnancy (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5581570. [PMID: 34194606 PMCID: PMC8184326 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5581570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review.To highlight the role of oxidative stress in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and metabolic disorders of pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus). Recent Findings. In both preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH), oxidative stress leads to inadequate placental perfusion thus resulting in a hypoxic placenta, which generally leads to the activation of maternal systemic inflammatory response. In PE, this causes inflammation in the kidneys and leads to proteinuria. A proteinuria marker known as urinary 8-oxoGuo excretion is expressed in preeclampsia. In GDM, oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease, as a result of over secretion of insulin during pregnancy. This uncontrolled secretion of insulin results in the production of lipid peroxidation factors that also mask the secretion of antioxidants. Therefore, ROS becomes abundant at cellular level and prevents the cells from transporting glucose to body tissues. Summary. There is a need for more research investigating the role of oxidative stress, especially in obstetrics-related conditions. More studies are required in order to understand the difference between the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PE versus GH since investigations on the differences in genetic aspects of each condition are lacking. Furthermore, research to improve diagnostic procedures for GDM in pregnancy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Phoswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Olive P. Khaliq
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Kasture V, Sahay A, Joshi S. Cell death mechanisms and their roles in pregnancy related disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 126:195-225. [PMID: 34090615 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are catabolic pathways essential for homeostasis. They play a crucial role for normal placental and fetal development. These cell death mechanisms are exaggerated in placental disorders such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Apoptosis is widely studied, highly controlled and regulated whereas; autophagy is an orderly degradation and recycling of the cellular components. Cellular senescence may be initiated by a variety of stimuli, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, reduction in survival signals and nutrition deprivation. Apoptosis is regulated by two types of pathways intrinsic and extrinsic. Extrinsic pathway is initiated by apoptosis inducing cells such as macrophages, natural killer cells whereas; intrinsic pathway is initiated in response to DNA damage, cell injury and lack of oxygen. In autophagy, the cell or organelles undergo lysosomal degradation. Placental apoptosis increases as the gestation progresses while autophagy plays a role in trophoblast differentiation and invasion. In pregnancy disorders like preeclampsia and IUGR, proapoptotic markers such as caspase 3, 8, BAX are higher and antiapoptotic markers like Bcl-2 are lower. In GDM, apoptotic markers are reduced resulting in increased placental mass and fetal macrosomia. Apoptosis in the pathological pregnancies is also influenced by the reduced levels of micronutrients and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids resulting in disturbed placental biology. This chapter describes the role of various key molecular events involved in cellular senescence and the various factors influencing them. This will help identify future therapeutic strategies for better management of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Kasture
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Akriti Sahay
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.
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Yang S, Zhang R, Xing B, Zhou L, Zhang P, Song L. Astragaloside IV ameliorates preeclampsia-induced oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in a rat model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E904-E911. [PMID: 32924527 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00357.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) can cause serious health problems for pregnant women and their infants. Astragaloside IV has been shown to exert cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects on various disorders. We aimed to study the effects of Astragaloside IV on PE symptoms using an NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)-induced rat model of PE. The pregnant rats' physiological features, including blood pressure, urine protein, serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1(sFlt-1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio, and weight of placenta, as well as the weight, length, and survival of pups, were documented. The expression levels of target genes were analyzed by Western blot and qRT-PCR assays. The levels of target secreted proteins were determined by ELISA. We demonstrated that the administration of Astragaloside IV might exert a multitude of beneficial effects on attenuated PE symptoms in a rat model of PE. We further revealed that the effects of Astragaloside IV on PE rats were achieved, at least partially, through elimination of oxidative stress and stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Our study indicated that Astragaloside IV may serve as a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic methods for patients with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Yang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Baoheng Xing
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lili Song
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
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Gatford KL, Andraweera PH, Roberts CT, Care AS. Animal Models of Preeclampsia: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. Hypertension 2020; 75:1363-1381. [PMID: 32248704 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication, affecting 2% to 8% of pregnancies worldwide, and is an important cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Importantly, although aspirin and calcium are able to prevent preeclampsia in some women, there is no cure apart from delivery of the placenta and fetus, often necessitating iatrogenic preterm birth. Preclinical models of preeclampsia are widely used to investigate the causes and consequences of preeclampsia and to evaluate safety and efficacy of potential preventative and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide a summary of the published preclinical models of preeclampsia that meet human diagnostic criteria, including the development of maternal hypertension, together with new-onset proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction, and uteroplacental dysfunction. We then discuss evidence from preclinical models for multiple causal factors of preeclampsia, including those implicated in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Next, we discuss the impact of exposure to a preeclampsia-like environment for later maternal and progeny health. The presence of long-term impairment, particularly cardiovascular outcomes, in mothers and progeny after an experimentally induced preeclampsia-like pregnancy, implies that later onset or reduced severity of preeclampsia will improve later maternal and progeny health. Finally, we summarize published intervention studies in preclinical models and identify gaps in knowledge that we consider should be targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Gatford
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prabha H Andraweera
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
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Muzyko EA, Tkacheva GA, Perfilova VN, Matvienko LS, Naumenko LV, Vasil'eva OS, Tyurenkov IN. Effects of Gaba Derivatives on Anxious and Compulsive Behavior in Offspring of Rats with Experimental Preeclampsia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:457-464. [PMID: 32146627 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of GABA derivatives on anxious and compulsive behavior of progeny of rats with experimental preeclampsia provoked by replacement of drinking water for 1.8% NaCl solution from the first day of pregnancy to delivery. In comparison with progeny of health rats, the offspring of dams with complicated pregnancy demonstrated high level of anxiety and the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder both at the early (40 and 70 days) and late (6 and 12 months) stages of ontogeny. GABA derivatives succicard, salifen, and phenibut reduced symptoms of experimental preeclampsia in offspring of various age by decreasing the level of anxiety and reducing compulsive behavior. The efficacy of the examined derivatives was similar to that of the reference drug Pantogam.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Muzyko
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia.
