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Zhou Y, Bai YH, Han FX, Chen X, Wu FS, Liu Q, Ma WZ, Zhang YQ. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in response to drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:446. [PMID: 38778268 PMCID: PMC11112794 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is commonly used as a Chinese herbal medicine to treat different cardiovascular and cerebrovascular illnesses due to its active ingredients. Environmental conditions, especially drought stress, can affect the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza. However, moderate drought stress could improve the quality of S. miltiorrhiza without significantly reducing the yield, and the mechanism of this initial drought resistance is still unclear. In our study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses of S. miltiorrhiza under different drought treatment groups (CK, A, B, and C groups) were conducted to reveal the basis for its drought tolerance. We discovered that the leaves of S. miltiorrhiza under different drought treatment groups had no obvious shrinkage, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities dramatically increased, indicating that our drought treatment methods were moderate, and the leaves of S. miltiorrhiza began to initiate drought resistance. The morphology of root tissue had no significant change under different drought treatment groups, and the contents of four tanshinones significantly enhanced. In all, 5213, 6611, and 5241 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared in the A, B, and C groups compared with the CK group, respectively. The results of KEGG and co-expression analysis showed that the DEGs involved in plant-pathogen interactions, the MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction responded to drought stress and were strongly correlated with tanshinone biosynthesis. Furthermore, the results of metabolism analysis indicated that 67, 72, and 92 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including fumarate, ferulic acid, xanthohumol, and phytocassanes, which were primarily involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, were detected in these groups. These discoveries provide valuable information on the molecular mechanisms by which S. miltiorrhiza responds to drought stress and will facilitate the development of drought-resistant and high-quality S. miltiorrhiza production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng-Xia Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.
| | - Wen-Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Jiang J, Chen J, Han W, Liu Y, Kong L, Gong J, Su M, Chen D. Transfer, transportation, and adsorption of UV-B by Mg-N co doped carbon quantum dots: Response of growth indicators, antioxidant effect and mechanism explanation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123618. [PMID: 37976574 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Mg and N co-doped carbon quantum dots (Mg-N-CQDs) were synthesized and applied to alleviate oxygen toxicity by UV-B radiation and enhance antioxidative responses to wheat seedlings. It showed that Mg-N-CQDs pre-treatment attenuated the UV-B stress effects in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by enhancing the characteristics of seed germination and early seedling growth parameters. Meanwhile, Mg-N-CQDs can be applied in plant nutrient solutions with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other fertilizers to promote the growth of seedlings. Furthermore, efficient antioxidant systems, chlorophyll content, and stability of fluorescence intensity were activated by Mg-N-CQDs pre-treatment, which effectively increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), and eliminate the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide, and the production rate of superoxide anion radical in the roots and germs, thereby preventing oxidative damage from UV-B stress. Notably, Mg-N-CQDs pre-treatment significantly increased the expression of related genes to improve the antioxidant capacity of roots and germs, resulting in an increased level of ATPS, CS, and GS. The mechanism study indicated that amino and hydroxyl groups and Mg, N modified CQDs could broaden the light absorption range of CQDs and improve the ability to convert blue light and ultraviolet rays to visible light, which was the main reason why Mg-N-CQDs could relieve wheat seedlings from ultraviolet stress. Therefore, Mg-N-CQDs could serve as a regulator to reduce the damage of UV-B, laying the foundation for their application in environmental protection and agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing 163712, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jianbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weixing Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuxian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Linjun Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Minhua Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Diyun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Feng S, Yao YT, Wang BB, Li YM, Li L, Bao AK. Flavonoids are involved in salt tolerance through ROS scavenging in the halophyte Atriplex canescens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:5. [PMID: 38127154 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The content of flavonoids could increase in A. canescens under saline conditions. Overexpression of AcCHI in transgenic A. thaliana promotes flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby functioning in the tolerance of transgenic plants to salt and osmotic stress by maintaining ROS homeostasis. Atriplex canescens is a halophytic forage shrub with excellent adaptation to saline environment. Our previous study showed that a large number of genes related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids in A. canescens were significantly up-regulated by NaCl treatments. However, it remains unclear whether flavonoids are involved in A. canescens response to salinity. In this study, we found that the accumulation of flavonoids significantly increased in either the leaves or roots of A. canescens seedling under 100 and 300 mM NaCl treatments. Correspondingly, AcCHS, AcCHI and AcF3H, which encode three key enzymes (chalcone synthases (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), respectively) of flavonoids biosynthesis, were significantly induced in the roots or leaves of A. canescens by 100 or 300 mM NaCl. Then, we generated the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing AcCHI and found that transgenic plants accumulated more flavonoids through enhancing the pathway of flavonoids biosynthesis. Furthermore, overexpression of AcCHI conferred salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic A. thaliana. Contrasted with wild-type A. thaliana, transgenic lines grew better with greater biomass, less H2O2 content as well as lower relative plasma permeability in either salt or osmotic stress conditions. In conclusion, our results indicate that flavonoids play an important role in A. canescens response to salt stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and the key enzyme gene AcCHI in flavonoids biosynthesis pathway of A. canescens has the potential to improve the stress tolerance of forages and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yi-Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Grassland, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Chauhan H, Aiana, Singh K. Genome-wide identification of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe (II)-dependent dioxygenase family genes and their expression profiling under drought and salt stress in potato. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16449. [PMID: 38025721 PMCID: PMC10666615 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2-Oxoglutatrate-dependent dioxygenases (2OGDs) comprise the 2-Oxoglutatrate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (2ODD) enzyme families that facilitate the biosynthesis of various compounds like gibberellin, ethylene, etc. The 2OGDs are also involved in various catabolism pathways, such as auxin and salicylic acid catabolism. Despite their important roles, 2ODDs have not been studied in potato, which is the third most important crop globally. In this study, a comprehensive genome wide analysis was done to identify all 2ODDs in potatoes, and the putative genes were analysed for the presence of the signature 2OG-FeII_Oxy (PF03171) domain and the conserved DIOX_N (PF14226) domain. A total of 205 St2ODDs were identified and classified into eight groups based on their function. The physiochemical properties, gene structures, and motifs were analysed, and gene duplication events were also searched for St2ODDs. The active amino acid residues responsible for binding with 2-oxoglutarate and Fe (II) were conserved throughout the St2ODDs. The three-dimensional (3D) structures of the representative members of flavanol synthase (FNS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidases (ACOs), and gibberellin oxidases (GAOXs) were made and docked with their respective substrates, and the potential interactions were visualised. The expression patterns of the St2ODDs under abiotic stressors such as heat, salt, and drought were also analysed. We found altered expression levels of St2ODDs under abiotic stress conditions, which was further confirmed for drought and salt stress using qRT-PCR. The expression levels of St2ODD115, St2ODD34, and St2ODD99 were found to be upregulated in drought stress with 2.2, 1.8, and 2.6 fold changes, respectively. After rewatering, the expression levels were normal. In salt stress, the expression levels of St2ODD151, St2ODD76, St2ODD91, and St2ODD34 were found to be upregulated after 24 hours (h), 48 hours (h), 72 hours (h), and 96 hours (h). Altogether, the elevated expression levels suggest the importance of St2ODDs under abiotic stresses, i.e., drought and salt. Overall, our study provided a knowledge base for the 2ODD gene family in potato, which can be used further to study the important roles of 2ODDs in potato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanny Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aiana
