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Wen X, Wu D, Chen D, Xu P, Zhao T, Chen S, Zhu Z, Zhong H, Chen P. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen as key driving factors promoting the assessment of acid-base buffering characteristics in a tea (Camellia sinensis) plantation habitat. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:596. [PMID: 38839676 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The issue of soil acidification in tea plantations has become a critical concern due to its potential impact on tea quality and plant health. Understanding the factors contributing to soil acidification is essential for implementing effective soil management strategies in tea-growing regions. In this study, a field study was conducted to investigate the effects of tea plantations on soil acidification and the associated acid-base buffering capacity (pHBC). We assessed acidification, pHBC, nutrient concentrations, and cation contents in the top 0-20 cm layer of soil across forty tea gardens of varying stand ages (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-40 years old) in Anji County, Zhejiang Province, China. The results revealed evident soil acidification due to tea plantation activities, with the lowest soil pH observed in tea gardens aged 10-20 and 20-40 years. Higher levels of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), Olsen phosphorus (Olsen-P), available iron (Fe), and exchangeable hydrogen (H+) were notably recorded in 10-20 and 20-40 years old tea garden soils, suggesting an increased risk of soil acidification with prolonged tea cultivation. Furthermore, prolonged tea cultivation correlated with increased pHBC, which amplified with tea stand ages. The investigation of the relationship between soil pHBC and various parameters highlighted significant influences from soil pH, SOM, cation exchange capacity, TN, available potassium, Olsen-P, exchangeable acids (including H+ and aluminum), available Fe, and available zinc. Consequently, these findings underscore a substantial risk of soil acidification in tea gardens within the monitored region, with SOM and TN content being key driving factors influencing pHBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji, 313300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji, 313300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dingjiang Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji, 313300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiran Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, Hubei, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, Hubei, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, Hubei, China
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2
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Zhang H, Song Y, Fan Z, Ruan J, Hu J, Zhang Q. Aluminum Supplementation Mediates the Changes in Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism in Response to Calcium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:530. [PMID: 38203700 PMCID: PMC10778998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea plants are more sensitive to variations in calcium concentration compared to other plants, whereas a moderate aluminum concentration facilitates the growth and development of tea plants. Aluminum and calcium show a competitive interaction with respect to the uptake of elements, consequently exerting physiological effects on plants. To further explore these interactions, in this study, we used the solution culture method to treat tea plants with two calcium concentrations (0.8 mM and 5.6 mM) and three aluminum concentrations (0 mM, 0.4 mM, and 1 mM). We then determined the influence of the combined treatments on root growth and quality compound accumulation in the tissues by a combination of phenotype, gene expression, and metabolite analyses. Moderate aluminum supplementation (0.4 mM) alleviated the inhibition of root growth caused by high calcium stress. High calcium stress significantly inhibited the accumulation of most amino acids (e.g., Glutamic acid, Citulline, and Arginine) and organic acids (e.g., a-ketoglutaric acid) in the roots, stems, and leaves, whereas aluminum deficiency significantly increased most amino acids in the roots and leaves (except Serine, Alanine, and Phenylalanine in the roots and Ser in the leaves), with a more than two-fold increase in Arg and Lysine. High calcium stress also induced the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as epigallocatechin gallate and procyanidin in the roots, whereas aluminum supplementation significantly reduced the contents of flavonol glycosides such as quercetin, rutin, myricitrin, and kaempferitrin, as well as caffeine, regardless of calcium concentration. Aluminum supplementation reversed some of the changes in the contents of leaf metabolites induced by calcium stress (e.g., 4-dihydroquercetin, apigenin C-pentoside, phenethylamine, and caffeine). Overall, calcium stress caused severe growth inhibition and metabolic disorders in tea plants, which could be reversed by aluminum supplementation, particularly in maintaining the root tips and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. These results provide a theoretical basis for improving calcium-aluminum nutrient management to promote tea plant growth and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (H.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Yakang Song
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.S.); (Z.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhenglei Fan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.S.); (Z.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (H.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Jianhui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.S.); (Z.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (H.Z.); (J.R.)