| | - G A Tkacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
| | - V N Perfilova
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
| | - L S Matvienko
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
| | - L V Naumenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
| | - O S Vasil'eva
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I N Tyurenkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
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Effect of Oxidative Stress on the Estrogen-NOS-NO-K Ca Channel Pathway in Uteroplacental Dysfunction: Its Implication in Pregnancy Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9194269. [PMID: 30881600 PMCID: PMC6387699 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9194269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the adaptive changes in uterine circulation and the formation of the placenta are essential for the growth of the fetus and the well-being of the mother. The steroid hormone estrogen plays a pivotal role in this adaptive process. An insufficient blood supply to the placenta due to uteroplacental dysfunction has been associated with pregnancy complications including preeclampsia and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR). Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between free radical formation and antioxidant defense. Pregnancy itself presents a mild oxidative stress, which is exaggerated in pregnancy complications. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays an important role in the maladaptation of uteroplacental circulation partly by impairing estrogen signaling pathways. This review is aimed at providing both an overview of our current understanding of regulation of the estrogen-NOS-NO-KCa pathway by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in uteroplacental tissues and a link between oxidative stress and uteroplacental dysfunction in pregnancy complications. A better understanding of the mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel and effective therapeutic interventions.
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Beneficial effects of phycobiliproteins from Spirulina maxima in a preeclampsia model. Life Sci 2018; 211:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Oxidative Stress in Preeclampsia and Placental Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051496. [PMID: 29772777 PMCID: PMC5983711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a persistent hypertensive gestational disease characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria, which presents from the second trimester of pregnancy. At the cellular level, preeclampsia has largely been associated with the release of free radicals by the placenta. Placenta-borne oxidative and nitrosative stresses are even sometimes considered as the major molecular determinants of the maternal disease. In this review, we present the recent literature evaluating free radical production in both normal and pathological placentas (including preeclampsia and other major pregnancy diseases), in humans and animal models. We then assess the putative effects of these free radicals on the placenta and maternal endothelium. This analysis was conducted with regard to recent papers and possible therapeutic avenues.
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Kasture VV, Sundrani DP, Joshi SR. Maternal one carbon metabolism through increased oxidative stress and disturbed angiogenesis can influence placental apoptosis in preeclampsia. Life Sci 2018; 206:61-69. [PMID: 29772225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adequate maternal nutrition is critical for a healthy pregnancy outcome and poor maternal nutrition is known to be associated with pregnancy complications like preeclampsia. We have earlier demonstrated that there is an imbalance in the levels of micronutrients (folate and vitamin B12) along with low levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and high homocysteine levels in women with preeclampsia. Homocysteine is known to be involved in the formation of free radicals leading to increased oxidative stress. Higher oxidative stress has been shown to be associated with increased apoptotic markers in the placenta. Preeclampsia is of placental origin and is associated with increased oxidative stress, disturbed angiogenesis and placental apoptosis. The process of angiogenesis is important for placental and fetal development and various angiogenic growth factors inhibit apoptosis by inactivation of proapoptotic proteins through a series of cellular signalling pathways. We propose that an altered one carbon cycle resulting in increased oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis will contribute to increased placental apoptosis leading to preeclampsia. Understanding the association of one carbon cycle components and the possible mechanisms through which they regulate apoptosis will provide clues for reducing risk of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali V Kasture
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Deepali P Sundrani
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.
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13
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Evaluation of DNA Damage in Experimental Preeclampsia by Comet Assay. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:605-608. [PMID: 29577203 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental preeclampsia induced by substitution of drinking water with 1.8% NaCl during pregnancy was associated with an increase in the level of DNA damage in fetal brain and placenta measured by DNA comet assay by 35.7 and 27.8 times, respectively, in comparison with physiological pregnancy.
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14
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Martinez-Fierro ML, Hernández-Delgadillo GP, Flores-Morales V, Cardenas-Vargas E, Mercado-Reyes M, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Delgado-Enciso I, Galván-Tejada CE, Galván-Tejada JI, Celaya-Padilla JM, Garza-Veloz I. Current model systems for the study of preeclampsia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:576-585. [PMID: 29415560 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218755690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complex disease, distinguished by high blood pressure and proteinuria, diagnosed after the 20th gestation week. Depending on the values of blood pressure, urine protein concentrations, symptomatology, and onset of disease there is a wide range of phenotypes, from mild forms developing predominantly at the end of pregnancy to severe forms developing in the early stage of pregnancy. In the worst cases severe forms of PE could lead to systemic endothelial dysfunction, eclampsia, and maternal and/or fetal death. Worldwide the fetal morbidity and mortality related to PE is calculated to be around 8% of the total pregnancies. PE still being an enigma regarding its etiology and pathophysiology, in general a deficient trophoblast invasion during placentation at first stage of pregnancy, in combination with maternal conditions are accepted as a cause of endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory alterations and appearance of symptoms. Depending on the PE multifactorial origin, several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models have been used to evaluate the PE pathophysiology as well as to identify or test biomarkers predicting, diagnosing or prognosing the syndrome. This review focuses on the most common models used for the study of PE, including those related to placental development, abnormal trophoblast invasion, uteroplacental ischemia, angiogenesis, oxygen deregulation, and immune response to maternal-fetal interactions. The advances in mathematical and computational modeling of metabolic network behavior, gene prioritization, the protein-protein interaction network, the genetics of PE, and the PE prediction/classification are discussed. Finally, the potential of these models to enable understanding of PE pathogenesis and to evaluate new preventative and therapeutic approaches in the management of PE are also highlighted. Impact statement This review is important to the field of preeclampsia (PE), because it provides a description of the principal in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models developed for the study of its principal aspects, and to test emerging therapies or biomarkers predicting the syndrome before their evaluation in clinical trials. Despite the current advance, the field still lacking of new methods and original modeling approaches that leads to new knowledge about pathophysiology. The part of in silico models described in this review has not been considered in the previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Martinez-Fierro