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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5
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Rudenko NN, Vetoshkina DV, Marenkova TV, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM. Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2014. [PMID: 38001867 PMCID: PMC10669185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses leading to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS are capable of oxidizing proteins, pigments, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cell molecules, disrupting their functional activity. During the process of evolution, numerous antioxidant systems were formed in plants, including antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight non-enzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidant systems perform neutralization of ROS and therefore prevent oxidative damage of cell components. In the present review, we focus on the biosynthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plants cells such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione, flavonoids, isoprenoids, carotenoids, tocopherol (vitamin E), ubiquinone, and plastoquinone. Their functioning and their reactivity with respect to individual ROS will be described. This review is also devoted to the modern genetic engineering methods, which are widely used to change the quantitative and qualitative content of the non-enzymatic antioxidants in cultivated plants. These methods allow various plant lines with given properties to be obtained in a rather short time. The most successful approaches for plant transgenesis and plant genome editing for the enhancement of biosynthesis and the content of these antioxidants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Daria V. Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Tatiana V. Marenkova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Maria M. Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
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6
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Lin C, Duan Y, Li R, Wang P, Sun Y, Ding X, Zhang J, Yan H, Zhang W, Peng B, Zhao L, Zhang C. Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway May Indirectly Affect Outcrossing Rate of Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Lines of Soybean. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3461. [PMID: 37836201 PMCID: PMC10575370 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is important for exploiting heterosis. Soybean (Glycine max L.) has a low outcrossing rate that is detrimental for breeding sterile lines and producing hybrid seeds. Therefore, the molecular mechanism controlling the outcrossing rate should be elucidated to increase the outcrossing rate of soybean CMS lines; (2) Methods: The male-sterile soybean lines JLCMS313A (with a high outcrossing rate; HL) and JLCMS226A (with a low outcrossing rate; LL) were used for a combined analysis of the transcriptome (RNA-seq) and the targeted phenol metabolome; (3) Results: The comparison between HL and LL detected 5946 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 81 phenolic metabolites. The analysis of the DEGs and differentially abundant phenolic metabolites identified only one common KEGG pathway related to flavonoid biosynthesis. The qRT-PCR expression for eight DEGs was almost consistent with the transcriptome data. The comparison of the cloned coding sequence (CDS) regions of the SUS, FLS, UGT, and F3H genes between HL and LL revealed seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) only in the F3H CDS. Moreover, five significant differentially abundant phenolic metabolites between HL and LL were associated with flavonoid metabolic pathways. Finally, on the basis of the SNPs in the F3H CDS, one derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker was developed to distinguish between HL and LL soybean lines; (4) Conclusions: The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway may indirectly affect the outcrossing rate of CMS sterile lines in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Lin
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuetong Duan
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Rong Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Pengnian Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ding
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jingyong Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Bao Peng
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Chunbao Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (C.L.); (Y.D.); (R.L.); (P.W.); (Y.S.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Hybrid Soybean Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China
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7
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Zheng J, Zhao C, Liao Z, Liu X, Gong Q, Zhou C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cao J, Liu L, Wang D, Sun C. Functional characterization of two flavone synthase II members in citrus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad113. [PMID: 37577395 PMCID: PMC10419818 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), the main form of flavones in citrus, are derived from the flavone branch of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Flavone synthases (FNSs) are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of flavones from flavanones. However, the FNS in citrus has not been characterized yet. Here, we identified two type II FNSs, designated CitFNSII-1 and CitFNSII-2, based on phylogenetics and transcriptome analysis. Both recombinant CitFNSII-1 and CitFNSII-2 proteins directly converted naringenin, pinocembrin, and liquiritigenin to the corresponding flavones in yeast. In addition, transient overexpression of CitFNSII-1 and CitFNSII-2, respectively, in citrus peel significantly enhanced the accumulation of total PMFs, while virus-induced CitFNSII-1 and CitFNSII-2 genes silencing simultaneously significantly reduced the expression levels of both genes and total PMF content in citrus seedlings. CitFNSII-1 and CitFNSII-2 presented distinct expression patterns in different cultivars as well as different developmental stages. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) treatment reduced the CitFNSII-2 expression as well as the PMFs content in the peel of Citrus sinensis fruit but did not affect the CitFNSII-1 expression. These results indicated that both CitFNSII-1 and CitFNSII-2 participated in the flavone biosynthesis in citrus while the regulatory mechanism governing their expression might be specific. Our findings improved the understanding of the PMFs biosynthesis pathway in citrus and laid the foundation for further investigation on flavone synthesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zheng
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chenning Zhao
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhenkun Liao
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qin Gong
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chenwen Zhou
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jinping Cao
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Quzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Dengliang Wang
- Quzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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8
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Barnes PW, Robson TM, Zepp RG, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Ossola R, Wang QW, Robinson SA, Foereid B, Klekociuk AR, Martinez-Abaigar J, Hou WC, Mackenzie R, Paul ND. Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1049-1091. [PMID: 36723799 PMCID: PMC9889965 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new and rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation and other environmental factors because of ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone and climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the context of the Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess effects on terrestrial organisms, agriculture and food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services and feedbacks to the climate system. Emphasis is placed on the role of extreme climate events in altering the exposure to UV radiation of organisms and ecosystems and the potential effects on biodiversity. We also address the responses of plants to increased temporal variability in solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of UV radiation and other climate change factors (e.g. drought, temperature) on crops, and the role of UV radiation in driving the breakdown of organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) and biocides (pesticides and herbicides). Our assessment indicates that UV radiation and climate interact in various ways to affect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and that by protecting the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol continues to play a vital role in maintaining healthy, diverse ecosystems on land that sustain life on Earth. Furthermore, the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment are mitigating some of the negative environmental consequences of climate change by limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation and the terrestrial carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, USA.