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3
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Wang Y, Li J, Pan Y, Chen J, Liu Y. Metabolic Responses to Manganese Toxicity in Soybean Roots and Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3615. [PMID: 37896078 PMCID: PMC10610265 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most crucial beans in the world. Although Mn (manganese) is a kind of important nutritive element helpful to plant growth and health, excess Mn is harmful to crops. Nevertheless, the effect of Mn toxicity on soybean roots and leaves metabolism is still not clear. To explore this, water culture experiments were conducted on the development, activity of enzyme, and metabolic process of soybeans under varying levels of Mn treatment (5 and 100 μM). Compared with the control, the soybeans under Mn stress showed inhibited growth and development. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and the soluble protein content in leaves and roots of soybean were all increased. However, soluble sugar and proline contents in soybean roots and leaves showed the opposite trend. In addition, the Mg (magnesium) and Fe (iron) ion contents in soybean leaves significantly decreased, and the Mn ion content greatly increased. In roots, the Mn and Fe ion content increased, whereas the Mg ion content decreased. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis based on nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 136 and 164 differential metabolites (DMs) that responded to Mn toxicity in roots and leaves of soybean, respectively. These DMs might participate in five different primary metabolic pathways in soybean leaves and roots, suggesting that soybean leaves and roots demonstrate different kinds of reactions in response to Mn toxicity. These findings indicate that Mn toxicity will result in enzymes activity being changed and the metabolic pathway being seriously affected, hence inhibiting the development of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuhu Pan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jingye Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Zhou M, Yuan Y, Lin J, Lin L, Zhou J, Li Z. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14309. [PMID: 37762612 PMCID: PMC10532299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acidic soils. This study aims to investigate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) priming on mitigating acid-Al toxicity to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) associated with changes in plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant defense, key metabolites, and genes related to organic acids metabolism. Thirty-seven-old plants were primed with or without 0.5 mM GABA for three days and then subjected to acid-Al stress (5 mmol/L AlCl3·6H2O, pH 4.35) for fifteen days. The results showed that acid-Al stress significantly increased the accumulation of Al and also restricted aboveground and underground growths, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balance, which could be effectively alleviated by GABA priming. The application of GABA significantly activated antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, to reduce oxidative damage to cells under acid-Al stress. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol associated with osmotic, antioxidant, and metabolic homeostases under acid-Al stress. In addition, the GABA priming significantly up-regulated genes related to the transportation of malic acid and citric acid in leaves in response to acid-Al stress. Current findings indicated GABA-induced tolerance to acid-Al stress in relation to scavenging of reactive oxygen species, osmotic adjustment, and accumulation and transport of organic metabolites in leaves. Exogenous GABA priming could improve the phytoremediation potential of perennial creeping bentgrass for the restoration of Al-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.Z.)