- 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98160 Zacatecas, México.,2 Posgrado en Ingeniería y Tecnología Aplicada, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98000 Zacatecas, México
| | - G P Hernández-Delgadillo
- 3 Laboratorio de Investigación en Farmacología, 27779 Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , 98160 Zacatecas, México
| | - V Flores-Morales
- 4 Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica y Bioenergética (LSAyB), 27779 Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , 98160 Zacatecas, México
| | - E Cardenas-Vargas
- 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98160 Zacatecas, México.,5 Hospital General Zacatecas "Luz Gonzalez Cosio", Secretaria de Salud de Zacatecas, 98160 Zacatecas, México
| | - M Mercado-Reyes
- 6 Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, 27779 Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , 98060 Zacatecas, México
| | - I P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- 7 Departamento de Génetica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460 Monterrey, México
| | - I Delgado-Enciso
- 8 Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Colima, 28040 Colima, Mexico.,9 State Cancer Institute, Health Secretary of Colima, 28060 Colima, Mexico
| | - C E Galván-Tejada
- 10 Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98000 Zacatecas, México
| | - J I Galván-Tejada
- 10 Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98000 Zacatecas, México
| | - J M Celaya-Padilla
- 10 Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98000 Zacatecas, México.,11 CONACYT - Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98000 Zacatecas, México
| | - I Garza-Veloz
- 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98160 Zacatecas, México.,2 Posgrado en Ingeniería y Tecnología Aplicada, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98000 Zacatecas, México
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15
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Popova TA, Perfilova VN, Zhakupova GA, Verovsky VE, Ostrovskij OV, Tyurenkov IN. [The effect of sulodexide on placental mitochondria function in rats with experimental preeclampsia]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2017; 62:572-576. [PMID: 27797333 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166205572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of drinking water for 1.8% NaCl in pregnant rats caused a pronounced increase in arterial pressure by 24,3% and urinary protein by 117% to day 21 of pregnancy. State 4 respiration of isolated placental mitochondria in the group of negative control was 3- and 1.5-fold higher with malate/glutamate and succinate as substrates than in placental mitochondria isolated from uncomplicated pregnant animals. This led to a decrease of the respiratory control ratio. These results suggest that development of experimental preeclampsia is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction through uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Daily administration of sulodexide to females with experimental preeclampsia (EP) per os at a dose of 30 LE during the whole period of gestation decreased manifestations of the disease as evidenced by a slight increase in blood pressure (by 8,6%) and less pronounces increase in urinary protein (by 58,9%). Sulodexide decreased development of mitochondrial dysfunction in EP rats as shown a decrease of non-stimulated ADP respiration with malate/glutamate and succinate (4.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively) as compared with the negative control group and the corresponding increase in the respiratory control ratio (2.5- and 1.5-fold, respectively). Thus, sulodexide reduces uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and enhances the functional activity of mitochondria in EP animals, possibly due to its antioxidant and endotelioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Popova
- Volgograd State Medical University,Volgograd, Russia
| | - V N Perfilova
- Volgograd State Medical University,Volgograd, Russia
| | - G A Zhakupova
- Volgograd State Medical University,Volgograd, Russia
| | - V E Verovsky
- Volgograd State Medical University,Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - I N Tyurenkov
- Volgograd State Medical University,Volgograd, Russia
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16
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Ribeiro NE, Cabral EV, Aires RS, Vieira-Filho LD, Ribeiro VS, Gonçalves DRM, Borges LPNC, Melo IMF, Ferreira CGM, Wanderley-Teixeira V, Teixeira ÁAC, Soares AF, Paixão AD. Maternal Na+intake induces renal function injury in rats prevented by a short-term angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:275-284. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Ribeiro
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Edjair V Cabral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Regina S Aires
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Leucio D Vieira-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Valdilene S Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Daianna RM Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Luis PNC Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Ismaela MF Melo
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Cintia GM Ferreira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Valeria Wanderley-Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Álvaro AC Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Anísio F Soares
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Ana D Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Centre of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
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17
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Nandi AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Altered metabolic homeostasis between vitamin D and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preeclampsia. Med Hypotheses 2017; 100:31-36. [PMID: 28236844 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sub-optimal maternal nutrition may result in pregnancy complications like preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is known to be of placental origin and a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our earlier studies suggest that altered metabolism of folic acid, vitamin B12 and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFAs) in the one carbon cycle increases homocysteine levels in preeclampsia. Recent reports indicate that vitamin D deficiency may also have a role in preeclampsia, although the mechanisms are unclear. A disturbed one carbon cycle can influence methylation patterns of various genes involved in placental development. Altered expression of cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) gene can result in hyperhomocystenemia. Higher homocysteine levels are known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which in turn leads to increased expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Higher expression of PLA2 and COX-2 can influence the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane phospholipid and result in increased conversion to thromboxane. Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] is known to induce the CBS gene expression while it can suppress the oxidative stress-induced COX-2 up-regulation and thromboxane production. Based on this, we propose a novel hypothesis that a disturbed vitamin D and LCPUFA metabolism influence the regulation of the one carbon cycle which will trigger inflammation through oxidative stress in preeclampsia. This may lead to altered feto-placental growth and development in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita A Nandi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Nisha S Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune 411043, India.