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK.
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - R Ossola
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S A Robinson
- Global Challenges Program & School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - R Mackenzie
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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9
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Fu J, Wang PY, Ni R, Zhang JZ, Zhu TT, Tan H, Zhang J, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Molecular identification of a flavone synthase I/flavanone 3β-hydroxylase bifunctional enzyme from fern species Psilotum nudum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 329:111599. [PMID: 36682585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme flavone synthase Is (FNS Is) converts flavanones to flavones, whereas flavanone 3β-hydroxylases (F3Hs) catalyze the formation of dihydroflavonols, a precursor of flavonols and anthocyanins. Canonical F3Hs have been characterized in seed plants, which are evolutionarily related to liverwort FNS Is. However, as important evolutionary lineages between liverworts and seed plants, ferns FNS Is and F3Hs have not been identified. In the present study, we characterized a bifunctional enzyme PnFNS I/F3H from the fern Psilotum nudum. We found that PnFNS I/F3H catalyzed the conversion of naringenin to apigenin and dihydrokaempferol. In addition, it catalyzed five different flavanones to generate the corresponding flavones. Site-directed mutagenesis results indicated that the P228-Y228 mutant protein displayed the FNS I/F2H activity (catalyzing naringenin to generate apigenin and 2-hydroxynaringenin), thus having similar functions as liverwort FNS I/F2H. Moreover, the overexpression of PnFNS I/F3H in Arabidopsis tt6 and dmr6 mutants increased the content of flavones and flavonols in plants, further indicating that PnFNS I/F3H showed FNS I and F3H activities in planta. This is the first study to characterize a bifunctional enzyme FNS I/F3H in ferns. The functional transition from FNS I/F3H to FNS I/F2H will be helpful in further elucidating the relationship between angiosperm F3Hs and liverwort FNS Is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Piao-Yi Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Rong Ni
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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10
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Li Z, Wang H, Feng L, Li H, Li Y, Tian G, Niu P, Yang Y, Peng L. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Metabolic Diversity of Wild and Cultivated Stellaria Radix ( Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:775. [PMID: 36840123 PMCID: PMC9959334 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stellaria Radix, called Yinchaihu in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is obtained from the dried roots of Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. Cultivated yinchaihu (YCH) has become a main source of production to alleviate the shortage of wild plant resources, but it is not clear whether the metabolites of YCH change with the mode of production. In this study, the contents of methanol extracts, total sterols and total flavonoids in wild and cultivated YCH are compared. The metabolites were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The content of methanol extracts of the wild and cultivated YCH all exceeded the standard content of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, the contents of total sterols and total flavonoids in the wild YCH were significantly higher than those in the cultivated YCH. In total, 1586 metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry, and 97 were significantly different between the wild and cultivated sources, including β-sitosterol, quercetin derivatives as well as many newly discovered potential active components, such as trigonelline, arctiin and loganic acid. The results confirm that there is a rich diversity of metabolites in the wild and cultivated YCH, and provide a useful theoretical guidance for the evaluation of quality in the production of YCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Haishan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Gege Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Pilian Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Li Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Natural Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
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11
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Tariq H, Asif S, Andleeb A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Flavonoid Production: Current Trends in Plant Metabolic Engineering and De Novo Microbial Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010124. [PMID: 36677049 PMCID: PMC9864322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
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12
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Kaur S, Tiwari V, Kumari A, Chaudhary E, Sharma A, Ali U, Garg M. Protective and defensive role of anthocyanins under plant abiotic and biotic stresses: An emerging application in sustainable agriculture. J Biotechnol 2023; 361:12-29. [PMID: 36414125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is the major cause of abiotic and biotic stresses that reduce plant growth and productivity. Various stresses such as drought, low temperature, pathogen attack, high temperature and salinity all negatively influence plant growth and development. Due to sessile beings, they cannot escape from these adverse conditions. However, plants develop a variety of systems that can help them to tolerate, resist, and escape challenges imposed by the environment. Among them, anthocyanins are a good example of stress mitigators. They aid plant growth and development by increasing anthocyanin accumulation, which leads to increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In the primary metabolism of plants, anthocyanin improves the photosynthesis rate, membrane permeability, up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and optimizes nutrient uptake. Generally, the most important genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated under various abiotic and biotic stresses. The present review will highlight anthocyanin mediated stress tolerance in plants under various abiotic and biotic stresses. We have also compiled literature related to genetically engineer stress-tolerant crops generated using over-expression of genes belonging to anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway or its regulation. To sum up, the present review provides an up-to-date description of various signal transduction mechanisms that modulate or enhance anthocyanin accumulation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Vandita Tiwari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Era Chaudhary
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Usman Ali
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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13