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Li H, Song K, Zhang X, Wang D, Dong S, Liu Y, Yang L. Application of Multi-Perspectives in Tea Breeding and the Main Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12643. [PMID: 37628823 PMCID: PMC10454712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plants are an economically important crop and conducting research on tea breeding contributes to enhancing the yield and quality of tea leaves as well as breeding traits that satisfy the requirements of the public. This study reviews the current status of tea plants germplasm resources and their utilization, which has provided genetic material for the application of multi-omics, including genomics and transcriptomics in breeding. Various molecular markers for breeding were designed based on multi-omics, and available approaches in the direction of high yield, quality and resistance in tea plants breeding are proposed. Additionally, future breeding of tea plants based on single-cellomics, pangenomics, plant-microbe interactions and epigenetics are proposed and provided as references. This study aims to provide inspiration and guidance for advancing the development of genetic breeding in tea plants, as well as providing implications for breeding research in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection and Agricultural Big-Data Research Center, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Wang Y, Cheng J, Wei S, Jiang W, Li Y, Guo W, Dai W, Liao B. Metabolomic Study of Flavonoids in Camellia drupifera under Aluminum Stress by UPLC-MS/MS. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1432. [PMID: 37050058 PMCID: PMC10097190 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) affects the yield of forest trees in acidic soils. The oil tea plant (Camellia drupifera Lour.) has high Al tolerance, with abundant phenolic compounds in its leaves, especially flavonoid compounds. The role of these flavonoids in the Al resistance of oil tea plants is unclear. In this metabolomic study of C. drupifera under Al stress, ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was utilized to identify metabolites, while principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were applied to analyze the data on the flavonoid metabolites. The leaf morphology of C. drupifera revealed significant damage by excess aluminum ions under each treatment compared with the control group. Under Al stress at 2 mmol/L (GZ2) and 4 mmol/L (GZ4), the total flavonoid content in C. drupifera leaves reached 24.37 and 35.64 mg/g, respectively, which are significantly higher than the levels measured in the control group (CK) (p < 0.01). In addition, we identified 25 upregulated and 5 downregulated metabolites in the GZ2 vs. CK comparison and 31 upregulated and 7 downregulated flavonoid metabolites in GZ4 vs. CK. The results demonstrate that different levels of Al stress had a significant influence on the metabolite profile of C. drupifera. It was found that the abundance of the 24 differential flavonoid metabolites was gradually elevated with increasing concentrations of Al stress, including catechin, epicatechin, naringenin-7-glucoside, astilbin, taxifolin, miquelianin, quercitrin, and quercimeritrin. Moreover, the most significant increase in antioxidant activity (about 30%) was observed in C. drupifera precultured in leaf extracts containing 7.5 and 15 μg/mL of active flavonoids. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of key genes involved in the synthesis of flavonoids were consistent with the accumulation trends of flavonoids under different concentrations of Al. Therefore, our results demonstrate the key role of flavonoid compounds in the oil tea plant C. drupifera in response to Al stress, which suggests that flavonoid metabolites in C. drupifera, as well as other aluminum-tolerant plants, may help with detoxifying aluminum.
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7
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Ofoe R, Thomas RH, Asiedu SK, Wang-Pruski G, Fofana B, Abbey L. Aluminum in plant: Benefits, toxicity and tolerance mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1085998. [PMID: 36714730 PMCID: PMC9880555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is the third most ubiquitous metal in the earth's crust. A decrease in soil pH below 5 increases its solubility and availability. However, its impact on plants depends largely on concentration, exposure time, plant species, developmental age, and growing conditions. Although Al can be beneficial to plants by stimulating growth and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses, it remains unknown how Al mediates these effects since its biological significance in cellular systems is still unidentified. Al is considered a major limiting factor restricting plant growth and productivity in acidic soils. It instigates a series of phytotoxic symptoms in several Al-sensitive crops with inhibition of root growth and restriction of water and nutrient uptake as the obvious symptoms. This review explores advances in Al benefits, toxicity and tolerance mechanisms employed by plants on acidic soils. These insights will provide directions and future prospects for potential crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ofoe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Bible Hill, NS, Canada
| | - Raymond H. Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Grenfell Campus, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Samuel K. Asiedu
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Bible Hill, NS, Canada
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Bible Hill, NS, Canada
| | - Bourlaye Fofana