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18
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Tyurenkov IN, Perfilova VN, Smirnov AV, Reznikova LB, Poroyskaya AV, Verovsky VE. Features of endothelial dysfunction and morphofunctional changes of the uteroplacental complex in experimentally induced pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2016; 6:423-430. [PMID: 27939494 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia is considered to be a severe complication of pregnancy. Theoretical investigation of its etiology and pathogenesis, development of strategies for its prevention and treatment are conditioned by the development of appropriate experimental models of this pathology. METHODS The study involved Wistar rat lines weighing 220-240g. Experimental pre-eclampsia was modeled by replacing drinking water consumed by pregnant female rats with 1.8% NaCl solution throughout gestation. Arterial pressure, protein concentration in urine and tissue hydration extent were measured on the 1st and 21st days of gestation. Uteroplacental blood flow, vasodilating and antithrombotic endothelial functions were also assessed. For pathomorphological and immunohistochemical investigation murine monoclonal antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), polyclonal rabbit antibodies against inducible and endothelial NO-synthases were used. RESULTS Replacing drinking water with 1.8% NaCl solution in female rats throughout gestation elevates arterial pressure, causes proteinuria and edema, impairs vasodilating and antithrombotic endothelial properties, and suppresses uteroplacental blood circulation. A morphological examination of the animals revealed the signs of focal duodenitis, spasms of myometrium arteries with no invasion of syncytiotrophoblast into its walls which also involved a raised VEGF and reduced eNOS expression in the endothelium of myometrial vessels, as well as cytoplasmic expression of iNOS in the cells of inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS These findings make it possible to conclude that replacing drinking water with 1.8% NaCl solution causes a number of changes typical of pre-eclampsia and, therefore, can be regarded as an experimental model of this pathologic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Tyurenkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacy of the Department for Refresher Training, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - V N Perfilova
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacy of the Department for Refresher Training, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia.
| | - A V Smirnov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - L B Reznikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacy of the Department for Refresher Training, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - A V Poroyskaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacy of the Department for Refresher Training, Volgograd State Medical University, 400001 Volgograd, Russia
| | - V E Verovsky
- Department of Theoretical Biochemistry with a Course of Clinical Biochemistry, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
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19
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Perfilova VN, Zhakupova GA, Lashchenova LI, Lebedeva SA, Tyurenkov IN. Spatial Memory in the Progeny of Rats Subjected to Different Types of Experimental Preeclampsia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:643-646. [PMID: 27709385 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spatial memory was studied in 2-month-old offspring of rats subjected to different types of experimental preeclampsia (replacement of drinking water with 1.8% NaCl from day 1 to 21 of gestation or intraperitoneal administration of non-selective NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME to pregnant rats in a daily dose of 25 mg/kg for 7 days on gestation days 14-20). Spatial memory was evaluated in an elevated 8-arm radial maze. Both types of experimental preeclampsia impaired spatial (long-term and short-term) memory and can be used in the development of drugs correcting negative effects of this pregnancy complication on memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Perfilova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - G A Zhakupova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia.
| | | | - S A Lebedeva
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
- Research Institute for Pharmacology of Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I N Tyurenkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
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20
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de Andrade Ramos BR, Witkin SS. The influence of oxidative stress and autophagy cross regulation on pregnancy outcome. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:755-62. [PMID: 27383757 PMCID: PMC5003807 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a byproduct of aerobic energy metabolism, is maintained at physiological levels by the activity of antioxidant components. Insufficiently opposed ROS results in oxidative stress characterized by altered mitochondrial function, decreased protein activity, damage to nucleic acids, and induction of apoptosis. Elevated levels of inadequately opposed ROS induce autophagy, a major intracellular pathway that sequesters and removes damaged macromolecules and organelles. In early pregnancy, autophagy induction preserves trophoblast function in the low oxygen and nutrient placental environment. Inadequate regulation of the ROS-autophagy axis leads to abnormal autophagy activity and contributes to the development of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. ROS-autophagy interactions are altered at the end of gestation and participate in the initiation of parturition at term. The induction of high levels of ROS coupled with a failure to induce a corresponding increase in autophagy results in the triggering of preterm labor and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Pai CH, Yen CT, Chen CP, Yu IS, Lin SW, Lin SR. Lack of Thromboxane Synthase Prevents Hypertension and Fetal Growth Restriction after High Salt Treatment during Pregnancy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151617. [PMID: 26974824 PMCID: PMC4790927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a potentially fatal pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder characterized by poor placenta development that can cause fetal growth restriction. PE-associated pathologies, including thrombosis, hypertension, and impaired placental development, may result from imbalances between thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin. Low-dose aspirin, which selectively inhibits TXA2 production, is used to prevent high-risk PE. However, the role of TXA2 in aspirin-mediated protective effects in women with PE is not understood fully. In this study, we examined the role of prostanoids in PE using human samples and an induced PE mouse model. We demonstrated that the administration of salted drinking water (2.7% NaCl) to wild-type mice resulted in elevated placental TXA2 synthase (TXAS) and plasma TXA2, but not prostacyclin, levels, which was also found in our clinical PE placenta samples. The high salt-treated wild-type pregnant mice had shown unchanged maternal body weight, hypertension (MAP increase 15 mmHg), and decreased pup weight (~50%) and size (~24%), but these adverse effects were ameliorated in TXAS knockout (KO) mice. Moreover, increased expression of interleukin-1β and downstream phosphorylated-p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase were concordant with apoptosis induction in the placentas of salt water-treated wild-type mice. These alterations were not observed in TXAS KO mice. Together, our data suggest that TXA2 depletion has anti-PE effects due to the prevention of hypertension and placental damage through downregulation of the interleukin-1β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsueh Pai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tzu Yen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Pein Chen