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Zhu F, Sun Y, Jadhav SS, Cheng Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. The Plant Metabolic Changes and the Physiological and Signaling Functions in the Responses to Abiotic Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2642:129-150. [PMID: 36944876 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3044-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has altered, and will further alter, rainfall patterns and temperatures likely causing more frequent drought and heat waves, which will consequently exacerbate abiotic stresses of plants and significantly decrease the yield and quality of crops. On the one hand, the global demand for food is ever-increasing owing to the rapid increase of the human population. On the other hand, metabolic responses are one of the most important mechanisms by which plants adapt to and survive to abiotic stresses. Here we therefore summarize recent progresses including the plant primary and secondary metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and their function in plant resistance acting as antioxidants, osmoregulatory, and signaling factors, which enrich our knowledge concerning commonalities of plant metabolic responses to abiotic stresses, including their involvement in signaling processes. Finally, we discuss potential methods of metabolic fortification of crops in order to improve their abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yuming Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sagar Sudam Jadhav
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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14
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Veselá B, Holub P, Urban O, Surá K, Hodaňová P, Oravec M, Divinová R, Jansen MAK, Klem K. UV radiation and drought interact differently in grass and forb species of a mountain grassland. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111488. [PMID: 36206962 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among abiotic stressors, drought and enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV) received a lot of attention, because of their potential to impair plant growth. Since drought and UV induce partially similar protective mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that UV ameliorates the effect of reduced water availability (WA) in selected grass (Holcus mollis and Agrostis capillaris) and forb species (Hypericum maculatum and Rumex acetosa). During 2011-2014, an outdoor manipulation experiment was conducted on a mountain grassland ecosystem (Beskydy Mts; Czech Republic). Lamellar shelters were used to pass (WAamb) or exclude (WA-) incident precipitation in order to simulate reduced water availability (WA). In addition, the lamellas were made from acrylics either transmitting (UVamb) or blocking (UV-) incident UV. Generally, both UV exposure and reduced WA enhanced epidermal UV-screening, while exposure to both factors resulted in less than additive interactions. Although UV radiation increased epidermal UV-screening rather in the grass (up to 29 % in A. capillaris) than forb (up to 12 % in H. maculatum) species and rather in well-watered than reduced WA plants, such acclimation response did not result in significant alleviation of reduced WA effects on gas exchange and morphological parameters. The study contributes to a better understanding of plant responses to complex environmental conditions and will help for successful modelling forecasts of future climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Surá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hodaňová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Divinová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
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15
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Liu Y, Fan W, Cheng Q, Zhang L, Cai T, Shi Q, Wang Z, Chang C, Yin Q, Jiang X, Jin K. Multi-omics analyses reveal new insights into nutritional quality changes of alfalfa leaves during the flowering period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995031. [PMID: 36531350 PMCID: PMC9748345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-quality alfalfa is an indispensable resource for animal husbandry and sustainable development. Its nutritional quality changes dramatically during its life cycle and, at present, no molecular mechanisms for nutrient metabolic variation in alfalfa leaves at different growth stages have been clearly reported. We have used correlation and network analyses of the alfalfa leaf metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome to explore chlorophyll, flavonoid, and amino acid content at two development stages: budding stage (BS) and full-bloom stage (FBS). A high correlation between the expression of biosynthetic genes and their metabolites revealed significant reductions in metabolite content as the plant matured from BS to FBS. l-Glutamate, the first molecule of chlorophyll biosynthesis, decreased, and the expression of HemA, which controls the transformation of glutamyl-tRNA to glutamate 1-semialdehyde, was down-regulated, leading to a reduction in leaf chlorophyll content. Flavonoids also decreased, driven at least in part by increased expression of the gene encoding CYP75B1: flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of dihydroflavonols and flavonols, resulting in degradation of flavonoids. Expression of NITRILASE 2 (NIT2) and Methyltransferase B (metB), which regulate amino acid metabolism and influence the expression of genes of the glycolysis-TCA pathway, were down-regulated, causing amino acid content in alfalfa leaves to decrease at FBS. This study provides new insights into the complex regulatory network governing the content and decrease of chlorophyll, amino acids, flavonoids, and other nutrients in alfalfa leaves during maturation. These results further provide a theoretical basis for the generation of alfalfa varieties exhibiting higher nutritional quality, high-yield cultivation, and a timely harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Forage, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Forage, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Forage, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Forage, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
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16
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Yang X, Lim SHM, Lin J, Wu J, Tang H, Zhao F, Liu F, Sun C, Shi X, Kuang Y, Toy JYH, Du K, Zhang Y, Wang X, Sun M, Song Z, Wang T, Wu J, Houk KN, Huang D. Oxygen mediated oxidative couplings of flavones in alkaline water. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6424. [PMID: 36307433 PMCID: PMC9614196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalyzed oxidative C-C bond coupling reactions play an important role in the chemical synthesis of complex natural products of medicinal importance. However, the poor functional group tolerance renders them unfit for the synthesis of naturally occurring polyphenolic flavones. We find that molecular oxygen in alkaline water acts as a hydrogen atom acceptor and oxidant in catalyst-free (without added catalyst) oxidative coupling of luteolin and other flavones. By this facile method, we achieve the synthesis of a small collection of flavone dimers and trimers including naturally occurring dicranolomin, philonotisflavone, dehydrohegoflavone, distichumtriluteolin, and cyclodistichumtriluteolin. Mechanistic studies using both experimental and computational chemistry uncover the underlying reasons for optimal pH, oxygen availability, and counter-cations that define the success of the reaction. We expect our reaction opens up a green and sustainable way to synthesize flavonoid dimers and oligomers using the readily available monomeric flavonoids isolated from biomass and exploiting their use for health care products and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Sophie Hui Min Lim
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jiachen Lin
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore ,grid.452673.1National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Haidi Tang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore ,grid.452673.1National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Fengyue Zhao
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Chenghua Sun
- grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, FSET, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Xiangcheng Shi