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Bible Hill, NS, Canada
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Lord Abbey
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Bible Hill, NS, Canada
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Le Poder L, Mercier C, Février L, Duong N, David P, Pluchon S, Nussaume L, Desnos T. Uncoupling Aluminum Toxicity From Aluminum Signals in the STOP1 Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:785791. [PMID: 35592558 PMCID: PMC9111536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.785791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a major limiting factor for crop production on acidic soils, inhibiting root growth and plant development. At acidic pH (pH < 5.5), Al3+ ions are the main form of Al present in the media. Al3+ ions have an increased solubility at pH < 5.5 and result in plant toxicity. At higher pH, the free Al3+ fraction decreases in the media, but whether plants can detect Al at these pHs remain unknown. To cope with Al stress, the SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1) transcription factor induces AL-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (ALMT1), a malate-exuding transporter as a strategy to chelate the toxic ions in the rhizosphere. Here, we uncoupled the Al signalling pathway that controls STOP1 from Al toxicity using wild type (WT) and two stop1 mutants carrying the pALMT1:GUS construct with an agar powder naturally containing low amounts of phosphate, iron (Fe), and Al. We combined gene expression [real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and the pALMT1:GUS reporter], confocal microscopy (pSTOP1:GFP-STOP1 reporter), and root growth measurement to assess the effects of Al and Fe on the STOP1-ALMT1 pathway in roots. Our results show that Al triggers STOP1 signaling at a concentration as little as 2 μM and can be detected at a pH above 6.0. We observed that at pH 5.7, 20 μM AlCl3 induces ALMT1 in WT but does not inhibit root growth in stop1 Al-hypersensitive mutants. Increasing AlCl3 concentration (>50 μM) at pH 5.7 results in the inhibition of the stop1 mutants primary root. Using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-STOP1 and ALMT1 reporters, we show that the Al signal pathway can be uncoupled from the Al toxicity on the root. Furthermore, we observe that Al strengthens the Fe-mediated inhibition of primary root growth in WT, suggesting an interaction between Fe and Al on the STOP1-ALMT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Le Poder
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Caroline Mercier
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International – TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | | | - Nathalie Duong
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascale David
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International – TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
- *Correspondence: Thierry Desnos,
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Liang LL, Song YK, Qian WJ, Ruan JY, Ding ZT, Zhang QF, Hu JH. Metabolomics analysis reveals the responses of tea plants to excessive calcium. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5678-5687. [PMID: 33792039 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proper growth and development of tea plants requires moderately acidic soils and relatively low calcium levels, and excessive calcium at high pH can damage tea plant roots. To reveal the effects of calcium on the responses of tea plant to three pH levels (3.5, 5.0 and 6.5), a repeated test of two factors was designed. RESULTS Root growth and elemental analysis indicated that excessive calcium improved the growth of tea roots at low pH conditions, whereas it did not harm the growth of tea roots under normal and high pH conditions, especially at pH 6.5. Excessive calcium antagonized the absorption and utilization of magnesium by tea plants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that the addition of Ca2+ resulted in the primary metabolism in roots being more active at a low pH level. By contrast, it had obvious adverse effects on the accumulation of root metabolites with high calcium treatment at normal or high pH. Differential metabolites identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry indicated that flavonoids demonstrated the largest number of changes, and their biosynthesis was partially enriched with excessive calcium at low and high pH conditions, whereas it was down-regulated under normal pH conditions. Kaempferol 3-(2'-rhamnosyl-6'-acetylgalactoside) 7-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-(6'-sinapoylsophorotrioside) and delphinidin 3-(3'-p-coumaroylglucoside) showed the greatest increase. The results of gene expression related to root growth and calcium regulation were consistent with root growth and root metabolism. CONCLUSION The overall results demonstrated that high Ca concentrations further aggravate the detrimental effects of high pH to tea roots. However, it is interesting that excessive calcium reduced the harm of a low pH on tea root growth to some extent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Liang
- College of Horticulture/College of Foreign Languages, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Kang Song
- College of Horticulture/College of Foreign Languages, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Jun Qian
- College of Horticulture/College of Foreign Languages, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Yun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Tang Ding
- College of Horticulture/College of Foreign Languages, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Hu