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SRL); (SWL)
| | - Shu-Rung Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Nanotechnology and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SRL); (SWL)
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22
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Wu F, Tian FJ, Lin Y, Xu WM. Oxidative Stress: Placenta Function and Dysfunction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 76:258-71. [PMID: 26589876 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placenta is a site of active oxygen metabolism that continuously generates oxidative stress (OS). Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species can destroy normal placental functions. Therefore, the feto-placental unit generates abundant antioxidants to keep OS under control. Properly controlled oxidative species have been proven to serve as indispensable cellular signal messengers by regulating gene expression and downstream cellular activities. OS also plays an important immunoregulatory role during pregnancy. Oxidative disorder and immune disturbances are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. In this review, we introduce recent studies revealing basal functions and regulatory roles of placental OS in metabolism and immunity. The relationships between OS- and pregnancy-related disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Ming Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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23
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Shin JA, Ahn YM, Lee HA, Park H, Kim YJ, Lee HY. Effect of maternal excessive sodium intake on postnatal brain development in rat offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:118-24. [PMID: 24621066 DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postnatal brain development is affected by the in utero environment. Modern people usually have a high sodium intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium hyperingestion during pregnancy on the postnatal brain development of rat offspring. METHODS The sodium-overloaded rats received 1.8% NaCl in their drinking water for 7 days during the last week of gestation. Their body weight, urine, and blood levels of sodium and other parameters were measured. Some rats were sacrificed at pregnancy day 22 and the weight and length of the placenta and foetus were measured. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus were obtained from their offspring at postnatal day 1 and at postnatal weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. Western blot analyses were conducted with brain tissue lysates. RESULTS The sodium-overloaded animals had decreased weight gain in the last week of gestation as well as decreased food intake, increased water intake, urine volume, urine sodium, and serum sodium. There were no differences in placental weight and length. The foetuses of sodium-overloaded rats showed decreased body weight and size, and this difference was maintained postnatally for 2 weeks. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspring, the protein levels of myelin basic protein, calmodulin/calcium-dependent protein kinase II, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were decreased or aberrantly expressed. DISCUSSION The present data suggest that increased sodium intake during pregnancy affects the brain development of the offspring.
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24
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Paixão AD, Alexander BT. How the kidney is impacted by the perinatal maternal environment to develop hypertension. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:144. [PMID: 24227755 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions during perinatal development such as maternal undernutrition, maternal glucocorticoids, placental insufficiency, and maternal sodium overload can program changes in renal Na(+) excretion leading to hypertension. Experimental studies indicate that fetal exposure to an adverse maternal environment may reduce glomerular filtration rate by decreasing the surface area of the glomerular capillaries. Moreover, fetal responses to environmental insults during early life that contribute to the development of hypertension may include increased expression of tubular apical or basolateral membrane Na(+) transporters and increased production of renal superoxide leading to enhanced Na(+) reabsorption. This review will address the role of these potential renal mechanisms in the fetal programming of hypertension in experimental models induced by maternal undernutrition, fetal exposure to glucocorticoids, placental insufficiency, and maternal sodium overload in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana D Paixão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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25
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Brown C, McFarlane-Anderson N, Alexander-Lindo R, Bishop K, Dasgupta T, McGrowder D. The effects of S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine in a rat model of pre-eclampsia. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:330-5. [PMID: 24082727 PMCID: PMC3783775 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.116998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia (PE) complicates approximately 5-7% of all pregnancies. This study investigates the effects of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on the classical features of PE. MATERIALS AND METHODS On day 14 of gestation, female Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups and treated intravenously for 7 days as follows: (i) 0.3 mL 0.9% saline (control, n = 11); (ii) 50 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in 0.3 mL saline (n = 10); (iii) 50 mg/kg BW L-NAME and 8 mg/kg BW GSNO in 0.15 mL saline (n = 6); (iv) 50 mg/kg BW L-NAME in 0.15 mL saline and 8 mg/kg BW SNAP in 0.15 mL DMSO (n = 9); and (v) 0.15 mL DMSO and 0.15 mL saline (SNAP control, n = 7). Blood pressures were measured on day 14 through day 20, a 4-h urine sample was taken on day 20, and animals were sacrificed on day 21. Pups were counted and weighed individually. RESULTS SNAP and GSNO significantly decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures in PE-induced rats from day 14 through day 20 (P < 0.05). Pup weights in SNAP and GSNO groups were higher than in L-NAME group but lower than in controls (P ≤ 0.001). SNAP and GSNO partially reversed growth retardation. CONCLUSION Elevated blood pressure, proteinuria, and intrauterine growth restriction associated with PE were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using L-NAME. These were partially reversed with the use of GSNO and SNAP. The mechanism of action of these S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caneta Brown
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, West Indies
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26
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Cosar H, Ozer E, Topel H, Kahramaner Z, Turkoglu E, Erdemir A, Sutcuoglu S, Bagriyanik A, Ozer EA. Neuronal apoptosis in the neonates born to preeclamptic mothers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26:1143-6. [PMID: 23356530 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.770463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia may result in uteroplacental insufficiency and chronic intrauterine fetal distress. The aim of this study is to address this issue investigating neuronal apoptosis in an experimental model of preeclampsia and to evaluate the neurological outcome of the perinatal asphyxia in the neonates born to preeclamptic mother. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two out of four pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (preeclamptic group) were given water containing 1.8% NaCl on gestation day 15 and 22 in order to establish the model of preeclampsia whereas other two (non-preeclamptic group) received normal diet. A model of perinatal asphyxia was established on the postnatal 7th day to one preeclamptic and one non-preeclamptic dam. Overall 23 pups born to overall four dams were decapitated to assess neuronal apoptosis by the TUNEL assay. RESULTS The number of apoptotic neuronal cells was significantly higher in the preeclampsia groups in comparison with the control group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.006, respectively). It was also significantly higher in the asphyctic/non-preeclamptic group than the count in the control group (p = 0.01). There was also significant difference between both asphyctic groups (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION We conclude that preeclampsia causes small babies for the gestational age and cerebral hypoplasia. Both preeclampsia and perinatal asphyxia can cause increased neuronal apoptosis in the neonatal brains. However, the prognosis for neurological outcome is much worse when the perinatal asphyxia occurs in newborns born to preeclamptic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hese Cosar