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yulong Kuang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Joanne Yi Hui Toy
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Ke Du
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuannian Zhang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiang Wang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Mingtai Sun
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhixuan Song
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Tian Wang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Ji’en Wu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - K. N. Houk
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Dejian Huang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore ,grid.452673.1National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu China
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17
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Zhu X, Mi Y, Meng X, Zhang Y, Chen W, Cao X, Wan H, Yang W, Li J, Wang S, Xu Z, Wahab AT, Chen S, Sun W. Genome-wide identification of key enzyme-encoding genes and the catalytic roles of two 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Cannabis sativa L. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:215. [PMID: 36243861 PMCID: PMC9571422 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are necessary for plant growth and resistance to adversity and stress. They are also an essential nutrient for human diet and health. Among the metabolites produced in Cannabis sativa (C. sativa), phytocannabinoids have undergone extensive research on their structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities. Besides the phytocannabinoids, C. sativa is also rich in terpenes, alkaloids, and flavonoids, although little research has been conducted in this area. Results In this study, we identified 11 classes of key enzyme-encoding genes, including 56 members involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis in C. sativa, from their physical characteristics to their expression patterns. We screened the potentially step-by-step enzymes catalyzing the precursor phenylalanine to the end flavonoids using a conjoin analysis of gene expression with metabolomics from different tissues and chemovars. Flavonol synthase (FLS), belonging to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) superfamily, catalyzes the dihydroflavonols to flavonols. In vitro recombinant protein activity analysis revealed that CsFLS2 and CsFLS3 had a dual function in converting naringenin (Nar) to dihydrokaempferol (DHK), as well as dihydroflavonols to flavonols with different substrate preferences. Meanwhile, we found that CsFLS2 produced apigenin (Api) in addition to DHK and kaempferol when Nar was used as the substrate, indicating that CsFLS2 has an evolutionary relationship with Cannabis flavone synthase I. Conclusions Our study identified key enzyme-encoding genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in C. sativa and highlighted the key CsFLS genes that generate flavonols and their diversified functions in C. sativa flavonoid production. This study paves the way for reconstructing the entire pathway for C. sativa’s flavonols and cannflavins production in heterologous systems or plant culture, and provides a theoretical foundation for discovering new cannabis-specific flavonoids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01933-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yaolei Mi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Xiangxiao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Huihua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Sifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Atia Tul Wahab
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100070, China.
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18
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Chacon DS, Santos MDM, Bonilauri B, Vilasboa J, da Costa CT, da Silva IB, Torres TDM, de Araújo TF, Roque ADA, Pilon AC, Selegatto DM, Freire RT, Reginaldo FPS, Voigt EL, Zuanazzi JAS, Scortecci KC, Cavalheiro AJ, Lopes NP, Ferreira LDS, dos Santos LV, Fontes W, de Sousa MV, Carvalho PC, Fett-Neto AG, Giordani RB. Non-target molecular network and putative genes of flavonoid biosynthesis in Erythrina velutina Willd., a Brazilian semiarid native woody plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:947558. [PMID: 36161018 PMCID: PMC9493460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Erythrina velutina is a Brazilian native tree of the Caatinga (a unique semiarid biome). It is widely used in traditional medicine showing anti-inflammatory and central nervous system modulating activities. The species is a rich source of specialized metabolites, mostly alkaloids and flavonoids. To date, genomic information, biosynthesis, and regulation of flavonoids remain unknown in this woody plant. As part of a larger ongoing research goal to better understand specialized metabolism in plants inhabiting the harsh conditions of the Caatinga, the present study focused on this important class of bioactive phenolics. Leaves and seeds of plants growing in their natural habitat had their metabolic and proteomic profiles analyzed and integrated with transcriptome data. As a result, 96 metabolites (including 43 flavonoids) were annotated. Transcripts of the flavonoid pathway totaled 27, of which EvCHI, EvCHR, EvCHS, EvCYP75A and EvCYP75B1 were identified as putative main targets for modulating the accumulation of these metabolites. The highest correspondence of mRNA vs. protein was observed in the differentially expressed transcripts. In addition, 394 candidate transcripts encoding for transcription factors distributed among the bHLH, ERF, and MYB families were annotated. Based on interaction network analyses, several putative genes of the flavonoid pathway and transcription factors were related, particularly TFs of the MYB family. Expression patterns of transcripts involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and those involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses were discussed in detail. Overall, these findings provide a base for the understanding of molecular and metabolic responses in this medicinally important species. Moreover, the identification of key regulatory targets for future studies aiming at bioactive metabolite production will be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Sotero Chacon
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Bonilauri
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Johnatan Vilasboa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cibele Tesser da Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Taffarel de Melo Torres
- Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Computer Biology Nucleus, Rural Federal University of the Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Alan de Araújo Roque
- Institute for Sustainable Development and Environment, Dunas Park Herbarium, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alan Cesar Pilon
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Medeiros Selegatto
- Zimmermann Group, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rafael Teixeira Freire
- Signal and Information Processing for Sensing Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Luiz Voigt
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia Castanho Scortecci
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Vieira dos Santos
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo Costa Carvalho
- Computational and Structural Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, PR, Brazil
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Brandt Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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19