- College of Horticulture/College of Foreign Languages, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Ding ZJ, Shi YZ, Li GX, Harberd NP, Zheng SJ. Tease out the future: How tea research might enable crop breeding for acid soil tolerance. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100182. [PMID: 34027395 PMCID: PMC8132122 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most crops, in which soil acidity severely limits productivity, tea (Camellia sinensis) actually prefers acid soils (pH 4.0-5.5). Specifically, tea is very tolerant of acidity-promoted aluminum (Al) toxicity, a major factor that limits the yield of most other crops, and it even requires Al for optimum growth. Understanding tea Al tolerance and Al-stimulatory mechanisms could therefore be fundamental for the future development of crops adapted to acid soils. Here, we summarize the Al-tolerance mechanisms of tea plants, propose possible mechanistic explanations for the stimulation of tea growth by Al based on recent research, and put forward ideas for future crop breeding for acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuan Zhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Gui Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nicholas P. Harberd
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Li W, Finnegan PM, Dai Q, Guo D, Yang M. Metabolic acclimation supports higher aluminium-induced secretion of citrate and malate in an aluminium-tolerant hybrid clone of Eucalyptus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33407145 PMCID: PMC7789223 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucalyptus is the main plantation wood species, mostly grown in aluminized acid soils. To understand the response of Eucalyptus clones to aluminum (Al) toxicity, the Al-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla clone GL-9 (designated "G9") and the Al-sensitive E. urophylla clone GL-4 (designated "W4") were employed to investigate the production and secretion of citrate and malate by roots. RESULTS Eucalyptus seedlings in hydroponics were exposed to the presence or absence of 4.4 mM Al at pH 4.0 for 24 h. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHM) and anion channel blocker phenylglyoxal (PG) were applied to explore possible pathways involved in organic acid secretion. The secretion of malate and citrate was earlier and greater in G9 than in W4, corresponding to less Al accumulation in G9. The concentration of Al in G9 roots peaked after 1 h and decreased afterwards, corresponding with a rapid induction of malate secretion. A time-lag of about 6 h in citrate efflux in G9 was followed by robust secretion to support continuous Al-detoxification. Malate secretion alone may alleviate Al toxicity because the peaks of Al accumulation and malate secretion were simultaneous in W4, which did not secrete appreciable citrate. Enhanced activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), aconitase (ACO) and malic enzyme (ME) were closely associated with the greater secretion of citrate in G9. PG effectively inhibited citrate and malate secretion in both Eucalyptus clones. CHM also inhibited malate and citrate secretion in G9, and citrate secretion in W4, but notably did not affect malate secretion in W4. CONCLUSIONS G9 immediately secrete malate from roots, which had an initial effect on Al-detoxification, followed by time-delayed citrate secretion. Pre-existing anion channel protein first contributed to malate secretion, while synthesis of carrier protein appeared to be needed for citrate excretion. The changes of organic acid concentrations in response to Al can be achieved by enhanced CS and PEPC activities, but was supported by changes in the activities of other enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism. The above information may help to further explore genes related to Al-tolerance in Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Patrick M. Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009 Australia
| | - Qin Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongqiang Guo
- Guangxi Forestry Rearch Institute, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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12
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Saha B, Swain D, Borgohain P, Rout GR, Koyama H, Panda SK. Enhanced exudation of malate in the rhizosphere due to AtALMT1 overexpression in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) confers increased aluminium tolerance. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:701-708. [PMID: 32174006 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, 50% of soil is acidic, which induces aluminium (Al) toxicity in plants, as the phyto-availability of Al3+ increases in acidic soil. Plants responds to Al3+ toxicity by exuding organic acids into the rhizosphere. The organic acid responsible for Al3+ stress response varies from species to species, which in the case of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is citrate. In blackgram, an Arabidopsis malate transporter, AtALMT1, was overexpressed with the motive of inducing enhanced exudation of malate. Transgenics were generated using cotyledon node explants through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The putative transgenics were initially screened by AtALMT1-specific genomic DNA PCR, followed by quantitative PCR. Two independent transgenic events were identified and functionally characterized in the T3 generation. The transgenic lines, Line 1 and 2, showed better root growth, relative water content and chlorophyll content under Al3+ stress. Both lines also accounted for less oxidative damage, due to reduced accumulation of ROS molecules. Photosynthetic efficiency, as measured in terms of Fv /Fm , NPQ and Y(II), increased when compared to the wild type (WT). Relative expression of genes (VmSTOP1, VmALS3, VmMATE) responsible for Al3+ stress response in blackgram showed that overexpression of a malate transporter did not have any effect on their expression. Malate exudation increased whereas citrate exudation did not show any divergence from the WT. A pot stress assay found that the transgenics showed better adaptation to acidic soil. This report demonstrates that the overexpression of a malate transporter in a non-malate exuding species improves adaptation to Al3+ toxicity in acidic soil without effecting its stress response mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saha