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Neonatology Clinic, Yenisehir, Izmir, Turkey
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27
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Fedorova L, Gatto-Weis C, Smaili S, Khurshid N, Shapiro JI, Malhotra D, Horrigan T. Down-regulation of the transcription factor snail in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia and in a rat model of preeclampsia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:15. [PMID: 22360878 PMCID: PMC3298516 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental malfunction in preeclampsia is believed to be a consequence of aberrant differentiation of trophoblast lineages and changes in utero-placental oxygenation. The transcription factor Snail, a master regulator molecule of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in embryonic development and in cancer, is shown to be involved in trophoblast differentiation as well. Moreover, Snail can be controlled by oxidative stress and hypoxia. Therefore, we examined the expression of Snail and its downstream target, e-cadherin, in human normal term, preterm and preeclamptic placentas, and in pregnant rats that developed preeclampsia-like symptoms in the response to a 20-fold increase in sodium intake. METHODS Western blotting analysis was used for comparative expression of Snail and e- cadherin in total protein extracts. Placental cells expressing Snail and e-cadherin were identified by immunohistochemical double-labeling technique. RESULTS The levels of Snail protein were decreased in human preeclamptic placentas by 30% (p < 0.01) compared to normal term, and in the rat model by 40% (p < 0.001) compared to control placentas. In preterm placentas, the levels of Snail expression varied, yet there was a strong trend toward statistical significance between preterm and preeclamptic placentas. In humans, e-cadherin protein level was 30% higher in preeclamptic (p < 0.05) placentas and similarly, but not significantly (p = 0.1), high in the preterm placentas compared to normal term. In the rat model of preeclampsia, e-cadherin was increased by 60% (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemical examination of human placentas demonstrated Snail-positive staining in the nuclei of the villous trophoblasts and mesenchymal cells and in the invasive trophoblasts of the decidua. In the rat placenta, the majority of Snail positive cells were spongiotrophoblasts of the junctional zone, while in the labyrinth, Snail-positive sinusoidal giant trophoblasts cells were found in some focal areas located close to the junctional zone. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that human preeclampsia and the salt-induced rat model of preeclampsia are associated with the reduced levels of Snail protein in placenta. Down-regulation of the transcription factor Snail in placental progenitor cell lineages, either by intrinsic defects and/or by extrinsic and maternal factors, may affect normal placenta development and function and thus contribute to the pathology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Fedorova
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Cara Gatto-Weis
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sleiman Smaili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Nauman Khurshid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Terrence Horrigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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28
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Jayet PY, Rimoldi SF, Stuber T, Salmòn CS, Hutter D, Rexhaj E, Thalmann S, Schwab M, Turini P, Sartori-Cucchia C, Nicod P, Villena M, Allemann Y, Scherrer U, Sartori C. Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Dysfunction in Young Offspring of Mothers With Preeclampsia. Circulation 2010; 122:488-94. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.941203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Adverse events in utero may predispose to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. During preeclampsia, vasculotoxic factors are released into the maternal circulation by the diseased placenta. We speculated that these factors pass the placental barrier and leave a defect in the circulation of the offspring that predisposes to a pathological response later in life. The hypoxia associated with high-altitude exposure is expected to facilitate the detection of this problem.
Methods and Results—
We assessed pulmonary artery pressure (by Doppler echocardiography) and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in 48 offspring of women with preeclampsia and 90 offspring of women with normal pregnancies born and permanently living at the same high-altitude location (3600 m). Pulmonary artery pressure was roughly 30% higher (mean±SD, 32.1±5.6 versus 25.3±4.7 mm Hg;
P
<0.001) and flow-mediated dilation was 30% smaller (6.3±1.2% versus 8.3±1.4%;
P
<0.0001) in offspring of mothers with preeclampsia than in control subjects. A strong inverse relationship existed between flow-mediated dilation and pulmonary artery pressure (
r
=−0.61,
P
<0.001). The vascular dysfunction was related to preeclampsia itself because siblings of offspring of mothers with preeclampsia who were born after a normal pregnancy had normal vascular function. Augmented oxidative stress may represent an underlying mechanism because thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances plasma concentration was increased in offspring of mothers with preeclampsia.
Conclusions—
Preeclampsia leaves a persistent defect in the systemic and the pulmonary circulation of the offspring. This defect predisposes to exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary hypertension already during childhood and may contribute to premature cardiovascular disease in the systemic circulation later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Jayet
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Stefano F. Rimoldi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Thomas Stuber
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Carlos Salinas Salmòn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Damian Hutter
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Sébastien Thalmann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Marcos Schwab
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Pierre Turini
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Céline Sartori-Cucchia
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Pascal Nicod
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Mercedes Villena
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Yves Allemann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Urs Scherrer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
| | - Claudio Sartori
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Botnar Center for Extreme Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.-Y.J., E.R., S.T., M.S., P.T., C.S.-C., P.N., U.S., C.S.); Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland (S.F.R., T.S., D.H., Y.A.); and Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia (C.S.S., M.V.)