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Fang S, Li T, Zhang P, Liu C, Cong B, Liu S. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the adaptation of Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans to drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924162. [PMID: 36035699 PMCID: PMC9403716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most regions of the Antarctic continent are experiencing increased dryness due to global climate change. Mosses and lichens are the dominant vegetation of the ice-free areas of Antarctica. However, the molecular mechanisms of these Antarctic plants adapting to drought stress are less documented. Here, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were employed to reveal the responses of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans subsp. LIU) to drought stress. We found that drought stress made the gametophytes turn yellow and curled, and enhanced the contents of malondialdehyde and proline, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Totally, 2,451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were uncovered under drought treatment. The representative DEGs are mainly involved in ROS-scavenging and detoxification, flavonoid metabolism pathway, plant hormone signaling pathway, lipids metabolism pathway, transcription factors and signal-related genes. Meanwhile, a total of 354 differentially changed metabolites (DCMs) were detected in the metabolome analysis. Flavonoids and lipids were the most abundant metabolites and they accounted for 41.53% of the significantly changed metabolites. In addition, integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed co-expression patterns of flavonoid and long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis genes and their metabolites. Finally, qPCR analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of stress-related genes were significantly increased. These genes included those involved in ABA signaling pathway (NCED3, PP2C, PYL, and SnAK2), jasmonate signaling pathway (AOC, AOS, JAZ, and OPR), flavonoid pathway (CHS, F3',5'H, F3H, FLS, FNS, and UFGT), antioxidant and detoxifying functions (POD, GSH-Px, Prx and DTX), and transcription factors (ERF and DREB). In summary, we speculated that P. nutans were highly dependent on ABA and jasmonate signaling pathways, ROS scavenging, flavonoids and fatty acid metabolism in response to drought stress. These findings present an important knowledge for assessing the impact of coastal climate change on Antarctic basal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
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20
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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Root and Leaf Transcript Profiles Reveals the Coordinated Mechanisms in Response to Salinity Stress in Common Vetch. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158477. [PMID: 35955619 PMCID: PMC9369433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its strong environmental suitability to adverse abiotic stress conditions, common vetch (Vicia sativa) is grown worldwide for both forage and green manure purposes and is an important protein source for human consumption and livestock feed. The germination of common vetch seeds and growth of seedlings are severely affected by salinity stress, and the response of common vetch to salinity stress at the molecular level is still poorly understood. In this study, we report the first comparative transcriptomic analysis of the leaves and roots of common vetch under salinity stress. A total of 6361 differentially expressed genes were identified in leaves and roots. In the roots, the stress response was dominated by genes involved in peroxidase activity. However, the genes in leaves focused mainly on Ca2+ transport. Overexpression of six salinity-inducible transcription factors in yeast further confirmed their biological functions in the salinity stress response. Our study provides the most comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of common vetch leaf and root responses to salinity stress. Our findings broaden the knowledge of the common and distinct intrinsic molecular mechanisms within the leaves and roots of common vetch and could help to develop common vetch cultivars with high salinity tolerance.
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21
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Wang QH, Zhang J, Liu Y, Jia Y, Jiao YN, Xu B, Chen ZD. Diversity, phylogeny, and adaptation of bryophytes: insights from genomic and transcriptomic data. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4306-4322. [PMID: 35437589 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are among the earliest land plants, and occupy a crucial phylogenetic position to aid in the understanding of plant terrestrialization. Despite their small size and simple structure, bryophytes are the second largest group of extant land plants. They live ubiquitously in various habitats and are highly diversified, with adaptive strategies to modern ecosystems on Earth. More and more genomes and transcriptomes have been assembled to address fundamental questions in plant biology. Here, we review recent advances in bryophytes associated with diversity, phylogeny, and ecological adaptation. Phylogenomic studies have provided increasing supports for the monophyly of bryophytes, with hornworts sister to the Setaphyta clade including liverworts and mosses. Further comparative genomic analyses revealed that multiple whole-genome duplications might have contributed to the species richness and morphological diversity in mosses. We highlight that the biological changes through gene gain or neofunctionalization that primarily evolved in bryophytes have facilitated the adaptation to early land environments; among the strategies to adapt to modern ecosystems in bryophytes, desiccation tolerance is the most remarkable. More genomic information for bryophytes would shed light on key mechanisms for the ecological success of these 'dwarfs' in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Nian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Duan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Zhang F, Huang J, Guo H, Yang C, Li Y, Shen S, Zhan C, Qu L, Liu X, Wang S, Chen W, Luo J. OsRLCK160 contributes to flavonoid accumulation and UV-B tolerance by regulating OsbZIP48 in rice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1380-1394. [PMID: 35079956 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce specialized metabolites to adapt to the ever-changing environments. Flavonoids are antioxidants essential for growth, development, and breeding with increased stress resistance in crops. However, the mechanism of the involvement of flavonoids in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress in rice (Oryza sativa) is largely unknown. In this study, we cloned and functionally identified a receptor-like kinase (OsRLCK160) and a bZIP transcription factor (OsbZIP48) positively regulating flavonoid accumulation through metabolite-based genome-wide association study of the flavonoid content in rice. Meanwhile, OsRLCK160 interacted with and phosphorylated OsbZIP48 to regulate the flavonoid accumulation and participate in UV-B tolerance in rice. Our study indicates the importance of applying OsRLCK160 and OsbZIP48 to advance the fundamental understanding of stable rice production and breed UV-B-tolerant rice varieties, which may contribute to breeding high-yield rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangqian Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuansong Zhan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Lianghuan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China.