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - D Swain
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Orissa University of Agricultural Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P Borgohain
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - G R Rout
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Orissa University of Agricultural Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - H Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - S K Panda
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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13
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Qu X, Zhou J, Masabni J, Yuan J. Phosphorus relieves aluminum toxicity in oil tea seedlings by regulating the metabolic profiling in the roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:12-22. [PMID: 32361398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is an important edible oil tree mainly grown in acidic soils, whose growth and yield can be severely limited due to soil aluminum (Al) toxicity and phosphorus (P) deficiency. In this study, we investigated the physiological and metabolic responses of oil tea to Al and P treatment for an 8-week duration. Al reduced root length, root volume, and plant biomass, while P addition alleviated the effects of Al toxicity. P addition increased P content and reduced Al accumulation in roots. The profiles of 58 metabolites were significantly changed in roots of oil tea seedlings. Al toxicity increased various amino acids, but decreased many kinds of organic acids and carbohydrates. Interestingly, P addition reduced the amino acids accumulation which were induced by Al toxicity, while only a few organic acids changed under P supply. Most carbohydrates, including sucrose and glucose, significantly increased with P addition under Al toxicity. Results indicated that Al toxicity increased the accumulation of amino acids and reduced the accumulation of organic acids and carbohydrates, while the addition of P promoted root growth by alleviating the inhibition of protein synthesis and increasing carbohydrates content. However, P addition did not increase the organic acids content in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
| | - Junqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
| | - Joseph Masabni
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University, 17360 Coit Road, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA.
| | - Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
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14
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Zhou J, Li Z, Zhou T, Xin Z, Wu L, Luo Y, Christie P. Aluminum toxicity decreases the phytoextraction capability by cadmium/zinc hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola in acid soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134591. [PMID: 31822411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive aluminum (Al) in acid soils or Al released due to acidification during repeated phytoextraction might impair the phytoextraction efficiency of hyperaccumulators but this is often neglected. Here, we investigate for the first time the toxicity of Al to the cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola with hydroponics experiments both in the long (7 weeks) and short terms (72 h), and in soil conditions in a pot experiment. In the long-term hydroponics experiment, observable toxic effects of Al were found even at <100 μM Al at pH 5.00 (soluble Al: 8.74 μM) which lowered shoot Cd uptake by 39.3% compared with the Al-free treatment. The scanning ion-selective electrode technique shows that root Cd2+ influx was significantly inhibited after treatment with 200 μM Al at pH 4.00 after 48 h. The pot experiment confirms that Al toxicity induced inhibition of plant growth and metal uptake in the acid soil with an exchangeable Al of 0.33 cmolc kg-1. Decreasing Cd adsorption at root surfaces induced by Al stress may be an important factor in declining shoot Cd uptake. Analysis of the chemical forms of metals shows that Al addition significantly influenced the chemical forms of Cd and Zn in stems, made them less mobile and thus restrained Cd and Zn translocation. Aluminum toxicity that potentially occurs in acid soils and in soils during repeated phytoextraction would be a primary factor limiting metal removal efficiency from contaminated soils using hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zaijun Xin
- Institute of Watershed Ecology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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15