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29
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Cardoso HD, Cabral EV, Vieira-Filho LD, Vieyra A, Paixão ADO. Fetal development and renal function in adult rats prenatally subjected to sodium overload. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24:1959-65. [PMID: 19603192 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate two factors that affect fetal development--placental oxidative stress (Ox) and plasma volume (PV)--in dams with sodium overload and (2) to correlate possible alterations in these factors with subsequent modifications in the renal function of adult offspring. Wistar dams were maintained on 0.17 M NaCl instead of water from 20 days before mating until either the twentieth pregnancy day/parturition or weaning. Colorimetric methods were used to measure Ox in maternal and offspring tissues, PV, 24-h urinary protein (U(Prot24 h)) and serum triacylglycerols (TG) and cholesterol (Chol). Renal hemodynamics was evaluated in the offspring at 90 days of age using a blood pressure transducer, a flow probe and inulin clearance to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), respectively. The number of nephrons (NN) was counted in kidney suspensions. Dams showed unchanged PV, placental Ox and fetal weight but increased U(Prot24 h) (150%, P < 0.05). Prenatally sodium-overloaded pups showed increased U(Prot24 h) (45%, P < 0.05) but unchanged MAP, renal hemodynamics, NN and kidney Ox. Prenatally and postnatally sodium-overloaded rats showed increased U(Prot24 h) (27%, P < 0.05) and kidney Ox (44%, P < 0.05), reduced GFR (12%, P < 0.05), increased PV (26%, P < 0.05) and unchanged MAP and NN. The TG increased in both groups of treated offspring (21%, P < 0.05), whereas Chol increased only in the postnatally sodium-overloaded group. We conclude that salt overload from the prenatal stage until weaning leads to alterations in lipid metabolism and in the renal function of the pups, which are additional to those alterations seen in rats only overloaded prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriqueta D Cardoso
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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30
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Valdes G, Kaufmann P, Corthorn J, Erices R, Brosnihan KB, Joyner-Grantham J. Vasodilator factors in the systemic and local adaptations to pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:79. [PMID: 19646248 PMCID: PMC2739214 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We postulate that an orchestrated network composed of various vasodilatory systems participates in the systemic and local hemodynamic adaptations in pregnancy. The temporal patterns of increase in the circulating and urinary levels of five vasodilator factors/systems, prostacyclin, nitric oxide, kallikrein, angiotensin-(1-7) and VEGF, in normal pregnant women and animals, as well as the changes observed in preeclamptic pregnancies support their functional role in maintaining normotension by opposing the vasoconstrictor systems. In addition, the expression of these vasodilators in the different trophoblastic subtypes in various species supports their role in the transformation of the uterine arteries. Moreover, their expression in the fetal endothelium and in the syncytiotrophoblast in humans, rats and guinea-pigs, favour their participation in maintaining the uteroplacental circulation. The findings that sustain the functional associations of the various vasodilators, and their participation by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine regulation of the systemic and local vasoactive changes of pregnancy are abundant and compelling. However, further elucidation of the role of the various players is hampered by methodological problems. Among these difficulties is the complexity of the interactions between the different factors, the likelihood that experimental alterations induced in one system may be compensated by the other players of the network, and the possibility that data obtained by manipulating single factors in vitro or in animal studies may be difficult to translate to the human. In addition, the impossibility of sampling the uteroplacental interface along normal pregnancy precludes obtaining longitudinal profiles of the various players. Nevertheless, the possibility of improving maternal blood pressure regulation, trophoblast invasion and uteroplacental flow by enhancing vasodilation (e.g. L-arginine, NO donors, VEGF transfection) deserves unravelling the intricate association of vasoactive factors and the systemic and local adaptations to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Valdes
- Centro Investigaciones Médicas y Departamento Nefrología, Escuela Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Peter Kaufmann
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jenny Corthorn
- Centro Investigaciones Médicas y Departamento Nefrología, Escuela Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafaela Erices
- Centro Investigaciones Médicas y Departamento Nefrología, Escuela Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Bridget Brosnihan
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - JaNae Joyner-Grantham
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, USA
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31
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Steinert JR, Wyatt AW, Jacob R, Mann GE. Redox modulation of Ca2+ signaling in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells in pre-eclampsia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1149-63. [PMID: 19125611 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal hypertension in pregnancy and is associated with fetal growth restriction, premature birth, and fetal and maternal mortality. Activation and dysfunction of the maternal and fetal endothelium in PE appears to be a consequence of increased oxidative stress, resulting from elevated levels of circulating lipid peroxides. Accumulating evidence implicates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in PE, perhaps involving a disturbance in intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. Several ion-transport pathways are highly sensitive to oxidative stress, and the resulting modulation of ion transport by ROS will affect intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. We review the evidence that changes in ion transport induced by ROS may be linked with abnormalities in Ca(2+)-mediated signal transduction, leading to endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction in maternal and fetal circulations in PE. As dysregulation of Ca(2+) signaling in fetal umbilical endothelial cells is maintained in culture and embryonic, fetal, and postnatal development is affected by the cellular redox state, we hypothesize that impaired redox signaling in PE may influence "programming" of the fetal cardiovascular system and endothelial function in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern R Steinert
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, England
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32