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23
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Liu S, Fang S, Cong B, Li T, Yi D, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhang P. The Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans Genome Provides Insights Into the Evolution of Bryophytes and the Adaptation to Extreme Terrestrial Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920138. [PMID: 35783932 PMCID: PMC9247546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic continent has extreme natural environment and fragile ecosystem. Mosses are one of the dominant floras in the Antarctic continent. However, their genomic features and adaptation processes to extreme environments remain poorly understood. Here, we assembled the high-quality genome sequence of the Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) with 698.20 Mb and 22 chromosomes. We found that the high proportion of repeat sequences and a recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) contribute to the large size genome of P. nutans when compared to other bryophytes. The genome of P. nutans harbors the signatures of massive segmental gene duplications and large expansions of gene families, likely facilitating neofunctionalization. Genomic characteristics that may support the Antarctic lifestyle of this moss comprise expanded gene families involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Additional contributions include the significant expansion and upregulation of several genes encoding DNA photolyase, antioxidant enzymes, flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes, possibly reflecting diverse adaptive strategies. Notably, integrated multi-omic analyses elucidate flavonoid biosynthesis may function as the reactive oxygen species detoxification under UV-B radiation. Our studies provide insight into the unique features of the Antarctic moss genome and their molecular responses to extreme terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Zhao,
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Pengying Zhang,
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24
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Hou Q, Li S, Shang C, Wen Z, Cai X, Hong Y, Qiao G. Genome-wide characterization of chalcone synthase genes in sweet cherry and functional characterization of CpCHS1 under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989959. [PMID: 36061761 PMCID: PMC9437463 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cherries are one of the important fruit trees. The growth of cherry is greatly affected by abiotic stresses such as drought, which hinders its development. Chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway that plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. In the current study, three genes encoding chalcone synthase were identified in the genome of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). The three genes contained fewer introns and showed high homology with CHS genes of other Rosaceae members. All members are predicted to localize in the cytoplasm. The conserved catalytic sites may be located at the Cys163, Phe214, His302, and Asn335 residues. These genes were differentially expressed during flower bud dormancy and fruit development. The total flavonoid content of Chinese cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.) was highest in the leaves and slightly higher in the pulp than in the peel. No significant difference in total flavonoid content was detected between aborted kernels and normally developing kernels. Overexpression of Chinese cherry CpCHS1 in tobacco improved the germination frequency of tobacco seeds under drought stress, and the fresh weight of transgenic seedlings under drought stress was higher than that of the wild type, and the contents of SOD, POD, CAT, and Pro in OE lines were significantly increased and higher than WT under drought stress. These results indicate cherry CHS genes are conserved and functionally diverse and will assist in elucidating the functions of flavonoid synthesis pathways in cherry and other Rosaceae species under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- College of Forestry, Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Qiao,
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25
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Wang H, Liu S, Fan F, Yu Q, Zhang P. A Moss 2-Oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-Dependent Dioxygenases (2-ODD) Gene of Flavonoids Biosynthesis Positively Regulates Plants Abiotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850062. [PMID: 35968129 PMCID: PMC9372559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, the largest group of polyphenolic secondary metabolites present in all land plants, play essential roles in many biological processes and defense against abiotic stresses. In the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, flavones synthase I (FNSI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) all belong to 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) family, which catalyzes the critical oxidative reactions to form different flavonoid subgroups. Here, a novel 2-ODD gene was cloned from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans (Pn2-ODD1) and its functions were investigated both in two model plants, Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana. Heterologous expression of Pn2-ODD1 increased the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonol in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the transgenic P. patens and Arabidopsis with expressing Pn2-ODD1 exhibited enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought stresses, with larger gametophyte sizes, better seed germination, and longer root growth. Heterologous expression of Pn2-ODD1 in Arabidopsis also conferred the tolerance to UV-B radiation and oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant capacity. Therefore, we showed that Pn2-ODD1 participated in the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonol in transgenic plants, and regulated the tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants, contributing to the adaptation of P. nutans to the polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Fan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Pengying Zhang
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Alkaloids and flavonoids exert protective effects against UVB-induced damage in a 3D skin model using human keratinocytes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Liu W, Feng Y, Yu S, Fan Z, Li X, Li J, Yin H. The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Network in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312824. [PMID: 34884627 PMCID: PMC8657439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of secondary metabolites widely found in plants, contributing to plant growth and development and having prominent applications in food and medicine. The biosynthesis of flavonoids has long been the focus of intense research in plant biology. Flavonoids are derived from the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, and have a basic structure that comprises a C15 benzene ring structure of C6-C3-C6. Over recent decades, a considerable number of studies have been directed at elucidating the mechanisms involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. In this review, we systematically summarize the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. We further assemble an exhaustive map of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants comprising eight branches (stilbene, aurone, flavone, isoflavone, flavonol, phlobaphene, proanthocyanidin, and anthocyanin biosynthesis) and four important intermediate metabolites (chalcone, flavanone, dihydroflavonol, and leucoanthocyanidin). This review affords a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding flavonoid biosynthesis, and provides the theoretical basis for further elucidating the pathways involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which will aid in better understanding their functions and potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (W.L.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (Z.F.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (W.L.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (Z.F.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Suhang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (W.L.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (Z.F.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhengqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (W.L.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (Z.F.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (W.L.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (Z.F.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (W.L.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (Z.F.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-6334-6372 (J.L.)
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (W.L.); (Y.F.); (S.Y.); (Z.F.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-6334-6372 (J.L.)