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Fan K, Wang M, Gao Y, Ning Q, Shi Y. Transcriptomic and ionomic analysis provides new insight into the beneficial effect of Al on tea roots' growth and nutrient uptake. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:715-729. [PMID: 30911819 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling of roots indicated that genes involved in cell wall modification, cytoskeleton, H+ exchange and K+ influx played important roles in tea root growth under Al addition. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is considered as an Al accumulator species. It can accumulate a high concentration of Al in mature leaves without any symptom of toxicity, even improve roots' growth and nutrient uptake. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this tolerance remain unclear. Here, we investigated the accumulation of elements and transcriptional profiles in tea roots treated with various Al doses. The results showed that the growth of tea plants was improved by a low dose of Al (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1 mM); however, this beneficial effect disappeared when higher concentrations of Al were supplied (2, 4, 10 mM). Ionomic analysis suggested that accumulation of P and K increased under a low Al supply (< 1 mM), while Ca and Mg contents were negatively correlated with external Al doses. The RNA seq obtained 523,391 unigenes, among which 20,448 were annotated in all databases. In total, 1876 unigenes were expressed significantly different in any Al treatment. A large number of DEGs involved in cell growth and division, such as those linked to cell wall-modifying enzymes, actin cytoskeleton, cyclin and H+-ATPase were identified, suggesting that these pathways were involved in root growth under different Al supply. Furthermore, expression of transporters significantly changed in roots supplied with Al. Among them, HAK5, which is involved in K uptake by plants, had a significant positive correlation with the K content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Tea research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Wang
- Tea research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaoyao Gao
- Tea research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiuyan Ning
- Tea research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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16
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Voltammetric determination of aluminum(III) as Al-Alizarin S complex in tea leaves and infusions. Anal Biochem 2018; 558:69-79. [PMID: 30102891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work presents, for the first time, DPV methodology of indirect aluminum (III) determination in tea leaves and infusions using the renewable silver amalgam electrode. A self-referencing strategy was proposed which relies on alternate voltammetric curves registration with and without conditioning of the electrode surface. The developed procedure utilizing formation of aluminum-Alizarin S complex shows linearity in the range of 2-50 μg L-1 of Al(III) concentration, with r > 0.997. In the case of the electrode conditioning LOD is 0.2 μgL-1 and repeatability expressed by CV is 1-2%. Introducing an additional operation i.e. electrode activation results in decrease of sensitivity from 0.0162 to 0.0043 μA/μgL-1. The method was verified using CRM (tea leaves). Due to the wide variety of tea origin, types and producers, four most popular sorts (black, green, red and white) were chosen, made by one manufacturer. It was demonstrated that the proposed methodology may be applied in Al(III) determination in tea leaves and infusions. Al(III) extraction effectiveness was also examined. It was verified, that lemon juice addition during brewing increases aluminum concentration in infusions. Using Principal Components Analysis it was demonstrated that automatic distinction of infusions brewed with and without lemon juice, based on unprocessed voltammetric signal, may be successfully realized.
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17
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Ding Z, Jia S, Wang Y, Xiao J, Zhang Y. Phosphate stresses affect ionome and metabolome in tea plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:30-39. [PMID: 28982053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the response of tea plants to P stress, we conducted the ionomic and metabolomic analysis by ICP-OES, GC-MS and LC-MS. The results demonstrated that P was antagonistic with S, and was cooperative with Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe under P-deficiency. However, P was antagonistic with Mn, Fe and S, and was cooperative with Cu and Zn under P-excess. Moreover, P-deficiency or excess reduced the syntheses of flavonoids and phosphorylated metabolites. P-deficiency decreased the amount of glutamate and increased the content of glutamine, while P-excess decreased the content of glutamine. Besides, P-deficiency increased three organic acids and decreased three organic acids. P-excess increased the contents of malic acid, oxalic acid, ribonic acid and etc. involved in primary metabolism, but decreased the contents of p-coumaric acid, indoleacrylic acid, related to secondary metabolism. Furthermore, the contents of Mn and Zn were found to be positively related to the amounts of myricetin and quercetin, and the content of Mn to be positively related to the amount of arabinose. The results implied that the P stresses severely disturbed the metabolism of minerals and metabolites in tea plants, which influenced the yield and quality of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Sisi Jia
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- School of Biological Science and Winery Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, 271021, China
| | - Yinfei Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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18