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Leandro SM, Furukawa LNS, Shimizu MHM, Casarini DE, Seguro AC, Patriarca G, Coelho MS, Dolnikoff MS, Heimann JC. Low birth weight in response to salt restriction during pregnancy is not due to alterations in uterine-placental blood flow or the placental and peripheral renin-angiotensin system. Physiol Behav 2008; 95:145-51. [PMID: 18572207 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies conducted in humans and in animals have observed that events occurring early in life are associated with the development of diseases in adulthood. Salt overload and restriction during pregnancy and lactation are responsible for functional (hemodynamic and hormonal) and structural alterations in adult offspring. Our group observed that lower birth weight and insulin resistance in adulthood is associated with salt restriction during pregnancy. On the other hand, perinatal salt overload is associated with higher blood pressure and higher renal angiotensin II content in adult offspring. Therefore, we hypothesised that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) function is altered by changes in sodium intake during pregnancy. Such changes may influence fetoplacental blood flow and thereby fetal nutrient supply, with effects on growth in utero and, consequently, on birth weight. Female Wistar rats were fed low-salt (LS), normal-salt (NS), or high-salt (HS) diet, starting before conception and continuing until day 19 of pregnancy. Blood pressure, heart rate, fetuses and dams' body weight, placentae weight and litter size were measured on day 19 of pregnancy. Cardiac output, uterine and placental blood flow were also determined on day 19. Expressions of renin-angiotensin system components and of the TNF-alpha gene were evaluated in the placentae. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma and tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, as well as plasma and placental levels of angiotensins I, II, and 1-7 were measured. Body weight and kidney mass were greater in HS than in NS and LS dams. Food intake did not differ among the maternal groups. Placental weight was lower in LS dams than in NS and HS dams. Fetal weight was lower in the LS group than in the NS and HS groups. The PRA was greater in LS dams than in NS and HS dams, although ACE activity (serum, cardiac, renal, and placental) was unaffected by the level of sodium intake. Placental levels of angiotensins I and II were lower in the HS group than in the NS and LS groups. Placental angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT(1)) gene expression and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were higher in HS dams, as were uterine blood flow and cardiac output. The degree of salt intake did not influence plasma sodium, potassium or creatinine. Although fractional sodium excretion was higher in HS dams than in NS and LS dams, fractional potassium excretion was unchanged. In conclusion, findings from this study indicate that the reduction in fetal weight in response to salt restriction during pregnancy does not involve alterations in uterine-placental perfusion or the RAS. Moreover, no change in fetal weight is observed in response to salt overload during pregnancy. However, salt overload did lead to an increase in placental weight and uterine blood flow associated with alterations in maternal plasma and placental RAS. Therefore, these findings indicate that changes in salt intake during pregnancy lead to alterations in uterine-placental perfusion and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Márcia Leandro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xia L, Zhou XP, Zhu JH, Xie XD, Zhang H, Wang XX, Chen JZ, Jian S. Decrease and dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells in umbilical cord blood with maternal pre-eclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2007; 33:465-74. [PMID: 17688613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre-eclampsia is characterized by placental defective angiogenesis and maternal vascular/endothelial dysfunction. Recently, the decrease and senescence of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) has been observed in maternal circulation with pre-eclampsia. Given the essential involvement of EPC in neovascularization and reendothelialization, we investigate whether or not the depletion of EPC is existent in placental/fetal circulation with maternal pre-eclampsia. METHODS Samples of venous cord blood were collected during the labor of preeclamptic mothers (n = 14) and normotensive controls (n = 10). Circulating EPC were enumerated as AC133+/KDR+ cells via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Additionally, EPC were expanded in vitro and identified by DiI-acLDL uptake and lectin staining by direct fluorescent staining under a laser scanning confocal microscope. EPC proliferation, migration and vasculogenesis activities were determined by MTT, modified Boyden chamber assay and in vitro vasculogenensis assay. RESULT The placental/fetal circulating EPC numbers were significantly decreased in the pre-eclampsia group compared with the control (median, 200; range, 100-440 cells/mL vs 390; 270-440 cells/mL, P < 0.001), and after in vitro cultivation the numbers of EPC also decreased in pre-eclampsia group (19.5; 5.0-32.0 vs 39.5; 31.2-52.0 EPC/x200 field; P < 0.001). Both circulating EPC and cultivated EPC were inversely correlated with cord blood level of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1). In addition, the EPC from patients with pre-eclampsia were significantly impaired in their proliferation, migration and vasculogenesis capacities. CONCLUSION The present study documented the decrease and dysfunction of placental/fetal circulating EPC in patients with pre-eclampsia. The alteration is probably associated with the increased sFlt-1 levels in the umbilical cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Beauséjour A, Houde V, Bibeau K, Gaudet R, St-Louis J, Brochu M. Renal and cardiac oxidative/nitrosative stress in salt-loaded pregnant rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1657-65. [PMID: 17652367 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00090.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sodium supplementation given for 1 wk to nonpregnant rats induces changes that are adequate to maintain renal and circulatory homeostasis as well as arterial blood pressure. However, in pregnant rats, proteinuria, fetal growth restriction, and placental oxidative stress are observed. Moreover, the decrease in blood pressure and expansion of circulatory volume, normally associated with pregnancy, are prevented by high-sodium intake. We hypothesized that, in these pregnant rats, a loss of the balance between prooxidation and antioxidation, particularly in kidneys and heart, disturbs the normal course of pregnancy and leads to manifestations such as gestational hypertension. We thus investigated the presence of oxidative/nitrosative stress in heart and kidneys following high-sodium intake in pregnant rats. Markers of this stress [8-isoprostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)) and nitrotyrosine], producer of nitric oxide [nitric oxide synthases (NOSs)], and antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase] were measured. Then, molecules (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and aconitase) or process [apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2), inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, connective tissue growth factor, and TNF-alpha)] susceptible to free radicals was determined. In kidneys from pregnant rats on 1.8% NaCl-water, NOSs, apoptotic index, and nitrotyrosine expression were increased, whereas Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase mRNA and activity were decreased. In the left cardiac ventricle of these rats, heightened nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), and catalase activity together with reduced endothelial NOS protein expression and SOD and aconitase activities were observed. These findings suggest that oxidative/nitrosative stress in kidney and left cardiac ventricle destabilizes the normal course of pregnancy and could lead to gestational hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Beauséjour
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
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