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Ferreyra MLF, Serra P, Casati P. Recent advances on the roles of flavonoids as plant protective molecules after UV and high light exposure. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:736-749. [PMID: 34453749 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant specialized metabolites that consist of one oxygenated and two aromatic rings. Different flavonoids are grouped according to the oxidation degree of the carbon rings; they can later be modified by glycosylations, hydroxylations, acylations, methylations, or prenylations. These modifications generate a wide collection of different molecules which have various functions in plants. All flavonoids absorb in the UV wavelengths, they mostly accumulate in the epidermis of plant cells and their biosynthesis is generally activated after UV exposure. Therefore, they have been assumed to protect plants against exposure to radiation in this range. Some flavonoids also absorb in other wavelengths, for example anthocyanins, which absorb light in the visible part of the solar spectrum. Besides, some flavonoids show antioxidant properties, that is, they act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species that could be produced after high fluence UV exposure. However, to date most reports were based on in vitro studies, and there is very little in vivo evidence of how their roles are carried out. In this review we first summarize the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids and their characteristics, and we describe recent advances on the investigation of the role of three of the most abundant flavonoids: flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanins, protecting plants against UV exposure and high light exposure. We also present examples of how using UV-B supplementation to increase flavonoid content, is possible to improve plant nutritional and pharmaceutical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorena Falcone Ferreyra
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paloma Serra
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Wang J, Li M, Feng J, Yan X, Chen H, Han R. Effects of TiO 2-NPs pretreatment on UV-B stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130809. [PMID: 33992849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the ozone hole in the North and South poles continues to increase, the entire ecosystem will face an environmental crisis caused by enhanced UV-B radiation. Considering the function of TiO2 and the application of nanomaterials in agriculture, the effect of TiO2-NPs on UV-B stress tolerance in Arabidopsis was investigated. The phenotype of plants was determined, and the expression patterns of antioxidant systems and related genes were analyzed. Modification of the antioxidant system and changes in the flavonoid content of plants were observed by histochemical staining. The effects of TiO2-NPs and UV-B on mitosis were observed at the cellular level, and the degree of DNA damage was analyzed by the detection of CPDs content. The effects of TiO2-NPs and UV-B on SOD isozymes were detected by SOD isozyme Native-PAGE electrophoresis. A laser confocal microscope was used to explore the protective mechanism of TiO2-NPs against UV-B radiation. Results showed that pretreatment of TiO2-NPs significantly alleviated the stress of UV-B radiation on plants. TiO2-NPs activated the antioxidant system of plants, improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and promoted the synthesis of flavonoids. Moreover, TiO2-NPs could effectively shield UV-B radiation to prevent the depolymerization of microtubules in plant cells. 10 mg/L of TiO2-NPs is a safe and effective application dose, which has no biological toxicity to plants. Our research results reported for the first time that pretreatment of TiO2-NPs could effectively alleviate UV-B stress to plants, providing new ideas for the application of nanomaterials in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingwei Li
- Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinlin Feng
- Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huize Chen
- Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Han
- Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041004, People's Republic of China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, People's Republic of China.
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Meng D, Dong B, Niu L, Song Z, Wang L, Amin R, Cao H, Li H, Yang Q, Fu Y. The pigeon pea CcCIPK14-CcCBL1 pair positively modulates drought tolerance by enhancing flavonoid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1278-1297. [PMID: 33733535 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play a central role in Ca2+ signalling and promote drought tolerance in plants. The CIPK gene family in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.), a major food crop affected by drought, has not previously been characterised. Here, we identified 28 CIPK genes in the pigeon pea genome. Five CcCIPK genes were strongly upregulated in roots upon drought treatment and were selected for further characterisation. Overexpression of CcCIPK13 and CcCIPK14 increased survival rates by two- to three-fold relative to controls after 14 days of drought. Furthermore, the three major flavonoids, genistin, genistein and apigenin, were significantly upregulated in the same transgenic plants. Using CcCIPK14 as bait, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified six interactors, including CcCBL1. CcCIPK14 exhibited autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of CcCBL1 in vitro. CcCBL1-overexpressed plants displayed higher survival rates upon drought stress as well as higher expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and flavonoid content. CcCIPK14-overexpressed plants in which CcCBL1 transcript levels were reduced by RNA interference had lower survival rates, which indicated CcCBL1 in the same pathway as CcCIPK14. Together, our results demonstrate a role for the CcCIPK14-CcCBL1 complex in drought stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in pigeon pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Biying Dong
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Zhihua Song
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Litao Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Rohul Amin
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Soriano G, Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Monforte L, Tomás-Las-Heras R, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Developmental Stage Determines the Accumulation Pattern of UV-Absorbing Compounds in the Model Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis under Controlled Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030473. [PMID: 33802248 PMCID: PMC7998775 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis is an emerging model plant, and some data are available on its responses to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, it is unknown if the developmental stage of the thalli modulates the effects of UV radiation on the contents of potentially protecting phenolic compounds. To fill this gap, liverwort samples were exposed or non-exposed to UV radiation for 38 days under controlled conditions, using three developmental stages: gemmae (G), one-month thalli (T1), and two-month thalli (T2). Then, the bulk level of methanol-soluble UV-absorbing compounds and the contents of six flavones (apigenin and luteolin derivatives) were measured. The UV responsiveness decreased with thallus age: G and T1 plants were the most UV-responsive and showed a strong increase in all the variables, with G plants more responsive than T1 plants. In UV-exposed T2 plants, only apigenin derivatives increased and more modestly, probably due to a lower acclimation capacity. Nevertheless, the thalli became progressively tougher due to a decreasing water content, representing a possible structural protection against UV. In UV-exposed plants, the temporal patterns of the accumulation of phenolic compounds were compound-specific. Most compounds decreased with thallus age, but di-glucuronide derivatives showed a bell-shaped pattern, with T1 plants showing the highest contents. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) ordination of the different samples summarized the results found. The patterns described above should be taken into account to select thalli of an adequate developmental stage for experiments investigating the induction of phenolic compounds by UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Soriano
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Del-Castillo-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Laura Monforte
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Rafael Tomás-Las-Heras
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-941299754
| | - Encarnación Núñez-Olivera
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (G.S.); (M.-Á.D.-C.-A.); (L.M.); (R.T.-L.-H.); (E.N.-O.)
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