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Xu Q, Wang Y, Ding Z, Fan K, Ma D, Zhang Y, Yin Q. Aluminum induced physiological and proteomic responses in tea (Camellia sinensis) roots and leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:141-151. [PMID: 28364710 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), is an aluminum (Al) hyperaccumulator and grows well in acid soils. Although Al-induced growth of tea plant has been studied, the proteomic profiles of tea plants in response to Al are unclear. In the present study, the proteomic profiles in tea roots and leaves under Al stress were investigated using iTRAQ proteomics approach. In total, 755 and 1059 differentially expressed proteins were identified in tea roots and leaves, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins in roots were mainly involved in 11 pathways whereas those from leaves were mainly involved in 9 pathways. Abundance of most protein functions in glycolytic metabolism were enhanced in tea roots, and proteins involved in photosynthesis were stimulated in tea leaves. The protein ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H) in lignin biosynthetic pathway was down-regulated in both roots and leaves. Furthermore, antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) and citrate synthesis were accumulated in tea roots in response to Al. The results indicated that active photosynthesis and glycolysis as well as increased activities of antioxidant enzymes can be considered as a possible reason for the stimulatory effects of Al on the growth of tea plants. Additionally, the down-regulation of F5H and the binding of Al and phenolic acids may reduce the accumulation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Dexin Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | | | - Qi Yin
- BGI-Tech, BGI, Shenzhen 518000, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ding Z, Wang H, Song L, Jia S, Ma D. Zinc stress affects ionome and metabolome in tea plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:318-328. [PMID: 27992770 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The research of physiological responses to Zn stress in plants has been extensively studied. However, the ionomics and metabolomics responses of plants to Zn stress remain largely unknown. In present study, the nutrient elements were identified involved in ion homeostasis and metabolomics changes related to Zn deficiency or excess in tea plants. Nutrient element analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of Zn affected the ion-uptake in roots and the nutrient element transportation to leaves, leading to the different distribution of P, S, Al, Ca, Fe and Cu in the tea leaves or roots. Metabolomics analysis revealed that Zn deficiency or excess differentially influenced the metabolic pathways in the tea leaves. More specifically, Zn deficiency affected the metabolism of carbohydrates, and Zn excess affected flavonoids metabolism. Additionally, the results showed that both Zn deficiency and Zn excess led to reduced nicotinamide levels, which speeded up NAD+ degradation and thus reduced energy metabolism. Furthermore, element-metabolite correlation analysis illustrated that Zn contents in the tea leaves were positively correlated with organic acids, nitrogenous metabolites and some carbohydrate metabolites, and negatively correlated with the metabolites involved in secondary metabolism and some other carbohydrate metabolites. Meanwhile, metabolite-metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that organic acids, sugars, amino acids and flavonoids played dominant roles in the regulation of the tea leaf metabolism under Zn stress. Therefore, the conclusion should be drawn that the tea plants responded to Zn stress by coordinating ion-uptake and regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, nitrogenous metabolites, and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute of Shandong, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Lubin Song
- Institue of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Sisi Jia
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dexin Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Bojórquez-Quintal E, Escalante-Magaña C, Echevarría-Machado I, Martínez-Estévez M. Aluminum, a Friend or Foe of Higher Plants in Acid Soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1767. [PMID: 29075280 PMCID: PMC5643487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust, but its availability depends on soil pH. Despite this abundance, Al is not considered an essential element and so far no experimental evidence has been put forward for a biological role. In plants and other organisms, Al can have a beneficial or toxic effect, depending on factors such as, metal concentration, the chemical form of Al, growth conditions and plant species. Here we review recent advances in the study of Al in plants at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, focusing mainly on the beneficial effect of Al in plants (stimulation of root growth, increased nutrient uptake, the increase in enzyme activity, and others). In addition, we discuss the possible mechanisms involved in improving the growth of plants cultivated in soils with acid pH, as well as mechanisms of tolerance to the toxic effect of Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal
- CONACYT-Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio, El Colegio de Michoacán, La Piedad, Mexico
| | - Camilo Escalante-Magaña
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Ileana Echevarría-Machado
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Manuel Martínez-Estévez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Manuel Martínez-Estévez,
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